Bio-based silicon carbon black poly-generation process system and energy gradient utilization integrated device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a bio-based silicon carbon black poly-generation process system and an energy gradient utilization integrated device and method, and relates to the field of biomass energy conversion and resource utilization. Comprising a self-thermal radiation pyrolysis conversion unit, an energy gradient utilization integrated device, a silicon carbon black treatment unit, a white carbon black preparation unit, a potassium carbonate recovery unit and an activated carbon production unit, and the self-thermal radiation pyrolysis conversion unit is used for performing temperature-controlled pyrolysis on a rice husk raw material to generate combustible gas, tar and silicon carbon black; self-heat supply in the rice hull cracking process is achieved through the self-heat radiation pyrolysis conversion unit, reaction is maintained through heat released by volatile component combustion, after combustible gas generated through cracking and tar are mixed and combusted, high-pressure steam is generated through the waste heat boiler to drive power generation, the power generation efficiency is improved, waste heat steam is further used for downstream process heating, and energy is saved. A gradient utilization mode is formed, and the total energy utilization rate of the system is effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to biomass energy conversion and resource utilization technology, and in particular to a bio-based silicon carbon black polygeneration process system and an energy cascade utilization integrated device and method. Background Art

[0002] In the field of efficient utilization of biomass resources, the traditional pyrolysis process has significant technical bottlenecks and insufficient economic efficiency. On the one hand, during the pyrolysis of rice husks, the heat generated by the combustion of volatiles is not effectively utilized, resulting in high energy consumption of the system; at the same time, the combustible gases generated by cracking are mostly directly discharged or inefficiently burned, and the waste heat resources are not used in a cascade manner, with an energy utilization rate of less than 30%. On the other hand, the pyrolysis byproduct silicon carbon black (containing SiO 2 The treatment method of tar (and carbon) is extensive, and its high-value utilization path is missing. The potassium-containing mother liquor produced after alkali leaching is directly discharged, causing waste of potassium resources and environmental pollution. In addition, the efficiency of tar condensation recovery in traditional processes is low, and there is a lack of in-depth development of tar energy properties. The overall economic and environmental benefits need to be improved urgently.

[0003] Although the current rice husk pyrolysis technology can produce silicon carbon black, it is limited by the insufficient utilization of energy cascades. For example, the waste heat after pyrolysis gas combustion for power generation is directly discharged without coupling with downstream processes; the filter cake after silicon carbon black alkaline leaching is mostly treated as solid waste, and the efficiency of activated carbon preparation is low. How to achieve high-value conversion of all components of rice husk, multi-stage energy supply and low-carbon circulation is still a technical bottleneck in the industry. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a bio-based silicon carbon black polygeneration process system and an integrated device and method for cascade utilization of energy, so as to solve the systemic defects of the traditional biomass pyrolysis process in the prior art, such as inefficient energy utilization, non-cascade recovery of waste heat, low-value treatment of silicon carbon black and waste of potassium resources, and the lack of polygeneration closed-loop integrated technology.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a bio-based silicon carbon black polygeneration process system, comprising:

[0006] The self-heating radiation pyrolysis conversion unit is used to control the temperature and crack the rice husk raw material to generate combustible gas, tar and silicon carbon black;

[0007] An integrated device for cascade utilization of energy, connected to the self-heating radiation pyrolysis conversion unit, is used to burn combustible gas and tar online to generate high-pressure steam, the high-pressure steam is used for power generation, and the waste heat steam after power generation is used for downstream process production heat to achieve cascade utilization of energy;

[0008] A silicon carbon black processing unit is connected to the self-heat radiation pyrolysis conversion unit and is used to react silicon carbon black with alkali solution to generate a water glass solution and an alkali leached filter cake;

[0009] A white carbon black preparation unit is connected to the silicon carbon black treatment unit and is used to introduce carbon dioxide into the water glass solution for precipitation reaction to generate white carbon black and produce a mother liquor containing potassium bicarbonate;

[0010] A potassium carbonate recovery unit, connected to the white carbon black preparation unit, is used to evaporate and crystallize the mother liquor to produce potassium carbonate;

[0011] An activated carbon production unit, connected to the silicon carbon black processing unit, is used to activate the alkali leached filter cake to produce activated carbon;

[0012] Among them, the energy ladder utilizes the waste heat steam output by the integrated device to be recycled for precipitation reaction heating of the white carbon preparation unit, evaporation crystallization heating of the potassium carbonate recovery unit and activation treatment heating of the activated carbon production unit.

