Hydrogen fuel cell system humidity control method, control system, hydrogen fuel cell system and storage medium

Abstract

The invention discloses a humidity control method for a hydrogen fuel cell system. The method comprises the following steps: S1, establishing a prediction model; s2, acquiring second data information; s3, calculating a first difference value, a second difference value and a third difference value; s4, adjusting the current state parameter of the hydrogen fuel cell system by taking the first difference value, the second difference value and the third difference value as targets; and S5, the fuel cell controller continuously monitors the voltage average difference value and the HFR value of the single cell in each dynamic loading and unloading process until the first difference value, the second difference value and the third difference value reach a set range. According to the humidity control method of the hydrogen fuel cell system, the reliability and durability of the fuel cell stack and the proton exchange membrane can be improved. The invention also discloses a control system for implementing the humidity control method of the hydrogen fuel cell system, the fuel cell system and a computer readable storage medium.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and in particular, relates to a humidity control method, a control system, a hydrogen fuel cell system and a storage medium for a hydrogen fuel cell system. Background Art

[0002] A hydrogen fuel cell is a system that converts chemical energy of hydrogen and oxygen into electrical energy and thermal energy through an electrochemical reaction. It is not limited by the Carnot cycle, has a high energy conversion efficiency, and can operate continuously for a long time as long as there is enough fuel gas. The fuel cell system is mainly composed of a fuel cell stack, an air subsystem, a hydrogen subsystem, a cooling system, and an electronic control system. During actual operation, the electronic control system needs to monitor the flow, temperature, and pressure of the anode, cathode, and cooling circuit in real time, as well as the voltage and current of the fuel cell stack, and adjust the air compressor, back pressure valve, hydrogen intake valve, hydrogen circulation pump, electronic thermostat, electronic water pump and other actuators accordingly, so that the system operates under the target operating conditions, thereby ensuring that the system achieves the target function and performance.

[0003] Among various operating conditions, factors such as cathode air flow, inlet temperature, anode circulation volume, inlet temperature, and outlet cooling water temperature will directly affect the dry and wet state of the proton exchange membrane, and the dry and wet state of the membrane directly affects the performance of the stack. The performance change can be characterized by observable signals such as the voltage of the single cell of the stack and the internal resistance value HFR. During steady-state and dynamic load-and-drop operation, controlling the dry and wet state of the membrane within a reasonable expected range is crucial to the efficient performance and long-term reliable operation.

[0004] There are two main humidity control methods for proton exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cells currently used:

[0005] 1. By controlling the auxiliary cooling water pump and other actuators, the cooling capacity of the intercooler is controlled, and then the cathode air temperature passing through the intercooler is controlled, so that the humidification effect of the air after entering the external humidifier can be changed, thereby achieving the purpose of controlling the membrane dryness and humidity.

[0006] 2. By controlling the bypass valve of the external humidifier, the excess air flow is bypassed, thereby controlling the air flow entering the humidifier, and ultimately controlling the air flow entering the stack and the accompanying moisture, thereby achieving the purpose of controlling the dryness and wetness of the membrane.

[0007] In actual application, the above two methods are simple and easy for external humidification fuel cell systems, but in self-humidification fuel cell systems, the purpose of controlling the dryness and wetness of the proton exchange membrane cannot be achieved through the above means. Although the evaporation of water in the proton exchange membrane can be affected by changing operating conditions such as operating temperature, and ultimately the effect of affecting the dryness and wetness of the membrane can be achieved, the effect on the dryness and wetness of the dynamic process is weak, and when the operating environment of the operating machine changes significantly, the adaptive ability is poor.

[0008] Based on this, it is hoped to provide a method for controlling the dryness and wetness of a membrane of a self-humidifying proton exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cell during dynamic loading and unloading, especially regarding how to improve the reliability and durability of the proton exchange membrane. Summary of the invention

[0009] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, the present invention provides a method for controlling humidity in a hydrogen fuel cell system, the purpose of which is to improve the reliability and durability of a proton exchange membrane.

