Direct connection main shaft tool changing protection system and working method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of machining center spindles, in particular to a direct connection spindle tool changing protection system and a working method of the direct connection spindle tool changing protection system. The core shaft rotates in the fixed seat; the pull rod slides in the center of the mandrel; the broach claw is arranged at one end, extending into the mandrel, of the pull rod; the first oil cavity is arranged at the end part of the mandrel; the second oil cavity is formed in the side wall of the mandrel, and the size of the second oil cavity is reduced when the pull rod carries out broach action; when the pull rod loosens the cutter, the volume of the second oil cavity is increased; the main oil way is communicated with the first oil cavity and the second oil cavity; the pressure piston slides in the first oil cavity; the pressure spring is arranged in the first oil cavity; one end of the limiting branch communicates with the main oil path, and the other end communicates with the inner wall of the mandrel; and the limiting piston slides in the limiting branch, and one end of the limiting piston extends into the mandrel and is used for abutting against the side face of the broach claw. The main shaft can effectively solve the problem that a cutter of an existing main shaft is prone to falling off during cutter loosening.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of machining center spindles, and in particular to a direct-connected spindle tool-changing protection system and a working method thereof. Background Art

[0002] A direct-coupled spindle is a spindle structure in which the motor is directly connected to the spindle. It realizes a compact structure and an efficient driving mode, and is particularly suitable for use in high-speed, high-precision machining centers. In the existing direct-coupled spindle structure, the tool is usually fixed by pulling the pull rod to make the tool claw clamp the tool handle at the tail of the tool; the tool claw is pushed forward by the pull rod to release the clamping of the tool handle, thereby realizing the tool change. The push action of the pull rod will bring a certain impact force to the spindle. When the tool is released during tool change, since the tool claw has been released, this impact force is likely to cause the tool to fall, causing damage to the tool. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention provides a direct-connected spindle tool change protection system and a working method thereof, which can effectively solve the problem in the background technology that the tool is easy to fall off when the tool is released.

[0004] The present invention provides a direct-connected spindle tool change protection system, comprising: Fixed seat, independent fixed setting; A mandrel, which rotates in a fixed seat; A pull rod slides axially at the center of the mandrel; one end of the pull rod extends into the mandrel; The broach claw is arranged at the end of the drawbar extending into the mandrel; A first oil chamber is arranged at the end of the core shaft; The second oil chamber is arranged on the side wall of the mandrel, and when the pull rod performs a tool-pulling action, the volume of the second oil chamber decreases; when the pull rod performs a tool-loosening action, the volume of the second oil chamber increases; A main oil circuit, connecting the first oil chamber and the second oil chamber; A pressure piston slides in the first oil chamber; A pressure spring is arranged in the first oil chamber and is located on a side of the pressure piston away from the main oil circuit; A limit branch, one end of which is connected to the main oil circuit, and the other end is connected to the inner wall of the core shaft; The limiting piston slides in the limiting branch, and one end of the limiting piston extends into the interior of the core shaft to abut against the side surface of the broaching claw.

[0005] Furthermore, the first oil chamber is connected to the end face of the core shaft, and a first plug screwed in by a thread is arranged at the connecting end; one end of the pressure spring abuts against the first plug, and the other end abuts against the pressure piston.

[0006] Furthermore, it also includes a follower branch, one end of which is connected to the main oil circuit, and the other end of which is connected to the inner wall of the core shaft; It also includes a follower piston, which slides on one end of the follower branch connected to the inner wall of the core shaft; and one end of the follower piston extends into the interior of the core shaft; The end of the follower branch close to the main oil circuit forms a second oil chamber; An action block extending radially outward is arranged on the side of the pull rod, and the action block abuts against the end surface of the follower piston; an inclined surface is also arranged on the abutting surface of the action block, which gradually approaches the pull rod in the direction away from the broaching claw.

[0007] Furthermore, the follower piston is also provided with a limit block extending in the direction of the pull rod, and the side surface of the limit block is in contact with the side surface of the action block.

[0008] Furthermore, the action block is provided with a through groove along the axial direction of the pull rod; It also includes a movable block on the side of the pull rod and sliding along the axial direction of the pull rod, wherein one end of the movable block away from the broaching claw extends into the through groove; an abutting surface is provided at the other end of the movable block for abutting against one end of the action block facing the broaching claw; A limit ring is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the mandrel; It also includes a movable spring, which is arranged between the limit stop ring and the movable block; When the tool is being broached, the end of the movable block away from the broach claw is located at the middle section of the inclined surface; When the tool is loosened, the end of the movable block away from the tool pulling claw is located on the side of the follower piston.

