High-power microwave ultra-wide-spectrum electromagnetic composite oscillator antenna

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-power microwave ultra-wide-spectrum electromagnetic composite oscillator antenna, relates to the field of high-power microwave conduction, and provides an electromagnetic composite oscillator combined ultra-wide-band antenna, which is characterized in that a common TEM horn is changed into an arc-shaped gradual change structure, and electric and magnetic dipoles with different amplitudes and phases are combined into a whole. Under the condition that the size is small, more stable polarization characteristics, stable phase center and input impedance are provided, meanwhile, a heart-shaped directional diagram is achieved, and the antenna is more suitable for being used as an array element of an ultra-wide-band array antenna.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of high-power microwave conduction, in particular to a high-power microwave ultra-wide spectrum electromagnetic composite vibrator antenna. Background Art

[0002] As the core device for electromagnetic energy conversion, the performance of high-power microwave antennas directly affects the effective range and electromagnetic compatibility of the system. The current mainstream technologies mainly include the following types:

[0003] Traditional TEM horn antennas use a flat metal conductor to form a horn-shaped structure and achieve broadband characteristics through gradient impedance. This type of antenna has good radiation performance in the 1-10GHz frequency band and is widely used in radar detection and electronic countermeasures.

[0004] The dipole antenna array is composed of multiple symmetrical oscillators, which can achieve directional radiation by adjusting the spacing and length of the oscillators. It can obtain a gain of more than 15dB in the 200MHz-3GHz frequency band and is commonly used in mobile communication base stations and satellite communication systems.

[0005] Reflector antennas use parabolic or hyperbolic reflectors to focus electromagnetic waves. They can achieve a gain of more than 30dB in the Ku band (12-18GHz) and are mainly used in satellite communication ground stations and radio telescopes.

[0006] Problems with existing technologies:

[0007] Insufficient adaptability to ultra-wide spectrum. In ultra-wide spectrum (0.1-100GHz) scenarios, the traditional TEM horn antenna has a phase center shift due to the structural dispersion effect, and the measured standing wave ratio (VSWR) exceeds 3.0 in the high frequency band, which cannot meet the instantaneous bandwidth requirements of modern electronic warfare.

[0008] The high power capacity is limited. When megawatt-level power is injected into the dipole antenna array, corona discharge is prone to occur at the vibrator connection, causing the antenna to burn out. During the continuous wave test of a certain type of shipborne radar, the vibrator fuse accident occurred once every 20 hours on average.

[0009] The pattern control capability is weak, and the beam width of the reflector antenna becomes narrower as the frequency increases. When working in an ultra-wide spectrum, the feed position needs to be adjusted frequently, which causes the system response time to increase by more than 50%, making it difficult to adapt to fast scanning requirements.

[0010] The energy conversion efficiency is low. The radiation efficiency of existing antennas is generally less than 60%, which generates a lot of Joule heat in high-power applications. The rectangular horn antenna used in a certain industrial microwave equipment has a surface temperature of more than 200°C at a power of 10kW, and an additional water cooling system is required.

[0011] Poor structural stability: Traditional antennas mostly use rigid metal frames, which are prone to deformation under impact and vibration conditions. During an off-road test, the gain of a certain vehicle-mounted radar antenna dropped by 3dB due to structural deformation, affecting detection accuracy.

[0012] In summary, the existing technologies have core problems such as poor ultra-wide spectrum adaptability, insufficient high-power capacity, and weak directional pattern control capabilities. Summary of the invention

[0013] The purpose of the present invention is to: in view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a high-power microwave ultra-wide spectrum electromagnetic composite dipole antenna, which changes the commonly used TEM horn into an arc-shaped gradient structure, combines electric and magnetic dipoles of different amplitudes and phases into one, provides more stable polarization characteristics, stable phase center and input impedance in a smaller size, and has a heart-shaped radiation pattern, which is more suitable as an array element of an ultra-wideband array antenna.

[0014] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0015] A high-power microwave ultra-wide spectrum electromagnetic composite vibrator antenna, the antenna comprising:

[0016] An outer conductor frame, wherein the outer conductor frame is arranged in an inverted eight shape;

[0017] A feed source, which is arranged at the bottom of the outer conductor frame and is used to connect the outer conductor frame;

[0018] The TEM horn is arranged between two sides of the outer conductor frame, and the TEM horn is an arc-shaped gradual structure.

