Elevator bushing anti-falling structure and hydraulic elevator

Abstract

The invention discloses an elevator bushing anti-falling structure and a hydraulic elevator, and belongs to the technical field of petroleum drilling, the elevator bushing anti-falling structure comprises an elevator body and a bushing, a drill column is clamped in the bushing, and the elevator bushing anti-falling structure further comprises a bushing blocking mechanism which is mounted on the elevator body, is used for limiting the bushing and comprises a lock cap and a lock rod; the drill string lowering speed adjusting system is used for adjusting the drill string lowering speed and comprises a data acquisition module used for acquiring and detecting the state data of the drill string and the lock rod, the drill string lowering speed and the impact load; the data processing module is used for analyzing the data acquired by the data acquisition module so as to evaluate the safety state of the lock rod; the speed adjusting module is used for adjusting the lowering speed of the drill column according to the safety state, output by the data processing module, of the lock rod; the problem that the bushing falls off can be solved, and the lock rod is prevented from being broken by adjusting the lowering speed of the drill column.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of oil drilling, and in particular relates to an elevator bushing anti-falling structure and a hydraulic elevator. Background Art

[0002] Elevators are essential tools for oil drilling operations. When carrying out drilling operations, elevators must be used to lift and lower the pipe string. During the process of drilling, the bushing in the elevator is used to clamp the drill string. Due to the large force during the drilling process, the existing bushing fixing structure has the risk of the bushing falling off, and the locking rod used to clamp the bushing during the lowering of the drill string has the risk of breaking. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides an elevator bushing anti-falling structure and a hydraulic elevator to solve the above problems.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: an elevator bushing anti-drop structure and a hydraulic elevator, comprising an elevator body and a bushing, wherein the bushing is mounted on the elevator body through a pin, and a drill string is clamped inside the bushing, and further comprising: The bushing blocking mechanism is installed on the elevator body and is used for limiting the position of the bushing. It includes a locking cap and a locking rod. One end of the locking cap is embedded in a slideway provided on the elevator body and is threadedly connected to the elevator body. The locking rod passes through the locking cap and is slidably matched with the locking cap. It also includes: a drill string lowering speed adjustment system, which is used to adjust the drill string lowering speed, including: A data acquisition module is used to collect and detect the status data of the drill string and the locking rod, the lowering speed of the drill string, and the impact load. The status data includes the temperature of the locking rod, the pressing force and friction between the locking rod and the drill string; A data processing module analyzes the data acquired by the data acquisition module and then evaluates and processes the safety status of the locking rod; The speed adjustment module adjusts the lowering speed of the drill string according to the safety status of the locking rod output by the data processing module.

[0005] On the basis of the above technical solution, the present invention also provides the following optional technical solution: Further technical solution: The specific processing method of the data processing module is: S101, obtaining the clamping force information of the locking rod on the bushing, the friction force information between the locking rod and the bushing, and the lowering speed information of the drill string, and importing them into the real-time force model constructed in advance after dimensionless processing, so as to obtain the real-time total stress of the locking rod. The real-time force model is expressed as: in, represents the real-time total stress, is the influence coefficient of velocity on stress, is the influence coefficient of temperature on stress, is the static stress information superimposed with the dynamic load stress, is the current drill string lowering speed information, Indicates the cross-sectional area of ​​the end of the locking rod that contacts the bushing. Indicates the clamping force information. Represents friction information, Indicates the contact area information between the locking rod and the bushing; The static stress information includes the superposition of dynamic stress generated by the impact load, which reflects the risk of transient impact on the instantaneous overload of the locking rod. The expression of the static stress information is: in, is the static stress information superimposed with the dynamic load stress, Indicates the cross-sectional area of ​​the end of the locking rod that contacts the bushing. Indicates the clamping force information. Represents friction information, Indicates the contact area between the locking rod and the bushing. Indicates impact load; S102, constructing a lock rod stress-temperature model according to the current temperature information of the lock rod and the allowable stress of the lock rod, and importing the allowable stress at the reference temperature, the current temperature information, and the reference temperature information into the constructed lock rod stress-temperature model to obtain the allowable stress of the lock rod at the current temperature. The lock rod stress-temperature model is expressed as: in, Indicates the allowable stress of the locking rod at the current temperature, Indicates reference temperature Allowable stress of the locking rod under represents the temperature influence coefficient, Indicates the current temperature. Indicates the reference temperature; S103, comparing the obtained real-time total stress of the locking rod with the allowable stress of the locking rod at the current temperature. If the real-time total stress of the locking rod is less than the allowable stress of the locking rod, it indicates that the locking rod is in a safe state, and the lowering speed of the drill string is maintained or increased. If the real-time total stress of the locking rod is greater than or equal to the allowable stress of the locking rod, it indicates that the locking rod is in a dangerous state, and the lowering speed of the drill string is reduced until the real-time total stress of the locking rod is less than the allowable stress of the locking rod.