[0010] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a method for controlling humidity of a hydrogen fuel cell system, comprising:

[0011] S1. Establishing a prediction model based on the first data information;

[0012] S2, the fuel cell controller obtains second data information, the second data information including the average value of the single cell voltage, the deviation of the single cell voltage from the average value and the actual value of the HFR value;

[0013] S3. When dynamic load reduction occurs, a first difference, a second difference and a third difference are calculated, wherein the first difference is the difference between the mean value of the single cell voltage calculated by the prediction model and the actual mean value of the single cell voltage, the second difference is the difference between the mean difference of the single cell voltage calculated by the prediction model and the actual mean difference of the single cell voltage, and the third difference is the difference between the HFR value calculated by the prediction model and the actual HFR value;

[0014] S4, adjusting the current state parameters of the hydrogen fuel cell system with the first difference, the second difference and the third difference as targets;

[0015] S5. The fuel cell controller continuously monitors the mean difference of the single cell voltage and the HFR value during each dynamic load addition and reduction process until the first difference, the second difference and the third difference reach a set range.

[0016] The first data information includes the coolant temperature at the stack outlet, the cathode air flow, the cathode air pressure, the anode stoichiometric ratio and the anode inlet temperature.

[0017] The second data information also includes the stack outlet coolant temperature, cathode air flow, cathode air pressure, anode stoichiometric ratio and anode inlet temperature.

[0018] The current state parameters of the hydrogen fuel cell system are adjusted including the stack outlet coolant temperature, cathode air flow, cathode air pressure, anode stoichiometric ratio and anode inlet temperature. During the system load reduction process, the optimized stack outlet coolant temperature, cathode air flow, cathode air pressure, anode stoichiometric ratio and anode inlet temperature are used as dynamic operating conditions.

[0019] In the step S2, the deviation of the single cell voltage from the mean is fed back to the fuel cell controller by the stack single cell voltage inspection unit.

[0020] In the step S2, the HFR value is fed back to the fuel cell controller by the fuel cell DC boost conversion unit.

[0021] The present invention also provides a control system for implementing the hydrogen fuel cell system humidity control method, including a fuel cell controller and a plurality of sensors, wherein the plurality of sensors are used to collect the first data information and the second data information.

[0022] The plurality of sensors include a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor.

[0023] The present invention also provides a fuel cell system, including a control system for implementing the humidity control method of the hydrogen fuel cell system.

[0024] The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores computer-executable instructions, and the computer-executable instructions are used to enable a computer to execute the hydrogen fuel cell system humidity control method.

[0025] The humidity control method of the hydrogen fuel cell system of the present invention can monitor the signal state of the system that is highly correlated with the dryness and wetness of the proton exchange membrane in real time, identify the drastic changes in the membrane wetness that may occur during the dynamic loading and unloading process of the system, correct and optimize the target operating conditions during the loading and unloading process, and ultimately make the changes in the membrane wetness during the loading and unloading process within a reasonable expected range, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the reliability and durability of the proton exchange membrane of the fuel cell stack. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 This is the basic principle diagram of humidity control of a self-humidifying proton exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cell;

[0027] Figure 2 It is the basic flow chart of the model predictive control mode;

[0028] The markings in the above figures are: 1. gas diffusion layer; 2. proton exchange membrane; 3. membrane electrode assembly; 4. air compressor; 5. hydrogen circulation pump; 6. hydrogen pressure control valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The specific implementation methods of the present invention are further explained in detail below by describing the embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, with the aim of helping those skilled in the art to have a more complete, accurate and in-depth understanding of the concept and technical solution of the present invention and facilitating its implementation.

[0030] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed on" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may be a central element. When an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be a central element at the same time. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "upper", "lower" and similar expressions used in this article are for illustrative purposes only.

[0031] It should be noted that, in the following embodiments, the “first”, “second” and “third” mentioned do not represent an absolute distinction in structure and / or function, nor do they represent a sequence of execution, but are merely for the convenience of description.

[0032] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly connected by technicians in the technical field to which the present invention belongs. The terminology used in the specification of the present invention is for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and is not intended to limit the present invention. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more related listed items.