[0013] Furthermore, the self-thermal radiation pyrolysis conversion unit comprises:

[0014] The self-heating radiation pyrolysis conversion furnace is used to control the temperature and crack the rice husk raw material;

[0015] The cyclone separator is connected to the furnace outlet of the self-heating radiation pyrolysis converter through a high-temperature pipeline and is used to separate silicon carbon black and combustible gas;

[0016] Tar condenser, connected to the gas outlet of cyclone separator.

[0017] Furthermore, the silicon carbon black processing unit includes an alkali leaching reactor, a filtering device and a screw conveyor. The alkali leaching reactor is connected to the solid outlet of the cyclone separator through the screw conveyor. The alkali leaching reactor reacts silicon carbon black with alkali solution to generate a water glass solution and an alkali leaching filter cake. The filtering device is used to separate the alkali leaching filter cake.

[0018] Furthermore, the white carbon black preparation unit includes a precipitation reactor and a carbon dioxide supply device. The precipitation reactor receives the water glass solution produced by the silicon carbon black processing unit. The outlet end of the carbon dioxide supply device is connected to the precipitation reactor and supplies carbon dioxide into the precipitation reactor.

[0019] Furthermore, the activated carbon production unit includes a rotary activation furnace, a pickling tank and a dryer. The pickling tank receives the alkaline leached filter cake produced by the silicon carbon black processing unit. After the alkaline leached filter cake is neutralized by pickling, it enters the rotary activation furnace for activation and rinsing, and is finally dried in the dryer to obtain activated carbon.

[0020] Furthermore, the potassium carbonate recovery unit includes an evaporation crystallization device and a centrifuge. The evaporation crystallization device receives the potassium bicarbonate-containing mother liquor produced by the white carbon black preparation unit. After the mother liquor is evaporated and crystallized by the evaporation crystallization device, it enters the centrifuge to separate and obtain potassium carbonate.

[0021] An integrated device for cascade utilization of energy for the co-production of bio-based silicon-carbon black is applicable to the above-mentioned bio-based silicon-carbon black co-production process system, comprising:

[0022] Gas combustion chamber, waste heat boiler, steam generator and steam distribution module;

[0023] A gas combustion chamber, the air inlet of which is connected to the combustible gas outlet of the self-heating radiation pyrolysis conversion unit through a combustible gas pipeline, and a tar atomizing injector is arranged in the gas combustion chamber;

[0024] A waste heat boiler is connected to the flue gas outlet of the gas combustion chamber;

[0025] The steam generator set is connected to the steam outlet of the waste heat boiler through a high-pressure steam pipe;

[0026] The steam distribution module comprises a main distribution pipe, a first branch pipe, a second branch pipe and a third branch pipe, wherein the main distribution pipe is connected to the exhaust port of the generator set, one end of the first branch pipe, the second branch pipe and the third branch pipe are all connected to the main distribution pipe, and the first branch pipe, the second branch pipe and the third branch pipe are all provided with pressure regulating valves;

[0027] The other end of the first branch pipe is connected to the jacket heating chamber of the white carbon black precipitation reactor;

[0028] The other end of the second branch pipe is connected to the heating chamber of the evaporation crystallization device;

[0029] The other end of the third branch pipe is connected to the steam nozzle of the rotary activation furnace.

[0030] A method for the co-production and cascade utilization of bio-based silicon-carbon black is applicable to the above-mentioned integrated device for the co-production of bio-based silicon-carbon black and cascade utilization of energy, and comprises the following steps:

[0031] S1. Self-heating radiation temperature-controlled cracking: The rice husk raw material is subjected to self-heating radiation temperature-controlled cracking to generate combustible gas, tar and silicon carbon black;

[0032] S2. Cascade utilization of energy: the combustible gas and tar generated in step S1 are burned online to drive the gas boiler to generate high-pressure steam, and the high-pressure steam is used to generate electricity through a steam generator; the low-pressure waste heat steam after power generation is transported to the downstream potassium carbonate recovery process, white carbon black precipitation reaction and activated carbon activation process as a heat source to achieve cascade utilization of heat energy;

