Reconfigurable power distribution circuit and overload protection method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a reconfigurable power distribution circuit and an overload protection method thereof, which dynamically adjusts the power distribution path to cope with load fluctuations and sudden failures by combining real-time load monitoring, load prediction and topology reconfiguration. First, the system collects real-time load data of the power distribution circuit and uses the ARIMA algorithm for load prediction. When the load exceeds the set threshold, the overload protection mechanism is started, and local load cutting, load transfer or standby power supply is performed. Through automatic topology reconfiguration, the system reconfigures the power distribution path when overload or failure occurs, ensuring load balancing and continuous power supply. The application provides an intelligent and flexible power distribution network management method, which can effectively improve the reliability of the power distribution network, avoid power interruption caused by overload or failure, and improve the emergency response and recovery capability of the power distribution network.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of power distribution network reconstruction and overload protection, and particularly relates to a reconfigurable power distribution circuit and an overload protection method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the increase of power demand and the complexity of power systems, the reliability and safety of power distribution networks become particularly important. Especially in the low-voltage power distribution network with large load fluctuations and high power supply requirements, how to maintain the stability and efficiency of power supply has become a technical problem that needs to be solved in the power industry. The traditional power distribution network cannot dynamically adjust the distribution of lines and loads due to its fixed structure, which easily leads to a serious threat to the reliability of the system in the case of load overload, equipment failure or other emergencies. Therefore, how to effectively improve the flexibility and intelligent level of the power distribution network has become the key to improving the performance of the power distribution system. At present, the reconstruction technology and overload protection method of the power distribution network mostly rely on traditional hardware devices and fixed structures, such as load adjustment and overload protection by artificial or simple automatic switching devices. However, the existing technology has certain limitations, especially in the face of complex load prediction, dynamic adjustment of topological structure and rapid response capability. Most of the traditional methods lack real-time load data collection and dynamic adjustment capability, and cannot respond effectively in time when overload occurs, resulting in too long recovery time of the system or failure to achieve the best load balancing effect.

[0003] At present, there are some power distribution network reconstruction methods and overload protection technologies, such as the technologies proposed in patents CN202011622196.X, CN202410641409.5, etc. These technologies mostly focus on optimizing the operation efficiency of the power distribution network, and improve the reliability of the system through topological reconstruction, standby power management, etc. However, the existing technology generally has the following problems: first, the existing power distribution network reconstruction method usually relies on static scheduling strategy, which is difficult to cope with real-time load changes or sudden failure situations. Second, the load prediction technology mostly relies on a simplified model, lacking high-precision prediction and analysis capability for complex load fluctuations, resulting in insufficient timeliness or accuracy of overload warning. Finally, although there are some overload protection mechanisms, they still cannot effectively realize rapid response and system stability protection, especially in the case of global overload or failure, lacking sufficient flexibility and adaptability. In addition, although some existing technologies can adjust the load in a local range, they often rely on standby power or simple load transfer methods when dealing with overload problems at the global network level, and cannot truly realize dynamic adjustment and efficient recovery of the system. This way cannot fully utilize the potential of the power distribution network, and cannot cope with complex power demand patterns, limiting its application in high-load and complex environments.

[0004] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present patent proposes a reconfigurable power distribution circuit and its overload protection method, aiming to solve the problem of insufficient response capability of power distribution network under dynamic load changes and unexpected events. The invention introduces real-time load monitoring, load prediction, automatic reconfiguration and multi-level overload protection mechanism, which can automatically adjust the power distribution path when the load is overloaded or the system fails, reduce the system downtime, and ensure the stability and reliability of power supply.

