Regional ecological security pattern construction method and system based on MCR model and circuit theory

Abstract

The invention relates to a regional ecological security pattern construction method and system based on an MCR model and a circuit theory, and the method comprises the steps: determining ecological resistance factor data based on basic data related to ecological resistance factors; performing ecological resistance factor assignment according to an ecological resistance factor assignment standard; according to the ecological resistance factor assignment and the weight, constructing an ecological resistance surface of the region; based on the ecological resistance surface of the region, calculating to obtain a minimum cost path between each ecological source land, constructing an ecological corridor network of the region according to the minimum cost path, analyzing the ecological corridor network, obtaining ecological nodes and ecological resistance points in the ecological corridor network, and obtaining one or more ecological corridors which have the most significant influence on the overall connectivity and stability; the system comprises a preprocessing module, a calculation module, an extraction module and an analysis module. According to the method, the high-precision and high-connectivity ecological network is constructed based on multi-model cooperation, and the requirements of ecological protection and space planning can be well met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to an ecological resistance surface construction and ecological corridor identification optimization method based on the coordinated application of multiple ecological models, and also provides a computer system for implementing the method, belonging to the technical field of ecological environment protection and regional space planning. Background Art

[0002] In ecological protection and regional planning, establishing an ecological security pattern is an effective means to maintain the stability of regional ecosystems and prevent excessive urban development and construction. Its components include ecological sources, ecological corridors and ecological nodes. In the relevant research on ecological security pattern, the construction of resistance surface and the extraction of ecological corridors have always been the core content of the research.

[0003] Ecological resistance surface is an important concept in landscape ecology, reflecting the difficulty of biological migration under different environmental conditions. By constructing the ecological resistance surface, the impact of environmental factors on biological migration can be quantified, thus providing a scientific basis for ecosystem management and protection. When constructing the ecological resistance surface, the first step of the study is to screen the ecological resistance factors and establish specific resistance values ​​in order to accurately analyze the migration resistance of organisms under different environmental conditions, and then formulate more effective protection and management strategies.

[0004] An ecological corridor is a linear zone connecting two or more natural ecosystems. It is usually a narrow strip of corridors with ecological service functions composed of vegetation, water bodies and other landscape types. It is used to connect scattered ecological patches. Its main function is to provide a channel for migration, diffusion and communication of organisms and energy, forming a complete ecological network, thereby supporting biodiversity conservation. It is an important part of the ecological security pattern. Ecological nodes are one of the key nodes in the landscape evolution process and one of the core areas for protecting and maintaining ecology. Ecological nodes play a pivotal role in the ecological network. Ecological connections are established between different geographical regions, which promotes communication and gene flow between organisms. They play an important role in connection and exchange, and play an important role in supporting and maintaining the health and stability of the ecosystem.

[0005] Current research mainly builds ecological networks based on the "patch-corridor-matrix" or "pattern-process-function" principle of landscape ecology theory, based on the least cost path (LCP) method, GIS analysis method, etc., according to the research process of "source-resistance surface-corridor". However, the existing ecological resistance surface construction and ecological corridor identification methods have certain limitations in accuracy and connectivity. Traditional methods often fail to achieve the functional connectivity of ecosystems in the identified ecological corridors due to insufficient data integration and low model resolution, resulting in discrepancies between the results of establishing the ecological security pattern and the actual situation, making it difficult to implement.

[0006] The minimum cumulative resistance model (MCR) is a commonly used spatial analysis method in landscape ecology, which aims to measure the impact of factors such as topography and land cover on biological migration and landscape connectivity. The model can simulate the pattern changes of landscape objects at the patch level and the interaction between ecological processes.

[0007] In the study of ecological security pattern, the application of MCR model to extract ecological source areas, delineate resistance surfaces and identify corridors has become the mainstream method. However, when used alone, the model has certain limitations, such as the cumbersome process of identifying potential corridors, high repetition rate, and the extraction process is easily affected by the subjective influence of operators.