[0006] Further technical solution: The specific processing method of the speed regulation module is: If the lock rod is in a safe state, the current lowering speed is imported into the constructed first speed adjustment model according to the demand to obtain the first target speed. , ,in, is the current lowering speed, is the speed increment, is the target speed; If the locking rod is in a dangerous state, the current lowering speed is imported into the constructed second speed adjustment model to obtain the second target speed. , the expression of the second speed regulation model is: in, represents the second target speed, Indicates the current lowering speed. represents the adjustment coefficient, , represents the real-time total stress of the locking rod, Indicates the allowable stress of the locking rod at the current temperature.

[0007] Further technical solution: the bushing is embedded in the elevator body, and the elevator body is provided with a pin hole for matching with the pin.

[0008] Further technical solution: The clamping force is the static pressure of the locking rod on the bushing, which is usually determined by the preload force of the locking rod. The calculation formula is: , is the stiffness coefficient of the locking rod, is the compression displacement of the locking rod.

[0009] Further technical solution: The friction force is the resistance between the locking rod and the contact surface of the bushing, and the calculation formula is: , is the friction coefficient between the locking rod and the bushing.

[0010] Further technical solution: The impact load is calculated based on the acceleration of the drill string and the mass of the drill string, and the calculation formula is: , represents the impact load, Indicates the quality of the drill string. Indicates drill string acceleration information.

[0011] Further technical solution: A lock chain is installed on the lock rod, and an elastic member is sleeved on the lock rod, and two ends of the elastic member respectively correspond to the inner step surface of the lock rod and the inner side surface of the lock cap.

[0012] Beneficial Effects The present invention provides an elevator bushing anti-falling structure and a hydraulic elevator, which have the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art: In the present invention, the bushing is installed on the elevator body through a pin shaft, and the bushing blocking mechanism is used to prevent the bushing from accidentally falling off during the use of the elevator. The locking cap in the bushing blocking mechanism is threaded and connected with the elevator body. When the bushing needs to be installed or removed, the pin is pulled out, the lock chain is pulled, and the lock rod moves outward. At this time, the bushing can be pressed on or removed. After the lock chain is released, the lock rod returns to its original position, blocking the bushing from moving up and down, and preventing the bushing from falling off the pin shaft. The real-time force model integrates static clamping force, friction force, impact load and temperature-speed influence coefficient to accurately calculate the total stress of the locking rod, capture transient overload risks (such as the dynamic superposition effect of impact loads), and avoid breakage of the locking rod due to transient overload. At the same time, a temperature compensation mechanism is set up to dynamically adjust the allowable stress threshold based on the stress-temperature model to solve the problem of misjudgment caused by the decrease in material strength in high temperature environments and ensure the accuracy of risk assessment. At the same time, dual criteria trigger control is adopted to quickly identify the dangerous state of the locking rod through real-time comparison of the real-time total stress and the temperature-corrected allowable stress, and trigger the speed reduction command in time to significantly reduce the risk of equipment damage. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention.

