Hard disk adaptive circuit

Abstract

The invention discloses a hard disk adaptive circuit and a hard disk switching method.The hard disk adaptive circuit comprises a processing module, a switching module, an SATA control module and a storage module, a processor is connected with the switching module and the SATA control module, the switching module is connected with the storage module, and the SATA control module is connected with the processing module. The switching module is used for switching a transmission protocol of the storage module, in order to realize that the same mainboard can be compatible with M.2 PCIE / SATA hard disk types at the same time, and an M.2 SSD hard disk PCIE and SATA self-adaptive circuit is added, the hard disk self-adaptive circuit is provided, the M.2 SSD hard disk can be freely switched on the mainboard of the same model according to needs, and the M.2 SSD hard disk self-adaptive circuit is flexible, convenient and high in cost performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of computer technology, and in particular to a hard disk adaptive circuit. Background Art

[0002] There are two types of M.2 SSD hard drives on the market: SATA and PCIE. SATA (Serial ATA) hard drives, also known as serial port hard drives, are the mainstream of computer mechanical hard drives and have basically replaced traditional PATA hard drives. The full name of SATA is Serial Advanced Technology Attachment; Serial ATA uses a serial connection method. The serial ATA bus uses an embedded clock signal and has a stronger error correction capability. Compared with the past, its biggest difference is that it can check the transmission instructions (not just data). If an error is found, it will automatically correct it, which greatly improves the reliability of data transmission. The serial interface also has the advantages of simple structure and hot-swappable support. SATA hard drive, also known as serial port hard drive, is a hard drive that uses a serial connection method. It is a traditional mechanical hard drive, mainly composed of a disk, a read / write head, a motor and other components. When data needs to be read or written, the motor drives the disk to rotate, and the read / write head moves on the surface of the disk to complete the data reading and writing operations.

[0003] PCIe is a general hardware and software architecture for connecting computer hardware devices. PCIe interface solid-state drives communicate directly with the CPU, reducing data transmission delays and significantly improving performance. There are multiple versions of the PCIe interface, such as PCIe 3.0 and PCIe 4.0. The higher the version, the greater the supported bandwidth and the faster the speed. The two types of SSD hard drives have their own advantages. The M.2 SATA hard drive is cost-effective and has a relatively low speed; the M.2 PCIE hard drive has a high speed but is more expensive. Users will choose the hard drive type according to their needs. The Feiteng D2000 platform CPU can only natively support one type of hard drive. The D2000 desktop motherboards on the market usually only support M.2 PCIE hard drives or M.2 SATA hard drives. Users can only choose one type of hard drive, which is quite limited.

[0004] The D2000 desktop motherboards on the market are currently designed to only support M.2 PCIE hard drives or M.2 SATA hard drives. If both are needed, two PC motherboards with different specifications need to be designed. Users can choose the motherboard type according to their needs. It is not possible to choose M.2 PCIE / SATA hard drive type on the same motherboard, so users are limited in their choices. How to adapt different hard drive types on the same motherboard is an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above technical problems, the present invention provides a hard disk adaptive circuit and a hard disk switching method.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a hard disk adaptive circuit, which includes: a processing module, a switching module, a SATA control module and a storage module, wherein the processor is connected to the switching module and the SATA control module respectively, the switching module is connected to the storage module, and the switching module is used to switch the transmission protocol of the storage module.

[0007] Optionally, the storage module is an SSD slot, and the SSD slot is used to insert different types of hard disks.

[0008] Optionally, the processing module is connected to the storage module via a PCIE protocol.

[0009] Optionally, the processing module is also connected to the SATA control module via a PCIE protocol, the SATA control module is connected to the switching module via a SATA protocol, the switching module is connected to the processing module via a PCIE protocol, and the switching module is also connected to the storage module via a PCIE protocol or a SATA protocol.

[0010] Optionally, the switching module is a switch chip.

[0011] Optionally, the sixth pin of the switch chip is connected to the sixty-ninth pin of the storage module.