[0033] S3, silicon carbon black treatment: reacting the silicon carbon black generated in step S1 with alkali solution to separate and obtain a water glass solution and an alkali leached filter cake;

[0034] S4, preparation of white carbon black: introducing carbon dioxide into the water glass solution of step S3 for precipitation reaction to generate white carbon black and produce a mother liquor containing potassium bicarbonate;

[0035] S5, potassium carbonate recovery: evaporating and crystallizing the mother liquor of step S4 to separate and produce potassium carbonate;

[0036] S6. Production of activated carbon: Activate the alkali leached filter cake from step S3, and obtain activated carbon by rinsing and drying.

[0037] Compared with the prior art, the bio-based silicon carbon black polygeneration process system and the integrated device and method for cascade utilization of energy provided by the present invention realize self-heating in the rice husk cracking process through the self-heating radiation pyrolysis conversion unit, and use the heat released by the combustion of volatiles to maintain the reaction. The combustible gas and tar produced by the cracking are mixed and burned, and then high-pressure steam is generated by the waste heat boiler to drive power generation, thereby improving the power generation efficiency. The waste heat steam is further used for heating the downstream process, forming a cascade utilization mode, and effectively improving the total energy utilization rate of the system.

[0038] Silicon carbon black is converted into water glass and filter cake through alkali leaching reaction, and water glass is precipitated with CO2 to prepare high-purity white carbon black. The mother liquor is evaporated and crystallized to recover potassium carbonate, so as to realize the recycling of potassium element. The filter cake is activated to prepare activated carbon, which has a well-developed microporous structure and effectively improves the resource utilization rate of by-products.

[0039] The energy cascade utilization integrated device adopts a multi-branch steam distribution system, dynamically controls steam parameters through a pressure regulating valve, accurately matches the differentiated needs of white carbon black precipitation, evaporation crystallization, and activated carbon activation, solves the problem of mismatch between supply and demand in traditional waste heat utilization, and effectively improves the thermal energy utilization rate;

[0040] Through process chain coupling and energy flow optimization, the long-standing bottleneck of energy waste and resource loss in the field of biomass pyrolysis has been broken through, while providing low-cost steam heat source for downstream processes, providing an innovative paradigm for the industrial application of cogeneration technology. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0042] Figure 1 A block diagram of a bio-based silicon carbon black polygeneration process system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of an integrated device for cascade utilization of energy for the cogeneration of bio-based silicon and carbon black provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] Description of reference numerals:

[0045] 100. Self-heating radiation pyrolysis conversion unit; 110. Self-heating radiation pyrolysis conversion furnace; 120. Cyclone separator; 130. Tar condenser; 200. Energy cascade utilization integrated device; 210. Gas combustion chamber; 220. Waste heat boiler; 230. Steam generator; 240. Steam distribution module; 241. Main distribution pipe; 242. First branch pipe; 243. Second branch pipe; 244. Third branch pipe; 245. Pressure regulating valve; 300. Silicon carbon black processing unit; 310. Alkaline leaching reactor; 320. Filtering device; 330. Screw conveyor; 400. White carbon black preparation unit; 410. Precipitation reactor; 420. Carbon dioxide supply device; 500. Potassium carbonate recovery unit; 510. Evaporation crystallization device; 520. Centrifuge; 600. Activated carbon production unit; 610. Rotary activation furnace; 620. Pickling tank; 630. Dryer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0047] Embodiment 1:

[0048] See also Figure 1 , a bio-based silicon carbon black polygeneration process system, comprising:

[0049] The self-heating radiation pyrolysis conversion unit 100 is used to perform temperature-controlled cracking on the rice husk raw material to generate combustible gas, tar and silicon carbon black. The self-heating radiation pyrolysis conversion unit 100 includes:

[0050] The self-heating radiation pyrolysis conversion furnace 110 is used to control the temperature and crack the rice husk raw material;

[0051] The cyclone separator 120 is connected to the furnace outlet of the self-heating radiation pyrolysis converter 110 through a high-temperature pipeline and is used to separate silicon carbon black and combustible gas;

[0052] A tar condenser 130 connected to a gas outlet of the cyclone separator 120;

[0053] The rice husk raw material is cracked by temperature control (500-600°C) in the self-heating radiation pyrolysis conversion furnace 110, and the volatile matter of the rice husk is burned to release heat (self-heating radiation) to generate combustible gases (CO, H 2 , CH 4 ), tar and silicon carbon black (containing SiO 2 The cyclone separator 120 uses centrifugal force to separate silicon carbon black (particle size ≤ 50 μm) and gaseous products; the tar condenser 130 cools the high-temperature gas to 80-100°C and recovers liquid tar.

