Oxygen-increasing breathing device for first aid

By designing a first aid aerobic breathing device equipped with a massage ball and a dynamic air supply airbag, the problem of hypoxia caused by oxygen intake fixation in the prior art is solved, and more effective blood circulation and respiratory status improvements are achieved during the first aid process.

CN119950920AInactive Publication Date: 2025-05-09王若愚
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Patent Information

Application Number
CN202510298507.8
Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Applications(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
Filing Date
2025-03-13
Publication Date
2025-05-09
Estimated Expiration
Not applicable · inactive patent

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

The existing first aid respirators are used to force patients to breathe and the degree of oxygen intake is fixed, which may cause the patient to feel hypoxia during the first aid and miss the best first aid time.

Method used

A first aid aerobic breathing device is designed, equipped with a breathing mask, air supply bag, head assistance assembly and chest assistance assembly. Through the push-squeezing plate operation, the air supply ball deforms and drives the alignment side rod and the synchronous linkage drive rod to move, so that the first massage ball comes into contact with the patient's temple and the second massage ball are the patient's chest, and promotes the improvement of blood circulation and respiratory state.

Benefits of technology

When the patient breathes, the device can massage the chest and temples, improve the impact of hypoxia on the myocardium, help the coronary artery dilate, relieve chest tightness, improve breathing status, ensure the patient's oxygen intake and blood circulation during the first aid, and recover as soon as possible for the next step of examination and first aid.

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Abstract

The first-aid oxygenation breathing device comprises a breathing mask and an air supply air bag, the outer wall of the air supply air bag is fixedly connected with two pushing pressing plates used for handheld operation, the two sides of the breathing mask are each provided with a head auxiliary assembly, and each head auxiliary assembly comprises a connecting box, a first massage ball and a rotating rod; the air supply air bags are arranged on the alignment side rods to extrude the air supply air bags to breathe and enable the first massage balls to be in contact with the temple parts of the patient; a pushing pressing plate moves along with deformation of the air supply air bag, a second massage ball makes rotary contact with the chest of the patient, blood circulation of the patient is promoted, the breathing state is improved, the chest and temples on the top of the head can be massaged while the patient breathes, and the situation that the myocardial blood pumping function of the patient is affected by oxygen deficit is relieved; the coronary artery is helped to gradually thicken and expand, chest distress is relieved, and the overall state of breathing is improved, so that a patient can recover with a certain effect as soon as possible, and the next examination and emergency treatment of the patient are facilitated.
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Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of oxygen-enhancing breathing devices, in particular to an oxygen-enhancing breathing device for emergency use. Background Art

[0002] Respirators, also known as resuscitation balls, air bags, leather balls, etc., are suitable for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and situations requiring artificial respiration first aid. Due to their portability, they are easily used outdoors, especially in situations of suffocation, dyspnea or the need to increase oxygen supply. Forced breathing is performed on patients with dyspnea to increase ventilation, improve ventilation function, and reduce the work of respiratory muscles. When forced breathing is performed on patients with dyspnea, the problem of low ventilation is solved based on the oxygen intake status. When the patient breathes too slowly, the oxygen intake is too little, which will cause the patient to suffer from hypoxia, and hypoxia will cause the patient's blood circulation to slow down. Therefore, when forced breathing is performed directly, the oxygen intake level brought to the patient is often fixed, so that the patient has to spend a certain amount of time to have sufficient oxygen before going to the hospital for examination, and it is easy to miss the best first aid time. Therefore, an oxygen-enhancing breathing device for first aid is needed. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an oxygen-enhancing breathing device for emergency use, which can massage the chest and temples of the patient while the patient is breathing, thereby improving the effect of hypoxia on the patient's myocardial pumping function, helping the coronary arteries to gradually thicken and expand, relieving chest tightness, and improving the overall state of breathing so that the patient can recover as soon as possible to facilitate the next step of examination and emergency treatment for the patient, thereby effectively solving the problems in the background technology.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0005] An oxygen-enhancing breathing device for emergency use comprises a breathing mask and an air supply bag, wherein two pushing and squeezing plates for hand-held operation are fixedly connected to the outer wall of the air supply bag, head auxiliary components are arranged on both sides of the breathing mask, and the head auxiliary components comprise a connecting box, a first massage ball and a rotating rod, and alignment side rods are arranged on both sides of the air supply bag, which are located on the alignment side rods to squeeze the air supply bag for breathing and make the first massage ball contact with the patient's temple to improve the breathing state during emergency use, and a chest auxiliary component is arranged on the outer side of the air supply bag, and the chest auxiliary component comprises a second massage ball, a wrapping gear ring and a synchronous linkage drive rod, and the second massage ball contacts the patient's chest to improve the breathing state during emergency use.