[0019] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the outer conductor frame is set in an inverted eight shape. This unique shape can optimize the electromagnetic field distribution around the antenna and effectively enhance the radiation performance of the antenna. The feed source is set at the bottom of the outer conductor frame and connected to the outer conductor frame, which can ensure efficient energy transmission to the antenna system; and the TEM horn adopts an arc-shaped gradient structure, which can better match electromagnetic waves of different frequencies compared to traditional structures, broaden the working bandwidth of the antenna, and effectively improve the performance of the antenna in ultra-wide spectrum electromagnetic environments.

[0020] Furthermore, the TEM horn includes a first electrode and a second electrode, the first electrode and the second electrode are respectively connected to two sides of the outer conductor frame, a third electrode is sleeved between one end of the first electrode close to the feed source and the outer conductor frame, the first electrode is connected to the top of the outer conductor frame through an electric monopole, and the outer conductor frame, the electric monopole, the first electrode and the third electrode form a magnetic dipole in combination.

[0021] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, by combining the outer conductor frame, the electric monopole, the first electrode and the third electrode to form a magnetic dipole, the antenna can radiate electric field and magnetic field components at the same time, thereby realizing electromagnetic composite radiation; this composite radiation mode enhances the radiation intensity and directivity of the antenna, and at the same time can more accurately control the radiation direction, thereby improving the adaptability of the antenna in complex electromagnetic environments.

[0022] Furthermore, the first electrode, the second electrode and the third electrode are all arc-shaped structures.

[0023] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the arc-shaped structure of the first electrode, the second electrode and the third electrode can better adapt to the propagation characteristics of electromagnetic waves, reduce the reflection and scattering of electromagnetic waves on the electrode surface, thereby improving the radiation efficiency of the antenna, reducing energy loss, and enabling the antenna to more effectively convert input energy into radiation energy.

[0024] Furthermore, one end of the first electrode close to the feed source is in a barb shape.

[0025] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the end of the first electrode close to the feed source is in the shape of a barb, and this design can increase the coupling strength between the electrode and the feed source and improve the efficiency of energy transmission. At the same time, the barb-shaped structure can also play a certain focusing role on electromagnetic waves, enhance the radiation ability of the antenna in a specific direction, and help improve the communication quality and detection accuracy of the antenna.

[0026] Furthermore, the angle between the extension lines of the first electrode and the second electrode is 45°.

[0027] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the angle between the extension lines of the first electrode and the second electrode is 45°. This angle setting is optimized to achieve a better balance in the radiation performance of the antenna in the horizontal and vertical directions, thereby improving the omnidirectional radiation performance of the antenna.

[0028] Furthermore, two side edges of the outer conductor frame are arranged at an angle of 44°.

[0029] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the two side edges of the outer conductor frame are set at a 44° angle. This angle design can further optimize the electromagnetic field distribution of the antenna, improve the radiation efficiency and directional characteristics of the antenna, while reducing the sidelobe level, reducing interference in other directions, and improving the working stability of the antenna in complex electromagnetic environments.

[0030] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0031] The high-power microwave ultra-wide spectrum electromagnetic composite vibrator antenna of the present invention has an outer conductor frame in an inverted eight-shaped arrangement and a TEM horn adopting an arc-shaped gradient structure, which can optimize the electromagnetic field distribution around the antenna and better match electromagnetic waves of different frequencies. This significantly improves the working bandwidth of the antenna compared to traditional antennas. Electromagnetic composite radiation is achieved by combining the outer conductor frame, the electric monopole, the first electrode and the third electrode to form a magnetic dipole. This composite radiation mode enables the antenna to radiate electric and magnetic field components at the same time. The composite radiation mode of the magnetic dipole not only enhances the radiation intensity, but also can more accurately control the radiation direction. This enables the antenna to better adapt to different application requirements in a complex electromagnetic environment, reduce interference in other directions, and improve the anti-interference ability and working stability of the antenna. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a high-power microwave ultra-wide spectrum electromagnetic composite vibrator antenna of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 It is a front view of a high-power microwave ultra-wide spectrum electromagnetic composite vibrator antenna of the present invention.

[0034] Markings in the figure: 1-outer conductor frame, 2-feed source, 3-first electrode, 4-second electrode, 5-third electrode, 6-electric monopole, 7-magnetic dipole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0036] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0037] Example

[0038] This embodiment provides a high-power microwave ultra-wide spectrum electromagnetic composite dipole antenna, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the antenna includes:

[0039] The outer conductor frame 1 is arranged in an inverted eight shape, and the inverted eight shape of the outer conductor frame 1 can optimize the electromagnetic field distribution around the antenna and enhance the radiation performance; the feed source 2 is located at the bottom of the outer conductor frame 1 and connected to the outer conductor frame, and can efficiently transmit energy;

[0040] Feed source 2, which is arranged at the bottom of the outer conductor frame and is used to connect to the outer conductor frame 1;

[0041] TEM horn, the TEM horn is arranged between the two sides of the outer conductor frame, and the TEM horn is an arc-shaped gradient structure. The arc-shaped gradient structure of the TEM horn can better match electromagnetic waves of different frequencies, broaden the working bandwidth, and improve the performance of the antenna in an ultra-wide spectrum electromagnetic environment.

