Radiation structure, quantum sensing system, radiation assembly and quantum sensing measurement method

Abstract

The invention discloses a radiation structure, a quantum sensing system, a radiation assembly and a quantum sensing measurement method, and the radiation structure comprises a feed part which is suitable for sleeving the outer side of an objective lens and is covered with a microstrip line, and the microstrip line can generate a magnetic field; the coupling piece is suitable for being arranged at the top of the objective lens in the thickness direction of the radiation structure, the coupling piece comprises a first coupling piece body and a second coupling piece body, the first coupling piece body and the second coupling piece body jointly define a plurality of arc-shaped gaps arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction and jointly define a light hole, and the light hole is suitable for being arranged corresponding to the NV color center; and microwaves radiated by the coupling piece are used for exciting NV color center electron spin transition. Therefore, by arranging the feed piece on the outer side of the objective lens in a sleeving mode, the thickness of the radiation structure located between the objective lens and the bearing piece can be small (equal to or even smaller than 0.1 mm), the requirement for the freedom degree of distance adjustment between the objective lens and the bearing piece can be met, and a clear view can be found conveniently; a plurality of arc-shaped gaps which are distributed at intervals in the circumferential direction are defined by the coupling piece, and the coupling piece can form a strong alternating magnetic field under the influence of a magnetic field so as to provide microwave power meeting requirements.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of quantum sensing technology, and in particular to a radiation structure, a quantum sensing system, a radiation component and a quantum sensing measurement method. Background Art

[0002] In the related technology, by combining the spin characteristics of NV color centers with the optical detection magnetic resonance (ODMR) technology, fluorescence imaging and measurement can be achieved in biological cells or other organisms. The fluorescence intensity of the NV color center is adjusted by alternating microwave radiation, while the background fluorescence of the fluorescent nanodiamond (FND) remains constant. Based on the above-mentioned microwave modulation technology combined with the phase-locked amplification technology, the background autofluorescence signal is effectively removed, which is beneficial to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the FND fluorescence signal and improve the contrast of the fluorescence signal.

[0003] The microwave radiation structure is used to provide a modulated microwave field of a resonant frequency for the FND in the biological sample. The reason why the existing technology can only set the microwave radiation structure in the sample is that if the microwave radiation structure is set between the objective lens and the sample dish, the microwave radiation structure and the FND in the biological sample must be separated by the bottom surface (glass slide) of the sample dish. First of all, the distance between the microwave radiation structure and the sample is increased by the glass slide on the one hand, and on the other hand, the glass slide will absorb and block part of the microwave power, so that the microwave power that the FND in the biological sample can receive is extremely low, resulting in the electron spin transition of the NV color center in the FND unable to reach the saturation state, the contrast of the fluorescence modulation signal is low, and it is difficult to demodulate the FND fluorescence signal from the complex noise background. However, if the microwave radiation structure is set in the sample, the microwave radiation structure and the objective lens cannot maintain a relatively fixed position. When the objective lens or the sample needs to be moved to image and measure different positions of the sample, the position of the microwave radiation structure needs to be manually adjusted to ensure that the microwave radiation structure provides sufficient microwave radiation power for the FND and makes the electron spin transition of the NV color center reach the saturation state as much as possible to improve the contrast of the fluorescence detection signal. Obviously, the application convenience of this device is greatly insufficient.

[0004] In addition, the microwave radiation structures used in NV color center ODMR measurement are mainly linear (copper wire placed directly on the biological sample at a close distance) and Ω-shaped (the microwave radiation concentration area is mainly located at the center point of the ring). However, in order to facilitate the search for a clear field of view, the distance between the objective lens and the sample dish must be as small as possible. Therefore, the radiation structure must be very thin (the actual measurement found that the thickness is at most 0.1mm, otherwise it cannot be focused). If the above-mentioned linear and Ω-shaped structures are used in common structures, many problems will arise. First, the PCB board material can meet the required radiation efficiency, but the thickness of the substrate itself plus the thickness of the copper coating, the total thickness is difficult to reach less than 0.1mm, and extremely high process requirements are required. Second, the enameled wire is used for direct shaping. Although this process can be completed in terms of technology, the radiation efficiency is low and it is difficult to meet the requirements of actual use.

[0005] Therefore, designing a microwave radiation structure that can provide FND in biological samples with microwave power that meets the NV fluorescence contrast requirements and whose thickness meets the requirements for the freedom of adjusting the distance between the objective lens and the sample dish has become a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the invention

[0006] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, one object of the present invention is to provide a radiation structure that can meet the requirements of freedom of adjusting the distance between the objective lens and the carrier, facilitate finding a clear field of view, and can also provide microwave power that meets the requirements.

[0007] The present invention further proposes a quantum sensing system.

[0008] The present invention further provides a radiation component.

[0009] The present invention further proposes a quantum sensing measurement method.

[0010] According to the radiation structure of the present invention, it includes: a feeding element, which is suitable for being sleeved on the outside of an objective lens, and the feeding element is covered with a microstrip line, and the microstrip line can generate a magnetic field; a coupling element, which is suitable for being arranged on the top of the objective lens along the thickness direction of the radiation structure, and the coupling element includes a first coupling element and a second coupling element, and the first coupling element and the second coupling element are spaced apart along a direction perpendicular to the thickness direction of the radiation structure, and the first coupling element and the second coupling element jointly define a plurality of arc gaps arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction and jointly define a light-transmitting hole, and the light-transmitting hole is suitable for being arranged corresponding to the NV color center, and the microwave radiated by the coupling element is used to excite the spin transition of the electrons in the NV color center.

[0011] According to the radiation structure of the present invention, by sleeve-arranging the feeding element on the outside of the objective lens, the thickness of the radiation structure between the objective lens and the carrier can be made thinner (equal to or even less than 0.1 mm), thereby being able to meet the requirements of freedom in adjusting the distance between the objective lens and the carrier, and facilitating finding a clear field of view. In addition, by enabling the coupling element to define a plurality of arc gaps spaced apart along the circumferential direction, the coupling element can form a relatively strong alternating magnetic field under the influence of the magnetic field, so as to provide a microwave power that meets the requirements.

[0012] In some examples of the present invention, a plurality of arc-shaped gaps are disposed around the outside of the light-transmitting hole, and the plurality of arc-shaped gaps are all protruded toward the outside of the coupling element.

[0013] In some examples of the present invention, the feeder has an assembly hole which is a through hole, and the assembly hole is suitable for assembly with the objective lens so that the feeder is assembled outside the objective lens, and part of the coupling element is arranged in the assembly hole.

[0014] In some examples of the present invention, the outer contour of the coupling member is circular, and the center of the light-transmitting hole coincides with the center of the coupling member.

[0015] In some examples of the present invention, the first coupling member and the second coupling member jointly define a plurality of inner gaps and a plurality of outer gaps, the number of the inner gaps, the number of the outer gaps, and the number of the arc gaps are the same and correspond one to one, the inner gaps are connected between the light-transmitting holes and the corresponding arc gaps, the outer gaps are connected with the arc gaps and with the outside of the coupling member; the inner gaps and the outer gaps both extend in the radial direction of the coupling member.

[0016] In some examples of the present invention, the outer contour of the coupling member is circular, and the arc gap includes: a first arc gap and a second arc gap, and the first arc gap and the second arc gap are symmetrically arranged along the radial direction of the coupling member.

[0017] In some examples of the present invention, the first coupling member includes: a first coupling body, a first extension portion, the first extension portion is connected to the first coupling body, and the second coupling member includes: a second coupling body, a second extension portion, the second extension portion is connected to the second coupling body; the first coupling body has a first avoidance gap, the second extension portion extends into the first avoidance gap and together with the first coupling body defines a first arc-shaped gap, the second coupling body has a second avoidance gap, the first extension portion extends into the second avoidance gap and together with the second coupling body defines a second arc-shaped gap.