[0054] The energy cascade utilization integrated device 200 is connected to the self-heating radiation pyrolysis conversion unit 100, and is used to burn the combustible gas and tar online to generate high-pressure steam, and the high-pressure steam is used for power generation, and the waste heat steam after power generation is used for downstream process production heat to realize energy cascade utilization;

[0055] In the traditional biomass pyrolysis process, combustible gas is directly discharged or inefficiently burned, and the waste heat is not fully utilized. Therefore, in this embodiment, high-pressure steam power generation is performed and the waste heat steam after high-pressure steam power generation is distributed to the downstream process production to maximize energy utilization.

[0056] The silicon carbon black processing unit 300 is connected to the self-heat radiation pyrolysis conversion unit 100, and is used to react silicon carbon black with alkali solution to generate a water glass solution and an alkali leaching filter cake. The silicon carbon black processing unit 300 includes an alkali leaching reactor 310, a filtering device 320 and a screw conveyor 330. The alkali leaching reactor 310 is connected to the solid outlet of the cyclone separator 120 through the screw conveyor 330. The alkali leaching reactor 310 reacts silicon carbon black with alkali solution to generate a water glass solution and an alkali leaching filter cake. The filtering device 320 is used to separate the alkali leaching filter cake.

[0057] Silicon carbon black reacts with KOH solution in the alkali leaching reactor 310 to generate water glass solution (K 2 SiO 3 ) and alkali leached filter cake (unreacted SiO 2 and carbon), the filtration device can use plate and frame filter press to separate the filtrate and filter cake.

[0058] The white carbon black preparation unit 400 is connected to the silicon carbon black treatment unit 300, and is used to introduce carbon dioxide into the water glass solution for precipitation reaction to generate white carbon black, and produce a mother liquor containing potassium bicarbonate. The white carbon black preparation unit 400 includes a precipitation reactor 410 and a carbon dioxide supply device 420. The precipitation reactor 410 receives the water glass solution produced by the silicon carbon black treatment unit 300, and the outlet end of the carbon dioxide supply device 420 is connected to the precipitation reactor 410 and supplies carbon dioxide into the precipitation reactor 410;

[0059] CO is introduced into the water glass solution 2 Gas (pH = 8-9), precipitated to form white carbon black (SiO 2 ·nH 2 O), reaction equation:

[0060] K 2 SiO 2 +CO 2 +H 2 O→SiO 2 ·nH 2 O↓+K 2 CO 3 ;

[0061] Among them, the mother liquor contains K 2 CO 3 , which can be used for potassium recovery.

[0062] The potassium carbonate recovery unit 500 is connected to the white carbon black preparation unit 400 and is used to evaporate and crystallize the mother liquor to produce potassium carbonate. The potassium carbonate recovery unit 500 includes an evaporation and crystallization device 510 and a centrifuge 520. The evaporation and crystallization device 510 receives the potassium bicarbonate-containing mother liquor produced by the white carbon black preparation unit 400. After the mother liquor is evaporated and crystallized by the evaporation and crystallization device 510, it enters the centrifuge 520 for separation to obtain potassium carbonate.

[0063] Specifically, the mother liquor is concentrated by the evaporation crystallization device 510, cooled and crystallized, and separated by the centrifuge 520 to obtain K 2 CO 3 Crystals: Traditional direct discharge of mother liquor leads to waste of potassium resources, while closed-loop circulation can achieve full recovery of potassium elements.

[0064] The activated carbon production unit 600 is connected to the silicon carbon black processing unit 300 and is used to activate the alkali leached filter cake to produce activated carbon. The activated carbon production unit 600 includes a rotary activation furnace 610, a pickling tank 620 and a dryer 630. The pickling tank 620 receives the alkali leached filter cake produced by the silicon carbon black processing unit 300. After the alkali leached filter cake is neutralized by pickling, it enters the rotary activation furnace 610 for activation and rinsing, and finally is dried by the dryer 630 to produce activated carbon.

