Quick heating device and method for preventing emulsification of hydrogen engine

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of engines, and particularly relates to an anti-emulsification rapid warming device and method for a hydrogen engine. Comprising a first heat pipe array, a second heat pipe array, a phase change heat storage system, a cylinder cover water jacket, an upper cylinder body water jacket and a lower cylinder body water jacket and is used for adjusting the temperature of an engine through cooling liquid. The first heat pipe array is connected with an engine exhaust pipe and a lower cylinder body water jacket and used for transferring heat of the engine exhaust pipe to the lower cylinder body water jacket. The second heat pipe array is connected with the cylinder cover water jacket and the lower cylinder body water jacket and used for transferring heat of the cylinder cover water jacket to the lower cylinder body water jacket. The phase change heat storage system is connected with the lower cylinder body water jacket and used for storing heat of cooling liquid in the lower cylinder body water jacket and conveying the cooling liquid in the phase change heat storage system to the lower cylinder body water jacket when the engine is in cold start. The volume of cooling liquid needing to be heated in the warm-up stage is reduced through the heat pipe array and phase change heat storage, and the problem of engine oil emulsification caused by water condensation in cold start and low-temperature short-distance operation is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of engine thermal regulation, and in particular relates to a hydrogen engine anti-emulsification rapid warm-up device and method. Background Art

[0002] A hydrogen engine is an internal combustion engine that uses hydrogen as fuel. Its working principle is similar to that of a traditional gasoline engine. The main emission produced during the combustion process of a hydrogen engine is water, which makes it a cleaner energy option. Hydrogen engines can make full use of existing mature engine production processes and production equipment, so the manufacturing cost is low. At the same time, hydrogen engines have low requirements for hydrogen purity and low hydrogen costs, and have strong application prospects.

[0003] The main combustion product of the engine is H2O. Under low temperature conditions, cold start conditions, low speed driving conditions, etc., the gaseous water produced is easy to condense at the lower part of the cylinder liner at a lower temperature. The condensed liquid water will enter the engine oil pan along the piston ring, making the oil emulsification phenomenon in hydrogen engines inevitable. After the oil is emulsified, its viscosity is greatly reduced, and the lubrication performance is significantly deteriorated. In severe cases, it will cause the engine to pull the cylinder or seize the bearings, which has become a key technical issue restricting the development of hydrogen engines and has attracted the attention of a wide range of scholars.

[0004] Existing technologies, such as patent CN109611255A, propose an engine warm-up scheme based on parallel insulation pipes and solenoid valve control. The high-temperature coolant is pre-stored in a thermos and injected into the engine water jacket, and multiple solenoid valves are used to switch the coolant circulation path, aiming to improve the thermal management efficiency under cold start conditions. However, the cold start only relies on the pre-stored hot water in the thermos as the only heat source, and the heat transfer path relies on the forced circulation of the water pump. This results in the defects of a single heat source, a long heat transfer response time, and low heat exchange efficiency. The engine water jacket structure adopts a traditional integrated water jacket design. The entire coolant circuit needs to be heated during cold start, resulting in low warm-up efficiency. And the patent does not provide a detailed description of the structure of the thermos and other features. Although patents CN112412605A and CN115370458B provide the possibility of parallel control of the cooling water circuits of the cylinder block and cylinder head, the improvement of the warm-up efficiency only through improvements in the coolant circulation control such as the flow control of the cylinder block and cylinder head and the use of the HVAC device is not very convincing, and the parallel water circuit causes the temperature difference between the cylinder block and the cylinder head to be too large for a long time, which will cause the risk of cylinder deformation. Although patent CN205172709U uses the control of the thermostat to achieve different coolant circulation modes through the split cooling system, it reduces the coolant that needs to be heated during the cold start process and improves the warm-up rate to a certain extent. However, the lack of an efficient heat storage system and heat transfer device causes the waste heat of the existing solution to be quickly dissipated to the environment after shutdown. During cold start, the reserved heat cannot be used to preheat the coolant, and it relies on a single coolant circuit for heat transfer, which still cannot warm up efficiently. In summary, the control method proposed in the above patents is conceptually advanced and provides new ideas and directions for solving problems related to rapid engine warm-up. However, none of these existing technical solutions proposes a specific, practical and efficient heat exchange method, especially in terms of heat exchange efficiency, energy utilization efficiency and overall system performance optimization, the specific implementation details are relatively insufficient.

[0005] In view of the above defects, there is an urgent need for a new warm-up device that integrates intelligent graded cooling, efficient heat exchange, heat recovery and storage, and multi-modal control to solve the problem of oil emulsification under low-temperature cold start conditions of hydrogen engines, while achieving rapid warm-up, energy consumption optimization, and comprehensive improvement of system reliability. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a rapid warm-up device and method for preventing emulsification of a hydrogen engine. Through a heat pipe array and a phase change heat transfer system, the exhaust waste heat is rationally utilized, the coolant flow path is optimized, and a graded heating strategy is used to achieve rapid warm-up and reduce the risk of emulsification of the hydrogen engine oil.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a rapid warm-up device for preventing emulsification of a hydrogen engine, comprising:

[0008] A first heat pipe array, a second heat pipe array, a phase change heat storage system, and a cooling water jacket disposed inside the cylinder head and cylinder body of the engine; a cylinder head water jacket, an upper cylinder body water jacket, and a lower cylinder body water jacket are formed by arranging valve partitions between the cylinder head and the upper cylinder body, and between the upper cylinder body and the lower cylinder body, so as to realize temperature control of different parts in the engine through a circulation path of the coolant;

[0009] The first heat pipe array is connected to the engine exhaust pipe and the lower cylinder water jacket respectively, and is used to transfer the heat of the engine exhaust pipe to the lower cylinder water jacket;

[0010] The second heat pipe array is connected to the cylinder head water jacket and the lower cylinder body water jacket respectively, and is used to transfer the heat of the cylinder head water jacket to the lower cylinder body water jacket;

[0011] The phase change heat storage system is connected to the lower cylinder water jacket and is used to store the heat of the coolant in the lower cylinder water jacket and transport the high-temperature coolant in the phase change heat storage system to the lower cylinder water jacket when the engine is cold started to preheat the engine.

[0012] Furthermore, a first communicating water tank and a second communicating water tank are respectively provided between the first heat pipe array, the second heat pipe array and the lower cylinder water jacket;

[0013] The first heat pipe array and the second heat pipe array include an outer shell and a liquid wick, wherein the two ends of the outer shell are an evaporation zone and a condensation zone respectively; the evaporation zone of the first heat pipe array is connected to the engine exhaust pipe, and the condensation zone is connected to the first connecting water tank; the evaporation zone of the second heat pipe array is connected to the cylinder head water jacket, and the condensation zone is connected to the second connecting water tank.