[0006] As a further solution of the present invention: the outer side of the pushing and pressing plate is fixedly connected with an aligning side rod, the outer wall of the aligning side rod is fixedly connected with a reinforcing diagonal rod, the reinforcing diagonal rod and one end of the aligning side rod are fixed to the aligning side rod through an elastic corrugated rod, and the connecting box is fixedly connected to the aligning side rod.

[0007] As a further solution of the present invention: the rotating rod is rotatably connected in the connecting box, the first massage ball is fixedly connected to the rotating rod, and an acceleration blade for assisting the rotation is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the rotating rod.

[0008] As a further solution of the present invention: a limiting connecting rod is provided on the outside of the connecting box, the limiting connecting rod is fixed on the breathing mask, one end of the limiting connecting rod is fixedly connected to a connecting rope, the connecting rope is wrapped around the outer wall of the rotating rod, and one end of the connecting rope is fixed on the rotating rod.

[0009] As a further solution of the present invention: one side of the connection box is open, and the rotating rod is connected to the connection box by means of a torsion spring.

[0010] As a further solution of the present invention: the air supply bag is connected to the breathing mask through a sealing tube, the breathing mask is buckled with the patient's face, and the center position of the air supply bag corresponds to the patient's chest.

[0011] As a further solution of the present invention: the second massage ball is rotatably connected to the air supply airbag, and the outer wall of the second massage ball is fixedly connected with a wrapping gear ring, and the outer side of the synchronous linkage drive rod has a tooth groove corresponding to the wrapping gear ring.

[0012] As a further solution of the present invention: the synchronous linkage driving rod is fixedly connected to the pushing and pressing plate, and the air supply airbag is provided with an avoidance cavity corresponding to the synchronous linkage driving rod.

[0013] As a further embodiment of the present invention, an oxygen-enhancing breathing device for emergency use includes a method of use in the following situations:

[0014] A: For patients with hypoxia, the breathing mask is worn for first aid, and the rescuer operates the push and squeeze plate to squeeze the air supply bag to supply oxygen to the patient;

[0015] B: When the air supply bag is squeezed to supply oxygen, the pushing and squeezing plate moves along with the deformation of the air supply bag, driving the alignment side rod to move toward the patient's head, thereby rotating the first massage ball to contact the patient's temple, promoting the patient's blood circulation and improving the breathing state;

[0016] C: The air supply bag is placed on the patient's chest for use. The pushing and squeezing plate moves as the air supply bag deforms, driving the synchronous linkage driving rod to pull on the wrapping gear ring, thereby rotating the second massage ball in contact with the patient's chest, promoting the patient's blood circulation and improving the breathing state.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] For first aid of patients with hypoxia who wear breathing masks, the rescuer operates the pushing and squeezing plate to squeeze the air supply bag to supply oxygen to the patient. When squeezing the air supply bag to supply oxygen, the pushing and squeezing plate moves as the air supply bag deforms, driving the matching side rod to move toward the patient's head, thereby rotating the first massage ball and the patient's temple, promoting the patient's blood circulation and improving the breathing state. The air supply bag is located on the patient's chest for use, and the pushing and squeezing plate moves as the air supply bag deforms, driving the synchronous linkage drive rod to pull on the wrapped gear ring, thereby rotating the second massage ball and the patient's chest, promoting the patient's blood circulation and improving the breathing state, so that the chest and temples on the top of the head can be massaged while the patient is breathing, improving the myocardial pumping function affected by hypoxia, helping the coronary artery to gradually thicken and expand, relieving chest tightness, and improving the overall breathing state so that the patient can recover as soon as possible, so that the patient can proceed to the next step of examination and first aid. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0020] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of an oxygen-enhancing breathing device for emergency use;