[0018] In some examples of the present invention, the second extension portion is located outside the first coupling body, and the first extension portion is located outside the second coupling body.

[0019] In some examples of the present invention, the first coupling body and the second coupling body jointly define a first inner gap and a second inner gap, the first inner gap is connected between the light-transmitting hole and the first arc-shaped gap, and the second inner gap is connected between the light-transmitting hole and the second arc-shaped gap.

[0020] In some examples of the present invention, the first extension portion and the second coupling body jointly define a first external gap, the first external gap is connected to the first arc gap and is connected to the outside of the coupling member, and the second extension portion and the first coupling body jointly define a second external gap, the second external gap is connected to the second arc gap and is connected to the outside of the coupling member.

[0021] In some examples of the present invention, the first outer gap and the second outer gap are symmetrically arranged along the radial direction of the coupling member; and / or the first inner gap and the second inner gap are symmetrically arranged along the radial direction of the coupling member.

[0022] In some examples of the present invention, the first coupling member and the second coupling member have the same structure.

[0023] In some examples of the present invention, the first coupling member and the second coupling member are arranged in parallel or have a height difference; and / or, further comprising: an insulating connector, through which the first coupling member and the second coupling member are connected.

[0024] In some examples of the present invention, the feed element has a connection port, and the microstrip line is connected to the connection port; and / or the microstrip line includes a first line segment and a second line segment, and the first line segment is connected to the second line segment and has an included angle.

[0025] The quantum sensing system according to the present invention comprises: a carrier, the carrier is used to carry a sample containing fluorescent nanodiamonds; a radiation structure and an objective lens, the radiation structure is the radiation structure of the above embodiment, the feeder is sleeved on the outside of the objective lens, the coupling member is arranged on the top of the objective lens, and the carrier is arranged on the side of the coupling member away from the objective lens; a reflector, a light source, a dichroic mirror, and a detector, the reflector is arranged on the side of the objective lens away from the coupling member, the dichroic mirror is located between the reflector and the detector, the light source is used to emit a light beam to the dichroic mirror, the dichroic mirror can refract the light beam emitted by the light source to the reflector, the reflector is used to refract the light beam, and the detector is used to detect the fluorescent signal.

[0026] The radiation component according to the present invention includes: a frequency controller, a microwave source, the frequency controller is connected to the microwave source and is used to control the operation of the microwave source; an attenuator, an impedance adjustment structure, and a coupler, the attenuator is connected between the impedance adjustment structure and the microwave source, and the impedance adjustment structure is connected to the coupler; a radiation structure, the radiation structure is the radiation structure of the above embodiment, and the coupler is connected to the microstrip line; a vector network analyzer, the vector network analyzer is connected to the attenuator, the impedance adjustment structure, the coupler, and the microstrip line.

[0027] The radiation component according to the present invention includes: a frequency controller, a microwave source, the frequency controller is connected to the microwave source and is used to control the operation of the microwave source; an attenuator, a coupler, the attenuator is connected between the coupler and the microwave source; a radiation structure, the radiation structure is the radiation structure of the above embodiment, the coupler is connected to the microstrip line, and the height difference between the feeding element and the coupling element is adjustable; a vector network analyzer, the vector network analyzer is connected to the attenuator, the coupler, and the microstrip line.

[0028] According to the quantum sensing measurement method of the present invention, it includes: a radiation component, and the radiation component includes the above-mentioned radiation component; the quantum sensing measurement method includes: setting a reflection coefficient threshold, and when performing a frequency sweep operation, adjusting the height difference between the feeding element and the coupling element so that the reflection coefficient at each microwave frequency within the frequency sweep range is less than the reflection coefficient threshold; under the measurement environment, the microwave frequency used to excite the ground state electron spin of the NV color center to transition from the |0> state to the |±1> state is within the frequency sweep range.

[0029] In some examples of the present invention, the quantum sensing measurement method further includes: adjusting the height difference between the feeding element and the coupling element multiple times so that in the reflection coefficient curve at each microwave frequency, the intersection value of any two adjacent reflection coefficient curves is equal to the reflection coefficient threshold, or in the reflection coefficient curve at each microwave frequency, the intersection value of any two adjacent reflection coefficient curves is less than the reflection coefficient threshold and the difference between the reflection coefficient threshold and the intersection value is less than or equal to a preset value.

[0030] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be given in part in the following description and in part will be obvious from the following description, or will be learned through practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and easily understood from the description of the embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0032] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a radiation structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a quantum sensing system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 is a system diagram of a radiation component (having an impedance adjustment structure) according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4 is a system diagram of a radiation component (without an impedance adjustment structure) according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 5Schematic diagram of the ODMR detection principle of NV color centers according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a method for determining a preferred microwave frequency according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 7 and Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of microwave field distribution according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of FND fluorescence signal imaging results (including microwave modulated CW spectrum) according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] Reference numerals:

[0041] Radiating structure 100; quantum sensing system 10;

[0042] Feeding element 1; microstrip line 11; first line segment 111; second line segment 112; assembly hole 12; connection port 13;

[0043] Coupling member 2; first coupling member 21; first coupling body 211; first extension portion 212; first avoidance notch 213; second coupling member 22; second coupling body 221; second extension portion 222; second avoidance notch 223; arc gap 23; first arc gap 231; second arc gap 232; light-transmitting hole 24; inner gap 25; first inner gap 251; second inner gap 252; outer gap 26; first outer gap 261; second outer gap 262;

[0044] Objective lens 200;

[0045] Carrier 300; Sample 301;

[0046] Reflector 400;

[0047] Light source 500;

[0048] dichroic mirror 600; detector 700; filter 701; collimating lens 800; polarization attenuator 801; focusing lens 900;

[0049] Radiating component 20 ; frequency controller 201 ; microwave source 202 ; attenuator 203 ; impedance adjustment structure 204 ; coupler 205 ; vector network analyzer 206 . DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0051] Reference below Figure 1-Figure 9 A radiating structure 100 of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention is described.

[0052] like Figure 1-Figure 2 As shown, the radiation structure 100 according to the present invention includes: a feeding element 1, which is suitable for being sleeved on the outside of the objective lens 200, and the feeding element 1 is covered with a microstrip line 11, and the microstrip line 11 can generate a magnetic field; a coupling element 2, which is suitable for being arranged on the top of the objective lens 200 along the thickness direction of the radiation structure 100, and the coupling element 2 includes a first coupling element 21 and a second coupling element 22, and the first coupling element 21 and the second coupling element 22 are spaced apart along a direction perpendicular to the thickness direction of the radiation structure 100, and the first coupling element 21 and the second coupling element 22 jointly define a plurality of arc gaps 23 arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction and jointly define a light-transmitting hole 24, and the light-transmitting hole 24 is suitable for being arranged corresponding to the NV color center, and the microwave radiated by the coupling element 2 is used to excite the electron spin transition of the NV color center.

[0053] Among them, the feeding element 1 can be constructed as a rigid PCB board with a stable dielectric constant, and the feeding element 1 can be sleeved on the outside of the objective lens 200. For example, the feeding element 1 can be provided with an assembly hole 12, and the shape and size of the assembly hole 12 can be adapted to the shape and size of the peripheral wall of the objective lens 200, so that the objective lens 200 can be inserted into the assembly hole 12, and the objective lens 200 and the feeding element 1 can be connected by, but not limited to, snap-fitting or bonding, so as to achieve the effect of the feeding element 1 being sleeved on the outside of the objective lens 200.