[0005] Specifically, the invention can accurately analyze the current load distribution of the power distribution network through the topology reconfiguration algorithm combined with real-time data acquisition, and timely switch the current flow direction or enable the standby power supply when potential overload is found, ensuring system load balancing. In addition, the ARIMA algorithm is used to predict future load, which can provide data support and decision basis for intelligent management of power distribution network. This series of technical innovations solves the problem that traditional power distribution network cannot dynamically adapt to load changes and respond to unexpected events, greatly improving the flexibility, reliability and stability of the system. SUMMARY

[0006] In view of the defects of the prior art in dynamic load regulation and overload protection of power distribution network, the present invention proposes a reconfigurable power distribution circuit and its overload protection method. In view of the fact that the prior art generally lacks sufficient intelligence and real-time response capability, especially in dealing with complex load fluctuations and unexpected failures, it cannot achieve rapid and effective system adjustment and load balancing. In order to overcome this defect, the invention introduces real-time load monitoring, ARIMA algorithm for load prediction and topology reconfiguration algorithm to optimize power distribution path, so that the power distribution system can dynamically adjust the power supply path according to the actual load and future load trend, realizing the balanced regulation of the whole network load. The reconfigurable power distribution circuit and its overload protection method proposed by the invention includes the following steps:

[0007] S1: Automatic reconfiguration of power distribution circuit: the real-time load data of the power distribution circuit is collected by the load monitoring unit; according to the real-time load data, the central control system analyzes the current load distribution through the topology reconfiguration algorithm and determines whether dynamic adjustment of the power distribution path is needed; if the current line is overloaded or fails, the automatic switch device switches the current flow direction path, triggering the topology reconfiguration process;

[0008] S2: Load prediction and overload warning: based on the historical load data and real-time data of the power distribution system, the ARIMA algorithm is used to predict the future load and judge whether there is a trend of overload; if the load prediction value exceeds the set overload threshold, the overload warning result is output;

[0009] S3: Multi-level implementation of overload protection mechanism: input overload warning results and real-time load data, if the load of a branch exceeds the set threshold, the system will automatically cut off the current of the branch; if the entire system is overloaded, the control system relieves the overload through topology reconstruction or load transfer; if topology reconstruction or load transfer cannot relieve the overload, the standby power supply is enabled to supplement the load;

[0010] S4: Power distribution route topology reconstruction and data feedback mechanism: real-time monitoring of the load condition of the power distribution line, if overload or system imbalance is found, the control system triggers topology reconstruction, adjusts the power distribution path, and issues instructions to the automatic switch device for switching;

[0011] S5: Automatic overload protection response and recovery: after topology reconstruction is completed, the system restores power supply according to actual current and load state to ensure load balance and power supply continuity; when the power distribution system restores stable power supply, it ensures that all current paths return to normal and maintains load balance.

[0012] As a technical preferred scheme of the present application: the automatic reconstruction process of the power distribution route in step S1 includes the following contents:

[0013] S1-1: The power distribution system collects current, voltage and power data of each power distribution line in real time through the load monitoring unit, the data is transmitted to the central control system through the wireless communication module, and the sampling period of the load monitoring unit does not exceed the set threshold Δt, ensuring the real-time of the load state of the power distribution network, the load data is the input data of the system topology reconstruction process;

[0014] S1-2: The central control system analyzes the load distribution of the current power distribution path according to the real-time load data using the topology reconstruction algorithm, if it is found that the load of a certain line exceeds its carrying capacity, the new current flow path is calculated, and the optimal path P new is represented by the following formula:

[0015]

[0016] Where, P new is the total power flow of the new path, f ij is the current flow matrix from node i to node j, c ij is the current transmission capacity from node i to node j, and n is the total number of nodes in the network;

[0017] S1-3: The central control system uses the optimal current flow path calculated by the topology reconstruction algorithm to balance the load and capacity of each path using the constraint condition, ensuring that the current flow of the power distribution path does not exceed its maximum carrying capacity, and the load balance is performed through the following constraint formula:

[0018]

[0019] where λ i is the load factor of the current path i, P i is the power flow of path i, P max is the maximum load power allowed by the system;

[0020] S1-4: If the central control system determines that a certain line is overloaded or fails, the automatic switching device switches the current flow direction according to the control signal sent by the central control system, and uses the standby power supply or load transfer mode to realize the redistribution of the load, so as to ensure the stability of the system to restore power supply. The automatic switching device is adjusted by the feedback signals of the current sensor and the voltage sensor to realize the real-time adjustment of the optimal path.