[0012] Optionally, the sixth pin of the switch chip is connected to the drain of the MOS tube through a first resistor, the drain of the MOS tube is also connected to the power supply end through a second resistor, the gate of the MOS tube is connected to the sixty-ninth pin of the storage module, and the sixth pin of the switch chip is also connected to the gate of the MOS tube through a third resistor.

[0013] Optionally, the twenty-third pin, the twenty-fourth pin, the twenty-fifth pin and the twenty-sixth pin of the switching module are respectively connected to the processing module.

[0014] Optionally, the nineteenth pin, the twentieth pin, the twenty-first pin and the twenty-second pin of the switching module are respectively connected to the SATA control module.

[0015] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a hard disk switching method, which is applied to the hard disk adaptive circuit described in the first aspect, and the method further includes:

[0016] Get the hard disk type in the storage module;

[0017] According to the hard disk type, determining a transmission protocol corresponding to the hard disk type;

[0018] Switch the transmission protocol of the storage module.

[0019] The hard disk adaptive circuit and hard disk switching method provided by the present invention include: a processing module, a switching module, a SATA control module and a storage module, wherein the processor is respectively connected to the switching module and the SATA control module, the switching module is connected to the storage module, and the switching module is used to switch the transmission protocol of the storage module. In order to realize that the same motherboard can be compatible with M.2 PCIE / SATA hard disk types at the same time, an M.2 SSD hard disk PCIE and SATA adaptive circuit are added, and a hard disk adaptive circuit is provided, so that the M.2 SSD hard disk can be freely switched as needed on the same model motherboard, which is flexible, convenient and cost-effective. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a hard disk adaptive circuit structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of another hard disk adaptive circuit provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the pins of a card slot provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 A connection diagram of a switch chip provided in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] See also Figure 1 The present invention provides a structural schematic diagram of a hard disk adaptive circuit, the hard disk adaptive circuit includes a processing module 101, a switching module 103, a SATA control module 102 and a storage module 104, wherein the processing module 101 is connected to the switching module 103 and the SATA control module 102 respectively, the switching module 103 is connected to the storage module 104, and the switching module 103 is used to switch the transmission protocol of the storage module 103.

[0026] The processing module can be different types of single-chip microcomputers, which are set according to different required functions. For example, a TC397 chip or an SBC chip is used;

[0027] The hard disk adaptive circuit is applied to a mainboard, which includes a CPU, an external DDR4 memory, a FLASH data storage, a debugging serial port and a debugging / communication network port, to form a control platform of the data processing architecture; an FPGA, which communicates with the CPU based on a UART interface, a PCle interface, an SPI interface and a GPIO interface;

[0028] Wherein: the online upgrade of the FPGA program is completed based on the CPU; the CPU can be replaced in situ with a FT / 2000-4 processor or a D2000 processor. The mainboard also includes three parts: a power module, a mainboard module, and a display control module. The power module provides power for the whole machine, the mainboard module provides a computing management platform and interactive interfaces such as the network and USB for the whole machine, and is composed of a domestic processor FT-D2000 / 8, a bridge chip ZX-200, a display chip JM7200, and supporting components and circuits. The mainboard module provides a computing management platform and interactive interfaces such as the network and USB for the whole machine, including a domestic processor FT-D2000 / 8, a bridge chip ZX-200, a display chip JM7200, and supporting components and circuits;

[0029] It is based on the FT-D2000 / 8 processor, with 16GB DDR4 memory particles mounted on the surface. One PCIe 2.0x8 is connected to one Jingjiawei 7200 display chip, and two HDMI signals and one VGA signal are externally led out. One PCIe2.0x4 leads to four Gigabit networks through the Netcom 1860 network card chip. One PCIe2.0x4 is connected to the ZX-200 bridge chip to reserve more than one PCIe expansion signal. The M.2 interface can be connected to NVME or NGFF hard drives, and two PS / 2 interfaces and one MIC interface are reserved. At the same time, the domestic single-chip microcomputer chip GD32F303 is used to output PWM signals to automatically adjust the fan speed according to temperature feedback. The domestic CPLD chip is used to manage the control timing of the entire system in a unified and standardized manner.

