Lightweight high-performance space debris protection energetic composite structure

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of lightweight high-performance space debris protection energetic composite structure, including high impedance metal protruding structure, energetic material structure and high impedance metal sheet from outside to inside in turn, high impedance metal protruding structure includes multiple protrusions, energetic material structure with pore includes multiple energetic material blocks, one protrusion inside corresponding setting one energetic material block, energetic material block inside is equipped with through-hole, and energetic material block can produce deflagration when being impacted by speed greater than 2km / s.Energetic composite structure of the present application is designed to reduce the weight of the protective plate, and also give full play to the synergistic effect of two materials.High impedance metal material is responsible for the preliminary dispersion and interception of space debris, and energetic material is further weakened by deflagration to disperse impact energy.This design effectively solves the problem of single performance of traditional protective materials when facing space debris of different sizes, and balances lightweight and high protection performance.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of space debris protection, and more particularly to a light-weight high-performance space debris protection energetic composite structure. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the continuous deepening of the development and utilization of outer space by various countries, the number of space debris is growing at an alarming rate. These debris, including abandoned satellites, rocket parts, explosion-generated debris, and other remnants of various artificial objects, have become a major threat to space activities. Especially in low earth orbit, the density of debris is high, and the risk it poses to the safety of spacecraft is even more serious. The speed of space debris is usually on the order of thousands of kilometers per second. Even small debris with a diameter of only a few millimeters can cause serious damage to the structure of a spacecraft if it collides with a high-speed spacecraft. Such a collision can cause plastic deformation, cratering, and perforation of the cabin wall, and even cause the failure of the spacecraft's internal systems, resulting in catastrophic consequences and endangering the on-orbit operation of the spacecraft.

[0003] In the face of this threat, various countries have taken various measures to mitigate the harm of space debris. On the one hand, spacecraft need to actively avoid large-sized debris when in orbit by using orbit monitoring and warning systems to avoid serious collisions. However, due to the limitations of current technical means, small-sized debris is difficult to completely monitor and avoid, and such debris can also pose a fatal threat to spacecraft. Therefore, in addition to actively avoiding large-sized debris, passive protection measures need to be taken by designing reasonable protection structures to resist the impact of these small-sized debris (less than 1 cm in size) that are difficult to monitor. Such protection structures not only need to have sufficient strength and impact resistance, but also need to consider lightweight design to meet the stringent requirements of spacecraft for weight and performance.

[0004] Typical protection structures are single-layer or multi-layer protection panels added to the outside of spacecraft, including various improved Whipple protection structures, such as multi-layer impact protection structures, corrugated protection screen protection structures, mesh protection structures, and filled protection structures. However, in these protection structures, the contact mode of the space debris impacting the single-layer panels of these structures is relatively simple. SUMMARY

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide a light-weight high-performance space debris protection energetic composite structure that can achieve higher protection efficiency while meeting the requirement of lightweight design.

[0006] The technical scheme adopted by the present application to solve its technical problems is: a light-weight high-performance space debris protection energetic composite structure is constructed, comprising a high-impedance metal protruding structure, an energetic material structure and a high-impedance metal sheet arranged in turn from outside to inside, the high-impedance metal protruding structure comprises a plurality of uniformly spaced protrusions, the energetic material structure with pores comprises a plurality of uniformly spaced energetic material blocks, one protrusion is correspondingly provided with one energetic material block inside, the energetic material block is provided with a through hole inside, and the energetic material block can produce deflagration reaction when impacted by a speed greater than 2km / s.

[0007] According to the above scheme, the protrusions are cross-shaped protrusions or circular hole-type protrusions.

[0008] According to the above scheme, the high-impedance metal protruding structure is made of aluminum alloy or titanium alloy.

[0009] According to the above scheme, the high-impedance metal sheet is made of aluminum alloy or titanium alloy.

[0010] According to the above scheme, the energetic material blocks are made of PTFE / Al, THV / Ta or MnO2 / Al.

[0011] According to the above scheme, the energetic material blocks are rectangular or circular.

[0012] According to the above scheme, the high-impedance metal protruding structure and the high-impedance metal sheet are integrally formed.

[0013] According to the above scheme, the through hole inside the energetic material block is a stepped hole.

[0014] The light-weight high-performance space debris protection energetic composite structure of the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0015] 1. The present application proposes a new protective structure design idea, i.e. particle size screening, different specific structure combinations are designed, on the basis of light weight, the structures of different parts have better protective effect for specific size debris. The design realizes effective protection of space debris of different sizes in the single protective plate through specific structure optimization and material distribution, and takes into account the requirements of light weight and high protective performance.