[0014] Furthermore, the phase change heat storage system includes a heat exchange layer and an auxiliary temperature rising layer;

[0015] The heat exchange layer is built with phase change material and coolant channels;

[0016] The auxiliary temperature-raising layer is provided with a heating wire.

[0017] Furthermore, the heat exchange layer is composed of loofah fibers loaded with phase change material, and the three-dimensional porous network structure of the loofah fibers constitutes the cooling liquid channel.

[0018] Furthermore, a transition valve is provided between the heat exchange layer and the auxiliary temperature-raising layer; the heat exchange layer is separated from the outside world by a high-temperature resistant ceramic partition for heat preservation;

[0019] The heat exchange layer is provided with a liquid inlet, and the auxiliary temperature-raising layer is provided with a liquid outlet;

[0020] The heat exchange layer is provided with a first temperature sensor and a first water level gauge; the auxiliary temperature rising layer is provided with a second temperature sensor and a second water level gauge.

[0021] Furthermore, the lower cylinder water jacket is further divided into an upper water jacket of the lower cylinder and a lower water jacket of the lower cylinder by a first valve; a second valve is provided between the upper water jacket of the lower cylinder and the upper water jacket of the upper cylinder, and a third valve, a fourth valve and a first water pump are provided between the upper water jacket of the upper cylinder and the cylinder head water jacket;

[0022] Temperature sensors are respectively arranged in the cylinder head water jacket, the upper cylinder body water jacket and the lower cylinder body water jacket.

[0023] Furthermore, the rapid warm-up device also includes a heat dissipation device, which includes a radiator, a fan and an expansion water tank;

[0024] The radiator is connected to the cylinder head water jacket and the lower cylinder body water jacket respectively; the fan is arranged behind the radiator to accelerate the air flow;

[0025] The expansion water tank is connected to the radiator and is used for adjusting the coolant pressure and storing the coolant that expands or contracts due to temperature changes.

[0026] Furthermore, a first solenoid valve is provided between the second heat pipe array and the cylinder head water jacket, and the first solenoid valve is also connected to the radiator through a second solenoid valve;

[0027] A four-way valve is also provided between the phase-change heat storage system and the lower cylinder water jacket, and the four ports of the four-way valve are respectively connected to the phase-change heat storage system, the upper and lower layers of the lower cylinder water jacket, and the radiator;

[0028] The second solenoid valve is connected to the four-way valve and shares a port with the radiator.

[0029] The present invention also provides a rapid warm-up method for preventing emulsification of a hydrogen engine, comprising the following steps:

[0030] When the engine is cold started, it is determined whether the coolant temperature of the heat exchange layer of the phase change heat storage system reaches the first preset temperature T a If the coolant temperature reaches the first preset temperature T a , open the transition valve passage and directly pass the coolant into the lower cylinder water jacket; if the first preset temperature T is not reached a , the transition valve passage and the heating module of the auxiliary heating layer are opened to heat the coolant to the preset temperature T a , and then discharged to the lower cylinder water jacket to preheat the engine lower cylinder water jacket. When the second water level gauge detects that the coolant in the auxiliary temperature-raising layer is completely discharged, the phase change heat storage system is closed;

[0031] When the cylinder head temperature T1 is greater than the second preset temperature T b , the lower cylinder water jacket temperature T3 is greater than the first preset temperature T a and is less than the second preset temperature T b When the coolant in the lower cylinder water jacket is turned on, the coolant is self-circulated, and the coolant between the cylinder head water jacket and the upper cylinder water jacket is circulated;

[0032] When the temperature T3 of the lower cylinder water jacket is greater than the second preset temperature T b circulates coolant throughout the engine.

[0033] Further, when it is detected that the temperature of any one of the cylinder head water jacket, the upper cylinder body water jacket and the lower cylinder body water jacket is greater than the third preset temperature T c When the cooling device is turned on, the coolant is cooled by the cooling device and then circulated in the entire water jacket;

[0034] When the engine is stopped, the valves between the cylinder head water jacket, the upper cylinder water jacket and the lower cylinder water jacket are closed, and the four-way valve is opened to pump the coolant in the lower cylinder water jacket into the phase change heat storage system for heat preservation.

[0035] In general, the above technical solution conceived by the present invention has the following technical advantages compared with the prior art:

[0036] 1. The hydrogen engine anti-emulsification rapid warm-up device provided by the present invention, by arranging the engine water jacket in layers and adopting the heat pipe array high-efficiency heat transfer technology, the high-temperature heat of the exhaust area and the cylinder head water jacket is directed to the lower cylinder water jacket, which greatly shortens the time required for the lower cylinder water jacket warm-up and provides conditions for inhibiting the liquefaction of the combustion output water at the lower cylinder jacket. At the same time, the heat exchange mainly uses the heat energy of the hydrogen engine body, which reduces the demand for external energy, effectively improves the anti-emulsification efficiency of the engine stage and reduces energy consumption.

[0037] 2. Through the innovative design of the coolant post-treatment stage, the phase change heat storage system is used to actively pump out the high-temperature coolant in the water jacket of the lower cylinder when the engine is stopped, and the heat is kept in the phase change heat storage system to provide preheated coolant for the next cold start, accelerate the warm-up rate and recycle the coolant heat.

[0038] 3. The phase change heat storage system designed by the present invention adopts a layered heat preservation chamber structure. Through the solid-solid phase change mechanism of the phase change material, combined with the enhanced heat preservation of the upper layer of loofah fiber-based composite phase change material, and the coordinated control strategy of active heating of the lower layer, the rapid preheating of the coolant under cold start conditions is achieved, providing a good prerequisite environment for subsequent rapid warm-up work. At the same time, the temperature sensor, infrared detector and water level gauge arranged on the phase change heat storage system provide rich data for its PID parameter adjustment, ensuring the temperature stability of the engine under different working conditions and significantly improving the overall energy efficiency of the system.

[0039] 4. The optimized thermal management method of the present invention sets up different coolant graded circulations through the closed-loop linkage of temperature sensors, solenoid valves and engine controllers, realizing real-time and precise control of coolant temperature, flow and pressure, while ensuring the reliability and stability of system operation, and realizing rapid warm-up of the lower cylinder. This method integrates applications such as staged coolant flow paths, efficient heat transfer of heat pipe arrays, and waste heat recovery of hydrogen engines, reducing heat loss and energy waste, meeting energy-saving and environmental protection requirements, and helping to achieve the "dual carbon" goals. The graded warm-up strategy greatly improves the warm-up speed and energy utilization by controlling the coolant flow and heating process in stages.