[0021] Figure 2 A top view of an oxygen-enhancing breathing device for emergency use;

[0022] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the air supply airbag axis side in an emergency oxygen-enhancing breathing device;

[0023] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a chest auxiliary component in an emergency oxygen-enhancing breathing device;

[0024] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a head auxiliary component in an emergency oxygen-enhancing breathing device;

[0025] In the figure: 1. breathing mask; 11. air supply bag; 111. avoidance cavity; 2. push and squeeze plate; 3. alignment side rod; 31. reinforcing diagonal rod; 32. elastic corrugated rod; 4. head auxiliary component; 41. connecting box; 42. first massage ball; 43. rotating rod; 431. acceleration blade; 44. limiting connecting rod; 45. connecting rope; 5. chest auxiliary component; 51. second massage ball; 52. wrapped gear ring; 53. synchronous linkage drive rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0027] See also Figures 1 to 5 In an embodiment of the present invention, an oxygen-enhancing breathing device for emergency use includes a breathing mask 1 and an air supply bag 11. Two pushing and squeezing plates 2 for hand-held operation are fixedly connected to the outer wall of the air supply bag 11. Head auxiliary components 4 are provided on both sides of the breathing mask 1. The head auxiliary components 4 include a connecting box 41, a first massage ball 42 and a rotating rod 43. Alignment side rods 3 are provided on both sides of the air supply bag 11. The alignment side rods 3 squeeze the air supply bag 11 for breathing and make the first massage ball 42 contact with the patient's temple to improve the breathing state during emergency treatment. A chest auxiliary component 5 is provided on the outer side of the air supply bag 11. The chest auxiliary component 5 includes a second massage ball 51, a wrapping gear ring 52 and a synchronous linkage drive rod 53. The second massage ball 51 contacts the patient's chest to improve the breathing state during emergency treatment.

[0028] In this embodiment: the patient is supplied with oxygen, and the breathing mask 1 is worn on the patient's face, so that oxygen can be supplied by squeezing the air supply bag 11. The push and squeeze plate 2 is provided to facilitate the rescuer to apply force to the air supply bag 11, and the rescuer operates on the push and squeeze plate 2 to squeeze the air supply bag 11 to supply oxygen to the patient.