[0021] As a technical preferred scheme of the present application: the load prediction modeling in step S2 adopts an ARIMA algorithm, characterized in that:

[0022] The ARIMA model is based on historical load data and real-time collected load information, and predicts the future load change trend through autoregression and moving average. The input data includes historical load data, real-time load data, time series and seasonal factors, and the specific data input formula is:

[0023] P pred (t+1) = αP(t) + βP(t-1) + γP(t-2) + … +ò

[0024] where P pred (t+1) represents the load prediction value at the next time, P(t), P(t-1), P(t-2) are the load data at the past time, α, β, γ are the regression coefficients in the ARIMA model, andò is the error term reflecting the uncertainty of the model prediction. The regression coefficients of the ARIMA model are solved by the least square method, and the parameters used include: the influence degree p of the past load on the current load, the degree d of load data stabilization, and the influence degree q of the past error on the current load, so as to ensure that the model can accurately predict the change of the power distribution system load. The optimal parameter selection is carried out through the following constraint conditions:

[0025]

[0026] where represents the optimal model parameter, P actual (t) is the actual load value.

[0027] As a technical preferred scheme of the present application: the multi-level implementation of the overload protection mechanism in step S3 includes the following contents:

[0028] S3-1: When the load of a certain branch exceeds the set local overload threshold, the central control system triggers the automatic switch device to cut off the current of the branch and stop the branch from supplying power to the load by monitoring the branch current and power data, and the current threshold is the maximum carrying current measured by the current sensor;

[0029] S3-2: When the load of the entire power distribution system exceeds the set global overload threshold, the central control system starts the global overload protection mechanism to achieve load transfer and prevent single branch overload by redistributing the load of each line in the system.

[0030] S3-3: When topology reconstruction and load transfer cannot solve the global overload problem, the system will enable the backup power supply to supplement the load.

[0031] Compared with the related prior art, the beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0032] Real-time load data acquisition and load prediction: The present application acquires real-time current, voltage and power data of the power distribution line through the load monitoring unit, and based on historical load data and real-time data, uses ARIMA algorithm to predict future load, so as to identify potential overload risk in advance and ensure timely warning of load changes.

[0033] Automatic topology reconstruction: Through the topology reconstruction algorithm, the system analyzes the load distribution of the current power distribution path based on real-time load data, automatically adjusts the current flow direction, and ensures load balance. When the line is overloaded or fails, the automatic switch device can trigger topology reconstruction to optimize the power distribution path.

[0034] Multi-level overload protection mechanism: When the load exceeds the set threshold, the system first performs local load cutting, and if local cutting cannot be relieved, further global adjustment is performed through topology reconstruction or load transfer measures. Finally, when these measures are insufficient, the system enables the backup power supply to ensure that the load demand is met.

[0035] Load balancing and system recovery: The present application can quickly restore power supply after topology reconstruction by monitoring the current and load state in real time, ensuring system load balancing and continuity of power supply, effectively avoiding long-term downtime or power instability caused by overload or failure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 is a flowchart of a reconfigurable power distribution line and its overload protection method of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The present application is further described in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present application can be practiced in a variety of embodiments and that the present application is not limited to what is described in the specification. Rather, the present application is intended to cover all alternatives, modifications, and equivalents falling within the scope of the application.

[0038] Embodiment 1: According to the description of the embodiment, a specific implementation process of a reconfigurable power distribution circuit and its overload protection method is provided. The steps are as follows: Figure 1

[0039] S1: Automatic reconfiguration of the power distribution circuit: real-time load data of the power distribution circuit is collected by the load monitoring unit; according to the real-time load data, the central control system analyzes the current load distribution through the topology reconfiguration algorithm and determines whether dynamic adjustment of the power distribution path is needed; if overload or failure occurs in the current line, the automatic switch device switches the current flow path, triggering the topology reconfiguration process; the specific steps include the following:

[0040] S1-1: The power distribution system collects current, voltage and power data of each power distribution line in real time through the load monitoring unit, and the data is transmitted to the central control system through the wireless communication module. The sampling period of the load monitoring unit does not exceed the set threshold At, ensuring the real-time nature of the load state of the power distribution network. The load data is the input data for the system topology reconfiguration process;

[0041] S1-2: The central control system uses the topology reconfiguration algorithm to analyze the load distribution of the current power distribution path according to the real-time load data. If it is found that the load of a certain line exceeds its carrying capacity, the new current flow path is calculated, and the optimal path P new is represented by the following formula:

[0042]

[0043] where P new is the total power flow of the new path, f ij is the current flow matrix from node i to node j, c ij is the current transmission capacity from node i to node j, and n is the total number of nodes in the network;

[0044] S1-3: The central control system uses the optimal current flow path calculated by the topology reconfiguration algorithm to balance the load and capacity of each path using the constraint condition, ensuring that the current flow of the power distribution path does not exceed its maximum carrying capacity. The load balancing is performed through the following constraint formula:

[0045]

[0046] where λ i is the load coefficient of the current path i, and P i ​For the power flow of path i, P max This represents the maximum allowable load power of the system.

[0047] S1-4: If the central control system determines that a certain line is overloaded or has a fault, the automatic switching device switches the current flow direction according to the control signal issued by the central control system, and uses a backup power supply or load transfer method to redistribute the load, ensuring the stability of the system power supply. The automatic switching device is adjusted by the feedback signals of the current sensor and the voltage sensor to achieve real-time adjustment of the optimal path.

[0048] S2: Load Forecasting and Overload Warning: Based on historical and real-time load data of the power distribution system, the ARIMA algorithm is used to predict future load and determine whether there is an overload trend. If the predicted load value exceeds the set overload threshold, an overload warning result is output. Specifically, this includes the following steps:

[0049] The ARIMA model, based on historical load data and real-time collected load information, predicts future load change trends through autoregression and moving average. The input data includes historical load data, real-time load data, time series data, and seasonal factors. The specific data input formula is as follows:

[0050] P pred (t+1)=αP(t)+βP(t-1)+γP(t-2)+…+ò

[0051] Among them, P pred (t+1) represents the predicted load value at the next time step, P(t), P(t-1), and P(t-2) represent the load data at past time steps, α, β, and γ are the regression coefficients in the ARIMA model, and ò represents the error term, reflecting the uncertainty of the model's prediction. The regression coefficients of the ARIMA model are solved using the least squares method. The parameters used include: the degree of influence of past load on the current load p, the degree of load data stabilization d, and the degree of influence of past errors on the current load q, ensuring that the model can accurately predict changes in the power distribution system load. The optimal parameters are selected under the following constraints:

[0052]

[0053] in, P represents the optimal model parameters. actual (t) represents the actual load value.

[0054] S3: Multi-level implementation of overload protection mechanism: input overload warning results and real-time load data, if the load of a branch exceeds the set threshold, the system will automatically cut off the current of the branch; if the entire system is overloaded, the control system will relieve the overload through topology reconstruction or load transfer; if topology reconstruction or load transfer cannot relieve the overload, the standby power supply will be enabled to supplement the load; including the following steps:

[0055] S3-1: When the load of a branch exceeds the set local overload threshold, the central control system triggers the automatic switch device to cut off the current of the branch and stops the branch from supplying power to the load by monitoring the branch current and power data, and the current threshold is the maximum carrying current measured by the current sensor;

[0056] S3-2: When the load of the entire power distribution system exceeds the set global overload threshold, the central control system starts the global overload protection mechanism, reallocates the load of each line in the system to achieve load transfer and prevent single branch overload;

[0057] S3-3: When topology reconstruction and load transfer cannot solve the global overload problem, the system will enable the standby power supply to supplement the load.

[0058] S4: Power distribution line topology reconstruction and data feedback mechanism: real-time monitoring of the load of the power distribution line, if overload or system imbalance is found, the control system triggers topology reconstruction, adjusts the power distribution path, and issues instructions to the automatic switch device for switching;

[0059] S5: Automatic overload protection response and recovery: after topology reconstruction is completed, the system restores power supply according to the actual current and load state to ensure load balance and power supply continuity; when the power distribution system restores stable power supply, it ensures that all current paths return to normal and maintains load balance.

[0060] Embodiment 2: This embodiment takes a city's low-voltage power distribution network as the background, combines actual data and equipment, and describes the implementation method of the invention in detail. It includes real-time load collection, load prediction, topology reconstruction and overload protection process of power distribution line. All data comes from the simulation environment of the simulated power distribution system, which provides basis for the system to dynamically adjust the power distribution path, load distribution and overload protection.