[0030] The Feiteng D2000 platform CPU natively only supports the PCIE interface. Generally speaking, it supports M.2 PCIE SSD, which is designed to be directly connected to the CPU; it supports M.2 SATA SSD, which is designed to be directly connected to the SATA controller; but you can only choose one of the two, the two are not compatible.

[0031] The M.2mkey connector defines 4 lanes, of which the lane0 specification defines the multiplexing function, that is, the PCIE / SATA multiplexing PIN definition. Taking advantage of this feature, a switch chip PI3DBS16412ZLCEX is added to realize the switching of lane0 PCIE / SATA signals, thereby achieving compatibility with both PCIE and SATA M.2 SSDs.

[0032] 1. The M.2 mkey connector PIN69 defines the PEDET function, which is the module detection signal. If a SATA SSD is connected, the signal is pulled low to 0, and if a PCIE SSD is connected, the signal is pulled high to 1

[0033] 2. When the SATA SSD hard disk is connected, the corresponding PEDET signal is 0. The PEDET signal is connected to the switch chip channel switching control PIN SEL through the inversion circuit. The inversion circuit inverts the PEDET signal, and the corresponding logic is 1, that is, SEL=1: the signal channel selection is A TO C, and the M.2mkey connector lane0 is switched to the SATA signal. In this way, the SATA SSD hard disk function can be used normally.

[0034] 3. When the PCIE SSD hard disk is connected, the corresponding PEDET signal is 1, and the PEDET signal is connected to the switch chip channel switching control PIN SEL through the inversion circuit. The inversion circuit inverts the PEDET signal, and the corresponding logic is 0, that is, SEL=0: the signal channel selection is A TO B, and the M.2mkey connector lane0 is switched to the PCIE signal. In this way, the PCIE SSD hard disk function can be used normally.

[0035] Optionally, the storage module 104 is an SSD slot, and the SSD slot J12 is used to insert different types of hard disks.

[0036] Among them, J12 is the M.2 SSD connector slot. Solid State Disk (Solid State Disk or Solid State Drive, referred to as SSD), also known as solid-state drive, is a hard disk made of solid-state electronic storage chip arrays.

[0037] The M.2mkey connector defines 4 lanes, of which the lane0 specification defines the multiplexing function, that is, the PCIE / SATA multiplexing PIN definition. Taking advantage of this feature, a switch chip PI3DBS16412ZLCEX is added to realize the switching of lane0 PCIE / SATA signals, thereby achieving compatibility with both PCIE and SATA M.2 SSDs.

[0038] like Figure 2As shown, optionally, the processing module 101 is connected to the storage module via a PCIE protocol.

[0039] Optionally, the processing module 101 is also connected to the SATA control module via the PCIE protocol, the SATA control module is connected to the switching module via the SATA protocol, the switching module is connected to the processing module via the PCIE protocol, and the switching module is also connected to the storage module via the PCIE protocol or the SATA protocol.

[0040] The storage module can store SATA hard disks or PCIE hard disks, including:

[0041] SATA (Serial ATA) hard disk, also known as serial port hard disk, is the mainstream of computer mechanical hard disk and has basically replaced the traditional PATA hard disk. The full name of SATA is Serial Advanced Technology Attachment. The Serial ATA Committee, which is composed of several major manufacturers such as Intel, APT, Dell, IBM, Seagate, and Maxtor, formally established the Serial ATA 1.0 specification. In 2002, although the related equipment of Serial ATA has not yet been officially launched, the Serial ATA Committee has preemptively established the Serial ATA 2.0 specification. Serial ATA uses a serial connection method. The Serial ATA bus uses an embedded clock signal and has a stronger error correction capability. Compared with the past, its biggest difference is that it can check the transmission instructions (not just data). If errors are found, they will be automatically corrected, which greatly improves the reliability of data transmission. The serial interface also has the advantages of simple structure and hot plug support.