[0029] Respiratory head assistance, the pushing and squeezing plate 2 moves with the deformation of the air supply airbag 11, driving the positioning side rod 3 to move toward the patient's head, so that the first massage ball 42 is rotated and contacted with the patient's temple, promoting the patient's blood circulation and improving the breathing state. According to the movement of the positioning side rod 3, the first massage ball 42 is facing the patient. If the position is not opposite to the temple, the positioning side rod 3 can be directly moved. Under the action of the elastic corrugated rod 32, the position of the positioning side rod 3, that is, the first massage ball 42, can be directly changed, so as to achieve the purpose of rapid displacement without delaying the medical staff's rescue of the patient. The outer side of the pushing and squeezing plate 2 is fixedly connected with the positioning side rod 3. The outer wall of the positioning side rod 3 is fixedly connected with a reinforcing oblique rod 31, and one end of the reinforcing oblique rod 31 and the positioning side rod 3 are fixed to the positioning side rod 3 through an elastic corrugated rod 32, and the connecting box 41 is fixedly connected to the positioning side rod 3. The elastic corrugated rod 32 has a certain elasticity, and can change the curvature when force is applied, and can maintain the shape unchanged when no force is applied. The positioning side rod 3 is connected by the elastic corrugated rod 32, and the reinforcing oblique rod 31 is connected thereto, so that the position of the positioning side rod 3 can be stabilized and strengthened, and as the positioning side rod 3 moves, a limiting connecting rod 44 is provided on the outside of the connecting box 41, and the limiting connecting rod 44 is fixed on the breathing mask 1. One end of the rod 44 is fixedly connected to a connecting rope 45, which is wound around the outer wall of the rotating rod 43, and one end of the connecting rope 45 is fixed to the rotating rod 43. Since the connecting rope 45 is connected to the limit connecting rod 44, the position of the connecting rope 45 can be pulled, so that the rotating rod 43 rotates. The rotating rod 43 is rotatably connected to the connecting box 41. The first massage ball 42 is fixedly connected to the rotating rod 43, and the outer wall of the rotating rod 43 is fixedly connected to an accelerating blade 431 for assisting the rotation. While rotating, the rotating rod 43 can be assisted in rotation under the action of the accelerating blade 431, thereby improving the effect of the rotation, so that the first massage ball 42 can contact the rotating rod 43 with a rotating motion. The posture acts on the temple of the patient's head, and can rotate and knead the area in a certain direction, improve the effect of hypoxia on the patient's myocardial pumping function, help the coronary artery to gradually thicken and expand, relieve chest tightness, and improve the overall state of breathing so that the patient can recover as soon as possible to facilitate the next step of examination and first aid. One side of the connecting box 41 is open, which is convenient for the acceleration blade 431 to act on the rotating rod 43, and the rotating rod 43 is connected to the connecting box 41 by a torsion spring. The air supply bag 11 is not subjected to force and recovers its deformation. At the same time, the rotating rod 43 can wrap around the connecting rope 45 under the action of the torsion spring to enable the next repeated action.

[0030] The air supply bag 11 is placed on the patient's chest for use. The pushing and squeezing plate 2 moves as the air supply bag 11 deforms, driving the synchronous linkage drive rod 53 to pull on the wrapped gear ring 52, so that the second massage ball 51 is rotated and in contact with the patient's chest position, promoting the patient's blood circulation and improving the breathing state. During each air supply squeeze, the air supply bag 11 can be gently lifted up and placed on the chest so that the second massage ball 51 can better contact with the chest position. The synchronous linkage drive rod 53 is fixedly connected to the pushing and squeezing plate 2, and the air supply bag 11 is provided with an avoidance cavity 111 corresponding to the synchronous linkage drive rod 53. Since the synchronous linkage drive rod 53 is connected to the pushing and squeezing plate 2, the synchronous linkage drive rod 53 can move along the wrapped gear ring 52. During exercise, the avoidance cavity 111 can provide space for exercise, the second massage ball 51 is rotationally connected to the air supply bag 11, and the outer wall of the second massage ball 51 is fixedly connected with a wrapped gear ring 52, and the outer side of the synchronous linkage drive rod 53 has a tooth groove corresponding to the wrapped gear ring 52, so that under the action of the rack, the second massage ball 51 is driven to act on the patient's chest in a rotational contact posture, which can be kneaded in a certain direction to improve the hypoxia effect on the patient's myocardial pumping function, help the coronary artery gradually thicken and expand, relieve chest tightness, and improve the overall state of breathing so that the patient can recover as soon as possible, so that the patient can carry out the next step of examination and first aid, and the air supply bag 11 is not forced to recover its deformation, and the synchronous linkage drive rod 53 returns to its original position to enable the next repeated action.

[0031] like Figure 1-Figure 5 The present invention also provides a method for using an emergency oxygen-enhancing breathing device, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0032] A: For patients with hypoxia, they wear a breathing mask 1 for first aid, and the rescuer operates the push and squeeze plate 2 to squeeze the air supply bag 11 to supply oxygen to the patient;

[0033] B: When the air supply bag 11 is squeezed to supply oxygen, the push-squeezing plate 2 moves along with the deformation of the air supply bag 11, driving the alignment side rod 3 to move toward the patient's head, so that the first massage ball 42 is rotated and in contact with the patient's temple, promoting the patient's blood circulation and improving the breathing state;

[0034] C: The air supply bag 11 is placed on the patient's chest for use, and the pushing and squeezing plate 2 moves as the air supply bag 11 deforms, driving the synchronous linkage driving rod 53 to pull on the wrapped gear ring 52, thereby rotating the second massage ball 51 to contact the patient's chest position, promoting the patient's blood circulation and improving the breathing state.