[0061] The system architecture of this embodiment is as follows: load monitoring unit: installed at the key nodes of the power distribution circuit, real-time acquisition of current, voltage and power data. Assuming that the load monitoring period of the system is every 10 seconds, the collected data is transmitted to the central control system. Central control system: responsible for collecting real-time load data, using topology reconstruction algorithm to calculate the load distribution of the current power distribution path, and performing dynamic adjustment. Using ARIMA algorithm to predict future load. The system can monitor and reconstruct up to 10 power distribution branches in real time. Automatic switching device: based on control signals, automatically switch current flow, adjust power distribution path and perform load cut-off, load transfer or standby power supply activation. Standby power supply: provides additional power supply, supporting up to 10kW load supplement.

[0062] S1: Automatic reconstruction of power distribution circuit: the power distribution system real-time acquisition of each branch load data, as shown in Table 1:

[0063] Table 1 Load data

[0064]

[0065] When the current of branch 3 exceeds the preset threshold (20A), the system triggers automatic reconstruction. The central control system uses topology reconstruction algorithm to analyze the current path and calculate the optimal path. The calculation result shows that the load can be more evenly distributed within the power distribution network, thereby avoiding the overload of branch 3. The control system sends switching signals to the automatic switching device according to the result, and reconfigures the current flow.

[0066] S2: Load prediction and overload warning: based on load data, ARIMA algorithm is used to predict future load, and the algorithm predicts future load trend based on historical load data (such as load change in the past 30 minutes) and real-time data. For example, the load of branch 1 of the power distribution network, the historical load data shows that the load of branch 1 has gradually increased in the past 30 minutes, and the system predicts that the load will reach 3.5kW in the next 30 minutes, exceeding the system set overload threshold of 2.8kW. At this time, the system issues an overload warning and suggests load transfer or activation of standby power supply.

[0067] S3: Multi-level implementation of overload protection mechanism: local overload cut-off: when the load of branch 1 exceeds the threshold, the central control system cuts off the current of branch 1 through the automatic switching device, and issues load transfer instructions to transfer the load to branches 2 and 4 with lighter load, ensuring stable operation of the system. At this time, the current of branch 1 is cut off, and the switching time is 30 seconds. Global overload protection: if the load of the entire power distribution network exceeds the set threshold, the system redistributes the load through the topology reconstruction algorithm, and transfers part of the load to the standby power supply. Assuming that the total load of the system is 30kW, the current load is 28kW, and the remaining 2kW is supplemented by the standby power supply, ensuring load balance.

[0068] Table 2 Load Update Data

[0069]

[0070] S4: Power Distribution Circuit Topology Reconfiguration and Data Feedback Mechanism: The system monitors real-time data and analyzes the load status of the current power distribution path. Assuming that branch 3 fails (0A current, 0kW power), the system immediately initiates topology reconfiguration, disconnects the faulty line, and calculates a new path based on load distribution. The central control system sends instructions to the automatic switch device to reconfigure the current flow to the backup line. The switching time is 60 seconds, ensuring rapid power restoration.

[0071] S5: Automated Overload Protection Response and Recovery: After topology reconfiguration is complete, the system restores power supply based on real-time current and load status to ensure load balancing and continuity of power supply. Assuming that the load returns to the expected 3.0kW, the system automatically removes overload protection and restores normal power supply.

[0072] Example 3: This example details the overload protection method in the present application, particularly in the low-voltage power distribution network environment. Through multi-level implementation of the overload protection mechanism, the system can respond in time and take appropriate protection measures when the power distribution network load is overloaded or equipment fails. This example is based on a low-voltage power distribution network simulation environment in a certain city, focusing on the specific implementation process of the overload protection method, including load monitoring, overload detection, load cutoff, load transfer, and backup power activation.

[0073] The system architecture of this example is as follows:

[0074] Load Monitoring Unit: Install load monitoring units at each power distribution line branch to collect real-time current, voltage, and power data. The system collects data every 10 seconds and transmits data to the central control system through a wireless communication module. Central Control System: Responsible for collecting real-time load data, analyzing load status, detecting overload using algorithms, and controlling automatic switch devices for load cutoff, transfer, or activation of backup power. Automatic Switch Device: Install automatic switch devices at each power distribution branch to control current flow. When overload or failure occurs, the switch device cuts off the current or adjusts the power distribution path according to the control signal. Backup Power: Provides additional power for the power distribution network, supporting up to 10kW of load supplement, mainly used to deal with global overload or emergencies.