[0033] The present invention provides a method for controlling humidity of a hydrogen fuel cell system, comprising:

[0034] S1. Establishing a prediction model based on the first data information;

[0035] S2, the fuel cell controller obtains second data information, the second data information including the average value of the single cell voltage, the deviation of the single cell voltage from the average value and the actual value of the HFR value;

[0036] S3. When dynamic load reduction occurs, a first difference, a second difference and a third difference are calculated, wherein the first difference is the difference between the mean value of the single cell voltage calculated by the prediction model and the actual mean value of the single cell voltage, the second difference is the difference between the mean difference of the single cell voltage calculated by the prediction model and the actual mean difference of the single cell voltage, and the third difference is the difference between the HFR value calculated by the prediction model and the actual HFR value;

[0037] S4, adjusting the current state parameters of the hydrogen fuel cell system with the first difference, the second difference and the third difference as targets;

[0038] S5. The fuel cell controller continuously monitors the mean difference of the single cell voltage and the HFR value during each dynamic load addition and reduction process until the first difference, the second difference and the third difference reach a set range.

[0039] The first data information includes the coolant temperature at the stack outlet, the cathode air flow, the cathode air pressure, the anode stoichiometric ratio and the anode inlet temperature.

[0040] The second data information also includes the stack outlet coolant temperature, cathode air flow, cathode air pressure, anode stoichiometric ratio and anode inlet temperature.

[0041] The current state parameters of the hydrogen fuel cell system are adjusted including the stack outlet coolant temperature, cathode air flow, cathode air pressure, anode stoichiometric ratio and anode inlet temperature. During the system load reduction process, the optimized stack outlet coolant temperature, cathode air flow, cathode air pressure, anode stoichiometric ratio and anode inlet temperature are used as dynamic operating conditions.

[0042] In the step S2, the deviation of the single cell voltage from the mean is fed back to the fuel cell controller by the stack single cell voltage inspection unit.

[0043] In the step S2, the HFR value is fed back to the fuel cell controller by the fuel cell DC boost conversion unit.

[0044] The present invention also provides a control system for implementing the hydrogen fuel cell system humidity control method, including a fuel cell controller and a plurality of sensors, wherein the plurality of sensors are used to collect the first data information and the second data information.

[0045] The plurality of sensors include a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor.

[0046] The present invention also provides a fuel cell system, including a control system for implementing the humidity control method of the hydrogen fuel cell system.

[0047] The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores computer-executable instructions, and the computer-executable instructions are used to enable a computer to execute the hydrogen fuel cell system humidity control method.

[0048] Example

[0049] In a first aspect of the present invention, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for controlling humidity of a hydrogen fuel cell system, comprising:

[0050] S1. Establish a prediction model based on the first data information, where the prediction model is used to calculate the single cell voltage mean, the single cell voltage deviation from the mean, and the HFR (High Frequency Resistance) value;

[0051] S2, the fuel cell controller obtains second data information, the second data information including the average value of the single cell voltage, the deviation of the single cell voltage from the average value and the actual value of the HFR value;

[0052] S3. When dynamic load reduction occurs, a first difference, a second difference and a third difference are calculated, wherein the first difference is the difference between the mean value of the single cell voltage calculated by the prediction model and the actual mean value of the single cell voltage, the second difference is the difference between the mean difference of the single cell voltage calculated by the prediction model and the actual mean difference of the single cell voltage, and the third difference is the difference between the HFR value calculated by the prediction model and the actual HFR value;

[0053] S4, adjusting the current state parameters of the hydrogen fuel cell system with the first difference, the second difference and the third difference as targets;

[0054] S5. The fuel cell controller continuously monitors the mean difference of the single cell voltage and the HFR value during each dynamic load addition and reduction process until the first difference, the second difference and the third difference reach the set range, determines the final target value, and freezes the target value.

[0055] Specifically, the embodiments of the present invention mainly involve a humidity control method for changing the dynamic loading and unloading process of a self-humidifying hydrogen fuel cell system, which is applied to the controller software of a self-humidifying proton exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cell system, and the signal state of the system that is highly correlated with the membrane dryness and wetness is monitored in real time during the operation process, and the phenomenon of drastic changes in membrane dryness and wetness that may occur during the dynamic loading and unloading process of the system is identified, so that the system controller software can correct and optimize the target operating conditions of each subsystem such as the cathode, anode, cooling system, etc. during the loading and unloading process, and finally the change in membrane dryness and wetness during the loading and unloading process is within a reasonable expected range, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the reliability and durability of the proton exchange membrane of the fuel cell stack.