[0035] The working principle of the present invention is: the patient is supplied with oxygen, and the breathing mask 1 is worn on the patient's face, so that oxygen can be supplied by squeezing the air supply bag 11. The push and squeeze plate 2 is provided, which can facilitate the rescuer to apply force to the air supply bag 11. The rescuer operates on the push and squeeze plate 2 to squeeze the air supply bag 11 to supply oxygen to the patient, and the breathing head is assisted. The push and squeeze plate 2 moves with the deformation of the air supply bag 11, driving the positioning side rod 3 to move toward the patient's head, so that the first massage ball 42 is rotated and contacted with the patient's temple, promoting the patient's blood circulation and improving the breathing state. According to the movement of the positioning side rod 3, the first massage ball 42 is facing the patient. If the position is not opposite to the temple, the positioning side rod 3 can be directly toggled to adjust the elastic wave. The position of the counter side rod 3, i.e., the first massage ball 42, can be directly changed under the action of the corrugated rod 32, so as to achieve the purpose of rapid displacement without delaying the medical staff's rescue of the patient. The elastic corrugated rod 32 has a certain elasticity, and can change the curvature when force is applied, and can maintain the shape unchanged when no force is applied. The counter side rod 3 is connected by the elastic corrugated rod 32, and the reinforcing inclined rod 31 is connected thereto to stabilize and strengthen the position of the counter side rod 3. With the movement of the counter side rod 3, since the connecting rope 45 is connected to the limiting connecting rod 44, the position of the connecting rope 45 can be pulled, so that the rotating rod 43 is rotated. While rotating, the rotating rod 43 can be assisted in rotation under the action of the accelerating blade 431, thereby improving the rotation effect and making the first massage ball 4 2 can act on the temple of the patient's head in a rotating contact posture, and can knead the area in a certain direction to improve the hypoxia-induced myocardial pumping function of the patient, help the coronary artery to gradually thicken and expand, relieve chest tightness, and improve the overall state of breathing so that the patient can recover as soon as possible to facilitate the next step of examination and first aid. The air supply bag 11 is not forced to restore its deformation, and at the same time, the rotating rod 43 can wrap the connecting rope 45 under the action of the torsion spring, so that the next repeated action, the air supply bag 11 is located at the patient's chest for use, and the pushing and squeezing plate 2 moves with the deformation of the air supply bag 11, driving the synchronous linkage driving rod 53 to pull on the wrapped gear ring 52, thereby rotating the second massage ball 51 with the patient's chest position. The second massage ball 51 is in contact with the chest, promoting the patient's blood circulation and improving the breathing state. Each time the air supply is squeezed, the air supply bag 11 can be gently lifted and placed on the chest, so that the second massage ball 51 can better contact the chest position. Since the synchronous linkage driving rod 53 is connected to the pushing and squeezing plate 2, the synchronous linkage driving rod 53 can move along the wrapped gear ring 52, thereby driving the second massage ball 51 to act on the patient's chest in a rotational contact posture under the action of the rack, and can perform rotation and kneading on the part in a certain direction, improve the hypoxia-induced myocardial pumping function of the patient, help the coronary artery gradually thicken and expand, relieve chest tightness, and improve the overall state of breathing so that the patient can recover as soon as possible, so that the patient can carry out the next step of examination and first aid.The air supply bag 11 is not subjected to force and recovers its deformation, and the synchronous linkage driving rod 53 returns to its original position to enable the next repeated action.