[0014] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the core-buffering blocking mechanism of the present invention.

[0015] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the locking rod structure of the present invention.

[0016] Notes on the accompanying drawings: 1. Elevator body; 2. Bushing; 3. Drill column; 4. Pin hole; 5. Pin; 6. Bushing blocking mechanism; 601. Lock cap; 602. Lock rod; 603. Elastic member; 604. Nut; 605. Nut stopper; 606. Pin; 607. Chain; 608. Pressure sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0018] The specific implementation of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0019] See also Figures 1 to 3, provided in one embodiment of the present invention, is an elevator bushing anti-drop structure and a hydraulic elevator, comprising an elevator body 1 and a bushing 2, wherein the bushing 2 is embedded in the elevator body 1, the bushing 2 is mounted on the elevator body 1 through a pin 5, the elevator body 1 is provided with a pin hole 4 for matching the pin 5, a drill string 3 is clamped in the bushing 2, and further comprising: The bushing blocking mechanism 6 is installed on the elevator body 1 and is used to limit the bushing 2. It includes a locking cap 601 and a locking rod 602. One end of the locking cap 601 is embedded in a slideway (not shown) provided on the elevator body 1 and is threadedly connected to the elevator body 1. The locking rod 602 penetrates the locking cap 601 and is slidably matched with the locking cap 601. The other end of the locking cap 601 is sequentially installed with a nut 604 and a nut stopper 605. The nut 604 is threadedly fixedly connected to the locking cap 601. The female stopper 605 is embedded in a slot (not shown in the figure) provided on the elevator body 1. The locking rod 602 is detachably installed on the locking cap 601 through a pin 606. The locking cap 601 and the locking rod 602 are provided with a pin hole (not shown in the figure) for the pin 606 to pass through. A lock chain 607 is installed on the locking rod 602. An elastic member 603 is sleeved on the locking rod 602. The two ends of the elastic member 603 respectively contact the inner step surface of the locking rod 602 and the inner side surface of the locking cap 601. In the embodiment of the present invention, the bushing 2 is installed on the elevator body 1 through the pin 5. The bushing blocking mechanism 6 is used to prevent the bushing 2 from accidentally falling off during the use of the elevator. The locking cap 601 in the bushing blocking mechanism 6 is threaded and connected with the elevator body. When the bushing 2 needs to be installed or removed, the pin 606 is pulled out and the lock chain 607 is pulled, and the locking rod 602 moves outward. At this time, the bushing 2 can be pressed on or removed. After the lock chain is released, the locking rod 602 returns to its original position to block the bushing 2 from moving up and down, thereby preventing the bushing from falling off the pin.

[0020] As an embodiment of the present invention, in oil drilling operations, the locking rod 602 in the core-buffering blocking mechanism 6 is prone to breakage due to the impact load (the impact load is a dynamic load generated by vibration, acceleration or sudden stop of the drill string 3 during the lowering process, and the impact load described in the embodiment of the present invention is an impact load generated by acceleration or sudden stop), compression force and friction force when the drill string 3 is lowered, especially when the temperature has a great influence on the material properties. The faster the drill string 3 is lowered, the greater the impact load is, and the higher the total stress of the locking rod 602 is. The slower the drill string 3 is lowered, the smaller the impact load is, and the lower the total stress of the locking rod 602 is. Therefore, the drill string 3 lowering speed adjustment model constructed based on the impact load, lowering speed, compression force, friction force and temperature of the locking rod 602 when the drill string 3 is lowered can control the speed of the drill string 3 in real time, reduce the risk of breakage of the locking rod 602, increase its service life, and improve the drilling operation efficiency.

[0021] It also includes: a drill string lowering speed adjustment system, which is used to adjust the lowering speed of the drill string 3, including: A data acquisition module is used to collect and detect the status data of the drill string and the locking rod 602, the lowering speed of the drill string 3, and the impact load. The status data includes the temperature of the locking rod 602, the pressing force and friction between the locking rod 602 and the drill string; A data processing module, which analyzes the data acquired by the data acquisition module and then evaluates and processes the safety status of the locking rod 602; The speed regulating module regulates the lowering speed of the drill string 3 according to the safety status of the locking rod 602 output by the data processing module.