[0056] The humidity control method for a hydrogen fuel cell system in an embodiment of the present invention improves the rationality and accuracy of the humidity control of the proton exchange membrane when dynamic load addition and reduction occurs during the operation of the fuel cell system, and coordinates and controls factors such as the system operating temperature, cathode stoichiometric ratio, anode circulation volume and inlet temperature during the load reduction process, so that the system humidity during the load reduction process is at a reasonable level, avoiding abnormal phenomena such as poor consistency or large fluctuations in single cell voltage due to inappropriate humidity, and a sharp increase or decrease in HFR value, and minimizing the adverse effects on the durability and service life of the battery stack and system caused by drastic changes or fluctuations in dryness and humidity during the load reduction process.

[0057] In the above step S1, the first data information includes the coolant temperature at the stack outlet, the cathode air flow, the cathode air pressure, the anode stoichiometric ratio and the anode inlet temperature. The outlet of the fuel cell stack discharges the coolant, the cathode air flow of the fuel cell stack refers to the amount of air entering the air inlet, the cathode air pressure of the fuel cell stack refers to the air pressure at the air inlet, the anode inlet temperature of the fuel cell stack refers to the temperature of the hydrogen inlet, hydrogen enters the fuel cell stack from the hydrogen inlet, and air enters the fuel cell stack from the air inlet. The anode stoichiometric ratio of the fuel cell system refers to the ratio of the hydrogen flow to the oxygen flow, and the size of the anode stoichiometric ratio will directly affect the output power and efficiency of the fuel cell.

[0058] In the above step S1, a prediction model is established based on signals such as the coolant temperature at the outlet of the stack, the cathode air flow and pressure, the anode stoichiometric ratio and the inlet temperature, and the single cell voltage mean, the single cell voltage deviation and the HFR value are calculated by the prediction model to obtain the predicted values ​​of the calculated single cell voltage mean, the single cell voltage deviation and the HFR value. The single cell voltage mean refers to the average value of all single cell voltages, and the single cell voltage deviation refers to the difference between the highest or lowest voltage of a single cell and the single cell voltage mean.

[0059] In the above step S2, the second data information also includes the coolant temperature at the stack outlet, the cathode air flow, the cathode air pressure, the anode stoichiometric ratio and the anode inlet temperature.

[0060] In the above step S2, the fuel cell controller (FCU) is embedded with the fuel cell system control software to control the cathode air flow, cathode air pressure, stack outlet coolant temperature, anode stoichiometric ratio and anode inlet temperature, etc. The fuel cell controller detects the cathode air flow, cathode air pressure, stack outlet coolant temperature and anode inlet temperature in real time through sensors, and detects the deviation of the single cell voltage from the mean fed back by the stack cell voltage inspection unit (CVM), and the HFR value fed back by the fuel cell DC boost conversion unit (DCF). The fuel cell controller realizes precise control of key parameters such as cathode air flow, cathode air pressure, stack outlet coolant temperature, anode stoichiometric ratio and anode inlet temperature through the embedded fuel cell system control software. These control measures work together on the fuel cell stack to ensure its efficient and stable operation.

[0061] In the above step S2, the deviation of the single cell voltage from the mean is fed back to the fuel cell controller by the single cell voltage inspection unit of the stack, and the single cell voltage inspection unit of the stack is connected to the fuel cell controller.

[0062] In the above step S2, the HFR value is fed back to the fuel cell controller by the fuel cell DC boost conversion unit, and the fuel cell DC boost conversion unit is connected to the fuel cell controller.

[0063] In the above step S3, when dynamic load reduction occurs, the fuel cell controller compares the predicted values ​​of the single cell voltage mean, the single cell voltage deviation and the HFR value with the actual values ​​of the single cell voltage mean, the single cell voltage deviation and the HFR value in real time, calculates the difference between the three predicted values ​​and their corresponding actual values, and obtains the first difference, the second difference and the third difference.