[0040] In summary, the present invention has achieved significant breakthroughs in rapid warm-up, heat management, energy conservation and environmental protection through technological innovation and system integration. It not only improves the practicality and economy of hydrogen engines, but also provides reliable technical guarantees for their large-scale commercial applications. It has broad market prospects and social value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] Figure 1 It is the system flow chart of the rapid warm-up of this application.

[0042] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the phase change heat storage system.

[0043] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the top view structure of the phase change heat storage system.

[0044] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of the preheating stage in the engine small cycle of the present application.

[0045] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of the split cycle warm-up stage in the engine small cycle of the present application.

[0046] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of a normal operating small cycle (without exhaust heat) in the engine small cycle of the present application.

[0047] Figure 7It is a schematic diagram of the principle of the engine major cycle of the present application.

[0048] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of the engine coolant aftertreatment stage of the present application.

[0049] Throughout the drawings, the same reference numerals are used to denote the same elements or structures, wherein:

[0050] 1-engine; 2-cylinder head water jacket; 3-upper cylinder water jacket; 4-lower cylinder upper water jacket; 5-; 6-engine exhaust pipe; 7-first valve; 8-second valve; 9-third valve; 10-fourth valve; 11-first water pump; 12-coolant; 13-four-way valve; 14-first valve; 15-first solenoid valve; 16-second solenoid valve; 17-first connected water tank; 18-second connected water tank; 19-first heat pipe array; 20-second heat pipe array; 21-phase change heat storage system; 22-fan; 23-radiator; 24-expansion water tank; 25-heating device; 26-cylinder head and upper cylinder temperature sensor; 27-lower cylinder temperature sensor; 28-phase change heat storage system temperature sensor;

[0051] 2101-heat exchange layer; 2102-phase change material; 2103-auxiliary temperature rising layer; 2104-heating wire; 2105-high temperature resistant ceramic partition; 2106-transition valve; 2107-first temperature sensor; 2108-second temperature sensor; 2109-first water level gauge; 2110-second water level gauge; 2111-liquid inlet; 2112-liquid outlet; 2113-inlet valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0053] It should be noted that the words such as "up, down, left, right" mentioned in the specific implementation manner are relative to the position correspondence in the drawings, rather than the position relationship of the actual device. The positional vocabulary is introduced to better explain the application scenario of the present device. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, features defined as "first", "second", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means two or more.

[0054] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by specific circumstances.

[0055] See also Figure 1-8 As shown, the present invention provides a rapid warm-up device for preventing emulsification of a hydrogen engine, comprising:

[0056] A first heat pipe array 19, a second heat pipe array 20, a phase change heat storage system 21, and a water jacket disposed inside the engine 1; the water jacket is located in the cylinder head, the upper cylinder body, and the lower cylinder body of the engine 1, and is separated by valves to form a cylinder head water jacket 2, an upper cylinder body water jacket 3, and a lower cylinder body water jacket, and is used to control the temperature of the engine 1 through the flow of coolant;

[0057] The first heat pipe array 19 is connected to the engine exhaust pipe 6 and the lower cylinder water jacket respectively, and is used to transfer the heat of the engine exhaust pipe 6 to the lower cylinder water jacket;

[0058] The second heat pipe array 20 is respectively connected to the cylinder head water jacket 2 and the lower cylinder body water jacket, and is used to transfer the heat of the cylinder head water jacket 2 to the lower cylinder body water jacket;

[0059] The phase change heat storage system 21 is connected to the lower cylinder water jacket and is used to store the heat of the coolant in the lower cylinder water jacket. When the engine 1 is cold started, the coolant in the phase change heat storage system 21 is transported to the lower cylinder water jacket to preheat the engine 1.

[0060] The present invention aims to solve the problems of low heat utilization efficiency, high risk of oil emulsification and insufficient practicality of hydrogen engines in the existing engine cooling system during the warm-up stage. Through the above-mentioned technical scheme, the exhaust waste heat is rationally utilized, the coolant flow path is optimized and the graded heating strategy is adopted to achieve rapid warm-up, reduce the risk of hydrogen engine oil emulsification and improve the practicality and economy of the hydrogen engine.

[0061] Specifically, Figure 1 As shown, the device of the present invention includes a hydrogen engine 1 body, a water system, a heat transfer device system, a phase change heat storage system 21, a heating device 25, a heat dissipation device, a water pump set, and a temperature control sensor module.

[0062] The water system includes a water jacket layer group and a control valve group. The water jacket layer group divides the engine water jacket into two parts: a cylinder head water jacket 2 and a cylinder body water jacket, wherein the cylinder body water jacket includes an upper cylinder body water jacket 3 and a lower cylinder body water jacket, and further, the lower cylinder body water jacket is divided into a lower cylinder body upper layer water jacket 4 and a lower cylinder body lower layer water jacket 5. The control valve group includes a first valve 7, a second valve 8, a third valve 9, a fourth valve 10 and a four-way valve 13. The cylinder head water jacket 2 is relatively independent from the upper cylinder body water jacket 3, and the connection between the two is controlled by the third valve 9 and the fourth valve 10; the upper cylinder body water jacket 3 is relatively independent from the upper cylinder body water jacket 4, and the connection between the two is controlled by the second valve 8; the lower cylinder body upper layer water jacket 4 and the lower cylinder body lower layer water jacket 5 are relatively independent, and the connection between the two is controlled by the first valve 7 and the four-way valve 13.

[0063] Furthermore, the upper port of the four-way valve 13 is connected to the phase change heat storage system 21, the left port is connected to the upper water jacket 4 of the lower cylinder, the right port is connected to the small cycle external cooling system and the large cycle external cooling system, and the lower port is connected to the lower water jacket 5 of the lower cylinder. The four-way valve 13 is arranged with an integrated multivariable PID control algorithm and has a dynamic flow regulation function.

[0064] In order to enhance the heating speed of the lower water jacket, the heat transfer device is provided. The heat transfer device system includes a first heat pipe array 19, a second heat pipe array 20, a first connected water tank 17, and a second connected water tank 18. The first heat pipe array 19 and the second heat pipe array 20 are a heat pipe bundle formed by a plurality of sets. The heat pipe includes a shell, a liquid wick, and a working fluid. The two ends of the shell are divided into an evaporation zone and a condensation zone, wherein the shell of the evaporation zone is connected to the heat source; and the shell of the condensation zone is connected to the connected water tank. The liquid wick is a capillary structure inside the heat pipe, usually made of sintered powder, sintered mesh, microgroove or composite structure, and is used to transport the condensed liquid working medium (working fluid) from the condensation zone back to the evaporation zone through capillary force. The working fluid is the medium in the heat pipe, usually water, ethanol or refrigerant, etc., and is used to absorb heat in the evaporation zone to vaporize, release heat in the condensation zone to condense, and realize rapid heat transfer, and is used to quickly heat the lower water jacket 5 of the lower cylinder body.