[0009] Furthermore, a limiting groove extending in the axial direction is provided on the side surface of the pull rod; and the side surface of the movable block extends into the limiting groove.

[0010] Furthermore, a mounting groove extending in the axial direction is provided on the inner side surface of the core shaft, and the action block extends into the mounting groove.

[0011] Furthermore, one end of the limiting branch is connected to the outer side surface of the core shaft, and a second plug is provided at the connecting end.

[0012] Furthermore, it also includes a protection branch, one end of which is connected to the end surface of the core shaft and the other end is connected to the main oil circuit; The protection piston slides in the protection branch and one end of the protection piston extends to the outside of the core shaft end surface.

[0013] The present invention also provides a working method of a direct-connected spindle tool-changing protection system, which is used in the above-mentioned direct-connected spindle tool-changing protection system, comprising: When the tool is broached, the pull rod moves to move the broach claw toward the inner direction of the mandrel. As the pull rod moves, the volume of the second oil chamber decreases, and the oil is squeezed into the first oil chamber, causing the pressure piston to move and compress the pressure spring. The oil pressure in the main oil circuit increases, making the limit piston unable to move. When releasing the tool, the pull rod moves to move the pull claw toward the outside of the core shaft. As the pull rod moves, the volume of the second oil chamber increases, causing the pressure spring to release and push the pressure piston to allow oil to flow into the second oil chamber, reducing the oil pressure in the main oil circuit. When changing the tool, as the tool moves in and out, the limit piston retracts under the push of external force. The movement of the limit piston will cause the oil in the limit branch to enter the main oil circuit, and then flow into the first oil chamber to compress the pressure spring. After the tool is removed or put away, the pressure spring releases and pushes the oil back into the limit branch, causing the limit piston to extend again.

[0014] The technical solution of the present invention can achieve the following technical effects: The protection system can ensure that the tool will not fall off when the tool is changed. The tool claw can be opened only when the tool picking device actively clamps the tool, thereby effectively protecting the tool and preventing it from falling off accidentally. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0016] Figure 1 It is a cross-sectional view of the direct-connected spindle tool-changing protection system of the present invention; Figure 2 It is an enlarged structural diagram of the direct-connected spindle tool change protection system of the present invention when the tool is being broached; Figure 3 It is an enlarged structural diagram of the direct-connected spindle tool change protection system of the present invention when the tool is released; Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the core shaft in the present invention; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pull rod in the present invention; Figure 6 It is an enlarged structural diagram of the action block and the movable block in the present invention when the tool is being broached; Figure 7 It is an enlarged structural diagram of the action block and the movable block in the present invention when the knife is loosened; Figure numerals: 1. fixed seat; 2. core shaft; 21. limit ring; 22. mounting groove; 3. pull rod; 31. action block; 31a. inclined plane; 32. movable block; 33. movable spring; 34. limit groove; 4. broach claw; 51. first oil chamber; 52. pressure piston; 53. pressure spring; 54. first plug; 61. second oil chamber; 62. follow-up branch; 63. follow-up piston; 63a. limit block; 7. main oil circuit; 81. limit branch; 82. limit piston; 83. second plug; 91. protection branch; 92. protection piston. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0018] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientations or positional relationships indicated by “center”, “up”, “down”, “left”, “right”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “inside” and “outside”, etc., are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0019] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0020] Basic structure of direct-coupled spindle Figure 1 As shown, including: Fixed seat 1, independently fixed on the ground or the frame of the machining center; The mandrel 2 rotates in the fixed seat 1; The pull rod 3 slides axially at the center of the core shaft 2; one end of the pull rod 3 extends into the core shaft 2; The broaching claw 4 is arranged at one end of the draw rod 3 extending into the mandrel 2 and follows the movement of the draw rod 3; When the direct-connected spindle is working, the other end of the core shaft 2 and the pull rod 3 will be connected to a power source that drives them to rotate and pushes the pull rod 3 to slide. In order to ensure the fixation of the tool, the broaching claw 4 will first clamp the tool handle, and then the pull rod 3 will push the broaching claw 4 toward the core shaft 2 for a distance. The outer side of the broaching claw 4 will press against the restricting surface on the inner wall of the core shaft 2, so that the broaching claw 4 cannot open, thereby fixing the tool handle, so that the pull rod 3 can pull the tool, so that the conical surface of the tool handle fits with the conical surface at the end of the core shaft 2, and the broach is fixed.