[0064] In the above step S4, the fuel cell controller takes the first difference, the second difference and the third difference calculated in step S3 as the target, and adjusts and corrects the target values ​​such as the cathode air flow, cathode air pressure, the coolant temperature at the stack outlet, the anode stoichiometric ratio and the anode inlet temperature in real time during the steady state, and uses the corrected target value as the control target to control the relevant actuators, such as the air compressor, back pressure valve and bypass valve that control the cathode flow and pressure; the electronic thermostat and electronic water pump that control the coolant outlet temperature; the hydrogen circulation pump that controls the anode stoichiometric ratio, etc.

[0065] In the above step S4, the current state parameters of the hydrogen fuel cell system are adjusted, including the stack outlet coolant temperature, cathode air flow, cathode air pressure, anode stoichiometric ratio and anode inlet temperature. During the system load reduction process, the optimized stack outlet coolant temperature, cathode air flow, cathode air pressure, anode stoichiometric ratio and anode inlet temperature are used as dynamic operating conditions.

[0066] For cathode air flow control, the speed of the air compressor in the air supply system or the opening of related valves, including back pressure valves, bypass valves, etc., can be adjusted to accurately control the air flow entering the cathode according to the load demand of the fuel cell stack and the current cathode pressure.

[0067] For cathode air pressure control, pressure sensors can be used to monitor cathode pressure, and by controlling the action of air compressors or related valves, precise regulation of cathode pressure can be achieved. The pressure in the cathode reaction area is kept stable to promote efficient use of oxygen and uniform reaction of the battery.

[0068] For the temperature control of the coolant at the stack outlet, the temperature of the coolant at the stack outlet can be accurately controlled by adjusting the flow and / or temperature of the coolant and utilizing the electronic thermostat, electronic water pump and other components of the cooling system.

[0069] For anode stoichiometric ratio control, the anode stoichiometric ratio can be precisely adjusted by precisely controlling the action of the hydrogen supply system (such as the hydrogen circulation pump, etc.) according to the load demand of the fuel cell stack and the current anode pressure, hydrogen flow rate and other parameters. This ensures that the reaction ratio of anode hydrogen and cathode oxygen is appropriate to improve the efficiency and output power of the fuel cell.

[0070] For anode inlet temperature control, precise control of anode inlet temperature can be achieved by adjusting the preheating device or related heat exchanger of the hydrogen supply system. Maintaining appropriate inlet temperature helps reduce hydrogen preheating energy consumption and improve system efficiency.

[0071] In the above step S5, the fuel cell controller continuously monitors the single cell voltage mean, single cell voltage deviation and HFR value during each dynamic load addition and reduction process until the difference between the predicted value and the actual value is within a predetermined reasonable range, stops the target correction, freezes the target values ​​of the load reduction process, and controls the subsequent load reduction process using the frozen target values. The frozen target values ​​include the final determined stack outlet coolant temperature, cathode air flow, cathode air pressure, anode stoichiometric ratio and anode inlet temperature.

[0072] The humidity control method of fuel cells in the prior art generally controls the humidity of the cathode air alone, and uses the difference in operating conditions in the steady state as the operating condition control target of the dynamic process to control the anode hydrogen circulation volume, inlet temperature, cathode air flow, inlet pressure, coolant outlet temperature and other factors that affect humidity changes. When the dynamic load is actually added or reduced, the dry and wet state of the proton exchange membrane inside the stack is closely related to the state of the previous operating point, such as the accumulated operating time, coolant temperature, whether the heat engine is completed, inlet air temperature, humidity, ambient temperature and other factors. If reasonable adaptive adjustments are not made, it is very easy for the membrane to be too dry or too wet, thereby repeatedly causing the membrane to alternate violently between dryness and humidity, which has a very adverse effect on the durability of the proton exchange membrane.

[0073] The humidity control method for the dynamic loading and unloading process of the self-humidifying proton exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cell of the embodiment of the present invention is based on the embedded control software of the controller in the fuel cell system, and monitors the single cell voltage mean, mean deviation and HFR and their changes in real time during the dynamic loading and unloading process. Based on the prediction model of these three values, the difference between the measured value and the predicted value is compared in real time to evaluate the change of the dryness and wetness of the membrane during the loading and unloading process, so as to further evaluate whether the operating conditions of the cathode, anode and cooling system are suitable, and iteratively optimize these operating conditions based on the evaluation results until the dryness and wetness state of the loading and unloading process is within the expected target, thereby solving the above problems and improving the adverse effects of dynamic loading and unloading on the durability of the membrane.