[0054] Compared with the solution of arranging the feeding element 1 on the upper side of the objective lens 200, the feeding element 1 is sleeved on the outer side of the objective lens 200, so that part of the radiation structure 100 is not located between the objective lens 200 and the carrier 300, so that the thickness of the radiation structure 100 located between the objective lens 200 and the carrier 300 can be made thinner (equal to or even less than 0.1 mm), which can meet the requirements of freedom of adjusting the distance between the objective lens 200 and the carrier 300, and facilitate finding a clear field of view.

[0055] The feed element 1 is covered with a microstrip line 11 . For example, the microstrip line 11 can be directly welded to the feed element 1 , or the microstrip line 11 can be indirectly set to the feed element 1 through a wire. When the microstrip line 11 is connected to the radio frequency signal, the microstrip line 11 can generate a magnetic field, thereby achieving the feeding effect of the feed element 1 .

[0056] As some embodiments of the present application, the coupling member 2 can be constructed as a thin copper sheet (thickness is about 0.1 mm). As some embodiments of the present application, the coupling member 2 can be constructed as a thin gold sheet. Along the thickness direction of the radiation structure 100, the objective lens 200 has a top and a bottom, and the coupling member 2 is arranged on the top of the objective lens 200. The coupling member 2 includes a first coupling member 21 and a second coupling member 22. Along the direction perpendicular to the thickness direction of the radiation structure 100, the first coupling member 21 and the second coupling member 22 are spaced apart, so that the first coupling member 21 and the second coupling member 22 jointly define a plurality of arc gaps 23 arranged in a circumferential direction, and the first coupling member 21 and the second coupling member 22 jointly define a light-transmitting hole 24.

[0057] When the microstrip line 11 generates a magnetic field, the coupling element 2, under the influence of the magnetic field, will converge at the arc gap 23 to form a changing electric field, and the changing electric field will produce a changing magnetic field. Finally, all the magnetic flux will converge at the light-transmitting port defined by the first coupling element 21 and the second coupling element 22, forming a changing magnetic field along the thickness direction of the radiation structure 100, thereby forming a strong alternating magnetic field (i.e., a microwave field) along the thickness direction of the radiation structure 100 at the light-transmitting port, thereby enabling the FND in the biological sample 301 to receive microwave power that meets the imaging and measurement requirements.

[0058] Specifically, when performing ODMR detection of NV color centers, the feeder 1 is sleeved on the outside of the objective lens 200 and is snap-connected to the objective lens 200. Along the thickness direction of the radiation structure 100, the first coupling member 21 and the second coupling member 22 are both arranged at the top of the objective lens 200. Further, the first coupling member 21 and the second coupling member 22 are both arranged between the objective lens 200 and the carrier 300. The carrier 300 is used to carry a biological sample 301, and the biological sample 301 contains FND. It should be noted that the objective lens 200 is used to provide excitation light to the FND in the biological sample 301 on the one hand, and to collect the fluorescence emitted by the FND in the biological sample 301 on the other hand, so the bottom of the carrier 300 needs to have good light transmittance. The first coupling member 21 and the second coupling member 22 jointly define an arc gap 23 and a light-transmitting hole 24, and the light-transmitting hole 24 can avoid the excitation light and fluorescence. The feed element 1 is covered with a microstrip line 11. When the microstrip line 11 generates a magnetic field, a strong microwave field is formed at the light-transmitting hole 24 in the thickness direction of the radiation structure 100. As some embodiments of the present application, the NV color center is located at the axis of the light-transmitting hole 24. The distribution of the microwave field is as follows: Figure 7 and Figure 8 shown.

[0059] Depend on Figure 7 and Figure 8It can be seen that along the thickness direction of the radiation structure 100, a relatively uniform and high-intensity microwave field can be formed above the light-transmitting port, which can well provide modulated microwaves for the FND in the carrier 300 above the radiation structure 100. By optimizing the dimensions of the microstrip line 11 (for example: length, width, position, etc.) and the dimensions of the coupling plate (for example: the height difference between the two coupling plates, the length and width of the arc gap 23, etc.), the impedance, resonant frequency, bandwidth, and quality factor of the radiation structure 100 can be optimized.

[0060] For different actual experimental conditions such as biological samples 301 and bottom wall thickness of the carrier 300, due to the change in the relative position relationship between the radiation structure 100 and the FND in the biological sample 301, the required microwave radiation working area (i.e., the area with strong microwave intensity and relatively uniform microwaves, i.e., the area where the FND to be measured is located) changes. Therefore, the size specifications of the above-mentioned microstrip line 11 and the coupling plate cannot be fixed and optimized, and need to be debugged and optimized in actual experiments.

[0061] As some embodiments of the present application, the FND fluorescence signal imaging results measured by the above-mentioned radiation structure 100 are as follows: Fig. 9 As shown, the middle is the imaging result of the entire fluorescence signal, the left is the FND fluorescence signal imaging result obtained by demodulating the fluorescence signal after microwave modulation, and the right is the microwave modulated CW spectrum of the specified (including FND) pixel point in the fluorescence signal imaging result.

[0062] from Fig. 9 It can be seen that the FND fluorescence signal imaging signal measured by using the above-mentioned microwave radiation structure 100 has the characteristics of high center contrast, good detection sensitivity, and gradually weakening at the edge. Therefore, the imaging field of view can be adjusted to match the effective detection area (the area where the fluorescence contrast meets the experimental requirements).

[0063] It is understandable that if Figure 5 As shown, the ODMR detection principle of NV color centers is:

[0064] When microwaves are applied to NV spins, resonance occurs when the microwave frequency is equal to the energy level difference of the NV electron spin transition. The resonant microwaves cause the NV to transition from the |0> state to the |+1> state or the |-1> state, resulting in a decrease in fluorescence counts. This is the electron spin resonance (ESR) of the NV color center. Unlike traditional ESR, since NV fluorescence is spin-dependent, we can use lasers to detect NV electron paramagnetic resonance signals, so this method is called optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR). The resonance spectrum obtained by applying continuous lasers and microwaves is called CW-ODMR, or CW spectrum for short.

[0065] In CW spectrum experiments, the laser makes the NV spin tend to be arranged in the |0> state, while the resonant microwave makes the NV spin away from the |0> state. Therefore, the contrast of the continuous resonance peak depends on the competitive relationship between the laser power and the microwave power, and the contrast can reach 30%. Figure 4 As shown in the figure, when there is no external magnetic field, the energy level of the |±1> state is degenerate, and CW has a resonance peak at 2870MHz. When there is a weak magnetic field, the energy level is degenerate, and CW has two peaks, and the symmetry center is 2870MHz (the symmetry center is related to the ambient temperature, and the symmetry center can be used for temperature measurement by measuring it), corresponding to the transition from |0> to |-1> state or |+1> state. When the external magnetic field changes, the NV energy level undergoes Zeeman shift, and the position of the CW spectrum resonance peak will also move accordingly, so that the magnetic field can be measured.

[0066] Therefore, by sleeve-arranging the feeding element 1 outside the objective lens 200, the thickness of the radiation structure 100 between the objective lens 200 and the carrier 300 can be made thinner (equal to or even less than 0.1 mm), so as to meet the requirements of freedom of adjusting the distance between the objective lens 200 and the carrier 300, and facilitate finding a clear field of view. In addition, by making the coupling element 2 define a plurality of arc gaps 23 arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction, the coupling element 2 can form a strong alternating magnetic field under the influence of the magnetic field to provide a microwave power that meets the requirements.

[0067] In some examples of the present invention, Figure 1 As shown, a plurality of arc-shaped gaps 23 are disposed around the outside of the light-transmitting hole 24 , and the plurality of arc-shaped gaps 23 are all protruded toward the outside of the coupling member 2 .

