Bearing pre-tightening device
By using pre-tensioning devices of outer ring steps, inner ring steps, snap rings, elastic components and locking bodies in the bearing, the problem of lack of precise pre-tension control in traditional bearing installation methods is solved, and the bearing is stable concentric rotation and efficient operation under complex working conditions is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510387191.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-31
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-09
- Estimated Expiration
- Not applicable · inactive patent
AI Technical Summary
The traditional bearing installation method lacks accurate preload control, resulting in axial twitching, uneven load distribution, vibration and noise problems such as bearings are prone to high-speed rotation, heavy load impact and high-precision requirements.
The bearing pretension device including the outer ring step, the inner ring step, the snap ring, the elastic assembly and the locking body is adopted. Through the coordinated radial support of the multi-guiding shaft, the stable pretension force and the axial overlapping parts, the bearing is ensured to be concentric and stable operation under complex stresses.
The concentric rotation of the bearing under complex working conditions is achieved, vibration and noise are reduced, bearing service life is extended, operation and maintenance costs are reduced, and transmission efficiency is improved.
Smart Images
Figure CN119957616A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of bearings, and in particular to a bearing preload device. Background Art
[0002] In many mechanical transmission systems, bearings are key supporting components, and their performance directly affects the operating stability, precision and life of the entire system. Traditional bearing installation methods are often relatively simple, only setting the bearing sleeve on the rotating shaft and relying on the shaft shoulder or nut for preliminary fixation, lacking precise preload control. This simple installation is prone to the following problems when facing high-speed rotation, heavy load impact and high-precision requirements:
[0003] 1. The bearing is prone to axial movement during operation. Due to the lack of a reliable axial limit structure, the bearing will move back and forth axially during frequent starts and stops, speed changes, or when subjected to external axial forces. This not only destroys the transmission accuracy, but also aggravates the internal wear of the bearing and shortens its service life.
[0004] Second, the lack of effective pre-tightening means means that the rolling elements and raceways of the bearing cannot always maintain the best contact state. When subjected to radial loads, local deformation is prone to occur, resulting in uneven load distribution, further causing vibration and noise, and reducing the smoothness of system operation.
[0005] 3. The radial support stability of traditional bearings after installation is limited. It is difficult to ensure the concentric rotation of the bearing around the axis under complex force conditions. Eccentricity is prone to occur, affecting the coordinated operation of the entire mechanical system. Summary of the invention
[0006] In view of the above-mentioned technical deficiencies, an object of the present invention is to provide a bearing preload device that can provide axial and radial support functions.
[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: The present invention provides a bearing preload device, comprising an outer ring step arranged on a rotating shaft and an inner ring step arranged inside a shaft hole, and further comprising:
[0008] A snap ring, the snap ring is adapted to a larger diameter of a ring surface on the inner ring step, and in an assembled state, the snap ring and the inner ring step are tightly fitted;
[0009] An elastic component, wherein the elastic component is installed between the shaft hole and the retaining ring;
[0010] A locking body, the locking body is fixed to the end of the rotating shaft, and the locking body is pressed against the bearing;
[0011] Wherein, a guide shaft is fixed on the clamping ring, and a sliding hole adapted to the guide shaft is provided on the bearing, and the guide shaft can slide inside the sliding hole.
[0012] Preferably, the elastic component comprises a plurality of disc-shaped spring pieces, the plurality of disc-shaped spring pieces are connected in sequence, the disc-shaped spring pieces are provided with guide holes, and the guide shaft passes through the guide holes.
[0013] Preferably, the bearing comprises an outer ring body and an inner ring body, the inner side of the outer ring body and the outer side of the inner ring body are both provided with rolling grooves, a plurality of balls are rollingly mounted in the rolling grooves, and the sliding holes are opened on the side wall of the outer ring body.
[0014] Preferably, the outer ring body and the inner ring body are provided with overlapping portions along the axial direction of the bearing.
[0015] Preferably, a first annular groove and a second annular groove are provided on both sides of the bearing between the outer ring body and the inner ring body, and the first annular groove and the second annular groove are staggered with each other.
[0016] Preferably, there are multiple guide shafts, and the multiple guide shafts are evenly fixed on the retaining ring along the axis of the bearing, and the number of guide holes and sliding holes is the same as and corresponds to the number of guide shafts.