[0008] The Linkage Mapper and Circuitscape models are based on circuit theory to identify ecological corridors and ecological pinch points. In the field of landscape ecology, circuit theory is used to describe and analyze species migration and connectivity in ecosystems. This theory regards the biological communities and habitats in the ecosystem as nodes or resistors in the circuit, and the habitat channels connecting these nodes as wires or resistors in the circuit. It uses the random walk characteristics of electrons to simulate the material and energy flow paths of species in the source unit to simulate the interaction and migration patterns between species. This model takes into account the characteristics of species random walks and can comprehensively consider multiple factors of biological migration, including habitat quality, connectivity and terrain characteristics. Therefore, it has certain advantages in the extraction process of ecological corridors, especially when there is a lack of migration data of target species. The connectivity model based on circuit theory has strong applicability. Under heterogeneous landscape conditions, the model uses multi-path simulation to predict the various possibilities of species migration in order to obtain more reasonable species diffusion paths. Therefore, these models are more scientific, fast and accurate in optimizing ecological corridors and ecological node identification. Summary of the invention

[0009] The purpose of the present invention is to improve the precision / accuracy of ecological corridor identification in regional ecological security patterns.

[0010] The technical solution of the present invention is: a method for constructing a regional ecological security pattern based on the MCR model and circuit theory, determining ecological resistance factor data (ecological resistance factor status) based on basic data (basic information) involved in ecological resistance factors; assigning ecological resistance factors according to ecological resistance factor assignment standards; constructing a regional ecological resistance surface based on the ecological resistance factor assignments and weights; based on the regional ecological resistance surface, calculating the minimum cost path between each ecological source, and constructing a regional ecological corridor (ecological corridor network) on this basis.

[0011] Identification and confirmation of ecological sources (habitat patches) can be carried out based on any suitable existing technology.

[0012] The original data (original information) used to determine the data of each ecological resistance factor can be collected, and the original data can be pre-processed (or data cleaning, for example, eliminating erroneous data, filling in missing data, standardizing / unifying data formats, etc.) to form basic data related to ecological resistance factors.

[0013] Preferably, the ecological corridor network is analyzed to obtain ecological nodes and ecological resistance points in the ecological corridor network.

[0014] Preferably, the ecological corridor network is optimized based on (eg, as one of the important factors considered in the optimization) ecological nodes and ecological resistance points.

[0015] Preferably, the ecological corridor network is analyzed to obtain one or more ecological corridors that have the most significant impact on overall connectivity and stability.

[0016] Preferably, the ecological corridor network is optimized based on (eg, as one of the important factors considered in the optimization) one or more ecological corridors that have the most significant impact on overall connectivity and stability.

[0017] Preferably, the Delphi method and the analytic hierarchy process are combined, and the assignment criteria and weights of ecological resistance factors are determined mainly through expert survey / consultation.

[0018] Preferably, multiple rounds of expert surveys are conducted, questionnaires are designed based on the analytic hierarchy process, and the weight hierarchy of each ecological resistance factor is quantified. After the first round of surveys, the results of the previous round of surveys are sorted, summarized and counted before each round of surveys, and the results are sent to experts together with the current round of survey questionnaires.

[0019] Preferably, after the first round of surveys are conducted, before each round of surveys, it is determined whether the questionnaire needs to be modified based on the results of the previous survey. If so, the questionnaire is modified.

[0020] Preferably, the MCR model is used to construct the ecological resistance surface of the region.

[0021] Preferably, the method for analyzing the ecological corridor network to obtain ecological nodes and ecological resistance points in the ecological corridor network is to analyze based on circuit theory (using a circuit model).

[0022] Preferably, the method for analyzing the ecological corridor network in order to obtain one or more ecological corridors that have the most significant impact on the overall connectivity and stability is to analyze based on circuit theory (using a circuit model).

[0023] Preferably, a circuit model for analyzing the ecological corridor network is constructed in the following manner: the ecological source is used as a node in the circuit model, the line connection (single resistance connection) between the nodes is constructed according to the ecological corridor connection method between the ecological source points, and the resistance value between the corresponding nodes is set in the same proportion according to the minimum cost distance between the ecological source points (the weighted moving distance of the minimum cost path).