[0068] Among them, along the radial direction of the coupling member 2, multiple arc gaps 23 are all arranged around the outside of the light-transmitting hole 24, and multiple arc gaps 23 all protrude toward the outside of the coupling member 2. Such a setting can make the structural form and position setting of the arc gap 23 reasonable. Compared with setting the arc gap 23 by other methods, such a setting can improve the microwave field intensity at the light-transmitting hole 24, thereby better providing modulated microwaves for the FND in the carrier 300 above the radiation structure 100, so that the FND can receive microwave power that meets the imaging and measurement requirements, and achieve the effect of clear observation and accurate measurement of the FND.

[0069] In some examples of the present invention, Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the feeding element 1 has an assembly hole 12 which is a through hole. The assembly hole 12 is suitable for being assembled with the objective lens 200 so that the feeding element 1 is assembled outside the objective lens 200 , and part of the coupling element 2 is arranged in the assembly hole 12 .

[0070] Among them, the feeding element 1 can have an assembly hole 12, and the assembly hole 12 can be constructed as a through hole. The shape and size of the assembly hole 12 can be adapted to the shape and size of the objective lens 200 and the shape and size of the coupling element 2. For example, the size of the peripheral wall of the objective lens 200 can be slightly smaller than the size of the assembly hole 12, so that the assembly hole 12 can be assembled with the objective lens 200 by a snap-on method, but is not limited to it, to achieve the effect of assembling the feeding element 1 on the outside of the objective lens 200, and reduce the risk of the thickness of the radiation structure 100 between the objective lens 200 and the carrier 300 being too thick (difficult to reach less than 0.1 mm) caused by the feeding element 1 being assembled above the objective lens 200, thereby reducing the risk of poor freedom of adjusting the distance between the objective lens 200 and the carrier 300 and difficulty in finding a clear field of view.

[0071] Part of the coupling member 2 is arranged in the assembly hole 12. As some embodiments of the present application, along the thickness direction of the coupling member 2, part of the structure of the coupling member 2 is arranged in the assembly hole 12, and another part of the structure of the coupling member 2 protrudes from the assembly hole 12. As some embodiments of the present application, the radial dimension of the coupling member 2 can be slightly smaller than the radial dimension of the assembly hole 12, so that the assembly of the coupling member 2 is stable. Such an arrangement can make the position of the coupling member 2 reasonably arranged. By arranging part of the coupling member 2 in the assembly hole 12, the feeding member 1 can limit the coupling member 2, reduce the risk of the coupling member 2 moving, so that the coupling member 2 can always be kept between the objective lens 200 and the carrier 300, and the risk of the coupling member 2 falling can be reduced. In addition, along the thickness direction of the radiation structure 100, the center of the projection of the coupling member 2 coincides or roughly coincides with the center of the projection of the objective lens 200, so that the position where the alternating magnetic field is formed is suitable, which is conducive to further meeting the microwave power required for FND imaging and measurement.

[0072] In some examples of the present invention, Figure 1 As shown, the outer contour of the coupling member 2 is circular, and the center of the light-transmitting hole 24 coincides with the center of the coupling member 2 .

[0073] Among them, since the outer contour of the objective lens 200 is usually circular, the outer contour of the coupling member 2 can also be constructed as a circle, so that the shape of the coupling member 2 can be adapted to the shape of the objective lens 200, thereby facilitating the assembly of the radiation structure 100 and the objective lens 200. The center of the light-transmitting hole 24 coincides with the center of the coupling member 2, so that the light-transmitting hole 24 can be arranged at the center of the coupling member 2. Such an arrangement can make the position of the light-transmitting hole 24 reasonably arranged, which is conducive to the magnetic flux formed by the coupling member 2 to converge at the center of the coupling member 2, so that the microwave field is formed at the center of the coupling member 2, and then the FND in the biological sample 301 can reliably receive the microwave power that meets the imaging and measurement requirements, and achieve the effect of clear observation and accurate measurement of the FND.

[0074] In some examples of the present invention, Figure 1As shown, the first coupling member 21 and the second coupling member 22 jointly define a plurality of inner gaps 25 and a plurality of outer gaps 26, the number of the inner gaps 25, the number of the outer gaps 26, and the number of the arc gaps 23 are the same and correspond one to one, the inner gaps 25 are connected between the light-transmitting holes 24 and the corresponding arc gaps 23, the outer gaps 26 are connected with the arc gaps 23 and are connected with the outside of the coupling member 2; the inner gaps 25 and the outer gaps 26 both extend along the radial direction of the coupling member 2.

[0075] The first coupling member 21 and the second coupling member 22 may jointly define a plurality of inner gaps 25 and a plurality of outer gaps 26, for example, the inner gaps 25 and the outer gaps 26 may be two, three or more, and the number of the inner gaps 25, the number of the outer gaps 26, and the number of the arc gaps 23 are the same and correspond one to one, that is, one inner gap 25 corresponds to one outer gap 26 and one arc gap 23. The inner gap 25 is connected between the light-transmitting hole 24 and the corresponding arc gap 23, and the outer gap 26 is connected to the arc gap 23 and to the outside of the coupling member 2, that is, along the radial direction of the coupling member 2, the inner gap 25, the arc gap 23 and the outer gap 26 are arranged and connected in sequence, and the inner gap 25, the arc gap 23 and the outer gap 26 connect the light-transmitting hole 24 and the outside of the coupling member 2.

[0076] By making the first coupling member 21 and the second coupling member 22 jointly define a plurality of inner gaps 25 and a plurality of outer gaps 26, the first coupling member 21 and the second coupling member 22 can reliably jointly define a plurality of arc gaps 23 without contact, thereby reducing the risk of the first coupling member 21 and the second coupling member 22 having the same electric potential due to contact between the first coupling member 21 and the second coupling member 22. In addition, the inner gaps 25 and the outer gaps 26 both extend in the radial direction of the coupling member 2, and the arc gap 23 extends in the circumferential direction of the coupling member 2, so that the shapes and positions of the inner gaps 25, the outer gaps 26 and the arc gaps 23 are reasonably arranged, which is conducive to the convergence of the arc gaps 23 to form a changing electric field, thereby forming a strong alternating magnetic field (i.e., a microwave field) along the thickness direction of the radiation structure 100 at the light transmission port, thereby enabling the FND in the biological sample 301 to reliably receive the microwave power that meets the imaging and measurement requirements.

[0077] In some examples of the present invention, Figure 1 As shown, the outer contour of the coupling member 2 is circular, and the arc gap 23 may include: a first arc gap 231 and a second arc gap 232 , and the first arc gap 231 and the second arc gap 232 are symmetrically arranged along the radial direction of the coupling member 2 .

[0078] Among them, since the outer contour of the objective lens 200 is usually circular, the outer contour of the coupling member 2 can also be constructed as a circle, so that the shape of the coupling member 2 can be adapted to the shape of the objective lens 200, thereby facilitating the assembly of the radiation structure 100 and the objective lens 200. The first arc gap 231 and the second arc gap 232 are symmetrically arranged along the radial direction of the coupling member 2. Since the first arc gap 231 and the second arc gap 232 both form a changing electric field, the changing electric field will generate a changing magnetic field. By arranging the first arc gap 231 and the second arc gap 232 symmetrically along the radial direction of the coupling member 2, the magnetic flux can be completely gathered near the symmetric point of the first arc gap 231 and the second arc gap 232, so that the microwave field is formed at the light transmission port, so that the FND in the biological sample 301 can receive the microwave power that meets the imaging and measurement requirements, which is conducive to achieving the effect of clear observation and accurate measurement of the FND.

[0079] In some examples of the present invention, Figure 1 As shown, the first coupling member 21 may include: a first coupling body 211, a first extension portion 212, the first extension portion 212 is connected to the first coupling body 211, and the second coupling member 22 includes: a second coupling body 221, a second extension portion 222, the second extension portion 222 is connected to the second coupling body 221; the first coupling body 211 has a first avoidance gap 213, the second extension portion 222 extends into the first avoidance gap 213 and defines a first arc gap 231 together with the first coupling body 211, and the second coupling body 221 has a second avoidance gap 223, the first extension portion 212 extends into the second avoidance gap 223 and defines a second arc gap 232 together with the second coupling body 221.