[0042] SATA, or Serial ATA, is the full name of Serial Advanced Technology Attachment. It is a new hard disk interface specification jointly proposed by Intel, IBM, Maxtor and Seagate. Because it uses a serial connection, hard disks using the SATA interface are also called serial port hard disks. The SATA specification increases the theoretical value of the external transmission rate of the hard disk to 150MB / s, which is 50% higher than Ultra ATA / 100 and about 13% higher than Ultra ATA / 133. The rate of the SATAII interface can be expanded to 2X (300MB / s) and 4X (600MB / s). The difference between SATA150 and SATAII is mainly divided by the speed of data transmission. In the future, SATA will allow hard disks to be overclocked by increasing the clock frequency, which can completely solve the final bottleneck of data transmission, the hard disk interface. The SATA hard disk interface requires a newer motherboard south bridge chip to support it, such as Intel ICH6, Intel ICH7, nVIDIA nForce4, VIAVT8237 and Si S964. Advantages of SATA: support hot plugging, fast transmission speed and high execution efficiency.

[0043] Each SATA hard disk storage node consists of a memory control interface MCI and a SATA hard disk controller. The MCI is responsible for generating, encapsulating or decapsulating message packets according to the message frame format, extracting and parsing the operation commands for accessing the storage node based on the received message packets, including initialization, setting the power saving mode of the storage node, sleep or wake-up, reading and writing memory, etc.

[0044] The communication between the SATA host and the SATA device uses the SATA protocol. [2] According to the function, the SATA protocol is divided into the physical layer, link layer, transport layer and command layer. The host and the device are connected virtually through messages, except for the physical layer which is physically connected through the SATA interface. The physical layer is the basis for communication between the host and the device. It is mainly responsible for the transmission and reception of code streams, converting high-speed serial differential signals into parallel data, and converting parallel data into high-speed serial differential signals. The link layer is mainly responsible for error-free transmission of messages, including 8B10B encoding and decoding, scrambling and descrambling, CRC checking, etc. The transport layer is mainly responsible for generating and parsing frame information structures (FIS). The command layer is mainly responsible for generating and parsing operation commands to access SATA hard disks.

[0045] PCI-E solid-state storage is a hard disk made of a storage chip array, consisting of a control unit and a storage unit NANDFLASH. The difference from a solid-state drive is that the interface is different and the communication bus is also different. It works by transmitting I / O through the PCI-Express bus.

[0046] PCIe is a high-speed expansion card installed directly on the server. Due to its direct connection, the performance of all PCIe-based solid-state storage is higher than that of server-based SATA, SAS and Fibre Channel (FC) solid-state storage. It is the best choice for applications with frequent read and write requirements, such as online transaction processing and data warehouses.

[0047] PCIe is a general-purpose hardware and software architecture for connecting computer hardware devices. PCIe interface solid-state drives communicate directly with the CPU, reducing data transmission latency and significantly improving performance. There are multiple versions of the PCIe interface, such as PCIe 3.0 and PCIe 4.0. The higher the version, the greater the bandwidth supported and the faster the speed.

[0048] Optionally, the switching module 103 is a switch chip U68. The U68 chip is a switch chip used to switch PCIE or SATA signals.

[0049] Optionally, the sixth pin of the switch chip is connected to the sixty-ninth pin of the storage module.

[0050] Optionally, the sixth pin of the switch chip is connected to the drain of the MOS tube through the first resistor R11700, the drain of the MOS tube is also connected to the power supply terminal 3.3V through the second resistor R11697, the gate of the MOS tube is connected to the sixty-ninth pin of the storage module, and the sixth pin of the switch chip is also connected to the gate of the MOS tube through the third resistor R11699.

[0051] By adding a switch chip, the same motherboard can be compatible with both M.2 PCIE / SATA hard drive types. A motherboard can be designed to freely switch M.2 SSD hard drives as needed on the same model of motherboard. This is flexible, convenient, cost-effective, and user-friendly, with obvious advantages.