[0024] Preferably, for any two sources, one of the sources is used as the input end and the other source is used as the output end, a certain current (for example, 1 unit current, for example, 1A) is connected, the current flowing through each resistor is calculated, all combinations of the two sources are traversed, and the current sum or weighted current sum of each resistor in all combinations is calculated. The ecological corridor between the sources corresponding to one or more resistors with the smallest current sum or weighted current sum (the minimum cost path between the sources) is taken as the one or more ecological corridors with the most significant impact on the overall connectivity and stability.

[0025] Preferably, the weights of the currents in each combination when calculating the weighted current sum are set according to the actual conditions of the two relevant sources (the two sources serving as the current input and output ends) and the region, for example, the scale of the two sources and the degree of matching thereof (the larger the scale and / or the higher the degree of matching of the scale, the greater the weight), and / or the (past or predicted) main direction / route of migration of relevant organisms in the region (the current weights of the two sources on the main direction / route of migration are greater than the current weights of the two sources not on the main direction / route of migration).

[0026] The regional ecological security pattern construction system based on the MCR model and circuit theory adopts any of the regional ecological security pattern construction based on the MCR model and circuit theory disclosed in the present invention to implement the regional ecological security pattern construction.

[0027] Further, the system comprises: Preprocessing module: used to obtain the original data for the construction of regional ecological security pattern in the study area within the preset time range (the original data for calculating and determining each ecological resistance factor), preprocess the original data (or data cleaning, for example, eliminating erroneous data, filling in missing data, standardizing / unifying data format, etc.), and form the original data for the construction of regional ecological security pattern (the original data for calculating and determining each ecological resistance factor); Calculation module: used to determine the ecological resistance factor data (ecological resistance factor status) based on the basic data (basic information) involved in the ecological resistance factor, and to assign the ecological resistance factor according to the ecological resistance factor assignment standard; and to construct the regional ecological resistance surface according to the ecological resistance factor assignment and weight; Extraction module: used to calculate the minimum cost path between ecological sources based on the regional ecological resistance surface, and construct the regional ecological corridor (ecological corridor network) based on this.

[0028] Furthermore, the system may also include or not include an analysis module, which is used to analyze the ecological corridor network to obtain ecological nodes and ecological resistance points in the ecological corridor network, and / or, the analysis module is used to analyze the ecological corridor network to obtain one or more ecological corridors that have the most significant impact on the overall connectivity and stability.

[0029] Preferably, a basic database is constructed based on the basic data obtained after preprocessing, and the basic database retains or does not retain the original data and the preprocessing records of the original data.

[0030] Preferably, a network communication device may be provided to access a related external database / server through the network to obtain the original data that can be directly obtained from the external database.

[0031] Preferably, online expert consultation can be adopted, and an expert consultation questionnaire can be designed based on the hierarchical analysis method. The collected expert consultation questionnaires can be automatically counted and scored by computer to automatically generate the weight of each evaluation factor.

[0032] Furthermore, when the collected expert consultation questionnaires are automatically counted and scored (by computer), invalid and illegal questionnaires are eliminated.

[0033] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: based on the MCR model, the present invention selects six factors, namely, land use type, topography, vegetation coverage, distance from roads and night light index, to construct a comprehensive resistance surface, and combines circuit theory to identify potential ecological corridors and ecological pinch points, breaking the previous fixed corridor division pattern, more accurately identifying regional ecological corridors and distinguishing ecological pinch points and obstacle points, so as to repair the connectivity of regional ecological corridors, and provide scientific analysis methods and effective data support for subsequent planning, thereby avoiding the limitations and inaccuracies caused by ignoring the influence of other natural factors and human factors outside the established routes such as river systems.

[0034] The present invention is based on multi-model collaboration and constructs a high-precision, high-connectivity ecological network through multi-step innovation in the construction of system indicators on the ecological resistance surface and the identification and optimization of ecological corridors, which can better meet the needs of ecological protection and spatial planning. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] See also Figure 1The present invention proposes a method to improve the accuracy of ecological resistance surface construction and ecological corridor identification through multi-model collaboration. The specific steps are as follows: Step 1: Construct regional ecological resistance surface The regional ecological resistance surface was constructed based on multidimensional environmental data. Six factors were selected, including land use type, topography, vegetation coverage, distance from roads and night light index. These factors can fully reflect the natural and human interference in the process of biological migration, and can effectively describe the heterogeneity of the ecosystem and the integrity of the ecological function.