[0022] The specific processing method of the data processing module is: S101, obtaining the clamping force information of the locking rod 602 on the bushing 2, the friction force information between the locking rod 602 and the bushing 2, and the lowering speed information of the drill string 3, and importing them into the real-time force model constructed in advance, and then obtaining the real-time total stress of the locking rod 602. The real-time force model is expressed as: in, represents the real-time total stress, is the influence coefficient of speed on stress (indicates that for every increase of 1 unit (such as 1 m / s) in the lowering speed of the drill string, the total stress of the lock rod ), is the influence coefficient of temperature on stress (indicates that for every 1°C increase in temperature, the total stress of the lock rod ), is the static stress information superimposed with the dynamic load stress, is the current drill string lowering speed information, Indicates the cross-sectional area of ​​the end of the locking rod that contacts the bushing. Indicates the clamping force information. Represents friction information, Indicates the contact area between the locking rod and the bushing. , ; The static stress information includes the superposition of dynamic stress generated by the impact load, which reflects the risk of transient impact on the instantaneous overload of the locking rod. The expression of the static stress information is: in, is the static stress information superimposed with the dynamic load stress, Indicates the cross-sectional area of ​​the end of the locking rod that contacts the bushing. Indicates the clamping force information. Represents friction information, Indicates the contact area between the locking rod and the bushing. Indicates impact load; The clamping force is the static pressure of the locking rod on the bushing 2, which is usually determined by the preload force of the locking rod 602, and is calculated as follows: , is the stiffness coefficient of the locking rod 602, is the compression displacement of the locking rod 602; The friction force is the resistance between the contact surface of the locking rod 602 and the bushing 2, and the calculation formula is: , is the friction coefficient between the locking rod 602 and the bushing 2; The impact load is calculated based on the acceleration of the drill string 3 and the mass of the drill string, and the calculation formula is: , represents the impact load, Indicates the quality of drill string 3, Indicates the acceleration information of drill string 3; S102, construct a lock rod stress-temperature model based on the current temperature information of the lock rod 602 (the higher the temperature, the lower the allowable stress of the lock rod 602, and the higher the fracture risk), and the allowable stress at the reference temperature, the current temperature information, and the reference temperature information into the constructed lock rod stress-temperature model to obtain the allowable stress of the lock rod at the current temperature. The lock rod stress-temperature model is expressed as: in, Indicates the allowable stress of the locking rod at the current temperature, Indicates reference temperature Allowable stress of the locking rod under Indicates the temperature influence coefficient (the degree of influence of reaction temperature on allowable stress, indicating the proportion of material allowable stress decrease for every 1°C increase in temperature (in units of ),For example , then for every 1°C increase in temperature, the allowable stress decreases by 0.2%) Indicates the current temperature. Indicates the reference temperature (usually room temperature, such as 20 degrees Celsius); S103, comparing the obtained real-time total stress of the locking rod with the allowable stress of the locking rod at the current temperature. If the real-time total stress of the locking rod is less than the allowable stress of the locking rod, it indicates that the locking rod 602 is in a safe state, and the lowering speed of the drill string 3 is maintained or increased. If the real-time total stress of the locking rod is greater than or equal to the allowable stress of the locking rod, it indicates that the locking rod is in a dangerous state, and the lowering speed of the drill string 3 is reduced until the real-time total stress of the locking rod is less than the allowable stress of the locking rod. The specific processing method of the speed regulation module is: If the lock rod 602 is in a safe state, the current lowering speed can be imported into the constructed first speed adjustment model to obtain the first target speed. , ,in, is the current lowering speed, is the speed increment, is the target speed, ; If the locking rod 602 is in a dangerous state, the current lowering speed is imported into the constructed second speed adjustment model to obtain the second target speed , the expression of the second speed regulation model is: in, represents the second target speed, Indicates the current lowering speed. Indicates the adjustment coefficient (the adjustment range of the drill string lowering speed when the locking rod stress exceeds the limit, The larger the value, the greater the speed reduction. The smaller the speed, the smaller the speed reduction. It can be initially set based on the average value of previous data. Specific value), , represents the real-time total stress of the locking rod, Indicates the allowable stress of the locking rod at the current temperature.