[0016] Specifically, in the impact process of space debris, the design first utilizes the high strength and hardness of high-resistivity metallic materials to rapidly disperse large-sized space debris into medium-sized fragments upon impact through the principle of shock wave superposition. Next, the medium-sized fragments trigger a deflagration effect upon impacting energetic materials. This deflagration process not only further breaks down the fragments into even smaller pieces but also effectively dissipates the kinetic energy of the space debris by releasing energy, thus significantly reducing its destructive power. Finally, small-sized fragments are intercepted by high-resistivity metallic materials to ensure they do not damage the target.

[0017] 2. The energetic composite structure design of this invention reduces the weight of the protective plate while fully leveraging the synergistic effect of the two materials. The high-resistivity metallic material is responsible for the initial dispersion and interception of space debris, while the energetic material further weakens and disperses the impact energy through deflagration. This design effectively solves the problem of the limited performance of traditional protective materials when facing impacts from space debris of different sizes, while achieving a balance between lightweight and high-efficiency protective performance. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. In the accompanying drawings:

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a lightweight, high-performance energy-containing composite structure for space debris protection;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a front view of a lightweight, high-performance space debris protection energetic composite structure;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of a lightweight, high-performance space debris protection energetic composite structure;

[0022] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of an energetic composite structure in which the protruding structure and the energetic material are circular;

[0023] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of stress wave response when impacting a protruding structure;

[0024] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the internal dimensions of the energetic composite structure provided in the embodiment;

[0025] Figure 7 The specific simulation working condition diagrams provided in the examples;

[0026] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the protective effect of a lightweight, high-performance space debris protection energetic composite structure. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To provide a clearer understanding of the technical features, objectives, and effects of the present invention, specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0028] This invention provides a lightweight, high-performance space debris protection energetic composite structure that combines high-impedance metallic materials with energetic materials. Through the combination of different materials and structures, a balance between protective performance and lightweight design is achieved. The basic structure of this protective structure is as follows: Figures 1-3 As shown, the structure is mainly composed of high-resistivity metal and energetic materials, comprising three layers from the outside in: a high-resistivity metal protrusion structure 1, a porous energetic material structure 2, and a high-resistivity metal sheet 3. The high-resistivity metal protrusion structure includes multiple protrusions arranged at uniform intervals, and the porous energetic material structure includes multiple energetic material blocks arranged at uniform intervals, with one energetic material block corresponding to each protrusion. Through the synergistic effect of these three layers, this invention not only effectively intercepts and pulverizes space debris but also proposes a novel protection approach based on particle size screening. This approach ensures both effective protection and significantly reduces the weight of the protective plate, demonstrating superior application potential.

[0029] The first layer is a high-impedance metal protrusion structure on the outer side, which forms an integrated design with the high-impedance metal sheet of the third layer. Since metals typically have high impedance, high-impedance materials such as aluminum alloys and titanium alloys can be selected. The mechanical wave impedance requirement is greater than 10. 7 N·s / m 3 .like Figure 4 As shown, the shape of the protruding structure can be flexibly set according to specific needs, such as using various geometric forms like cross-shaped protrusions and circular perforated protrusions, to adapt to different protection requirements. Its core function is to handle space debris of different sizes through physical screening. Specifically, such as... Figure 5 As shown, when a large space debris impacts a raised structure, due to the characteristics of high-resistivity metal materials, the high-resistivity materials will reflect strong stress waves. Furthermore, due to the spacing design between the raised structures, the space debris may be affected by multiple raised structures during the impact process, causing the stress waves excited by different raised structures to superimpose inside the space debris, resulting in more violent fragmentation of the space debris.

[0030] The second layer is a porous energetic material structure. Since the protective plate primarily protects against high-speed space debris, the energetic material must be able to undergo a deflagration reaction upon impact with a speed greater than 2 km / s. Materials such as PTFE / Al, THV / Ta, and MnO2 / Al can be selected. Figure 4As shown, the shape and pore structure of the energetic material can be flexibly set according to specific needs, such as using rectangular, circular, and other geometric forms in combination to adapt to different protection requirements. In this embodiment, the pores are stepped through-holes. The size and distribution of the pore structure can be adjusted and optimized according to the size of the debris to be protected. The main function of this layer is to deal with small to medium-sized debris, utilizing the deflagration characteristics of the energetic material to rapidly reduce the kinetic energy of the debris through recoil and further decompose it into smaller fragments. Simultaneously, due to the low density and porosity of the energetic material, the use of this layer provides important support for the lightweight design of the entire protective structure.

[0031] The third layer is a high-impedance metal sheet, made of the same material as the first layer, such as aluminum alloy or titanium alloy, forming a unified structure with the raised structure of the first layer. Its primary function is to act as a final barrier, intercepting and blocking remaining small debris, as well as small space debris that has not been effectively blocked by the first two layers. Because the third layer is the innermost layer, it directly faces the debris that has already been processed by the first two layers; therefore, its thickness and strength can be optimized according to specific application scenarios to minimize weight while meeting protection requirements. The high-impedance properties of its material effectively absorb the remaining kinetic energy of the debris, thus ensuring the safety of the spacecraft's interior.