[0080] Wherein, as an embodiment of the present application, the first extension portion 212 and the first coupling body 211 can be integrally formed. As an embodiment of the present application, the first extension portion 212 and the first coupling body 211 can be connected by snapping. As an embodiment of the present application, the second extension portion 222 and the second coupling body 221 can be integrally formed. As an embodiment of the present application, the second extension portion 222 and the second coupling body 221 can be connected by snapping. The first coupling body 211 has a first avoidance notch 213, and the first avoidance notch 213 can provide an assembly position for the second extension portion 222, so that the second extension portion 222 can extend into the first avoidance notch 213, and together with the first coupling body 211 define a first arc gap 231.

[0081] The second coupling body 221 has a second avoidance notch 223, and the second avoidance notch 223 can provide an assembly position for the first extension part 212, so that the first extension part 212 can extend into the second avoidance notch 223 and define a second arc gap 232 together with the second coupling body 221. With such a configuration, the first coupling member 21 and the second coupling member 22 can form the first arc gap 231 and the second arc gap 232 through simple assembly, so that the structural form of the first coupling member 21 and the second coupling member 22 is reasonable, and the coupling member 2 can be convenient for application.

[0082] In some examples of the present invention, Figure 1 As shown, the second extension portion 222 is located outside the first coupling body 211 , and the first extension portion 212 is located outside the second coupling body 221 .

[0083] Among them, the second extension portion 222 is located outside the first coupling body 211, that is, the second extension portion 222 is located on the side of the first coupling body 211 away from the light-transmitting hole 24, and the first extension portion 212 is located outside the second coupling body 221, that is, the first extension portion 212 is located on the side of the second coupling body 221 away from the light-transmitting hole 24. When the first coupling member 21 and the second coupling member 22 are assembled, it is convenient to extend the first extension portion 212 into the second avoidance gap 223, and it is also convenient to extend the second extension portion 222 into the first avoidance gap 213, so that the coupling member 2 can be assembled simply and the application difficulty is reduced. In addition, the positions of the second extension portion 222 and the first extension portion 212 can be reasonably set, so that the positions of the first arc gap 231 and the second arc gap 232 can be reasonably set, which is conducive to improving the microwave field intensity formed by the first arc gap 231 and the second arc gap 232, so that the FND in the biological sample 301 can further reliably receive the microwave power that meets the imaging and measurement requirements.

[0084] In some examples of the present invention, Figure 1 As shown, the first coupling body 211 and the second coupling body 221 jointly define a first inner gap 251 and a second inner gap 252 . The first inner gap 251 is connected between the light-transmitting hole 24 and the first arc gap 231 , and the second inner gap 252 is connected between the light-transmitting hole 24 and the second arc gap 232 .

[0085] The first coupling body 211 and the second coupling body 221 are arranged to be spaced apart, so that the first coupling body 211 and the second coupling body 221 jointly define a first inner gap 251 and a second inner gap 252. The first inner gap 251 is connected between the light-transmitting hole 24 and the first arc-shaped gap 231, along the radial direction of the coupling member 2, and in the range from the light-transmitting hole 24 to the first arc-shaped gap 231, so that the first inner gap 251 can completely separate the first coupling body 211 and the second coupling body 221. The second inner gap 252 is connected between the light-transmitting hole 24 and the second arc-shaped gap 232, along the radial direction of the coupling member 2, and in the range from the light-transmitting hole 24 to the second arc-shaped gap 232, so that the second inner gap 252 can completely separate the first coupling body 211 and the second coupling body 221. By providing the first inner gap 251 and the second inner gap 252, the risk of the first coupling body 211 and the second coupling body 221 being in contact with each other in the range between the light-transmitting hole 24 and the arc-shaped gap 23, resulting in the first coupling body 211 and the second coupling body 221 having the same electric potential, can be reduced, thereby reducing the risk of the microwave field not being able to be formed due to the first coupling body 211 and the second coupling body 221 having the same electric potential, which is conducive to achieving the effect of clear observation and accurate measurement of the FND.

[0086] In some examples of the present invention, Figure 1 As shown, the first extension portion 212 and the second coupling body 221 jointly define a first outer gap 261, the first outer gap 261 is connected to the second arc gap 232 and is connected to the outside of the coupling member 2, and the second extension portion 222 and the first coupling body 211 jointly define a second outer gap 262, the second outer gap 262 is connected to the first arc gap 231 and is connected to the outside of the coupling member 2.

[0087] Among them, the first extension portion 212 is spaced apart from the second coupling body 221, so that the first extension portion 212 and the second coupling body 221 jointly define a first outer gap 261, and the first outer gap 261 is connected to the second arc gap 232 and to the outside of the coupling member 2, so that the first outer gap 261 is connected between the second arc gap 232 and the outside of the coupling member 2, along the radial direction of the coupling member 2, and from the second arc gap 232 to the outside of the coupling member 2, so that the first outer gap 261 can completely separate the first extension portion 212 and the second coupling body 221, thereby reducing the risk of contact between the first coupling member 21 and the second coupling member 22.

[0088] The second extension portion 222 is spaced apart from the first coupling body 211, so that the second extension portion 222 and the first coupling body 211 jointly define a second outer gap 262, and the second outer gap 262 is connected to the first arc gap 231 and to the outside of the coupling member 2, so that the second outer gap 262 is connected between the first arc gap 231 and the outside of the coupling member 2, along the radial direction of the coupling member 2, and within the range from the first arc gap 231 to the outside of the coupling member 2, the second outer gap 262 can completely separate the second extension portion 222 from the first coupling body 211, thereby reducing the risk of contact between the first coupling member 21 and the second coupling member 22.

[0089] By setting the first outer gap 261 and the second outer gap 262, it is helpful to reduce the risk of contact between the first coupling member 21 and the second coupling member 22, thereby reducing the risk of the microwave field not being formed due to the same electric potential caused by the contact between the first coupling member 21 and the second coupling member 22, which is beneficial to further achieve the effect of clear observation and accurate measurement of the FND.

[0090] In some examples of the present invention, Figure 1 As shown, the first outer gap 261 and the second outer gap 262 are symmetrically arranged along the radial direction of the coupling member 2; and / or, the first inner gap 251 and the second inner gap 252 are symmetrically arranged along the radial direction of the coupling member 2.

[0091] Among them, as some embodiments of the present application, the first outer gap 261 and the second outer gap 262 are symmetrically arranged along the radial direction of the coupling member 2. As some embodiments of the present application, the first inner gap 251 and the second inner gap 252 are symmetrically arranged along the radial direction of the coupling member 2. As some embodiments of the present application, the first outer gap 261 and the second outer gap 262 are symmetrically arranged along the radial direction of the coupling member 2, and the first inner gap 251 and the second inner gap 252 are symmetrically arranged along the radial direction of the coupling member 2. By making the first outer gap 261 and the second outer gap 262 symmetrically arranged along the radial direction of the coupling member 2, and making the first inner gap 251 and the second inner gap 252 symmetrically arranged along the radial direction of the coupling member 2, the influence of the first outer gap 261 and the second outer gap 262 on the microwave field can be reduced, and the influence of the first inner gap 251 and the second inner gap 252 on the microwave field can also be reduced, so that the microwave field is formed at the light transmission port and has sufficient microwave intensity, so that the FND in the biological sample 301 can receive the microwave power that meets the imaging and measurement requirements, and improve the observation clarity and measurement accuracy of the FND.

[0092] In some examples of the present invention, Figure 1 As shown, the first coupling member 21 and the second coupling member 22 have the same structure.