[0017] Preferably, the rotating shaft is provided with threads, and the locking body and the rotating shaft are connected via threads.
[0018] Preferably, the locking body includes a retaining ring, the retaining ring is pressed against the inner ring body, and a gap is left between the retaining ring and the rotating shaft.
[0019] Preferably, when the inner ring body is sleeved on the rotating shaft, the inner ring body is pressed against the outer ring step.
[0020] Preferably, the diameter of the guide shaft is smaller than the diameter of the guide hole.
[0021] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
[0022] The coordinated radial support of multiple guide shafts ensures the concentricity of the bearing under complex forces, makes the equipment run smoothly, reduces vibration transmission, and creates a low-noise and stable operating environment for precision instruments.
[0023] The stable preload allows the rolling elements and raceways of the bearing to carry loads evenly, reduces local contact stress, slows down wear, and combines with the protective ring groove to block impurities, significantly extending the service life of the bearing, reducing the number of equipment shutdowns for component replacements, and reducing operation and maintenance costs.
[0024] The axial overlap and stable locking structure enhance the bearing's ability to resist axial impact, adapt to heavy loads and frequent start-stop conditions, and ensure the reliable operation of the mechanical system in harsh environments.
[0025] The ball rolling friction replaces the traditional sliding friction, reduces energy loss and improves transmission efficiency. The disc-shaped spring-type elastic component is compact and has excellent elasticity, achieving a powerful pre-tightening function in a limited space and optimizing the overall structural layout of the device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0026] Figure 1 This is an internal diagram of the preload device.
[0027] Figure 2 A structural diagram of the bearing from one perspective.
[0028] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the bearing from another perspective.
[0029] Figure 4 This is the connection diagram of the inner ring and the ball.
[0030] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the inner ring.
[0031] Figure 6 This is the connection diagram of the snap ring and the bearing.
[0032] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of multiple disc-shaped shrapnel.
[0033] Figure 8 This is the bearing installation status diagram.
[0034] Fig. 9 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of point A in .
[0035] In the figure: 1, shaft hole, 101, inner ring step, 2, rotating shaft, 201, outer ring step, 3, retaining ring, 4, disc-shaped spring piece, 401, guide hole, 5, guide shaft, 6, bearing, 61, outer ring body, 62, inner ring body, 63, ball, 64, first ring groove, 65, second ring groove, 7, locking body. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0036] The present invention is described below with specific embodiments, but they are not intended to be limiting of the invention.
[0037] Embodiment 1
[0038] like Figure 1-Figure 9As shown, in this embodiment, a bearing 6 preload device is provided, including an outer ring step 201 arranged on the rotating shaft 2 and an inner ring step 101 arranged inside the shaft hole 1. The outer ring step 201 is a structural part on the rotating shaft 2 and is closely connected to the rotating shaft 2 to provide support and positioning reference for subsequently installed components; the inner ring step 101 is located inside the shaft hole 1 and cooperates with the outer ring step 201 to construct the bearing 6 system from both inside and outside directions, limit the installation space of the bearing 6, and enable the bearing 6 to be accurately positioned. It also includes a retaining ring 3, an elastic component and a locking body 7.
[0039] The snap ring 3 is adapted to the diameter of a larger ring surface on the inner ring step 101. In the assembled state, the snap ring 3 and the inner ring step 101 fit tightly. The snap ring 3 is matched in size according to the specific larger diameter ring surface on the inner ring step 101. During installation, the snap ring 3 fits tightly to the ring surface, and uses friction and mechanical blocking to axially limit the inner ring step 101 to prevent it from unnecessary displacement in the axial direction. Ensure that the position of the inner ring step 101 is fixed during the working process, thereby ensuring the relative position stability of the bearing 6, elastic components and other components associated with the inner ring step 101, and maintaining the normal operation of the device.
[0040] The elastic component is installed between the shaft hole 1 and the snap ring 3. The elastic component is placed in the space defined by the shaft hole 1 and the snap ring 3. After the device is assembled, the elastic component is in a certain compression state, relying on its own elastic force to generate an outward thrust, acting on the structural surface corresponding to the snap ring 3 and the shaft hole 1. On the one hand, it provides a continuous and stable preload force for the bearing 6, so that the rolling element of the bearing 6 maintains good contact with the raceway, enhances the rigidity of the bearing 6, and improves the rotation accuracy; on the other hand, it can buffer the impact and vibration of the device during operation, protect the bearing 6 and other components, and extend the service life of the device.