[0052] Solid-state drives (SSDs) have gradually replaced traditional mechanical hard disks (HDDs) with their fast read and write speeds, low power consumption, and vibration resistance. The core of an SSD is a flash memory chip, which has no mechanical parts, so it runs more quietly and has a qualitative leap in speed. M.2 is a new SSD interface standard that is compact and can be easily installed in laptops and small PCs. SSDs with M.2 interfaces generally have higher transfer rates and lower power consumption. However, SSDs with M.2 interfaces also have different specifications, such as SATA and NVMe, which differ in performance.

[0053] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, optionally, the twenty-third pin, the twenty-fourth pin, the twenty-fifth pin and the twenty-sixth pin of the switching module 103 are respectively connected to the processing module.

[0054] Optionally, the nineteenth pin, the twentieth pin, the twenty-first pin and the twenty-second pin of the switching module 103 are respectively connected to the SATA control module.

[0055] An embodiment of the present invention provides a hard disk switching method, which is applied to the hard disk adaptive circuit mentioned above, and the method further includes:

[0056] Get the hard disk type in the storage module;

[0057] According to the hard disk type, determine the transmission protocol corresponding to the hard disk type;

[0058] Switch the transmission protocol of the storage module.

[0059] The hard disk adaptive circuit and hard disk switching method provided by the present invention include: a processing module, a switching module, a SATA control module and a storage module, wherein the processing module is respectively connected to the switching module and the SATA control module, the switching module is connected to the storage module, and the switching module is used to switch the transmission protocol of the storage module. In order to realize that the same motherboard can be compatible with M.2 PCIE / SATA hard disk types at the same time, an M.2 SSD hard disk PCIE and SATA adaptive circuit are added, and a hard disk adaptive circuit is provided, so that the M.2 SSD hard disk can be freely switched as needed on the same model motherboard, which is flexible, convenient and cost-effective.

[0060] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features may be replaced by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hard disk adaptive circuit, characterized in that: The hard disk adaptive circuit includes at least: a processing module, a switching module, a SATA control module and a storage module, wherein the processor is connected to the switching module and the SATA control module respectively, the switching module is connected to the storage module, and the switching module is used to switch the transmission protocol of the storage module.

2. The hard disk adaptive circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The storage module is an SSD slot, and the SSD slot is used to insert different types of hard disks.

3. The hard disk adaptive circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The processing module is connected to the storage module via the PCIE protocol.

4. The hard disk adaptive circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that: The processing module is also connected to the SATA control module via the PCIE protocol, the SATA control module is connected to the switching module via the SATA protocol, the switching module is connected to the processing module via the PCIE protocol, and the switching module is also connected to the storage module via the PCIE protocol or the SATA protocol.

5. The hard disk adaptive circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The switching module is a switch chip.

6. The hard disk adaptive circuit according to claim 5, characterized in that: The sixth pin of the switch chip is connected to the sixty-ninth pin of the storage module.

7. The hard disk adaptive circuit according to claim 6, characterized in that: The sixth pin of the switch chip is connected to the drain of the MOS tube through a first resistor, the drain of the MOS tube is also connected to the power supply end through a second resistor, the gate of the MOS tube is connected to the sixty-ninth pin of the storage module, and the sixth pin of the switch chip is also connected to the gate of the MOS tube through a third resistor.

8. The hard disk adaptive circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The twenty-third pin, the twenty-fourth pin, the twenty-fifth pin and the twenty-sixth pin of the switching module are respectively connected to the processing module.

9. The hard disk adaptive circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nineteenth pin, the twentieth pin, the twenty-first pin and the twenty-second pin of the switching module are respectively connected to the SATA control module.

10. A hard disk switching method, characterized in that: Applied to the hard disk adaptive circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the method further comprises: Get the hard disk type in the storage module; According to the hard disk type, determining a transmission protocol corresponding to the hard disk type; Switch the transmission protocol of the storage module.

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