[0021] When changing the tool, the pull rod 3 will first push the broaching claw 4 toward the outside of the core shaft 2 for a distance. At this time, the outer side of the broaching claw 4 will leave the restricting surface on the inner wall of the core shaft 2, so that the broaching claw 4 can be opened, and the tool handle can move in and out of the broaching claw 4. However, it can be seen that at this time, the broaching claw 4 has no structural restrictions. Gravity, airflow (air curtain set up to prevent waste chips from entering) and other reasons will cause the broaching claw 4 to open and cannot automatically merge. Therefore, it cannot form a restriction on the tool at this time, and the tool can easily fall off the spindle and be damaged.

[0022] In order to solve the above problems, a direct-connected spindle tool change protection system is designed based on the basic structure of the direct-connected spindle. Figures 2 to 7 As shown, including: The first oil chamber 51 is arranged at the end of the core shaft 2; The second oil chamber 61 is arranged on the side wall of the mandrel 2, and when the pull rod 3 performs a broaching action, as the pull rod 3 pushes the broaching claw 4 toward the inside of the mandrel 2, the volume of the second oil chamber 61 will decrease; when the pull rod 3 performs a tool release action, as the pull rod 3 pushes the broaching claw 4 toward the outside of the mandrel 2, the volume of the second oil chamber 61 will increase; A main oil passage 7, communicating with the first oil chamber 51 and the second oil chamber 61; The pressure piston 52 slides in the first oil chamber 51; The pressure spring 53 is arranged in the first oil chamber 51 and is located on the side of the pressure piston 52 away from the main oil circuit 7; The limiting branch 81 has one end connected to the main oil circuit 7 and the other end connected to the inner wall of the core shaft 2; The limiting piston 82 slides in the limiting branch 81, and one end of the limiting piston extends into the interior of the mandrel 2 to abut against the side of the broaching claw 4; When this protection system is working, each oil chamber and oil circuit will be filled with oil.

[0023] The specific working method and principle of this protection system are as follows: When broaching, Figure 2As shown, the movement of the pull rod 3 causes the pull claw 4 to move toward the inside of the core shaft 2. As the pull rod 3 moves, the volume of the second oil chamber 61 will decrease, and the oil in the second oil chamber 61 will be squeezed out, and then squeezed into the first oil chamber 51 through the main oil circuit 7; in the first oil chamber 51, as the oil pressure increases, the piston 52 will move to compress the pressure spring 53, and the pressure applied by the pressure spring 53 to the oil will increase, thereby increasing the oil pressure in the main oil circuit 7 and each branch, and the oil pressure presses the limit piston 82 so that the limit piston 82 cannot move.

[0024] When loosening the knife, Figure 3 As shown, the movement of the pull rod 3 causes the broaching claw 4 to move toward the outside of the core shaft 2. As the pull rod 3 moves, the volume of the second oil chamber 61 will increase, causing the pressure spring 53 to be released to push the pressure piston 52 to squeeze the oil out of the first oil chamber 51. The oil will flow into the second oil chamber 61 through the main oil circuit 7. Due to the release of the pressure spring 53, its pressure on the oil will also decrease, causing the oil pressure in the main oil circuit 7 and each branch circuit to decrease. At this time, the pressure of the oil on the limit piston 82 will be relatively small, allowing the limit piston 82 to press against the side of the broaching claw 4 to prevent it from opening naturally, thereby clamping the tool to prevent it from falling.

[0025] When changing the tool, as the tool moves in and out, the tool pulling claw 4 will open, and its side will push the limit piston 82. The limit piston 82 will retract under the push of external force. The movement of the limit piston 82 will cause the oil in the limit branch 81 to enter the main oil circuit 7, and then flow to the first oil chamber 51 to compress the pressure spring 53; after the tool is taken away or put away, the tool handle will no longer generate thrust on the tool pulling claw 4, that is, the limit piston 82 is no longer subjected to external thrust, and the pressure spring 53 will be released to push the oil back into the limit branch 81, so that the limit piston 82 will re-extend, and the tool pulling claw 4 will be immediately pushed back to the closed state.