[0041] The locking body 7 is fixed to the end of the rotating shaft 2, and the locking body 7 is pressed against the bearing 6. The locking body 7 is fixed to the end of the shaft by threaded connection. After being installed in place, it tightly presses the bearing 6, compresses the bearing 6 in the axial direction, and cooperates with the preload force of the elastic component to further fix the position of the bearing 6. Strengthen the installation stability of the bearing 6 on the rotating shaft 2, prevent the bearing 6 from being displaced when rotating at high speed and bearing large radial or axial loads, ensure the reliability of the entire transmission system, and reduce the risk of failure caused by loose bearing 6. A thread is provided on the rotating shaft 2, and the locking body 7 and the rotating shaft 2 are connected by a thread. The self-locking property of the thread is utilized to screw the locking body 7 onto the end of the shaft. As the thread is screwed in, the locking body 7 gradually presses the bearing 6, and the pressing force is accurately adjusted. The installation is convenient and the pre-tightening degree can be fine-tuned as required, providing a reliable axial fixing method, facilitating assembly and debugging, and the pre-tightening force of the bearing 6 can be flexibly changed according to actual needs to adapt to different working conditions; ensuring that the locking body 7 is firmly connected to the rotating shaft 2 to avoid loosening under long-term operation and high-load conditions, and maintaining the bearing 6 in a stable pre-tightening state.
[0042] Among them, a guide shaft 5 is fixed on the snap ring 3, and a sliding hole adapted to the guide shaft 5 is provided on the bearing 6. The guide shaft 5 can slide inside the sliding hole. During the operation of the bearing 6, the guide shaft 5 slides along the path defined by the sliding hole, provides radial support and guidance for the bearing 6, limits the freedom of the bearing 6 in other directions except normal rotation, ensures the concentricity of the bearing 6 during rotation, avoids eccentricity, and makes the load evenly distributed on the rolling elements of the bearing 6, reduces local wear, and also helps to maintain the structural stability of the entire preload device. There are multiple guide shafts 5, and multiple guide shafts 5 are evenly fixed on the snap ring 3 along the axis of the bearing 6. The number of guide holes 401 and sliding holes is the same as and corresponds to the number of guide shafts 5. When the bearing 6 is running, its radial displacement is fully limited to ensure that the bearing 6 rotates smoothly around the axis; the guide holes 401 correspond to the sliding holes one by one, ensuring that each guide shaft 5 can cooperate accurately and work together to evenly disperse the force. The rotation stability of the bearing 6 is enhanced, and compared with a single or a small number of guide shafts 5, it can better cope with complex stress conditions and prevent the bearing 6 from being deflected due to uneven local stress.
[0043] Embodiment 2
[0044] like Figure 1-Figure 9 As shown, based on the first embodiment, this embodiment provides axial support for the bearing 6, specifically as follows:
[0045] The elastic component includes a plurality of disc-shaped spring pieces 4, which are connected in sequence. A guide hole 401 is provided on the disc-shaped spring piece 4, and a guide shaft 5 passes through the guide hole 401. The disc-shaped spring piece 4 itself has elastic deformation capability, and can generate a stable and large elastic force when subjected to axial compression. The setting of the guide hole 401 allows the guide shaft 5 to pass through it, which not only constrains the radial displacement of the disc-shaped spring piece 4, ensuring that it is orderly arranged and compressed in the axial direction, but also can transmit part of the force with the help of the guide shaft 5, so that the elastic component works in coordination with the clamp ring 3 and the bearing 6. The disc-shaped spring piece 4 has a compact structure and excellent elastic characteristics. Compared with some traditional elastic elements, it can provide sufficient preload in a smaller space; the guide hole 401 cooperates with the guide shaft 5 to further optimize the force distribution of the elastic component, and prevent the spring piece from being skewed, twisted, or other unstable states during operation.