[0075] S1: Real-time load data collection: In this embodiment, the system collects the above data every 10 seconds in real-time through the load monitoring unit and transmits it to the central control system through the wireless module. The system analyzes the load situation of each branch in real-time and detects that the current of branch 1 reaches 18A, exceeding the set maximum carrying current of 16A. The system considers that branch 1 is in an overload state. The loads of the four branches in the power distribution network are as follows:

[0076] Table 3 Load data 2

[0077]

[0078] S2: Overload detection and early warning The central control system receives the load data and immediately performs overload detection. According to the set overload threshold (for example, when the load exceeds 16A, it is considered overload), the system finds that the current of branch 1 exceeds the threshold. Once the overload is detected, the system immediately issues an overload warning and starts the overload protection mechanism to trigger the automatic switch device to cut off the load.

[0079] S3: Multi-level implementation of overload protection mechanism

[0080] Local overload cut-off: When the current of branch 1 exceeds 16A, the system cuts off the current of branch 1 through the automatic switch device to prevent damage to electrical equipment. The operation sends a cut-off instruction through the central control system, and the switch device receives the instruction and successfully cuts off the current of branch 1 after about 30 seconds of reaction time. The current returns to 0A when the cut-off is completed. The following table shows the current change of branch 1:

[0081] Table 4 Current data

[0082]

[0083] Load transfer: After the current of branch 1 is cut off, the system continues to monitor the load situation of the power distribution network. Due to the large load of branch 1, the system transfers part of the load to branches 2 and 4 through the load transfer mechanism. Assuming that the load of branch 1 is 4.0kW, the system transfers 2kW of load to branches 2 and 4. The load transfer operation is adjusted through the automatic switch device, and the load of branch 2 increases to 5.3kW and the load of branch 4 increases to 5.1kW, and the total load of the system remains within a safe range.

[0084] Table 5 Load transfer data

[0085]

[0086] Global overload protection: If the total load of the power distribution network exceeds the set global overload threshold (e.g., the total load of the power distribution network exceeds 20kW), the system activates the global overload protection mechanism. Assuming the total load of the power distribution network is 21kW at this time, which exceeds the set threshold, the system activates the backup power source to supplement the load. The backup power source is 10kW, and the system first prioritizes supplying Branch 1, continues to maintain load balance, and ensures that the load distribution of the power distribution network is reasonable. The allocation of the backup power source and the load of the power distribution network is as follows:

[0087] Table 6 Load distribution data

[0088]

[0089] S4: System recovery and load balancing: After load transfer and backup power source activation, the system continuously monitors the load of each branch and ensures load balancing. Assuming the power distribution network recovers to a total load of 25kW, the system will again evaluate the load and ensure that no branch exceeds the set load threshold. If load balancing is detected, the overload protection mechanism is released, and the system returns to normal power supply.

[0090] By implementing the overload protection method of the present application, the power distribution network can effectively cope with load fluctuations and sudden failures, improving the safety and reliability of the system. The multi-level implementation of the overload protection mechanism ensures that the system can respond in time under local and global overload conditions, avoiding equipment damage and prolonging the service life of the power distribution network. At the same time, the load transfer and backup power source activation mechanism provides flexible emergency capabilities, ensuring that the system can still operate stably under high load conditions.