[0026] The protection system can ensure that the tool will not fall off when the tool is changed. The tool claw 4 can be opened only when the tool removal device actively clamps the tool, thereby effectively protecting the tool and preventing it from falling off accidentally.

[0027] It is preferred that the first oil chamber 51 is connected to the end face of the core shaft 2, and a first plug 54 is screwed in at one end of the first oil chamber 51 that is connected to the end face of the core shaft 2; one end of the pressure spring 53 abuts against the first plug 54, and the other end abuts against the pressure piston 52. By adjusting the depth of the first plug 54 screwed into the first oil chamber 51, the degree of compression of the pressure spring 53 can be controlled, so that the oil pressure in the protection system can be adjusted, so that the protection system can adapt to more usage occasions. It is preferred that the first oil chamber 51 is set in a form in which its axis is parallel to the axis of the core shaft 2, so that the first oil chamber 51 can obtain a larger volume by increasing the length, thereby increasing the adjustment range of the first plug 54, and furthermore, the oil pressure can be controlled more accurately.

[0028] The simplest way to realize the variable second oil chamber 61 is to realize it through an external control system. However, since the core shaft 2 itself needs to rotate, the external control system will have problems such as wiring entanglement, and there is also a requirement that the volume change of the second oil chamber 61 is opposite to the movement direction of the pull rod 3 (that is, the movement of the pull rod 3 toward the main oil circuit 7 requires the volume of the second oil chamber 61 to increase. Therefore, a simple piston push structure is also difficult to realize. Therefore, this protection system proposes a special implementation structure, such as Figure 2~3 As shown, including: The follower branch 62 has one end connected to the main oil circuit 7 and the other end connected to the inner wall of the core shaft 2; The follower piston 63 slides on one end of the follower branch 62 connected to the inner wall of the core shaft 2; and one end of the follower piston 63 extends into the interior of the core shaft 2; The end of the follower branch 62 close to the main oil circuit 7 forms a second oil chamber 61; An action block 31 extending radially outward is provided on the side of the pull rod 3, and the action block 31 abuts against the end surface of the follower piston 63; an inclined surface 31a is also provided on the abutting surface of the action block 31, which gradually approaches the pull rod 3 in the direction away from the broaching claw 4.

[0029] The specific working process and principle of this structure are as follows: When broaching, Figure 2 As shown, the pull rod 3 drives the broaching claw 4 to move outward, and the action block 31 moves with the pull rod 3. The contact point between the follower piston 63 and the inclined surface 31a will move from the end of the inclined surface 31a close to the pull rod 3 to the end of the inclined surface 31a away from the pull rod 3, thereby causing the follower piston 63 to move in the direction away from the pull rod 3, thereby reducing the second oil chamber 61.

[0030] When loosening the knife, Figure 3As shown, the pull rod 3 drives the broaching claw 4 to move inward, and the action block 31 moves with the pull rod 3. The contact point between the follower piston 63 and the inclined surface 31a will move from the end of the inclined surface 31a away from the pull rod 3 to the end of the inclined surface 31a close to the pull rod 3, thereby causing the follower piston 63 to move toward the direction close to the pull rod 3, thereby increasing the second oil chamber 61.

[0031] In order to ensure that the follower piston 63 and the action block 31 can fit tightly and avoid misalignment, it is preferred to provide a limit block 63a extending toward the pull rod 3 on the follower piston 63, and the side of the limit block 63a fits with the side of the action block 31 to prevent the follower piston 63 from shaking.

[0032] If the broaching claw 4 can be opened when the pull rod 3 has not yet moved into place, the collision between the parts when the pull rod 3 is in place will easily cause the broaching claw 4 to loosen and cause the tool to fall. In order to avoid this situation, Figure 5 As shown, this protection system also designs the following structure: The action block 31 is provided with a through groove along the axial direction of the pull rod 3; It also includes a movable block 32 on the side of the pull rod 3 and sliding along the axial direction of the pull rod 3, and one end of the movable block 32 away from the broaching claw 4 extends into the through groove; the other end of the movable block 32 is provided with an abutting surface for abutting with the end of the action block 31 facing the broaching claw 4; A limit ring 21 is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the core shaft 2; It also includes a movable spring 33, which is arranged between the limit stop ring 21 and the movable block 32; When the tool is broached, the end of the movable block 32 away from the broach claw 4 is located at the middle section of the inclined surface 31a and is higher than the inclined surface 31a; When the knife is loosened, the end of the movable block 32 away from the broaching claw 4 is located at the side of the follower piston 63 .