[0093] Among them, the first coupling member 21 and the second coupling member 22 have the same structure, so that the first arc gap 231 and the second arc gap 232 formed by the first coupling member 21 and the second coupling member 22 can be made to have the same size and shape or be substantially the same and be symmetrically arranged along the radial direction of the coupling member 2, the first inner gap 251 and the second inner gap 252 can be made to have the same size and shape or be substantially the same and be symmetrically arranged along the radial direction of the coupling member 2, and the first outer gap 261 and the second outer gap 262 can be made to have the same size and shape or be substantially the same and be symmetrically arranged along the radial direction of the coupling member 2. Such an arrangement can make the microwave field formed by the arc gap 23 located at the light transmission port, and can also reduce the influence of the first outer gap 261, the second outer gap 262, the first inner gap 251, and the second inner gap 252 on the microwave field, thereby improving the clarity of observation of FND and the measurement accuracy.

[0094] Furthermore, by making the first coupling member 21 and the second coupling member 22 have the same structure, the first coupling member 21 and the second coupling member 22 can be produced by the same mold, which is beneficial to reducing the number of molds for producing the radiation structure 100, reducing the production costs of the first coupling member 21 and the second coupling member 22, and thus reducing the production cost of the radiation structure 100. During the assembly process of the radiation structure 100, the first coupling member 21 and the second coupling member 22 have the same structure, which can also reduce the risk of misassembly by assemblers, which is beneficial to reducing the difficulty of assembling the radiation structure 100, thereby improving the assembly efficiency of the radiation structure 100.

[0095] In some examples of the present invention, Figure 1 As shown, the first coupling member 21 and the second coupling member 22 are arranged in parallel or have a height difference; and / or, further comprising: an insulating connector, through which the first coupling member 21 and the second coupling member 22 are connected.

[0096] Wherein, as some embodiments of the present application, the first coupling member 21 and the second coupling member 22 are arranged in parallel or have a height difference. As some embodiments of the present application, the radiation structure 100 also includes an insulating connector, and the first coupling member 21 and the second coupling member 22 are connected by the insulating connector. As some embodiments of the present application, the first coupling member 21 and the second coupling member 22 are arranged in parallel, and the first coupling member 21 and the second coupling member 22 are connected by the insulating connector. By allowing the first coupling member 21 and the second coupling member 22 to be selectively arranged in parallel or have a height difference, the first coupling member 21 and the second coupling member 22 can be flexibly arranged according to actual needs to adjust the reflection coefficient, achieve better impedance matching, and facilitate the formation of a microwave field that meets the FND imaging requirements.

[0097] The insulating connector can be but is not limited to being constructed of materials such as acrylic and carbon fiber. The first coupling member 21 and the second coupling member 22 are connected by the insulating connector, which can reduce the risk of the first coupling member 21 and the second coupling member 22 having the same electric potential due to the conduction between the first coupling member 21 and the second coupling member 22, thereby reducing the risk of the microwave field not being formed due to the same electric potential of the first coupling member 21 and the second coupling member 22, thereby achieving the effect of clear observation and accurate measurement of the FND.

[0098] In some examples of the present invention, Figure 1 As shown, the feeder 1 has a connection port 13, and the microstrip line 11 is connected to the connection port 13; and / or, the microstrip line 11 includes a first line segment 111 and a second line segment 112, and the first line segment 111 and the second line segment 112 are connected and have an angle.

[0099] Wherein, as some embodiments of the present application, the feeder 1 has a connection port 13, and the microstrip line 11 is connected to the connection port 13. As some embodiments of the present application, the microstrip line 11 includes a first line segment 111 and a second line segment 112, and the first line segment 111 is connected to the second line segment 112 and has an angle. As some embodiments of the present application, the feeder 1 has a connection port 13, the microstrip line 11 is connected to the connection port 13, and the microstrip line 11 includes a first line segment 111 and a second line segment 112, and the first line segment 111 is connected to the second line segment 112 and has an angle. By providing the connection port 13 on the feeder 1 and connecting the microstrip line 11 to the connection port 13, the feeder 1 can supply power to the microstrip line 11, which is conducive to the coupling element 2 generating a more concentrated and high-intensity microwave field under the action of the microstrip line 11, which is conducive to reducing the risk of increasing the production cost of the radiation structure 100 due to the additional connection port 13 for the microstrip line 11, and can improve the convenience of use of the radiation structure 100. By connecting the first line segment 111 and the second line segment 112 with an included angle, the structure of the microstrip line 11 can be reasonable, and a magnetic field that meets the requirements can be reliably generated, so that the FND in the biological sample 301 can receive microwave power that meets the imaging and measurement requirements.

[0100] like Figure 2As shown, the quantum sensing system 10 according to the present invention includes: a carrier 300, a radiation structure 100, an objective lens 200, a reflector 400, a light source 500, a dichroic mirror 600, and a detector 700. The carrier 300 is used to carry a sample 301 containing fluorescent nanodiamonds. The radiation structure 100 is the radiation structure 100 of the above embodiment. The feeding element 1 is sleeved on the outside of the objective lens 200, the coupling element 2 is arranged on the top of the objective lens 200, the carrier 300 is arranged on the side of the coupling element 2 away from the objective lens 200, the reflector 400 is arranged on the side of the objective lens 200 away from the coupling element 2, the dichroic mirror 600 is located between the reflector 400 and the detector 700, the light source 500 is used to emit a light beam to the dichroic mirror 600, the dichroic mirror 600 can refract the light beam emitted by the light source 500 to the reflector 400, the reflector 400 is used to refract the light beam, and the detector 700 is used to detect the fluorescence signal.

[0101] The feeding element 1 is sleeved on the outside of the objective lens 200, the coupling element 2 is arranged on the top of the objective lens 200, the bearing element 300 is arranged on the side of the coupling element 2 away from the objective lens 200, and the bearing element 300 carries the sample 301 containing fluorescent nanodiamonds, which is conducive to conveniently translating the bearing element 300 to achieve scanning of the bearing element 300, and there is no need to adjust the position of the radiation structure 100 when the bearing element 300 translates, so that the automatic and efficient scanning operation of biological microscopic imaging or measurement can be achieved. By sleeved the feeding element 1 on the outside of the objective lens 200, the thickness of the radiation structure 100 located between the objective lens 200 and the bearing element 300 can be made thinner (equal to or even less than 0.1 mm), so that the degree of freedom of adjustment of the distance between the objective lens 200 and the bearing element 300 can be met, and it is convenient to find a clear field of view, and by making the coupling element 2 define a plurality of arc gaps 23 arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction, the coupling element 2 can form a strong alternating magnetic field under the influence of the magnetic field to provide a microwave power that meets the requirements.

[0102] The quantum sensing system 10 further includes a reflector 400, a light source 500, a dichroic mirror 600, a detector 700, a collimating lens 800, a polarization attenuator 801, a focusing lens 900 and a filter 701. The reflector 400 can be configured as a prism, and the reflector 400 is arranged on the side of the objective lens 200 away from the coupling member 2. The dichroic mirror 600 is located between the reflector 400 and the detector 700, and the dichroic mirror 600 can be configured as a dichroic mirror. The detector 700 can be configured as a CMOS camera. The light source 500 is used to emit a light beam to the dichroic mirror 600, and the dichroic mirror 600 can refract the light beam emitted by the light source 500 to the reflector 400. The reflector 400 is used to refract the light beam, and the detector 700 is used to detect the fluorescence signal. The polarization attenuator 801 is arranged between the light source 500 and the dichroic mirror 600, the collimating lens 800 is arranged between the light source 500 and the polarization attenuator 801, the focusing lens 900 is arranged between the dichroic mirror 600 and the detector 700, and the filter 701 is arranged on the detector 700, and is arranged on the side of the detector 700 facing the dichroic mirror 600.