[0037] In order to determine the importance and weight of each factor in the overall resistance surface, a weight determination method combining the Delphi method and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used. The Delphi method ensures that the weight of each factor reflects the true ecological significance through multiple rounds of expert consultation; while the AHP further quantifies the weight hierarchy of each factor in the resistance surface, making the weight distribution more scientific and reasonable. This combined process effectively solves the problems of subjective bias and unreasonable weight division that may exist in a single method.

[0038] Based on the ArcGIS platform, the acquired data was reclassified and overlaid to reflect the size of the resistance value at a unified scale and to construct a comprehensive resistance surface. The larger the resistance coefficient, the more difficult and costly the biological migration or species diffusion. Based on the analysis results, the MCR (minimum cumulative resistance) model was used to construct the regional minimum resistance surface. This step optimized the data processing and model parameters and improved the accuracy of the ecological resistance level range identification.

[0039] Step 2: Screening potential ecological corridors After constructing the basic ecological resistance surface, the Linkage Mapper model is used to conduct an in-depth analysis to identify possible paths that may serve as ecological corridors. The core of the Linkage Mapper model is to calculate the weighted migration cost from each grid cell of the ecological resistance surface to a specific ecological source. This weighted cost reflects the resistance value of organisms on the ecological resistance surface when migrating from a certain location to the ecological source.

[0040] First, the constructed ecological resistance surface data and the locations of each ecological source are imported into the model. The model will accurately calculate the weighted migration cost of each grid unit to reach the designated source. This process fully considers the influence of various external conditions. Under the influence of different external factors, the cost of reaching the source from different pixels is different; secondly, the cost-weighted distance data is superimposed on the source to obtain the cumulative movement cost trajectory between the sources; finally, the minimum cost distance (LCD) is formed by the minimum value of the trajectory to form the minimum cost path and screen out the potential ecological corridor path. This process, combined with the optimized ecological resistance surface data, improves the convenience and accuracy of ecological corridor screening.

[0041] Step 3: Extract ecological corridors In the ecological network system, the centrality of an ecological corridor is a key indicator to measure its importance or central position in the network. A higher centrality means that the corridor is more important in biological migration, gene flow, and maintaining ecological connectivity. The Centrality Mapper module is based on the principles of network science and uses the ArcGIS platform to determine the relative importance of nodes in the entire network by evaluating their connectivity and paths in the network.

[0042] In this module, each core area (i.e., ecological source) is regarded as a node, and the minimum cost path is used as the connection between any two ecological sources. The resistance value of this path is the cost-weighted distance of the minimum cost path. By inputting a current of 1A in one ecological source and grounding another ecological source, the current of each ecological source and ecological corridor can be accumulated and summed to obtain a total current value.

[0043] In this simulated circuit, the magnitude of the current on the ecological corridor reflects the concentration and frequency of biological migration on the path. The larger the current value, the more important the corridor is for maintaining the overall connectivity of the entire habitat network. Based on this current accumulation data, the model can quantitatively screen out the ecological corridors that have the most significant impact on the overall connectivity and stability of the ecological network.

[0044] Step 4: Identify ecological pinch points and resistance points In order to optimize the overall connectivity of the ecological corridor, this step uses the Circuitscape model to conduct an in-depth analysis of the constructed ecological corridor, focusing on identifying ecological bottlenecks and ecological resistance nodes. These key points are weak links or high-resistance areas in the ecological corridor network that may affect biological migration and gene exchange. By effectively identifying and optimizing these nodes, the connectivity of the ecological network can be greatly improved.

[0045] Based on the Circuitscape module, the Pinchpoint Mapper tool was used for analysis to identify ecological pinch points in the minimum cost corridor and give priority to protecting these areas that are critical to the connectivity of the study area. The Barrier Mapper was used to search for barrier points using the window moving method, with a minimum search radius of 500 meters, a maximum search radius of 1000 meters, and a step length of 100 meters. This can capture large-scale connectivity changes while ensuring fine processing of barrier points at a smaller scale, ensuring the comprehensiveness and meticulousness of the analysis, and calculating the new least cost path (Least Cost Path, LCP) that may be formed after the barrier points are removed from the ecological corridor.