[0033] The specific working process and principle of this structure are as follows: When loosening the knife, Figure 7 As shown, the action block 31 will push the movable block 32 to move together. When it moves to the inclined surface 31a, since the movable block 32 is higher than the inclined surface 31a, the follower piston 63 cannot move under the restriction of the movable block 32, until the pull rod 3 moves into place so that the action block 31 pushes the movable block 32 completely to make the follower piston 63 and the movable block 32 staggered. At this time, the follower piston 63 can move to increase the second oil chamber 61, and at this time the pull rod 3 has moved into place, and there will be no impact of movement to affect the safety of the tool.

[0034] When broaching, Figure 6As shown, in the initial stage of movement of the pull rod 3, due to the extension of the follower piston 63, it will press against the side of the movable block 32 and prevent it from moving. At this time, only the action block 31 will move with the pull rod 3, and the inclined surface 31a will gradually push the follower piston 63 back to achieve the reduction of the second oil chamber 61 until the follower piston 63 retracts into place. At this time, the follower piston 63 no longer restricts the side of the movable block 32, and the movable block 32 will return to the end face of the follower piston 63 under the push of the movable spring 33.

[0035] Preferably, a limiting groove 34 extending in the axial direction is provided on the side of the pull rod 3 , and the side of the movable block 32 is extended into the limiting groove 34 , thereby limiting the movement trajectory of the movable block 32 and preventing the movable block 32 from being skewed.

[0036] Preferably, an axially extending mounting groove 22 is provided on the inner side of the core shaft 2 , and the actuating block 31 extends into the mounting groove 22 , thereby limiting the movement trajectory of the actuating block 31 and ensuring contact between the actuating block 31 and the follower piston 63 .

[0037] In order to facilitate the installation of the limiting piston 82, it is preferred to connect the outer side surface of the core shaft 2 at one end of the limiting branch 81, from which the limiting piston 82 can be placed into the limiting branch 81, and then a second plug 83 is installed at the connecting end between the limiting branch 81 and the outer side surface of the core shaft 2 to ensure the sealing of the oil circuit.

[0038] In order to further improve the protection performance of the tool, this protection system is also equipped with: A protection branch 91, one end of which is connected to the end surface of the core shaft 2, and the other end of which is connected to the main oil circuit 7; The protection piston 92 slides in the protection branch 91 , and one end of the protection piston 92 extends to the outside of the end surface of the core shaft 2 .

[0039] When the tool is pulled, or when the pull rod 3 is not in place during the tool loosening process, the protective piston 92 cannot be retracted inward due to the high oil pressure. Under the restriction of the protective piston 92, the tool removal device cannot approach the tool, so the tool removal action cannot be performed.

[0040] During the tool changing process, when the tool taking device approaches the tool, the protection piston 92 will be pushed back into the protection branch 91, so that the oil pressure in the main oil channel 7 will increase slightly, thereby making the limiting effect of the limiting piston 82 on the tool pulling claw 4 more obvious, preventing the tool taking device from hitting the tool and causing it to fall accidentally, thereby further protecting the tool.

[0041] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A direct-connected spindle tool change protection system, characterized in that: include: A fixing seat (1), independently fixedly arranged; A core shaft (2) rotates in the fixing seat (1); A pull rod (3) slides axially at the center of the core shaft (2); one end of the pull rod (3) extends into the core shaft (2); A broach claw (4) is arranged on one end of the draw rod (3) extending into the mandrel (2); A first oil chamber (51) is arranged at the end of the core shaft (2); A second oil chamber (61) is arranged on the side wall of the mandrel (2), and when the pull rod (3) performs a tool-pulling action, the volume of the second oil chamber (61) decreases; when the pull rod (3) performs a tool-loosening action, the volume of the second oil chamber (61) increases; A main oil passage (7) communicating with the first oil chamber (51) and the second oil chamber (61); A pressure piston (52) slides in the first oil chamber (51); A pressure spring (53) is arranged in the first oil chamber (51) and is located on a side of the pressure piston (52) away from the main oil circuit (7); A limit branch (81), one end of which is connected to the main oil circuit (7) and the other end of which is connected to the inner wall of the core shaft (2); A limiting piston (82) slides in the limiting branch (81), and one end of the limiting piston extends into the interior of the core shaft (2) to abut against the side of the broaching claw (4).