[0103] Specifically, the light source 500 emits a light beam, which passes through the collimating lens 800 and the polarization attenuator 801 in sequence to adjust the light beam, and the dichroic mirror 600 refracts the adjusted light beam to the reflector 400, and the reflector 400 reflects the light beam to the sample 301 and reflects the image of the sample 301. The image of the sample 301 is focused by the focusing lens 900 and filtered by the filter 701, so that the detector 700 can detect a clear fluorescence signal of the sample 301.

[0104] Through the quantum sensing system 10 proposed in the present application, a clear fluorescence signal of the sample 301 can be detected, thereby achieving the effect of clear observation and accurate measurement of FND.

[0105] like Figure 3 As shown, the radiation component 20 according to the present invention includes: a frequency controller 201, a microwave source 202, the frequency controller 201 is connected to the microwave source 202 and is used to control the operation of the microwave source 202; an attenuator 203, an impedance adjustment structure 204, and a coupler 205, the attenuator 203 is connected between the impedance adjustment structure 204 and the microwave source 202, and the impedance adjustment structure 204 is connected to the coupler 205; a radiation structure 100, the radiation structure 100 is the radiation structure 100 of the above embodiment, and the coupler 205 is connected to the microstrip line 11; a vector network analyzer 206, the vector network analyzer 206 is connected to the attenuator 203, the impedance adjustment structure 204, the coupler 205, and the microstrip line 11.

[0106] In order to make the microwave powers of different frequencies received by the FND in the sample 301 similar, the radiation structure 100 based on the above embodiment can be implemented by the radiation component 20 proposed in the present application.

[0107] The frequency controller 201 controls the microwave source 202 to perform a frequency sweep operation, and the microwave output by the microwave source 202 controls the output power through the attenuator 203. The impedance adjustment structure 204 can be an active matching network, and the impedance of the microwave input module is adjusted through the impedance adjustment structure 204 to match the radiation structure 100. The coupler 205 inputs a part of the microwave signal into the microstrip line 11, and inputs another part of the signal into the vector network analyzer 206. The vector network analyzer 206 also receives the echo signal of the microstrip line 11, and thus combines the input signal of the coupler 205 to determine the reflection coefficient at different microwave frequencies. By optimizing the input impedance, the energy transmission loss can be reduced. By setting the appropriate microwave transmission power through the attenuator 203, the microwave power of different frequencies received by the FND can be made similar, so that a clear sample 301 fluorescence signal can be detected, and the effect of clear observation and accurate measurement of the FND can be achieved.

[0108] like Figure 4 As shown, the radiation component 20 according to the present invention includes: a frequency controller 201, a microwave source 202, the frequency controller 201 is connected to the microwave source 202 and is used to control the operation of the microwave source 202; an attenuator 203, a coupler 205, the attenuator 203 is connected between the coupler 205 and the microwave source 202; a radiation structure 100, the radiation structure 100 is the radiation structure 100 of the above embodiment, the coupler 205 is connected to the microstrip line 11, and the height difference between the feeding element 1 and the coupling element 2 is adjustable; a vector network analyzer 206, the vector network analyzer 206 is connected to the attenuator 203, the coupler 205, and the microstrip line 11.

[0109] Among them, in the existing control scheme, there is a certain lag in controlling the adjustment of input impedance and microwave power based on the analysis results of the vector network analyzer 206. A comparison table containing the following information can be pre-debugged: input impedance and power parameters corresponding to different microwave frequencies. During the test, the input impedance and power parameter adjustment sequence corresponding to the frequency adjustment sequence output of the frequency controller 201 can be directly output according to the comparison table, so as to control the adjustment of input impedance and microwave power in real time.

[0110] Furthermore, by adjusting the height difference between the microstrip line 11 and the coupling element 2 (the distance between the two planes), the reflection coefficient can be adjusted, thereby achieving better impedance matching and reducing energy transmission loss.

[0111] The quantum sensing measurement method according to the present invention includes a radiation component, which is the above-mentioned radiation component. The quantum sensing measurement method includes:

[0112] S1, setting a reflection coefficient threshold value, and adjusting the height difference between the feeding element and the coupling element during the frequency sweep operation so that the reflection coefficient at each microwave frequency within the frequency sweep range is less than the reflection coefficient threshold value;

[0113] S2, under the measurement environment, the microwave frequency used to excite the ground state electron spin of the NV color center from the |0> state to the |±1> state is within the sweep frequency range.

[0114] As some embodiments of the present application, the initial resonant frequency of the radiation structure can be designed to be 2870 MHz, and the impedance adjustment parameters when the height of the microstrip line 11 (specifically, the height difference between the feeding element and the coupling element) matches the microwave radiation structure with a resonant frequency of 2870 MHz are set as initial parameters; a reflection coefficient threshold is set, and when the microwave frequency causes the reflection coefficient to change, if the reflection coefficient is less than the threshold, there is no need to adjust the height difference between the feeding element and the coupling element, and only the attenuator needs to be adjusted so that the microwaves in the "microwave radiation working area" have similar power at different microwave frequencies.

[0115] If the reflection coefficient is greater than the threshold, the height of the microstrip line 11 is adjusted (when the frequency increases, the inductance parameter is increased compared to the initial parameter; when the frequency decreases, the capacitance is increased compared to the initial parameter) to make the reflection coefficient lower than the threshold; then the attenuator is adjusted so that the microwaves in the "microwave radiation working area" have similar power at different microwave frequencies.

[0116] Therefore, through the quantum sensing measurement method of the present application, the FND in the biological sample can receive microwave power that meets the imaging and measurement requirements, thereby improving the accuracy of the measurement.

[0117] In some embodiments of the present invention, the quantum sensing measurement method further includes: adjusting the height difference between the feeding element and the coupling element multiple times so that the intersection value of any two adjacent reflection coefficient curves in the reflection coefficient curve at each microwave frequency is equal to the reflection coefficient threshold, or the intersection value of any two adjacent reflection coefficient curves in the reflection coefficient curve at each microwave frequency is less than the reflection coefficient threshold and the difference between the reflection coefficient threshold and the intersection value is less than or equal to a preset value. The preset value can be preset according to actual needs.

[0118] By adjusting the height difference between the feeding element and the coupling element multiple times, the state of the reflection coefficient curve at each microwave frequency can be adjusted, so that the intersection value of any two adjacent reflection coefficient curves can be equal to the reflection coefficient threshold, or the intersection value of any two adjacent reflection coefficient curves at each microwave frequency can be made smaller than the reflection coefficient threshold and the difference between the reflection coefficient threshold and the intersection value is smaller than or equal to a preset value, specifically, the intersection value of any two adjacent reflection coefficient curves is smaller than the reflection coefficient threshold, and the absolute value of the difference between the reflection coefficient threshold and the intersection value is smaller than or equal to a preset value. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement can be further improved.

[0119] As some embodiments of the present application, Figure 6 As shown, S11 is the reflection coefficient, f is the microwave frequency, and Γ0 is the reflection coefficient threshold; according to the required microwave sweep frequency range (f4, f5), select several adjustment positions of the input impedance adjustment structure 204 (or the height of the microstrip line 11), for example Figure 6 For the five microwave frequencies f1 to f5, the reflection coefficient curve when the input impedance adjustment structure 204 (or the height of the microstrip line 11) is adjusted to a better value at each microwave frequency and the reflection coefficient curve when the input impedance adjustment structure 204 (or the height of the microstrip line 11) is adjusted to a better value at the adjacent frequency have an intersection greater than or equal to Γ0;

[0120] When the microwave field sweeps from low to high frequency, when it reaches the intersection of f4 and Γ0, the input impedance adjustment structure 204 (or the height of the microstrip line 11) is adjusted to a better state corresponding to the frequency f3, until it reaches the intersection of f3 and Γ0, and then adjusted to a better state corresponding to f1, and so on;

[0121] When the microwave field sweeps from high to low frequency and reaches the intersection of f5 and Γ0, the input impedance adjustment structure 204 (or the height of the microstrip line 11) is adjusted to a more optimal state corresponding to the frequency f2, until it reaches the intersection of f2 and Γ0, and then adjusted to a more optimal state corresponding to f1, and so on.