[0065] Specifically, after the alkali leached filter cake is acid-washed (HCl is used to neutralize the residual alkali solution), it is steam-activated in a rotary activation furnace 610 to generate activated carbon with developed micropores, and the byproduct alkali leached filter cake is treated with silicon carbon black to obtain activated carbon.

[0066] Among them, the energy ladder utilizes the waste heat steam output by the integrated device 200 to be recycled for precipitation reaction heating of the white carbon preparation unit 300, evaporation crystallization heating of the potassium carbonate recovery unit 500, and activation treatment heating of the activated carbon production unit 600.

[0067] Embodiment 2:

[0068] See also Figure 2 , an integrated device for energy cascade utilization of bio-based silicon carbon black polygeneration, suitable for the above-mentioned bio-based silicon carbon black polygeneration process system, comprising:

[0069] Gas combustion chamber 210, waste heat boiler 220, steam generator 230 and steam distribution module 240;

[0070] The gas combustion chamber 210 has an air inlet connected to the combustible gas outlet of the self-heating radiation pyrolysis conversion unit 100 through a combustible gas pipeline. A tar atomizing injector is provided in the gas combustion chamber 210. The tar atomizing injector can adopt a dual-fluid nozzle design to atomize the tar to a particle size of ≤100 μm using compressed air to ensure that the tar is in contact with the combustible gas (CO, H 2 , CH 4 ) Mix thoroughly;

[0071] The waste heat boiler 220 is connected to the flue gas outlet of the gas combustion chamber 210. The waste heat boiler 220 can adopt a double-drum natural circulation design, and the flue gas flow is divided into a high temperature section (900-700°C) and a low temperature section (700-200°C);

[0072] The steam generator set 230 is connected to the steam outlet of the waste heat boiler 220 via a high-pressure steam pipe;

[0073] The steam distribution module 240 includes a main distribution pipe 241, a first branch pipe 242, a second branch pipe 243 and a third branch pipe 244. The main distribution pipe 241 is connected to the exhaust port of the generator set 230. One end of the first branch pipe 242, the second branch pipe 243 and the third branch pipe 244 are all connected to the main distribution pipe 241. The first branch pipe 242, the second branch pipe 243 and the third branch pipe 244 are all provided with a pressure regulating valve 245.

[0074] The other end of the first branch pipe 242 is connected to the jacket heating chamber of the white carbon black precipitation reactor 410;

[0075] The other end of the second branch pipe 243 is connected to the heating chamber of the evaporation crystallization device 510;

[0076] The other end of the third branch pipe 244 is connected to the steam nozzle of the rotary activation furnace 610 .

[0077] Specifically, the combustible gas and tar are mixed and burned to release high-temperature flue gas, and the flue gas is heat-exchanged to generate high-pressure steam to drive the generator set 230. The waste heat steam discharged by the generator set 230 is dynamically distributed by the overpressure regulating valve 245 to:

[0078] White carbon black precipitation reactor (maintaining a constant temperature of 90°C);

[0079] Evaporation crystallization device (provides 110℃ evaporation heat);

[0080] Rotary activation furnace (850℃ steam activation).

[0081] A total pressure gauge may also be provided on the main distribution pipe 241 to monitor the exhaust pressure of the generator set 230, and the opening of each branch pressure regulating valve 245 may be controlled by a PID algorithm, for example:

[0082] When the white carbon precipitation reactor 410 needs to maintain 90°C, the pressure of the first branch pipe 242 is set to 0.9 MPa;

[0083] When the evaporation crystallization device 510 requires 110°C evaporation heat, the pressure of the second branch pipe 243 is adjusted to 1.1 MPa;

[0084] When the rotary activation furnace 610 needs 850° C. steam activation, the pressure of the third branch pipe 244 is set to 1.2 MPa.

[0085] It effectively solves the problem of single traditional waste heat utilization method and mismatch between steam supply and demand; this device can realize precise distribution of steam on demand through multi-branch pressure control.