2. The direct-connected spindle tool change protection system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The first oil chamber (51) is connected to the end face of the core shaft (2), and a first plug (54) screwed into the connection end is provided; one end of the pressure spring (53) abuts against the first plug (54), and the other end abuts against the pressure piston (52).

3. The direct-connected spindle tool change protection system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: It also includes a follower branch (62), one end of which is connected to the main oil circuit (7) and the other end of which is connected to the inner wall of the core shaft (2); It also includes a follower piston (63) which slides at one end of the follower branch (62) connected to the inner wall of the core shaft (2); and one end of the follower piston (63) extends into the interior of the core shaft (2); The second oil chamber (61) is formed at one end of the follower branch (62) close to the main oil circuit (7); An action block (31) extending radially outward is arranged on the side of the pull rod (3), and the action block (31) abuts against the end surface of the follower piston (63); an inclined surface (31a) is also arranged on the abutting surface of the action block (31) and gradually approaches the pull rod (3) in a direction away from the broaching claw (4).

4. The direct-connected spindle tool change protection system according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The follower piston (63) is also provided with a limit block (63a) extending in the direction of the pull rod (3), and the side surface of the limit block (63a) is in contact with the side surface of the action block (31).

5. The direct-connected spindle tool change protection system according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The action block (31) is provided with a through groove along the axial direction of the pull rod (3); It also includes a movable block (32) on the side of the pull rod (3) and sliding along the axial direction of the pull rod (3), wherein one end of the movable block (32) away from the broaching claw (4) extends into the through groove; and a contact surface is provided at the other end of the movable block (32) for contacting with one end of the action block (31) facing the broaching claw (4); A limit ring (21) is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the core shaft (2); It also includes a movable spring (33) arranged between the limit stop ring (21) and the movable block (32); When the knife is being broached, one end of the movable block (32) away from the broach claw (4) is located at the middle section of the inclined surface (31a); When the knife is loosened, one end of the movable block (32) away from the knife-pulling claw (4) is located on the side of the follower piston (63).

6. The direct-connected spindle tool change protection system according to claim 5, characterized in that: A limiting groove (34) extending in the axial direction is provided on the side of the pull rod (3); and a side of the movable block (32) extends into the limiting groove (34).

7. The direct-connected spindle tool change protection system according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The inner side surface of the core shaft (2) is provided with a mounting groove (22) extending in the axial direction, and the action block (31) extends into the mounting groove (22).

8. The direct-connected spindle tool change protection system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: One end of the limit branch (81) is connected to the outer side surface of the core shaft (2), and a second plug (83) is provided at the connecting end.

9. The direct-connected spindle tool change protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a protection branch (91), one end of which is connected to the end surface of the core shaft (2), and the other end of which is connected to the main oil circuit (7); A protection piston (92) slides in the protection branch (91), and one end of the protection piston extends to the outside of the end surface of the core shaft (2).

10. A working method of a direct-connected spindle tool change protection system, characterized in that: A direct-connected spindle tool change protection system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising: When the tool is broached, the pull rod (3) moves to cause the broach claw (4) to move toward the inner direction of the core shaft (2). As the pull rod (3) moves, the volume of the second oil chamber (61) decreases, and the oil is squeezed into the first oil chamber (51), causing the pressure piston (52) to move and compress the pressure spring (53). The oil pressure in the main oil circuit (7) increases, making the limit piston (82) unable to move. When the tool is loosened, the pull rod (3) moves to cause the pull claw (4) to move toward the outside of the core shaft (2). As the pull rod (3) moves, the volume of the second oil chamber (61) increases, causing the pressure spring (53) to release and push the pressure piston (52) to cause oil to flow into the second oil chamber (61), thereby reducing the oil pressure in the main oil circuit (7). When the tool is changed, as the tool moves in and out, the limit piston (82) retracts under the push of an external force. The movement of the limit piston (82) causes the oil in the limit branch (81) to enter the main oil circuit (7), and then flow into the first oil chamber (51) to compress the pressure spring (53). After the tool is removed or put away, the pressure spring (53) is released to push the oil back into the limit branch (81), causing the limit piston (82) to extend again.

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