[0074] In the embodiment of the present invention, the following measures may be taken:

[0075] 1. Measures 1 and 2 are at the stack design level, that is, in terms of the stack bipolar plate flow channel structure or gas diffusion layer structural materials, the moisture diffusion conditions on both sides of the stack membrane electrode are optimized so that the saturated air at the cathode outlet can diffuse back to the anode hydrogen inlet with poor humidity;

[0076] 2. Measures 3 and 5: In the above step S4, the control target can be achieved by optimizing the cathode air flow and back pressure of the stack, as well as the coolant temperature during the operation of the stack. For example, setting a larger cathode air flow will increase the water evaporation of the proton exchange membrane; setting a higher coolant temperature will also increase the water evaporation of the proton exchange membrane;

[0077] 3. Measure 4. In the above step S4, the rotation speed of the hydrogen circulation pump can be increased, thereby increasing the anode hydrogen circulation volume, which can better remove the moisture inside the battery stack. The moisture discharged from the anode outlet can be better brought to the anode inlet by the hydrogen circulation pump, thereby improving the adverse effect of low humidity of pure new hydrogen at the anode inlet.

[0078] like Figure 2 As shown, in the embodiment of the present invention, the mechanism of model predictive control can be described as follows: at each sampling moment, based on the current measurement information obtained, a finite time domain open-loop optimization problem is solved online, and the first element of the obtained control sequence is applied to the controlled object; at the next sampling moment, the above process is repeated: the optimization problem is refreshed with the new measurement value and solved again. The basic features of model-based predictive control are as follows:

[0079] (1) Model-based prediction: In the predictive control algorithm, a model is needed to describe the dynamic behavior of the object. The role of this model is to predict the future dynamics of the system, so it is called a predictive model.

[0080] (2) Rolling optimization. Because of the limited time domain prediction and the existence of external interference and model uncertainty, we cannot apply all the optimal control sequences obtained by solving the optimization problem to the system. Instead, we apply the first component of the optimization solution at each sampling moment to the system.

[0081] (3) Feedforward-feedback control structure. Feedforward control predicts the output of the controlled object based on the physical model, compensates for the predicted interference in the system in advance, and thus reduces the response delay of the system. Therefore, it plays a significant role in improving control performance. Feedback control mainly compensates for the deviation between the actual system response and the ideal feedforward signal, and its output accounts for a relatively small proportion. Since various interferences and model errors are inevitably present in the actual system, it is impossible to achieve excellent response performance and anti-interference ability by relying solely on feedforward control. Therefore, feedforward control is generally combined with feedback control to adjust the control output according to the real-time response error to ensure the stable and efficient operation of the entire system.

[0082] In a second aspect of the present invention, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a control system for implementing a method for controlling humidity in a hydrogen fuel cell system, comprising a fuel cell controller and a plurality of sensors, wherein the plurality of sensors are used to collect first data information and second data information.

[0083] In an embodiment of the present invention, the multiple sensors include a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor. The pressure sensor provided at the air inlet of the fuel cell stack is used to detect the cathode air pressure, the temperature sensor provided at the anode inlet of the fuel cell stack is used to detect the temperature of the hydrogen inlet, and the temperature sensor provided at the coolant outlet of the fuel cell stack is used to detect the outlet coolant temperature of the fuel cell stack.

[0084] The above-mentioned hydrogen fuel cell system humidity control method and control system have the following advantages:

[0085] 1. During the system load reduction process, the optimized water temperature, air flow, anode circulation volume and other targets are used as dynamic operating conditions to avoid the phenomenon of over-wetting or over-drying of the membrane caused by the drastic change of membrane humidity during the loading or unloading process caused by the operating conditions under steady-state conditions, so as to avoid adverse effects on the life of the proton exchange membrane.

[0086] 2. For changes in ambient temperature and humidity, under the same operating conditions, different factors such as different intake humidity and film evaporation rate will lead to large differences in load-addition and load-reduction performance. It has better automatic correction and compensation effects, and provides better guarantee for the long-term stable and reliable operation of the system.