[0032] The energetic composite structure of this invention offers high adjustability in thickness, materials, and geometry. Depending on the structural characteristics and protection requirements of different spacecraft, the material selection, thickness distribution, and geometry of the three-layer structure can be optimized and adjusted. For example, for areas requiring focused protection, the thickness of the first raised layer can be appropriately increased; for parts requiring weight reduction, lighter metal materials can be used or the thickness of the third thin plate can be reduced.

[0033] Specifically, to verify the protective performance of the designed energetic composite structure, two sets of comparative simulation experiments were conducted. First, a protective plate with a specific configuration was designed based on the proposed energetic composite structure. The energetic material was selected as the fluoropolymer-based energetic active material PTFE / Al, with a density of 2.20 g / cm³. 3 It possesses excellent impact initiation capability; the high-resistivity metal material is made of 2024 aluminum alloy, with a density of 2.78 g / cm³. 3 It possesses excellent impact resistance. To enhance its protective effect, the protective plate's geometric structure features a cross-shaped protrusion and a square groove, with dimensions as shown... Figure 6As shown, the dimensions of a, b, c, and d are set to 8mm, 6mm, 4mm, and 1mm respectively, to protect against large, medium, and small fragments; the dimensions of h1, h2, h3, and h4 are set to 6mm, 4mm, 2mm, and 1mm respectively. The calculated areal density of the energetic composite structure at this size is 1.134g / cm³. 2 This is equivalent to a 4.08mm thick 2024 aluminum alloy plate. To comprehensively evaluate the performance of the energetic composite structure, this aluminum alloy plate was selected as a control group.

[0034] The simulation was set up with a realistic impact condition, such as... Figure 7 As shown, space debris impacts two target plates at a speed of 5 km / s. The first layer consists of different protective structures (composite structures or aluminum alloy plates), and the second layer is the compartment to be protected. Both the space debris and the compartment are made of 2024 aluminum alloy. The protective mechanism of the composite structure aims to achieve phased weakening and blocking of space debris of different sizes. Therefore, three types of spherical space debris with diameters of 3 mm, 5 mm, and 7 mm were designed for simulation experiments. These debris represent the typical size distribution range that may exist in the actual space environment, which helps to comprehensively evaluate the adaptability and performance of the protective structure.

[0035] In the simulation experiment, calculations and analyses were performed on the designed energetic composite structure and the control aluminum alloy plate, respectively. The results are as follows: Figure 8 As shown in the simulation results, the energetic composite structure exhibits a significant protective advantage over an aluminum alloy plate of equivalent thickness when facing projectiles of different sizes. This is because the composite structure effectively weakens the kinetic energy of the fragments through the superposition of stress waves excited by the high-resistivity metal and the deflagration effect of the energetic material, while the high-resistivity metal layer provides strong mechanical support. These protective mechanisms enable the composite structure to demonstrate good protective effects under various impact conditions, especially when facing large projectiles (7mm), where its performance advantages are even more pronounced, exhibiting extremely strong impact resistance and energy absorption capabilities.

[0036] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms under the guidance of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims. All of these forms are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A lightweight, high-performance space debris protection energetic composite structure, characterized in that, The device includes a high-resistivity metal protrusion structure, an energetic material structure, and a high-resistivity metal sheet arranged sequentially from the outside to the inside. The high-resistivity metal protrusion structure includes multiple protrusions arranged at uniform intervals. The energetic material structure with pores includes multiple energetic material blocks arranged at uniform intervals. One energetic material block is disposed inside each protrusion. The energetic material block has through holes inside. The energetic material block can generate a deflagration reaction when it is impacted at a speed greater than 2 km / s.

2. The lightweight, high-performance space debris protection energetic composite structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The protrusion is either a cross-shaped protrusion or a circular perforated protrusion.

3. The lightweight, high-performance space debris protection energetic composite structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-resistance metal protrusion structure is made of aluminum alloy and titanium alloy.

4. The lightweight, high-performance space debris protection energetic composite structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-resistivity metal sheet is made of aluminum alloy and titanium alloy.

5. The lightweight, high-performance space debris protection energetic composite structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energetic material block is made of PTFE / Al, THV / Ta, or MnO2 / Al.

6. The lightweight, high-performance space debris protection energetic composite structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energetic material block is rectangular or circular.

7. The lightweight, high-performance space debris protection energetic composite structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-resistance metal protrusion structure and the high-resistance metal sheet are integrally formed.

8. The lightweight, high-performance space debris protection energetic composite structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The through holes inside the energetic material block are stepped holes.

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