[0091] The above embodiments only express several embodiments of the present application, and the description is more specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as a limitation on the scope of the application. It should be noted that for ordinary skilled persons in the art, without departing from the concept of the present application, a number of modifications and improvements can be made, which are within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A reconfigurable power distribution circuit and its overload protection method, characterized by: The method comprises the following steps: S1: automatic reconstruction of power distribution circuit: real-time load data of power distribution circuit is collected by load monitoring unit; according to real-time load data, central control system analyzes current load distribution through topology reconstruction algorithm and determines whether dynamic adjustment of power distribution path is needed; if current line is overloaded, automatic switch device switches current flow path, triggers topology reconstruction process, and the automatic reconstruction of power distribution circuit comprises the following contents: S1-1: power distribution system collects current, voltage and power data of each power distribution line in real time through load monitoring unit, the data is transmitted to central control system through wireless communication module, and the sampling period of load monitoring unit does not exceed the set threshold At, the load data is the input data of system topology reconstruction process; S1-2: The central control system uses a topology reconfiguration algorithm to analyze the load distribution of the current power distribution path according to real-time load data. If it is found that the load of a certain line exceeds its carrying capacity, a new current flow path is calculated, and the optimal path P is determined new is represented by the following equation: where P new is the total power flow of the new path, f ij is the current flow matrix from node i to node j, c ij is the current transmission capacity from node i to node j, and n is the total number of nodes in the network: S1-3: according to the optimal current flow path calculated by the topology reconstruction algorithm, the central control system balances the load and capacity of each path using the constraint condition to ensure that the current flow of the power distribution path does not exceed its maximum carrying capacity, and the load balancing is carried out through the following constraint formula: where λ i is the load factor of the current path i, P i is the power flow of path i, P max is the maximum load power allowed by the system; S1-4: if the central control system determines that a certain line is overloaded, the automatic switch device switches the current flow according to the control signal sent by the central control system, and uses the standby power supply or load transfer mode to realize the redistribution of load, so as to ensure the stability of system power supply recovery, and the automatic switch device adjusts through the feedback signal of current sensor and voltage sensor to realize the real-time adjustment of optimal path; S2: load prediction and overload early warning: based on historical load data and real-time data, ARIMA algorithm is used to model and predict future load, and it is judged whether there is an overload trend; if the load prediction value exceeds the set overload threshold, the overload early warning result is output, and the modeling of load prediction adopts ARIMA algorithm, characterized by: The ARIMA model is based on historical load data and real-time collected load information, and predicts the future load change trend through autoregression and moving average, the input data includes historical load data, real-time load data, time series and seasonal factors, and the specific data input formula is: P pred (t+1) = aP(t) + bP(t-1) + gP(t-2) +... + o where P pred (t+1) represents the load prediction value at the next time; P(t), P(t-1) and P(t-2) are load data at past times; a, b and g are regression coefficients in the ARIMA model; and 0 is an error term. S3: multi-level implementation of overload protection mechanism: input overload early warning result and real-time load data, if the load of a branch exceeds the set threshold, the system will automatically cut off the current of the branch; if the whole system is overloaded, the control system relieves the overload through topology reconstruction or load transfer; if topology reconstruction or load transfer cannot relieve the overload, the standby power supply is used to supplement the load; S4: topology reconstruction of power distribution circuit and data feedback mechanism: real-time monitoring of load condition of power distribution circuit, if overload or system imbalance is found, control system triggers topology reconstruction, adjusts power distribution path, and issues instruction to automatic switch device for switching; S5: automatic overload protection response and recovery: after the topology reconstruction is completed, the system restores power supply according to the actual current and load state to ensure load balance and power supply continuity; when the power distribution system restores stable power supply, it ensures that all current paths return to normal and maintains load balance.

2. The reconfigurable power distribution circuit and its overload protection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The regression coefficients of the ARIMA model are solved by least square method, and the parameters used include: the influence degree of past load on current load p, the degree of load data stabilization d, and the influence degree of past error on current load q, wherein the optimal parameter selection is performed by the following constraints: wherein, denotes the optimal model parameters, P actual (t) is the actual load value.

3. The reconfigurable power distribution circuit and its overload protection method according to claim 1, wherein: The multi-level implementation of the overload protection mechanism in step S3 includes the following: S3-1: When the load of a branch exceeds the set local overload threshold, the central control system triggers the automatic switch device to cut off the current of the branch and stops the branch from supplying power to the load by monitoring the branch current and power data, and the overload threshold of the current is the maximum carrying current measured by the current sensor; S3-2: When the load of the entire power distribution system exceeds the set global overload threshold, the central control system starts the global overload protection mechanism, and realizes load transfer and prevents the overload of a single branch by redistributing the load of each line in the system; S3-3: When topology reconstruction and load transfer cannot solve the global overload problem, the system will enable the standby power supply to supplement the load.

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