[0087] In a third aspect of the present invention, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a fuel cell system, comprising a control system for implementing the above-mentioned method for controlling humidity of a hydrogen fuel cell system.

[0088] In a fourth aspect of the present invention, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores computer-executable instructions, and the computer-executable instructions are used to enable a computer to execute the above-mentioned hydrogen fuel cell system humidity control method.

[0089] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative, and the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0090] It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that all or some of the steps and systems in the disclosed method above may be implemented as software, firmware, hardware and appropriate combinations thereof. Some physical components or all physical components may be implemented as software executed by a processor, such as a central processing unit, a digital signal processor or a microprocessor, or may be implemented as hardware, or may be implemented as an integrated circuit, such as an application specific integrated circuit. Such software may be distributed on a computer-readable medium, which may include a computer storage medium (or a non-transitory medium) and a communication medium (or a temporary medium). As known to those skilled in the art, the term computer storage medium includes volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storing information (such as computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data). Computer storage media include, but are not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technologies, CD-ROM, digital versatile disks (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tapes, disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that may be used to store desired information and may be accessed by a computer. Furthermore, it is well known to those skilled in the art that communication media typically embodies computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism, and may include any information delivery media.

[0091] The present invention is described above by way of example in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It is obvious that the specific implementation of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned method. As long as various non-substantial improvements are made using the method concept and technical solution of the present invention, or the concept and technical solution of the present invention are directly applied to other occasions without improvement, they are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for controlling humidity in a hydrogen fuel cell system, characterized in that: include: S1. Establishing a prediction model based on the first data information; S2, the fuel cell controller obtains second data information, the second data information including the average value of the single cell voltage, the deviation of the single cell voltage from the average value and the actual value of the HFR value; S3. When dynamic load reduction occurs, a first difference, a second difference and a third difference are calculated, wherein the first difference is the difference between the mean value of the single cell voltage calculated by the prediction model and the actual mean value of the single cell voltage, the second difference is the difference between the mean difference of the single cell voltage calculated by the prediction model and the actual mean difference of the single cell voltage, and the third difference is the difference between the HFR value calculated by the prediction model and the actual HFR value; S4, adjusting the current state parameters of the hydrogen fuel cell system with the first difference, the second difference and the third difference as targets; S5. The fuel cell controller continuously monitors the mean difference of the single cell voltage and the HFR value during each dynamic load addition and reduction process until the first difference, the second difference and the third difference reach a set range.

2. The method for controlling humidity of a hydrogen fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first data information includes the coolant temperature at the stack outlet, the cathode air flow, the cathode air pressure, the anode stoichiometric ratio and the anode inlet temperature.

3. The method for controlling humidity of a hydrogen fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second data information also includes the stack outlet coolant temperature, cathode air flow, cathode air pressure, anode stoichiometric ratio and anode inlet temperature.

4. The method for controlling humidity of a hydrogen fuel cell system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The current state parameters of the hydrogen fuel cell system are adjusted including the stack outlet coolant temperature, cathode air flow, cathode air pressure, anode stoichiometric ratio and anode inlet temperature. During the system load reduction process, the optimized stack outlet coolant temperature, cathode air flow, cathode air pressure, anode stoichiometric ratio and anode inlet temperature are used as dynamic operating conditions.

5. The method for controlling humidity of a hydrogen fuel cell system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: In the step S2, the deviation of the single cell voltage from the mean is fed back to the fuel cell controller by the stack single cell voltage inspection unit.

6. The method for controlling humidity of a hydrogen fuel cell system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: In the step S2, the HFR value is fed back to the fuel cell controller by the fuel cell DC boost conversion unit.

7. A control system for implementing the hydrogen fuel cell system humidity control method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: It includes a fuel cell controller and a plurality of sensors, and the plurality of sensors are used to collect the first data information and the second data information.

8. The control system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The plurality of sensors include a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor.

9. A fuel cell system, characterized in that: A control system comprising the method for implementing humidity control of a hydrogen fuel cell system as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The computer-readable storage medium stores computer-executable instructions, and the computer-executable instructions are used to enable a computer to execute the hydrogen fuel cell system humidity control method according to claim 7 or 8.

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