[0065] Furthermore, the first heat pipe array 19 is located between the engine exhaust pipe 6 and the groove 17, and is used to transfer the heat at the engine exhaust pipe 6 to the first connecting water groove 17, and quickly heat the lower layer water jacket 5 of the lower cylinder. The second heat pipe array 20 is located between the first solenoid valve 15 and the second connecting water groove 18, and the first solenoid valve 15 is connected to the cylinder head water jacket 2, and is used to transfer the heat at the cylinder head water jacket 2 to the second connecting water groove 18, and quickly heat the lower layer water jacket 5 of the lower cylinder.

[0066] Furthermore, the first connecting water tank 17 is located between the first heat pipe array 19 and the lower cylinder body, and the second connecting water tank 18 is located between the second heat pipe array 20 and the lower cylinder body, as a transition structure for the coolant, ensuring the heat transfer efficiency between the heat pipe array and the lower cylinder body. The connecting water tank is used as a transition structure to facilitate the rapid transfer of energy from the cylinder head and the exhaust to the lower cylinder body coolant.

[0067] It is worth noting that in this patent, the heat sources connected to the evaporation zone outer shells of the first heat pipe array 19 and the second heat pipe array 20 are the exhaust gas 6 and the cylinder head water jacket 2 respectively; the condensation zone outer shells of the first heat pipe array 19 and the second heat pipe array 20 are connected to the first connecting water tank 17 and the second connecting water tank 18 respectively.

[0068] like Figure 2 and 3 As shown, the present invention also provides a phase change heat storage system 21 with a dual-mode switching function. The phase change heat storage system 21 is connected to the second connecting water tank 18 and the lower water jacket 5 of the lower cylinder body through the upper and lower ports of the four-way valve 13, and includes a layered insulation chamber, a temperature and water level module controller, a heating module and a coolant channel. The layered insulation chamber includes two layers, the upper layer is a heat exchange layer 2101, and a phase change material 2102 is arranged inside to efficiently store or release heat; the lower layer is an auxiliary temperature rise layer 2103 with a heating wire 2104 wound around it, which is isolated from the heat exchange layer 2101 by a transition valve 2106. The high-temperature resistant ceramic partition 2105 is used to isolate the heat exchange layer 2101 from the external environment to achieve a heat preservation effect.

[0069] The temperature and water level module controller integrates the first temperature sensor 2107, the second temperature sensor 2108, the first water level gauge 2109, and the second water level gauge 2110, which are used to monitor the temperature and water level of the upper and lower layers of coolant in real time and regulate the water flow path. Furthermore, the first temperature sensor 2107 and the first water level gauge 2109 are located in the heat exchange layer 2101; the second temperature sensor 2108 and the second water level gauge 2110 are located in the auxiliary temperature rise layer 2103.

[0070] The heating module includes a heating wire 2104, which is arranged in a spiral winding shape on the outer wall of the auxiliary temperature rising layer 2103, and is used for supplementary heating of the coolant when the coolant temperature in the previous stage does not reach the expected level.

[0071] The cooling liquid channel includes a liquid inlet 2111, a liquid outlet 2112, an inlet valve 2113, and a transition valve 2106. The liquid inlet 2111 is connected to the heat exchange layer 2101 and is located on the upper side of the heat exchange layer 2101. The liquid inlet 2111 is connected to the inlet valve 2113. The liquid outlet 2112 is located at the tail of the auxiliary temperature rise layer 2103. The transition valve 2106 is located on the high temperature resistant ceramic partition 2105, connecting the heat exchange layer 2101 and the auxiliary temperature rise layer 2103.

[0072] Preferably, the heat exchange layer 2101 adopts an insulation cavity made of a phase change material 2102, a loofah fiber-based phase change composite material, and the natural three-dimensional porous network structure of the loofah fiber is loaded with a paraffin-based phase change medium through a vacuum impregnation process; the porosity of the loofah fiber is significantly higher than that of conventional natural fiber materials (such as kapok and coconut shell fiber), the pore size distribution is adapted to the fluidity requirements of paraffin, the phase change temperature matches the thermal cycle range of the target application scenario, and the latent heat performance is better than that of traditional fiber-based composite materials, forming an integrated insulation layer with both heat storage and heat transfer functions. When the coolant flows through the pores, the solid-solid phase change of the phase change material is triggered by forced convection and capillary action, realizing efficient heat storage or release.

[0073] Preferably, the liquid inlet 2111 is designed as a spiral guide structure with a guide vane that is tangentially 30° to the outer wall of the insulation chamber. When the coolant flows tangentially into the porous network of the heat exchange layer 2101, a vortex is formed, which enhances the turbulence effect to increase the contact area between the phase change material and the fluid, thereby improving the heat transfer efficiency.

[0074] Preferably, the auxiliary temperature-raising layer 2103 adopts a solenoid structure, and spiral guide fins are arranged on the inner wall, so that the coolant forms periodic eddy disturbance in the tube, thereby enhancing the heat penetration of the boundary layer.

[0075] Preferably, the second temperature sensor 2108 is equipped with an infrared thermal imager online monitoring system and a PID algorithm. The infrared thermal imager online monitoring system obtains the temperature field distribution data of the outer wall of the solenoid through a quartz observation window, and uses a convolutional neural network to perform early identification and positioning of hot spots; the PID algorithm can accurately control the output power of the heating wire 2104 through the temperature feedback of the second temperature sensor 2108 and the observation data of the infrared thermal imager online monitoring system.

[0076] Furthermore, when the engine is started, the first temperature sensor 2107 detects whether the temperature of the coolant reaches the first preset temperature T a If the heat storage is dissipated due to insufficient residual heat of the engine coolant in the previous stage, long-term shutdown or other reasons, the first temperature sensor 2107 detects that the coolant temperature does not reach the first preset temperature Ta The engine controller controls the opening of the transition valve 2106 passage, directs the coolant into the auxiliary heating layer 2103, and starts the heating wire 2104 to heat the coolant to the preset temperature T a , and finally discharged into the lower cylinder water jacket; if the coolant temperature reaches the first preset temperature T a , the cooling liquid is directly passed into the water jacket of the lower cylinder without turning on the heating wire.

[0077] Specifically, in this process, the first temperature sensor 2107 monitors the current temperature of the coolant and its accumulated change over time in real time, and determines the heat storage state of the phase change material based on the dual temperature preset mechanism. The dual temperature preset mechanism is specifically that when the coolant temperature no longer rises and tends to be stable, and the slope of the temperature change curve tends to be flat, it can be determined that the heat of the phase change material has been basically released.