[0122] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0123] In the description of the present invention, "first feature" or "second feature" may include one or more of the features.

[0124] In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means two or more.

[0125] In the description of the present invention, a first feature being “on” or “under” a second feature may include that the first and second features are directly in contact with each other, or may include that the first and second features are not in direct contact with each other but are in contact with each other via another feature therebetween.

[0126] In the description of the present invention, “on”, “over” and “above” a first feature from a second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is horizontally higher than the second feature.

[0127] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "illustrative embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0128] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A radiation structure, characterized in that: include: A feeding element, wherein the feeding element is suitable for being sleeved on the outside of the objective lens, and the feeding element is covered with a microstrip line, and the microstrip line can generate a magnetic field; A coupling member, along the thickness direction of the radiation structure, the coupling member is suitable for being arranged on the top of the objective lens, the coupling member includes a first coupling member and a second coupling member, the first coupling member and the second coupling member are spaced apart along a direction perpendicular to the thickness direction of the radiation structure, the first coupling member and the second coupling member jointly define a plurality of arc gaps arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction and jointly define a light-transmitting hole, the light-transmitting hole is suitable for being arranged corresponding to the NV color center, and the microwave radiated by the coupling member is used to excite the spin transition of the electrons in the NV color center.

2. The radiation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that A plurality of arc-shaped gaps are arranged around the outside of the light-transmitting hole, and the plurality of arc-shaped gaps are all protruded toward the outside of the coupling component.

3. The radiation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding component has an assembly hole, which is a through hole. The assembly hole is suitable for being assembled with the objective lens so that the feeding component is assembled outside the objective lens, and part of the coupling component is arranged in the assembly hole.

4. The radiation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer contour of the coupling member is circular, and the center of the light-transmitting hole coincides with the center of the coupling member.

5. The radiation structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first coupling member and the second coupling member jointly define a plurality of inner gaps and a plurality of outer gaps, the number of the inner gaps, the number of the outer gaps, and the number of the arc gaps are the same and correspond one to one, the inner gaps are connected between the light-transmitting holes and the corresponding arc gaps, and the outer gaps are connected with the arc gaps and with the outside of the coupling member; The inner gap and the outer gap both extend along the radial direction of the coupling member.

6. The radiation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that The outer contour of the coupling member is circular, and the arc-shaped gap includes: a first arc-shaped gap and a second arc-shaped gap, and the first arc-shaped gap and the second arc-shaped gap are symmetrically arranged along the radial direction of the coupling member.

7. The radiation structure according to claim 6, characterized in that The first coupling member includes: a first coupling body and a first extension portion, wherein the first extension portion is connected to the first coupling body; the second coupling member includes: a second coupling body and a second extension portion, wherein the second extension portion is connected to the second coupling body; The first coupling body has a first avoidance gap, the second extension portion extends into the first avoidance gap and defines the first arc gap together with the first coupling body, the second coupling body has a second avoidance gap, the first extension portion extends into the second avoidance gap and defines the second arc gap together with the second coupling body.

8. The radiation structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: The second extension portion is located outside the first coupling body, and the first extension portion is located outside the second coupling body.

9. The radiation structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: The first coupling body and the second coupling body jointly define a first inner gap and a second inner gap, wherein the first inner gap is connected between the light-transmitting hole and the first arc-shaped gap, and the second inner gap is connected between the light-transmitting hole and the second arc-shaped gap.

10. The radiation structure according to claim 9, characterized in that The first extension portion and the second coupling body jointly define a first external gap, the first external gap is connected to the second arc gap and is connected to the outside of the coupling member, and the second extension portion and the first coupling body jointly define a second external gap, the second external gap is connected to the first arc gap and is connected to the outside of the coupling member.

11. The radiation structure according to claim 10, characterized in that: The first outer gap and the second outer gap are symmetrically arranged along the radial direction of the coupling member; And / or, the first inner gap and the second inner gap are symmetrically arranged along the radial direction of the coupling member.

12. The radiation structure according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that: The first coupling member and the second coupling member have the same structure.

13. The radiation structure according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that: The first coupling member and the second coupling member are arranged in parallel or have a height difference; And / or, it also includes: an insulating connector, and the first coupling member and the second coupling member are connected by the insulating connector.

14. The radiation structure according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that: The feeder has a connection port, and the microstrip line is connected to the connection port; And / or, the microstrip line includes a first line segment and a second line segment, and the first line segment is connected to the second line segment and has an included angle.

15. A quantum sensing system, characterized in that: include: A carrier, the carrier being used to carry a sample containing fluorescent nanodiamonds; A radiation structure and an objective lens, wherein the radiation structure is the radiation structure according to any one of claims 1 to 14, the feeding element is sleeved on the outside of the objective lens, the coupling element is arranged on the top of the objective lens, and the supporting element is arranged on a side of the coupling element away from the objective lens; A reflector, a light source, a dichroic mirror, and a detector. The reflector is arranged on a side of the objective lens away from the coupling element. The dichroic mirror is located between the reflector and the detector. The light source is used to emit a light beam to the dichroic mirror. The dichroic mirror can refract the light beam emitted by the light source to the reflector. The reflector is used to refract the light beam. The detector is used to detect the fluorescence signal.

16. A radiation component, characterized in that: include: A frequency controller and a microwave source, wherein the frequency controller is connected to the microwave source and is used to control the operation of the microwave source; an attenuator, an impedance adjustment structure, and a coupler, wherein the attenuator is connected between the impedance adjustment structure and the microwave source, and the impedance adjustment structure is connected to the coupler; A radiation structure, wherein the radiation structure is a radiation structure according to any one of claims 1 to 14, and the coupler is connected to the microstrip line; A vector network analyzer is connected to the attenuator, the impedance adjustment structure, the coupler, and the microstrip line.

17. A radiation component, characterized in that: include: A frequency controller and a microwave source, wherein the frequency controller is connected to the microwave source and is used to control the operation of the microwave source; an attenuator and a coupler, wherein the attenuator is connected between the coupler and the microwave source; A radiation structure, wherein the radiation structure is a radiation structure according to any one of claims 1 to 14, the coupler is connected to the microstrip line, and the height difference between the feeding element and the coupling element is adjustable; A vector network analyzer is connected to the attenuator, the coupler, and the microstrip line.

18. A quantum sensing measurement method, characterized in that: include: A radiation component, the radiation component comprising the radiation component according to claim 17; The quantum sensing measurement method comprises: Setting a reflection coefficient threshold value, and adjusting the height difference between the feeding element and the coupling element during the frequency sweeping operation so that the reflection coefficient at each microwave frequency within the frequency sweeping range is less than the reflection coefficient threshold value; In the measurement environment, the microwave frequency used to excite the ground state electron spin of the NV color center to transition from the |0> state to the |±1> state is within the sweep frequency range.

19. The quantum sensing measurement method according to claim 18, characterized in that: Also includes: The height difference between the feeding element and the coupling element is adjusted multiple times so that, in the reflection coefficient curves at each microwave frequency, the intersection value of any two adjacent reflection coefficient curves is equal to the reflection coefficient threshold, or, in the reflection coefficient curves at each microwave frequency, the intersection value of any two adjacent reflection coefficient curves is less than the reflection coefficient threshold and the difference between the reflection coefficient threshold and the intersection value is less than or equal to a preset value.

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