[0036] What is described above is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An oxygen-enhancing breathing device for emergency use, comprising a breathing mask (1) and an air supply bag (11), characterized in that: The outer wall of the air supply bag (11) is fixedly connected to two pushing and squeezing plates (2) for hand-held operation. Both sides of the breathing mask (1) are provided with head auxiliary components (4), and the head auxiliary components (4) include a connection box (41), a first massage ball (42) and a rotating rod (43). Both sides of the air supply bag (11) are provided with positioning side rods (3), which are located on the positioning side rods (3) to squeeze the air supply bag (11) for breathing and make the first massage ball (42) contact with the patient's temple to improve the breathing state during first aid. The outer side of the air supply bag (11) is provided with a chest auxiliary component (5), and the chest auxiliary component (5) includes a second massage ball (51), a wrapping gear ring (52) and a synchronous linkage drive rod (53). The second massage ball (51) contacts the patient's chest to improve the breathing state during first aid.

2. An oxygen-enhancing breathing device for emergency use according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer side of the pushing and squeezing plate (2) is fixedly connected to a counter side rod (3), the outer wall of the counter side rod (3) is fixedly connected to a reinforcing oblique rod (31), the reinforcing oblique rod (31) and one end of the counter side rod (3) are both fixed to the counter side rod (3) via an elastic corrugated rod (32), and the connecting box (41) is fixedly connected to the counter side rod (3).

3. The oxygen-enhancing breathing device for emergency use according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating rod (43) is rotatably connected in the connecting box (41), the first massage ball (42) is fixedly connected to the rotating rod (43), and an acceleration blade (431) for assisting rotation is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the rotating rod (43).

4. The oxygen-enhancing breathing device for emergency use according to claim 1, characterized in that: A limiting connecting rod (44) is provided on the outside of the connecting box (41), the limiting connecting rod (44) is fixed on the breathing mask (1), one end of the limiting connecting rod (44) is fixedly connected to a connecting rope (45), the connecting rope (45) is wound around the outer wall of the rotating rod (43), and one end of the connecting rope (45) is fixed on the rotating rod (43).

5. The oxygen-enhancing breathing device for emergency use according to claim 1, characterized in that: One side of the connection box (41) is open, and the rotating rod (43) is connected inside the connection box (41) by means of a torsion spring.

6. The oxygen-enhancing breathing device for emergency use according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air supply bag (11) is connected to the breathing mask (1) via a sealing tube; the breathing mask (1) is snapped onto the patient's face; and the center position of the air supply bag (11) corresponds to the patient's chest.

7. The oxygen-enhancing breathing device for emergency use according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second massage ball (51) is rotatably connected to the air supply airbag (11), and the outer wall of the second massage ball (51) is fixedly connected with a wrapping gear ring (52), and the outer side of the synchronous linkage drive rod (53) has a tooth groove corresponding to the wrapping gear ring (52).

8. The oxygen-enhancing breathing device for emergency use according to claim 1, characterized in that: The synchronous linkage driving rod (53) is fixedly connected to the pushing and pressing plate (2), and the air supply airbag (11) is provided with an avoidance cavity (111) corresponding to the synchronous linkage driving rod (53).

9. A method for using an emergency oxygen-enhancing breathing device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: Including the following usage: A: For an oxygen-deficient patient, the patient wears the breathing mask (1) for first aid, and the rescuer operates the pushing and squeezing plate (2) to squeeze the air supply bag (11) to supply oxygen to the patient; B: When the air supply bag (11) is squeezed to supply oxygen, the pushing and squeezing plate (2) moves along with the deformation of the air supply bag (11), driving the aligning side rod (3) to move toward the patient's head, thereby rotating the first massage ball (42) to contact the patient's temple, promoting the patient's blood circulation and improving the breathing state; C: The air supply bag (11) is placed on the patient's chest for use, and the pushing and squeezing plate (2) moves as the air supply bag (11) deforms, driving the synchronous linkage driving rod (53) to pull on the wrapping gear ring (52), thereby rotating the second massage ball (51) in contact with the patient's chest, promoting the patient's blood circulation and improving the breathing state.