[0078] Specifically, the process collects the temperature data of the auxiliary temperature rise layer 2103 in real time according to the infrared thermal imager online monitoring system and the PID algorithm of the second temperature sensor 2108 and performs PID parameter correction. Furthermore, the PID parameter adjustment process adopts a feedforward-feedback composite control architecture: the feedback loop uses the temperature T_actual of the coolant at the liquid outlet 2112 of the auxiliary temperature rise layer 2103 collected in real time by the second temperature sensor 2108 as the main control variable, and compares it with the preset temperature T a The amount of deviation e(t) = T a -T_actual; the feedforward channel obtains the operating parameters such as the coolant flow Q and the initial temperature T_inlet through the engine operation status bus, and constructs a dynamic compensation model based on the heat transfer differential equation. This model enables the hydrogen engine to autonomously adjust the power of the heating wire 2104 according to the deviation e(t), ensuring that the temperature of the coolant reaches the preset temperature T when it is discharged from the phase change heat storage system 21 a At the same time, the module detects the temperature field distribution data of the outer wall of the solenoid through the infrared thermal imager online monitoring system, and implements overheating protection for the auxiliary heating layer 2103 and the heating module. When an abnormal temperature area is detected, the PID automatically adjusts the current density of the corresponding winding section to form a closed-loop temperature balance control strategy to ensure that the axial temperature rise gradient does not exceed the technical indicators.

[0079] Specifically, during the process of introducing the coolant into the auxiliary temperature rising layer 2103, when the first water level gauge 2109 detects that the coolant in the heat exchange layer 2101 is completely drained, the transition valve 2106 is closed.

[0080] Specifically, when the coolant is discharged from the liquid outlet 2112, when the second water level gauge 2110 detects that the coolant in the auxiliary temperature rising layer 2103 is completely discharged, the phase change heat storage system 21 is closed.

[0081] Furthermore, when the engine receives the shutdown command, the engine enters the coolant post-processing stage. At this time, the inlet valve 2113 is opened, and the high-temperature coolant is pumped to the heat exchange layer 2101 through the four-way valve 13, and flows tangentially into the porous network of the loofah fiber-based phase change composite material of the heat exchange layer 2101 through the spiral guide-shaped liquid inlet 2111, forming a vortex to enhance the turbulent effect. When the temperature of the phase change material reaches the phase change temperature, the material undergoes a solid-solid phase change to store heat.

[0082] Furthermore, during the shutdown process, whenever the coolant temperature drops below the phase change temperature of the phase change material 2102, the phase change material undergoes phase change and releases heat, so that the coolant temperature is always maintained near the phase change temperature.

[0083] The small-circulation external cooling system includes a small-circulation external water circuit. The communication between the small-circulation external water circuit and the cylinder head water jacket 2 is controlled by the first solenoid valve 15, which is connected to the left and lower branches of the second solenoid valve 16 in sequence, and is connected to the lower layer water jacket 5 of the lower cylinder body through the four-way valve 13, and is used for the coolant circulation of the small circulation (without exhaust heat) under normal working conditions.

[0084] The large-circulation external cooling system includes a large-circulation external water circuit, a radiator 23, a fan 22 and an expansion water tank 24. The communication between the large-circulation external water circuit and the cylinder head water jacket 2 is controlled by the first solenoid valve 15, which is connected to the left and right branches of the second solenoid valve 16 and the radiator 23 in sequence, and is connected to the lower water jacket 5 of the lower cylinder body through the four-way valve 13, which is used for the coolant circulation in the large-circulation heat dissipation stage; the radiator 23 is connected to the second solenoid valve 16 and the four-way valve 13, and is used to dissipate the heat in the coolant to the external environment through heat exchange to ensure the stability of the temperature inside the engine and the device. The fan 22 is installed behind the radiator 23 to accelerate air flow and improve heat dissipation efficiency. The expansion water tank 24 is connected to the radiator 23 to adjust the pressure in the cooling system and store the coolant that expands or contracts due to temperature changes to ensure the stability of the system operation.

[0085] The water pump assembly includes a first water pump 11. The first water pump 11 is connected to the cylinder head water jacket 2 and the upper cylinder body water jacket 3, and is provided with a PID algorithm for driving the coolant to circulate between the cylinder head water jacket 2 and the upper cylinder body water jacket 3, and has a dynamic flow regulation function.

[0086] The temperature control sensor module includes a phase change heat storage system temperature sensor 28, a cylinder head and upper cylinder body temperature sensor 26, and a lower cylinder body temperature sensor 27, which are used to monitor the temperature changes of each part in real time and feed back the signal to the engine controller to accurately adjust the operating parameters of the system.

[0087] The engine controller is connected to the temperature control module controller and the heating module controller, and is used to receive an engine coolant temperature signal.

[0088] The heating device 25 is connected to the cooling system through the second solenoid valve 16, and is used to transfer the heat in the coolant to the interior of the vehicle in winter to provide a heating function. The second solenoid valve 16 adjusts the flow of coolant into the heating device 25 according to the signal of the engine controller, thereby accurately controlling the temperature inside the vehicle. A heat exchanger is arranged inside the heating device 25, and the coolant transfers heat to the air when flowing through the heat exchanger, and then the fan 22 blows the heated air into the vehicle to achieve rapid temperature rise.

[0089] The present invention also provides a rapid warm-up method for preventing emulsification of a hydrogen engine, comprising the following steps: when the engine 1 is cold started, determining whether the temperature of the coolant in the heat exchange layer of the phase change heat storage system 21 reaches a first preset temperature T a If the coolant temperature reaches the first preset temperature T a , open the transition valve 2106 passage to directly pass the coolant into the lower cylinder water jacket; if the first preset temperature T is not reached a , then open the transition valve 2106 passage and the heating module of the auxiliary heating layer to heat the coolant to the preset temperature T a , and then discharged to the lower cylinder water jacket to preheat the lower cylinder water jacket of the engine 1. When the second water level gauge 2110 detects that the coolant in the auxiliary temperature-raising layer 2103 is completely discharged, the phase change heat storage system 21 is closed;

[0090] When the cylinder head temperature T1 is greater than the second preset temperature T b , the lower cylinder water jacket temperature T3 is greater than the first preset temperature T a and is lower than the second preset temperature T b When the coolant in the lower cylinder water jacket is circulated, the coolant between the cylinder head water jacket 2 and the upper cylinder water jacket 3 is circulated;

[0091] When the temperature T3 of the lower cylinder water jacket is greater than the second preset temperature T b Circulate the coolant throughout the engine;

[0092] Further, when it is detected that the temperature of any one of the cylinder head water jacket 2, the upper cylinder body water jacket 3 and the lower cylinder body water jacket is greater than the third preset temperature T c When the cooling device is turned on, the coolant is cooled by the cooling device and then circulated in the entire water jacket;

[0093] When the engine 1 is stopped, the valves between the cylinder head water jacket 2, the upper cylinder water jacket 3 and the lower cylinder water jacket are closed, and the phase change heat storage system 21 is opened to pump the coolant in the lower cylinder water jacket into the phase change heat storage system 21 for heat preservation.