[0023] As an embodiment of the present invention, the data acquisition module includes: A velocity acquisition unit, used to detect the acceleration and velocity of the drill string 3, including an acceleration sensor and a velocity sensor installed on the drill string 3; The clamping force acquisition unit is used to detect the clamping force of the drill string, and includes a pressure sensor 608 installed on the locking rod 602. The pressure sensor 608 is located between the two sections of the locking rod 602 and its two ends are fixedly connected to the two sections of the locking rod 602.

[0024] In the embodiment of the present invention, the real-time force model is used to comprehensively consider the static clamping force, friction force, impact load and temperature-speed influence coefficient, accurately calculate the total stress of the lock rod, capture the transient overload risk (such as the dynamic superposition effect of the impact load), and avoid the lock rod from breaking due to transient overload. At the same time, a temperature compensation mechanism is set up to dynamically adjust the allowable stress threshold based on the stress-temperature model to solve the misjudgment problem caused by the decrease in material strength in a high temperature environment and ensure the accuracy of risk assessment. At the same time, dual criterion trigger control is adopted to quickly identify the dangerous state of the lock rod through real-time comparison of the real-time total stress and the temperature-corrected allowable stress, and timely trigger the speed reduction command, which significantly reduces the risk of equipment damage. It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0025] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An elevator bushing anti-drop structure and a hydraulic elevator, comprising an elevator body (1) and a bushing (2), wherein the bushing (2) is mounted on the elevator body (1) via a pin (5), and a drill string (3) is clamped inside the bushing (2), characterized in that: Also includes: A bushing blocking mechanism (6) is mounted on the elevator body (1) and is used to limit the position of the bushing (2), comprising a locking cap (601) and a locking rod (602), one end of the locking cap (601) being embedded in a slideway provided on the elevator body (1) and being threadedly connected to the elevator body (1), and the locking rod (602) passing through the locking cap (601) and being slidably matched with the locking cap (601); It also includes: a drill string lowering speed adjustment system, which is used to adjust the lowering speed of the drill string (3), including: A data acquisition module, used to collect and detect status data of the drill string and the locking rod (602), the lowering speed of the drill string (3), and the impact load, wherein the status data includes the temperature of the locking rod (602), the pressing force and the friction force between the locking rod (602) and the drill string; A data processing module, which analyzes the data acquired by the data acquisition module and then evaluates the safety status of the locking rod (602); The speed regulating module regulates the lowering speed of the drill string (3) according to the safety status of the locking rod (602) output by the data processing module.

2. The elevator bushing anti-falling structure and hydraulic elevator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data acquisition module comprises: A velocity acquisition unit, used for detecting the acceleration and velocity of the drill string (3), comprising an acceleration sensor and a velocity sensor installed on the drill string (3); The clamping force acquisition unit is used to detect the clamping force of the drill string, and comprises a pressure sensor (608) installed on the locking rod (602). The pressure sensor (608) is located between the two sections of the locking rod (602) and its two ends are fixedly connected to the two sections of the locking rod (602).