[0042] The two sides of the outer conductor frame 1 are set in an inverted eight shape, and the two sides of the outer conductor frame are set at a 44° angle. This unique shape can optimize the electromagnetic field distribution around the antenna and effectively enhance the radiation performance of the antenna. The feed source is set at the bottom of the outer conductor frame and connected to the outer conductor frame to ensure efficient energy transmission to the antenna system; and the TEM horn adopts an arc-shaped gradient structure, which can better match electromagnetic waves of different frequencies than the traditional structure, broaden the working bandwidth of the antenna, and effectively improve the performance of the antenna in an ultra-wide spectrum electromagnetic environment.

[0043] The TEM horn includes a first electrode 3 and a second electrode 4, which are respectively connected to two sides of an outer conductor frame 1, a third electrode 5 is sleeved between one end of the first electrode 3 close to the feed source 2 and the outer conductor frame 1, the first electrode 3 is connected to the top of the outer conductor frame 1 through an electric monopole 6, and the outer conductor frame 1, the electric monopole 6, the first electrode 3 and the third electrode 5 are combined to form a magnetic dipole 7. The combination of the magnetic dipole 7 enables the antenna to radiate electric and magnetic field components at the same time, realizing electromagnetic composite radiation, enhancing the radiation intensity and directivity of the antenna, and accurately controlling the radiation direction, thereby improving the adaptability of the antenna in a complex electromagnetic environment; the magnetic dipole enables the antenna to radiate electric and magnetic field components at the same time, realizing electromagnetic composite radiation, and the electrodes are connected by welding.

[0044] The first electrode 3, the second electrode 4 and the third electrode 5 are all arc-shaped structures, which can adapt to the propagation characteristics of electromagnetic waves, reduce reflection and scattering, reduce energy loss, and enable the antenna to more effectively convert input energy into radiation energy.

[0045] The end of the first electrode 3 close to the feed source is in a hook shape. The hook-shaped design increases the coupling strength between the electrode and the feed source, improves the energy transmission efficiency, and can also focus electromagnetic waves and enhance the radiation capability in a specific direction, which helps to improve communication quality and detection accuracy.

[0046] The angle between the extension lines of the first electrode 3 and the second electrode 4 is 45°. The 45° angle makes the antenna achieve a better balance in radiation performance in the horizontal and vertical directions, and the radiation coverage is more uniform, thereby improving the omnidirectional radiation performance of the antenna.

[0047] The principles and implementation methods of the present invention are described in this article using specific embodiments. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made to the present invention without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

[0048] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inside", "outside", etc. indicate directions or positional relationships based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or are directions or positional relationships in which the product of the invention is usually placed when in use. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0049] In the description of the present invention, it is also necessary to explain that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "set", "install", "connect", and "socket" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

Claims

1. A high-power microwave ultra-wide spectrum electromagnetic composite dipole antenna, characterized in that: The antenna comprises: An outer conductor frame, wherein the outer conductor frame is arranged in an inverted eight shape; A feed source, which is arranged at the bottom of the outer conductor frame and is used to connect the outer conductor frame; The TEM horn is arranged between two sides of the outer conductor frame, and the TEM horn is an arc-shaped gradual structure.

2. The high-power microwave ultra-wide spectrum electromagnetic composite dipole antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The TEM horn comprises a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are respectively connected to two sides of the outer conductor frame, a third electrode is sleeved between an end of the first electrode close to the feed source and the outer conductor frame, the first electrode is connected to the top of the outer conductor frame through an electric monopole, and the outer conductor frame, the electric monopole, the first electrode and the third electrode are combined to form a magnetic dipole.

3. The high-power microwave ultra-wide spectrum electromagnetic composite dipole antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first electrode, the second electrode and the third electrode are all arc-shaped structures.

4. The high-power microwave ultra-wide spectrum electromagnetic composite dipole antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: One end of the first electrode close to the feed source is in a barb shape.

5. The high-power microwave ultra-wide spectrum electromagnetic composite dipole antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The angle between the extension lines of the first electrode and the second electrode is 45°.

6. The high-power microwave ultra-wide spectrum electromagnetic composite dipole antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two side edges of the outer conductor frame are arranged at an angle of 44°.

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