[0094] The present invention optimizes the coolant flow path, graded heating strategy and the synergistic effect of high-efficiency heat storage materials, and combines exhaust waste heat recovery technology to achieve rapid warm-up and precise heat management of hydrogen engines, significantly improves the engine cold start efficiency and operating stability, reduces the risk of oil emulsification, and provides technical support for the large-scale application of hydrogen engines and the low-carbon transformation in the transportation field.

[0095] The working principle of the present invention is described below by means of specific examples:

[0096] The present invention includes a large cycle and a small cycle, wherein the small cycle includes a rapid warm-up function, and the specific process of the small cycle can be decomposed into four stages, including a preheating stage (without water), a split cycle warm-up stage, and a normal operating small cycle (without exhaust heat). The large cycle is the heat dissipation stage, and the downtime period is the coolant post-processing stage.

[0097] When a hydrogen engine is cold started, the engine body temperature is low, the engine oil temperature is low, and the viscosity is high, resulting in reduced lubrication performance and possible wear. Therefore, it is generally necessary to warm up the engine to a certain temperature before starting to work. The specific implementation method is specifically discussed in this regard.

[0098] Engine preset temperature First preset temperature T a , the second preset temperature T b , the third preset temperature T c The three temperatures are selected in appropriate intervals according to different engine types. The temperature sensors installed in the cylinder head water jacket 2, the upper cylinder water jacket 3, and the lower cylinder water jacket receive temperature signals T1, T2, and T3 respectively, and the first temperature sensor 2107 installed in the phase change heat storage system 21 receives the temperature signal T4.

[0099] like Figure 4 As shown, the preheating stage is specifically that the engine controller determines whether T4 is greater than or equal to the first preset temperature T a , if T4 ≥ T a , the valve in the phase change heat storage system 21 is opened, and the preheated coolant flows into the lower water jacket 5 of the lower cylinder and the upper water jacket 4 of the lower cylinder through the upper and lower ports of the four-way valve 13 and the first valve 7 in sequence; if T4<T a , the heating wire is started to heat the pre-stored coolant until T4=Ta, the heating wire is turned off, and then the same steps are followed to allow the preheated coolant to flow into the lower cylinder water jacket.

[0100] It should also be noted that, since the temperature of the cylinder head water jacket 2 is not high at this time, and the lower cylinder water jacket is in a water-filled state, the heat introduced into the engine exhaust pipe 6 and the cylinder head water jacket 2 is not considered. The first valve 14 and the first solenoid valve 15 are closed, and the first heat pipe array 19 and the second heat pipe array 20 do not participate in heating the coolant in the lower cylinder water jacket.

[0101] Furthermore, when the second water level gauge 2110 in the phase change heat storage system 21 detects that the coolant is drained, this stage ends.

[0102] like Figure 5 As shown in the figure, the split cycle warm-up stage is specifically when T1>T b , T a <T3<T b , the first valve 7, the third valve 9, the fourth valve 10, the left port and the lower port of the four-way valve 13 are opened. The first water pump 11 is turned on. In this stage, only the coolant between the upper water jacket 4 of the lower cylinder body and the lower water jacket 5 of the lower cylinder body is self-circulated, and the coolant between the cylinder head water jacket 2 and the upper cylinder body water jacket 3 is circulated.

[0103] It is worth noting that in this process, the first water pump 11 controls the coolant circulation rate between the cylinder head water jacket 2 and the upper cylinder body water jacket 3 based on the real-time temperature difference between the cylinder head water jacket 2 and the upper cylinder body water jacket 3 and the cylinder head temperature change rate. If the cylinder head and upper cylinder body temperature sensor 26 detects that the temperature of the cylinder head water jacket 2 rises quickly and the temperature difference between the cylinder head water jacket 2 and the upper cylinder body water jacket 3 is large, the PID parameters of the first water pump 11 are adjusted to automatically control its power to increase, and speed up the coolant circulation rate between the cylinder head water jacket 2 and the upper cylinder body water jacket 3; on the contrary, the PID is adjusted to reduce the power of the first water pump 11, and slow down the coolant circulation rate between the cylinder head water jacket 2 and the upper cylinder body water jacket 3.

[0104] This process realizes the rapid temperature equalization, dynamic flow rate matching and overheating protection of the coolant between the cylinder head water jacket 2 and the upper cylinder water jacket 3. Specifically, this mechanism enables rapid heat transfer and balance, ensures uniform temperature distribution in the system, avoids local high temperature, and optimizes the cooling effect. At the same time, it meets the heat dissipation requirements of different engine working conditions and reduces energy consumption. Through efficient heat dissipation, key parts such as the cylinder head are prevented from deformation and damage due to overheating, thereby extending the service life of the engine.

[0105] At the same time, during this process, the PID parameters of the four-way valve 13 are adjusted based on the real-time temperature difference and the temperature change rate of the upper water jacket 4 and the lower water jacket 5 of the lower cylinder body, and the coolant circulation rate between the two is controlled by the four-way valve 13 to achieve rapid warm-up.

[0106] Furthermore, the first valve 14 is opened, and the heat in the engine exhaust gas is transferred through the first heat pipe array 19 to continue to heat the coolant in the lower cylinder water jacket. In addition, the right branch of the first solenoid valve 15 is closed, and the left branch and the lower branch are opened, so that the heat generated by the combustion chamber is introduced into the second connecting water tank 18 through the second heat pipe array 20.

[0107] Further, when the lower cylinder temperature sensor 27 detects that the lower cylinder water jacket temperature T3 reaches the second preset temperature T b , this stage ends.

[0108] During this stage, the combustion chamber and exhaust temperatures rise, and at the same time, a large amount of heat generated by hydrogen combustion is quickly transferred to the lower cylinder water jacket through the first heat pipe array 19 and the second heat pipe array 20. The multiple heat transfer mechanisms allow the cylinder temperature to rise rapidly. It is not difficult to understand that the lower cylinder temperature rises faster under the multiple heating mechanisms during the self-circulation stage, but there are certain requirements for the exhaust temperature and cylinder head temperature. Excessive introduction of exhaust temperature may have a negative impact on turbocharging, so the dual temperature condition is set to control it.

[0109] like Figure 6 As shown, the normal working condition small cycle (without exhaust heat) is specifically that the first valve 7, the second valve 8, the third valve 9, the left and right branches of the first solenoid valve 15, the left and lower branches of the second solenoid valve 16, the right port and the lower port of the four-way valve 13 are opened. At this time, the heat of the exhaust gas and the heat of the cylinder head water jacket 2 are not introduced into the lower cylinder water jacket, and the coolant circulates between the upper water jacket 4 of the lower cylinder, the lower water jacket 5 of the lower cylinder, the upper cylinder water jacket 3, and the cylinder head water jacket 2.