[0046] The results of this analysis show how the removal of resistance points affects the optimal path and overall migration cost of the corridor. Through this analysis, not only can the most critical resistance points be identified, but also specific adjustment basis can be provided for subsequent ecological restoration and management, such as selectively eliminating or mitigating some resistance points to enhance the accessibility of the corridor.

[0047] After identifying ecological pinch points and resistance points, this step provides a scientific basis for optimizing the overall connectivity of ecological corridors, making the ecological corridor network more resilient and stable under different environmental conditions, thereby effectively supporting biodiversity conservation and the sustainability of ecological functions.

[0048] Unless otherwise specified or when one preferred or optional technical means is a further limitation of another technical means, the preferred and optional technical means disclosed in the present invention can be arbitrarily combined to form several different specific implementation methods.

Claims

1. A method for constructing regional ecological security pattern based on MCR model and circuit theory, characterized by Based on the basic data related to the ecological resistance factor, the ecological resistance factor data is determined; the ecological resistance factor is assigned according to the ecological resistance factor assignment standard; based on the ecological resistance factor assignment and weight, the regional ecological resistance surface is constructed; based on the regional ecological resistance surface, the minimum cost path between the ecological sources is calculated, and the regional ecological corridor network is constructed accordingly.

2. The method for constructing a regional ecological security pattern according to claim 1, characterized in that The ecological corridor network is analyzed to obtain the ecological nodes and ecological resistance points in the ecological corridor network.

3. The method for constructing a regional ecological security pattern according to claim 2, characterized in that The ecological corridor network is optimized based on ecological nodes and ecological resistance points.

4. The method for constructing a regional ecological security pattern according to claim 1, characterized in that Analyze the ecological corridor network to obtain one or more ecological corridors that have the most significant impact on overall connectivity and stability.

5. The method for constructing a regional ecological security pattern according to claim 1, characterized in that Combining the Delphi method and the analytic hierarchy process, the assignment criteria and weights of ecological resistance factors are determined mainly through expert survey / consultation.

6. The method for constructing a regional ecological security pattern according to claim 5, characterized in that Multiple rounds of expert surveys were conducted, and questionnaires were designed based on the analytic hierarchy process to quantify the weight hierarchy of each ecological resistance factor. After the first round of surveys, the results of the previous round of surveys were sorted, summarized and counted before each round of surveys, and the results were sent to experts together with the current round of survey questionnaires.

7. The method for constructing a regional ecological security pattern according to claim 6, characterized in that After the first round of surveys, before each round of surveys, it is determined whether the questionnaire needs to be modified based on the results of the previous survey. If so, the questionnaire will be modified.

8. A regional ecological security pattern construction system based on the MCR model and circuit theory, characterized by The regional ecological security pattern construction based on the MCR model and circuit theory according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is adopted to implement the regional ecological security pattern construction.

9. The regional ecological security pattern construction system according to claim 8, characterized in that include: Preprocessing module: used to obtain the original data for the construction of regional ecological security pattern in the study area within a preset time range, preprocess the original data, and form the original data for the construction of regional ecological security pattern; Calculation module: used to determine the ecological resistance factor data based on the basic data involved in the ecological resistance factor, and to assign the ecological resistance factor according to the ecological resistance factor assignment standard; According to the ecological resistance factor assignment and weight, the regional ecological resistance surface is constructed; Extraction module: used to calculate the minimum cost path between ecological sources based on the regional ecological resistance surface, and construct the regional ecological corridor accordingly.

10. The regional ecological security pattern construction system according to claim 9, characterized in that Including or excluding an analysis module, the analysis module is used to analyze the ecological corridor network to obtain ecological nodes and ecological resistance points in the ecological corridor network, and / or the analysis module is used to analyze the ecological corridor network to obtain one or more ecological corridors that have the most significant impact on overall connectivity and stability.

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