[0086] Embodiment three:

[0087] A bio-based silicon-carbon black polygeneration and energy cascade utilization method, applicable to the above-mentioned bio-based silicon-carbon black polygeneration energy cascade utilization integrated device, comprises the following steps:

[0088] S1. Self-heating radiation temperature-controlled cracking: The rice husk raw material is subjected to self-heating radiation temperature-controlled cracking to generate combustible gas, tar and silicon carbon black;

[0089] S2. Cascade utilization of energy: The combustible gas and tar generated in step S1 are burned online to drive the gas boiler to generate high-pressure steam, which is then used to generate electricity through a steam generator; the low-pressure waste heat steam after power generation is transported to the downstream potassium carbonate recovery process, white carbon black precipitation reaction, and activated carbon activation process as a heat source to achieve cascade utilization of heat energy;

[0090] Specifically, the high-pressure steam can be used to drive the steam generator;

[0091] Low pressure waste heat steam:

[0092] 30% is transported to the potassium carbonate crystallization kettle (S5) as a heat source;

[0093] 40% is supplied to the temperature control of the white carbon black precipitation reaction tank (S4);

[0094] 30% is used for preheating the activated carbon activation furnace (S6).

[0095] S3, silicon carbon black treatment: reacting the silicon carbon black generated in step S1 with alkali solution to separate and obtain a water glass solution and an alkali leached filter cake;

[0096] S4, preparation of white carbon black: introducing carbon dioxide into the water glass solution of step S3 for precipitation reaction to generate white carbon black and produce a mother liquor containing potassium bicarbonate;

[0097] S5, potassium carbonate recovery: evaporating and crystallizing the mother liquor of step S4 to separate and produce potassium carbonate;

[0098] S6. Production of activated carbon: Activate the alkali leached filter cake from step S3, and obtain activated carbon by rinsing and drying.

[0099] In the description of the present invention, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. "Multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0100] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0101] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" or "above" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0102] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example" or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, unless they are contradictory.

[0103] In the drawings of the embodiments disclosed in the present invention, only the structures related to the embodiments disclosed in the present invention are involved, and other structures can refer to the general design. In the absence of conflict, the same embodiment and different embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0104] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or to make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bio-based silicon carbon black polygeneration process system, characterized in that: include: The self-heating radiation pyrolysis conversion unit (100) is used to control the temperature and crack the rice husk raw material to generate combustible gas, tar and silicon carbon black; An energy cascade utilization integrated device (200) is connected to the self-heating radiation pyrolysis conversion unit (100) and is used to burn combustible gas and tar online to generate high-pressure steam, the high-pressure steam is used for power generation, and the waste heat steam after power generation is used for downstream process production heat to achieve energy cascade utilization; A silicon carbon black processing unit (300) is connected to the self-heat radiation pyrolysis conversion unit (100) and is used to react silicon carbon black with alkali solution to generate a water glass solution and an alkali leached filter cake; A white carbon black preparation unit (400) is connected to the silicon carbon black treatment unit (300) and is used to introduce carbon dioxide into the water glass solution for precipitation reaction to generate white carbon black and produce a mother liquor containing potassium bicarbonate; A potassium carbonate recovery unit (500) is connected to the white carbon black preparation unit (400) and is used to evaporate and crystallize the mother liquor to produce potassium carbonate; An activated carbon production unit (600) is connected to the silicon carbon black processing unit (300) and is used to activate the alkali leached filter cake to produce activated carbon; The energy ladder utilizes the waste heat steam output by the integrated device (200) to be recycled for precipitation reaction heating of the white carbon preparation unit (300), evaporation crystallization heating of the potassium carbonate recovery unit (500), and activation treatment heating of the activated carbon production unit (600).

2. A bio-based silicon carbon black polygeneration process system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The self-heating radiation pyrolysis conversion unit (100) comprises: A self-heating radiation pyrolysis conversion furnace (110) is used to control the temperature and crack the rice husk raw material; A cyclone separator (120) is connected to the furnace outlet of the self-heating radiation pyrolysis conversion furnace (110) through a high-temperature pipeline and is used to separate silicon carbon black from combustible gas; The tar condenser (130) is connected to the gas outlet of the cyclone separator (120).

3. A bio-based silicon carbon black polygeneration process system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The silicon carbon black processing unit (300) comprises an alkali leaching reactor (310), a filtering device (320) and a screw conveyor (330). The alkali leaching reactor (310) is connected to the solid outlet of the cyclone separator (120) via the screw conveyor (330). The alkali leaching reactor (310) reacts silicon carbon black with alkali solution to generate a water glass solution and an alkali leaching filter cake. The filtering device (320) is used to separate the alkali leaching filter cake.