[0110] The specific process is to reach the second preset temperature T b After that, the coolant flows through the water jacket in the whole engine, and the four-way valve 13 drives the coolant into the lower water jacket 5 of the lower cylinder, enters the upper water jacket 4 of the lower cylinder through the first valve 7, enters the upper water jacket 3 of the upper cylinder through the second valve 8, and then enters the cylinder head water jacket 2 through the third valve 9, and passes through the left and right branches of the first solenoid valve 15 and the left and lower branches of the second solenoid valve 16 in turn to return to the four-way valve 13. The cycle continues until any cylinder temperature sensor in the engine water jacket (cylinder head and upper cylinder temperature sensor 26 and lower cylinder temperature sensor 27) detects that the temperature of the coolant reaches the third preset temperature T c , the normal operating small cycle (without exhaust heat) ends.

[0111] In this process, the engine controller integrates the overall temperature of the engine water circuit and the local temperature to correct the PID parameters of the four-way valve 13, and controls the power of the four-way valve 13 to avoid cylinder burning caused by excessive local temperature of the hydrogen engine while ensuring rapid warm-up.

[0112] It is not difficult to understand that in the normal working condition small cycle (without exhaust heat) stage, the coolant circulates in the cylinder head and the upper and lower cylinder water jackets, and the heat pipe array is not required to transfer heat. This stage is a rapid temperature equalization stage, and the coolant circulates inside the engine, and the temperature can quickly reach the normal operating temperature of the engine.

[0113] like Figure 7 As shown, the large cycle stage is specifically that the engine controller processes the temperature signal and takes the temperature T detected by any temperature sensor in the engine water jacket (cylinder head and upper cylinder temperature sensor 26 and lower cylinder temperature sensor 27) as the standard. When T> the third preset temperature T c When the first valve 7, the second valve 8, the third valve 9, the first solenoid valve 15, the left and right branches of the second solenoid valve 16, the right port and the lower port of the four-way valve 13 are opened. At this time, the coolant flows through the entire engine water jacket and is dissipated by the heat dissipation device system to prevent the engine from being damaged due to high temperature.

[0114] The specific process is that the coolant is driven by the four-way valve 13, enters the lower water jacket 5 of the lower cylinder, enters the upper water jacket 4 of the lower cylinder through the first valve 7, enters the upper water jacket 3 of the upper cylinder through the second valve 8, and then enters the cylinder head water jacket 2 through the third valve 9, and passes through the left and right branches of the first solenoid valve 15 and the left and right branches of the second solenoid valve 16 and the heat dissipation device system in turn and returns to the four-way valve 13. The cycle continues until the stop command is issued, and this stage ends.

[0115] like Figure 8 As shown, the post-processing stage is specifically as follows: when the vehicle owner issues a shutdown command, the upper and lower ports of the four-way valve 13 and the first valve 7 are opened, and the coolant in the lower cylinder water jacket is pumped into the phase change heat storage system 21 for insulation, so that the lower cylinder water jacket is in a water-free state, reducing the possibility of oil emulsification caused by cylinder water leakage and improving oil durability.

[0116] At the same time, the temperature of the coolant entering the phase change heat storage system 21 is higher than the phase change temperature of the phase change material. The phase change material absorbs heat until the temperature reaches the phase change temperature, and the bionic loofah fiber-based composite phase change material begins to absorb heat and undergo phase change to store heat.

[0117] If the vehicle owner issues a command to turn on the heating device 25, the upper branch of the second solenoid valve 16 is opened without affecting the temperature control state of the entire engine.

[0118] The hydrogen engine completes the cycle after going through a preheating stage (without water), a split cycle warm-up stage, a small cycle under normal operating conditions (without exhaust heat), a large cycle stage, and a post-processing stage, which demonstrates the practical feasibility of the device.

[0119] In the coolant post-processing stage of the present invention, after the engine is shut down, the four-way valve draws the high-temperature coolant in the lower cylinder into the phase change heat storage system for heat preservation and phase change material heat storage, so that the coolant temperature is maintained at about the phase change temperature as much as possible, providing preheating heat for the next start, and ensuring that the lower cylinder is free of coolant when it is started next time, avoiding the problem of oil emulsification caused by coolant overflow during cold start. In the engine start-up stage, the phase change heat storage system delivers high-temperature coolant to the lower cylinder water jacket in a directional manner to accelerate the warm-up process. In this process, the temperature sensor monitors the current temperature of the coolant and its accumulated change over time in real time, and judges the heat storage state of the phase change material based on the dual temperature preset mechanism. If the coolant temperature still does not reach the preset value at this time, the phase change heat storage system heating module control module is started to provide auxiliary heating to ensure that the warm-up process is completed quickly and efficiently. In the small cycle stage, through the precise control of each valve, the split cycle warm-up and the normal working condition small cycle are realized in turn, and the cylinder temperature is gradually increased to the normal working condition. During the large circulation stage, when the cylinder temperature reaches the preset value, the coolant enters the large circulation, flows through the radiator to dissipate heat and prevent the engine from overheating.

[0120] In summary, the present invention is based on a hierarchical thermal management strategy. By dynamically adjusting the coolant flow path and retention volume, the volume of coolant that needs to be heated during the warm-up phase is significantly reduced. In combination with the efficient directional heat transfer technology of the heat pipe array, the cylinder head and exhaust waste heat are quickly transferred to the cylinder block, and the upper and lower cylinder block temperatures are simultaneously increased to avoid water condensation and mixing with the engine oil due to local low temperatures. The system integrates a phase change heat storage system, which utilizes a layered insulation cavity and a loofah fiber-based composite phase change material to achieve intelligent heat storage and on-demand release, further shortening the warm-up time and reducing the possibility of oil emulsification. The present invention can solve the problem of oil emulsification caused by water condensation during cold starts and low-temperature short-distance operations.

[0121] It will be easily understood by those skilled in the art that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rapid warm-up device for preventing emulsification of a hydrogen engine, characterized in that: include: A first heat pipe array (19), a second heat pipe array (20), a phase change heat storage system (21), and a cooling water jacket arranged inside a cylinder head and a cylinder body of an engine (1); a cylinder head water jacket (2), an upper cylinder body water jacket (3), and a lower cylinder body water jacket are formed by arranging valve partitions between the cylinder head and the upper cylinder body, and between the upper cylinder body and the lower cylinder body, so as to realize temperature control of different parts in the engine (1) through a circulation path of a coolant; The first heat pipe array (19) is respectively connected to the engine exhaust pipe (6) and the lower cylinder water jacket, and is used to transfer the heat of the engine exhaust pipe (6) to the lower cylinder water jacket; The second heat pipe array (20) is connected to the cylinder head water jacket (2) and the lower cylinder body water jacket respectively, and is used to transfer the heat of the cylinder head water jacket (2) to the lower cylinder body water jacket; The phase change heat storage system (21) is connected to the lower cylinder water jacket and is used to store the heat of the coolant in the lower cylinder water jacket, and when the engine (1) is cold started, the coolant in the phase change heat storage system (21) is transported to the lower cylinder water jacket to achieve preheating of the engine (1).