3. The elevator bushing anti-falling structure and hydraulic elevator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The specific processing method of the data processing module is: S101, obtaining information on the clamping force of the locking rod (602) on the bushing (2), information on the friction force between the locking rod (602) and the bushing (2), and information on the lowering speed of the drill string (3), and importing them into a real-time force model constructed in advance after dimensionless processing, thereby obtaining the real-time total stress of the locking rod (602), and the real-time force model is expressed as: in, represents the real-time total stress, is the influence coefficient of velocity on stress, is the influence coefficient of temperature on stress, is the static stress information superimposed with the dynamic load stress, is the current drill string lowering speed information, Indicates the cross-sectional area of ​​the end of the locking rod that contacts the bushing. Indicates the clamping force information. Represents friction information, Indicates the contact area information between the locking rod and the bushing; The static stress information includes the superposition of dynamic stress generated by the impact load, which reflects the risk of transient impact on the instantaneous overload of the locking rod. The expression of the static stress information is: in, is the static stress information superimposed with the dynamic load stress, Indicates the cross-sectional area of ​​the end of the locking rod that contacts the bushing. Indicates the clamping force information. Represents friction information, Indicates the contact area information between the locking rod and the bushing; S102, constructing a lock rod stress-temperature model according to the current temperature information of the lock rod and the allowable stress of the lock rod (602), and importing the allowable stress at the reference temperature, the current temperature information, and the reference temperature information into the constructed lock rod stress-temperature model to obtain the allowable stress of the lock rod at the current temperature. The lock rod stress-temperature model is expressed as: in, Indicates the allowable stress of the locking rod at the current temperature, Indicates reference temperature Allowable stress of the locking rod under represents the temperature influence coefficient, Indicates the current temperature. Indicates the reference temperature; S103, comparing the obtained real-time total stress of the locking rod with the allowable stress of the locking rod at the current temperature; if the real-time total stress of the locking rod is less than the allowable stress of the locking rod, it indicates that the locking rod (602) is in a safe state, and the lowering speed of the drill string (3) is maintained or increased; if the real-time total stress of the locking rod is greater than or equal to the allowable stress of the locking rod, it indicates that the locking rod is in a dangerous state, and the lowering speed of the drill string (3) is reduced until the real-time total stress of the locking rod is less than the allowable stress of the locking rod.

4. The elevator bushing anti-falling structure and hydraulic elevator according to claim 3, characterized in that: The specific processing method of the speed regulation module is: If the lock rod (602) is in a safe state, the current lowering speed is selectively imported into the constructed first speed adjustment model to obtain the first target speed. , , is the current lowering speed, is the speed increment, is the target speed; If the locking rod (602) is in a dangerous state, the current lowering speed is introduced into the constructed second speed adjustment model to obtain the second target speed. , the expression of the second speed regulation model is: in, represents the second target speed, Indicates the current lowering speed. represents the adjustment coefficient, , represents the real-time total stress of the locking rod, Indicates the allowable stress of the locking rod at the current temperature.

5. The elevator bushing anti-falling structure and hydraulic elevator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bushing (2) is embedded in the elevator body (1), and the elevator body (1) is provided with a pin hole (4) for cooperating with a pin (5).

6. The elevator bushing anti-falling structure and hydraulic elevator according to claim 2, characterized in that: The clamping force is the static pressure of the locking rod on the bushing (2), which is usually determined by the preload force of the locking rod (602) and is calculated as follows: , is the stiffness coefficient of the locking rod (602), is the compression displacement of the locking rod (602).

7. The elevator bushing anti-falling structure and hydraulic elevator according to claim 5, characterized in that: The friction force is the resistance between the contact surface of the locking rod (602) and the bushing (2), and is calculated as follows: , is the friction coefficient between the locking rod (602) and the bushing (2).

8. The elevator bushing anti-falling structure and hydraulic elevator according to claim 2, characterized in that: The impact load is calculated based on the acceleration of the drill string (3) and the mass of the drill string, and the calculation formula is: , represents the impact load, represents the mass of the drill string (3), Indicates the acceleration information of the drill string (3).

9. According to the elevator bushing anti-falling structure and hydraulic elevator according to claim 1, a lock chain (607) is installed on the locking rod (602), an elastic member (603) is sleeved on the locking rod (602), and two ends of the elastic member (603) respectively correspond to the inner step surface of the locking rod (602) and the inner side surface of the locking cap (601).

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