[0046] The bearing 6 comprises an outer ring body 61 and an inner ring body 62. The inner side of the outer ring body 61 and the outer side of the inner ring body 62 are both provided with rolling grooves. A plurality of balls 63 are rollingly installed in the rolling grooves. The sliding holes are provided on the side wall of the outer ring body 61. The outer ring body 61 and the inner ring body 62 accommodate the balls 63 through the rolling grooves, forming rolling friction. When the rotating shaft 2 rotates, the inner ring body 62 rotates synchronously with the shaft, and the balls 63 roll in the rolling grooves, converting the relative sliding friction between the inner ring body 62 and the outer ring body 61 into rolling friction, greatly reducing the friction force. The sliding holes are provided in the outer ring body 61 to facilitate the cooperation with the guide shaft 5 on the snap ring 3, realizing the guiding function without interfering with the normal rolling operation of the balls 63 inside the bearing 6. The rolling friction significantly reduces energy loss, improves the transmission efficiency of the device, reduces heat generation, and is conducive to long-term stable operation.
[0047] The outer ring body 61 and the inner ring body 62 are provided with overlapping parts along the axial direction of the bearing 6, such as Fig. 9 The selected part of the square frame a is the overlapped part. The overlapped part of the outer ring body 61 and the inner ring body 62 increases the contact area and connection strength of the two in the axial direction. When subjected to axial force, the overlapped area can disperse the force more evenly, and through mutual extrusion and friction, cooperate to resist external force, and prevent the outer ring body 61 and the inner ring body 62 from being dislocated and separated in the axial direction. The overall axial load-bearing capacity of the bearing 6 is improved, the structural stability of the bearing 6 is ensured, and the structural integrity of the bearing 6 is prevented from being damaged by the axial force.
[0048] The first annular groove 64 and the second annular groove 65 are arranged between the outer ring body 61 and the inner ring body 62 on both sides of the bearing 6. The first annular groove 64 and the second annular groove 65 are arranged in a staggered manner. The first annular groove 64 and the second annular groove 65 are respectively located at different positions on both sides of the bearing 6. During the operation of the device, if foreign matter such as impurities and dust enters, the annular groove can play a role of accommodating and collecting, so as to prevent foreign matter from directly entering the ball 63 raceway and causing wear and jamming; the staggered arrangement makes it difficult for foreign matter to directly penetrate between the annular grooves, thereby enhancing the protective effect. It effectively protects the internal rolling parts of the bearing 6, reduces the interference of external pollutants on the operation of the bearing 6, reduces maintenance costs, and prolongs the service life of the bearing 6.
[0049] Embodiment 3
[0050] like Figure 1-Figure 9 As shown, based on the first and second embodiments, this embodiment provides a circumferential locking device for the bearing 6, which is as follows:
[0051] The locking body 7 includes a push ring, which presses against the inner ring body 62, and a gap is left between the push ring and the rotating shaft 2. The push ring is the part of the locking body 7 that directly contacts the inner ring body 62, and directly transmits the clamping force of the locking body 7 to the inner ring body 62, so that it fits tightly against the rotating shaft 2 and related components. The gap setting avoids friction and collision between the push ring and the rotating shaft 2 due to tiny displacements, vibrations and other factors during operation, ensures that each component moves independently without interference, accurately transmits the preload force, ensures that the position of the inner ring body 62 is fixed, and optimizes the force on the bearing 6.
[0052] When the inner ring body 62 is sleeved on the rotating shaft 2, the inner ring body 62 presses against the outer ring step 201, thereby strengthening the axial positioning of the bearing 6. Combined with the synergistic effect of multiple components, a stable axial constraint system is formed to ensure that the bearing 6 does not move axially under complex working conditions, maintain the precise pre-tightening state of the pre-tightening device, and ensure transmission accuracy and system reliability.
[0053] The diameter of the guide shaft 5 is smaller than the diameter of the guide hole 401, and the guide shaft 5 and the guide hole 401 are clearance-fitted. On the premise of ensuring that the guide shaft 5 can effectively restrain the radial displacement of the bearing 6, the guide shaft 5 is allowed to have a certain radial activity space in the guide hole 401 to adapt to the slight thermal expansion, manufacturing tolerance and stress deformation of the bearing 6 during operation.
[0054] This prevents the guide shaft 5 and the guide hole 401 from getting stuck or worn during operation due to interference fit, thereby ensuring that the device operates smoothly under different working conditions.