2. The rapid warm-up device for preventing emulsification of a hydrogen engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first communicating water tank (17) and a second communicating water tank (18) are respectively provided between the first heat pipe array (19), the second heat pipe array (20) and the lower cylinder water jacket; The first heat pipe array (19) and the second heat pipe array (20) comprise an outer shell and a liquid wick, wherein the two ends of the outer shell are an evaporation zone and a condensation zone respectively; the evaporation zone of the first heat pipe array (19) is connected to the engine exhaust pipe (6), and the condensation zone is connected to the first connecting water tank (17); the evaporation zone of the second heat pipe array (20) is connected to the cylinder head water jacket (2), and the condensation zone is connected to the second connecting water tank (18).

3. The rapid warm-up device for preventing emulsification of a hydrogen engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The phase change heat storage system (21) comprises a heat exchange layer (2101) and an auxiliary temperature rising layer (2103); The heat exchange layer (2101) is built with a phase change material (2102) and a cooling liquid channel; The auxiliary temperature-raising layer (2103) is provided with a heating wire (2104).

4. The rapid warm-up device for preventing emulsification of a hydrogen engine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The heat exchange layer (2101) and the auxiliary temperature-raising layer (2103) are separated by a transition valve (2106), and the heat exchange layer (2101) and the external environment are separated by a high-temperature resistant ceramic partition (2105); The heat exchange layer (2101) is provided with a liquid inlet (2111), and the auxiliary temperature-raising layer (2103) is provided with a liquid outlet (2112); The heat exchange layer (2101) is provided with a first temperature sensor (2107) and a first water level gauge (2109); the auxiliary temperature rising layer (2103) is provided with a second temperature sensor (2108) and a second water level gauge (2110).

5. The rapid warm-up device for preventing emulsification of a hydrogen engine according to claim 4, characterized in that: The heat exchange layer (2101) is composed of loofah fibers loaded with phase change material, and the three-dimensional porous network structure of the loofah fibers constitutes the cooling liquid channel; The liquid inlet (2111) is a spiral flow-guiding structure, and the auxiliary temperature-raising layer (2103) adopts a solenoid structure, and spiral flow-guiding fins are arranged on the inner wall, so that the coolant forms eddy flow disturbance in the tube.

6. The rapid warm-up device for preventing emulsification of a hydrogen engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower cylinder water jacket is further divided into an upper water jacket (4) and a lower water jacket (5) of the lower cylinder through a first valve (7); a second valve (8) is provided between the upper water jacket (4) of the lower cylinder and the upper water jacket (3); a third valve (9), a fourth valve (10) and a first water pump (11) are provided between the upper water jacket (3) of the cylinder and the cylinder head water jacket (2); Temperature sensors are respectively arranged in the cylinder head water jacket (2), the upper cylinder body water jacket (3) and the lower cylinder body water jacket.

7. The rapid warm-up device for preventing emulsification of a hydrogen engine according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The rapid warm-up device also includes a heat dissipation device, which includes a radiator (23), a fan (22) and an expansion water tank (24); The radiator (23) is connected to the cylinder head water jacket (2) and the lower cylinder body water jacket respectively; the fan (22) is arranged behind the radiator (23) to accelerate the air flow; The expansion water tank (24) is connected to the radiator (23) and is used to adjust the pressure of the coolant and store the coolant that expands or contracts due to temperature changes.

8. The rapid warm-up device for preventing emulsification of a hydrogen engine according to claim 7, characterized in that: A first solenoid valve (15) is provided between the second heat pipe array (20) and the cylinder head water jacket (2), and the first solenoid valve (15) is also connected to the radiator (23) via a second solenoid valve (16); A four-way valve (13) is also provided between the phase-change heat storage system (21) and the lower cylinder water jacket, and the four ports of the four-way valve (13) are respectively connected to the phase-change heat storage system (21), the upper and lower layers of the lower cylinder water jacket, and the radiator (23); The second solenoid valve (16) is connected to the four-way valve (13) and shares a port with the radiator (23).

9. A rapid warm-up method for preventing emulsification of a hydrogen engine, characterized in that: The rapid warm-up device according to any one of claims 1 to 8 comprises the following steps: When the engine (1) is cold started, the coolant in the phase change heat storage system (21) is transported to the lower cylinder water jacket to preheat the lower cylinder water jacket of the engine (1); when the coolant is completely discharged, the phase change heat storage system (21) is closed; When the cylinder head temperature T1 is greater than the second preset temperature T b , the lower cylinder water jacket temperature T3 is greater than the first preset temperature T a and is less than the second preset temperature T b When the cooling liquid in the lower cylinder water jacket is turned on, the cooling liquid is self-circulated, and the cooling liquid between the cylinder head water jacket (2) and the upper cylinder water jacket (3) is circulated; When the temperature T3 of the lower cylinder water jacket is greater than the second preset temperature T b When the cooling fluid is turned on, it circulates in the entire engine (1).

10. The rapid warm-up method for preventing emulsification of a hydrogen engine according to claim 9, characterized in that: When the engine (1) is cold started, it is determined whether the temperature of the coolant in the heat exchange layer of the phase change heat storage system (21) reaches a first preset temperature T a , if the coolant temperature reaches the first preset temperature T a , open the transition valve (2106) passage to directly pass the coolant into the lower cylinder water jacket; if the first preset temperature T is not reached a , the transition valve (2106) passage and the heating module of the auxiliary heating layer (2103) are opened to heat the coolant to a preset temperature T a , and then discharged to the lower cylinder water jacket to preheat the lower cylinder water jacket of the engine (1); when the second water level gauge (2110) detects that the coolant in the auxiliary temperature-raising layer (2103) is completely discharged, the phase change heat storage system (21) is closed; When it is detected that the temperature of any one of the cylinder head water jacket (2), the upper cylinder body water jacket (3) and the lower cylinder body water jacket is greater than the third preset temperature T c When the heat dissipation device is turned on, the large circulation mode is adopted; When the engine (1) is stopped, the valves between the cylinder head water jacket (2), the upper cylinder water jacket (3) and the lower cylinder water jacket are closed, and the four-way valve (13) is opened to pump the coolant in the lower cylinder water jacket into the phase change heat storage system (21) for heat preservation.

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