4. A bio-based silicon carbon black polygeneration process system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The white carbon black preparation unit (400) includes a precipitation reactor (410) and a carbon dioxide supply device (420). The precipitation reactor (410) receives the water glass solution produced by the silicon carbon black processing unit (300). The outlet end of the carbon dioxide supply device (420) is connected to the precipitation reactor (410) and supplies carbon dioxide into the precipitation reactor (410).

5. A bio-based silicon carbon black polygeneration process system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The activated carbon production unit (600) includes a rotary activation furnace (610), a pickling tank (620) and a dryer (630). The pickling tank (620) receives the alkaline leached filter cake produced by the silicon carbon black processing unit (300). After the alkaline leached filter cake is neutralized by pickling, it enters the rotary activation furnace (610) for activation and rinsing, and finally is dried in the dryer (630) to obtain activated carbon.

6. A bio-based silicon carbon black polygeneration process system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The potassium carbonate recovery unit (500) comprises an evaporation crystallization device (510) and a centrifuge (520). The evaporation crystallization device (510) receives the potassium bicarbonate-containing mother liquor produced by the white carbon black preparation unit (400). After the mother liquor is evaporated and crystallized by the evaporation crystallization device (510), it enters the centrifuge (520) to separate and obtain potassium carbonate.

7. An integrated device for cascade utilization of energy for the co-production of bio-based silicon-carbon black, applicable to the bio-based silicon-carbon black co-production process system according to claim 6, characterized in that: include: A gas combustion chamber (210), a waste heat boiler (220), a steam generator (230) and a steam distribution module (240); A gas combustion chamber (210), the gas inlet of which is connected to the combustible gas outlet of the self-heating radiation pyrolysis conversion unit (100) through a combustible gas pipeline, and a tar atomizing injector is provided in the gas combustion chamber (210); A waste heat boiler (220) is connected to the flue gas outlet of the gas combustion chamber (210); A steam generator set (230) is connected to a steam outlet of a waste heat boiler (220) via a high-pressure steam pipe; A steam distribution module (240) comprises a main distribution pipe (241), a first branch pipe (242), a second branch pipe (243) and a third branch pipe (244), wherein the main distribution pipe (241) is connected to the exhaust port of the generator set (230), one end of the first branch pipe (242), the second branch pipe (243) and the third branch pipe (244) are all connected to the main distribution pipe (241), and pressure regulating valves (245) are provided on the first branch pipe (242), the second branch pipe (243) and the third branch pipe (244); The other end of the first branch pipe (242) is connected to the jacket heating chamber of the white carbon black precipitation reactor (410); The other end of the second branch pipe (243) is connected to the heating chamber of the evaporation crystallization device (510); The other end of the third branch pipe (244) is connected to the steam nozzle of the rotary activation furnace (610).

8. A bio-based silicon carbon black polygeneration and energy cascade utilization method, characterized in that: The integrated energy cascade utilization device for the cogeneration of bio-based silicon and carbon black as described in claim 7 above comprises the following steps: S1. Self-heating radiation temperature-controlled cracking: The rice husk raw material is subjected to self-heating radiation temperature-controlled cracking to generate combustible gas, tar and silicon carbon black; S2. Cascade utilization of energy: the combustible gas and tar generated in step S1 are burned online to drive the gas boiler to generate high-pressure steam, and the high-pressure steam is used to generate electricity through a steam generator; the low-pressure waste heat steam after power generation is transported to the downstream potassium carbonate recovery process, white carbon black precipitation reaction and activated carbon activation process as a heat source to achieve cascade utilization of heat energy; S3, silicon carbon black treatment: reacting the silicon carbon black generated in step S1 with alkali solution to separate and obtain a water glass solution and an alkali leached filter cake; S4, preparation of white carbon black: introducing carbon dioxide into the water glass solution of step S3 for precipitation reaction to generate white carbon black and produce a mother liquor containing potassium bicarbonate; S5, potassium carbonate recovery: evaporating and crystallizing the mother liquor of step S4 to separate and produce potassium carbonate; S6. Production of activated carbon: Activate the alkali leached filter cake from step S3, and obtain activated carbon by rinsing and drying.

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