[0055] Working principle:
[0056] The disc-shaped spring piece 4 of the elastic component is compressed during the installation process to store elastic potential energy. The guide shaft 5 passes through the guide hole 401 of the disc-shaped spring piece 4, restricting the radial displacement of the spring piece and making it orderly arranged. At the same time, the elastic force is reasonably distributed to the associated parts of the clamping ring 3 and the bearing 6 with the help of the guide shaft 5. The locking body 7 is screwed in with the help of the thread on the rotating shaft 2, and the collar is accurately pressed on the inner ring body 62, coupled with the preload force of the elastic component, strengthening the axial fixation of the bearing 6 and preventing displacement during operation.
[0057] When the bearing 6 is running, the outer ring body 61 and the inner ring body 62 achieve low friction rolling through the balls 63 in the rolling grooves. The multiple guide shafts 5 on the snap ring 3 are evenly distributed along the axis of the bearing 6, and cooperate with the sliding holes on the side walls of the outer ring body 61 to provide radial support and guidance for the bearing 6 in real time. The guide shaft 5 slides in the path defined by the sliding hole to correct the possible radial deviation of the bearing 6, ensure concentric rotation, and evenly distribute the load to each ball 63.
[0058] The elastic component continuously outputs elastic force to offset part of the working load, maintain the rigidity of the bearing 6, and buffer vibration impact. The disc-shaped spring 4 dynamically adjusts its deformation according to the force, stabilizes the preload, and ensures that the rolling element of the bearing 6 is in close and continuous contact with the raceway.
[0059] When the axially overlapping portion of the outer ring body 61 and the inner ring body 62 is subjected to axial force, the external force is evenly dispersed to prevent the two from being misaligned and separated, thereby resisting heavy load impact.
[0060] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate rather than limit the technical solutions of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention can still be modified or replaced by equivalents. Any modification or partial replacement that does not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims
1. A bearing (6) preload device, comprising an outer ring step (201) arranged on a rotating shaft (2) and an inner ring step (101) arranged inside a shaft hole (1), characterized in that: Also includes: A snap ring (3), wherein the snap ring (3) is adapted to a larger diameter of a ring surface on the inner ring step (101), and in an assembled state, the snap ring (3) and the inner ring step (101) are tightly fitted; An elastic component, wherein the elastic component is installed between the shaft hole (1) and the clamping ring (3); A locking body (7), wherein the locking body (7) is fixed to the end of the rotating shaft (2), and the locking body (7) is pressed against the bearing (6); The guide shaft (5) is fixed on the clamping ring (3), and the bearing (6) is provided with a sliding hole adapted to the guide shaft (5), and the guide shaft (5) can slide inside the sliding hole.
2. A bearing (6) preload device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic component comprises a plurality of disc-shaped spring sheets (4), the plurality of disc-shaped spring sheets (4) are connected in sequence, a guide hole (401) is provided on the disc-shaped spring sheets (4), and the guide shaft (5) passes through the guide hole (401).
3. A bearing (6) preload device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bearing (6) comprises an outer ring body (61) and an inner ring body (62), the inner side of the outer ring body (61) and the outer side of the inner ring body (62) are both provided with rolling grooves, a plurality of balls (63) are rollingly mounted in the rolling grooves, and the sliding hole is provided on the side wall of the outer ring body (61).
4. A bearing (6) preload device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The outer ring body (61) and the inner ring body (62) are provided with overlapping portions along the axial direction of the bearing (6).
5. A bearing (6) preload device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A first annular groove (64) and a second annular groove (65) are provided on both sides of the bearing (6) between the outer ring body (61) and the inner ring body (62), and the first annular groove (64) and the second annular groove (65) are arranged in a staggered manner.
6. A bearing (6) preload device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the guide shafts (5) is multiple, and the multiple guide shafts (5) are evenly fixed on the clamping ring (3) along the axis of the bearing (6), and the number of the guide holes (401) and the sliding holes is the same as and corresponds to the number of the guide shafts (5).
7. A bearing (6) preload device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shaft is provided with threads, and the locking body (7) and the rotating shaft (2) are connected via the threads.
8. A bearing (6) preload device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The locking body (7) comprises a retaining ring, which is pressed against the inner ring body (62), and a gap is left between the retaining ring and the rotating shaft (2).
9. A bearing (6) preload device according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the inner ring body (62) is sleeved on the rotating shaft (2), the inner ring body (62) is pressed against the outer ring step (201).
10. A bearing (6) preload device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The diameter of the guide shaft (5) is smaller than the diameter of the guide hole (401).