A gas turbine combustor structure suitable for ammonia fuel flameless combustion

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of gas turbines, in particular to a gas turbine combustion chamber structure suitable for ammonia fuel flameless combustion, comprising an outer casing, a rotor shaft heat shield movably connected to the middle part of the inner side wall of the outer casing, an inner casing movably connected to the outer arc surface of the rotor shaft heat shield, and a barrel combustion chamber arranged between the inner casing and the outer casing; when ammonia fuel enters the large-diameter end of the conical cover ring, the ammonia fuel flow rate is relatively slow due to the large cross-sectional area, and there is more sufficient time for diffusion and mixing with the surrounding air; as the channel gradually narrows, the ammonia fuel flow rate increases, and the interaction between the ammonia fuel and the air becomes more intense; the change in flow rate enables the ammonia fuel and the air to be fully mixed at different stages; at a slow flow rate stage, the two slowly intermingle through molecular diffusion; after the flow rate increases, strong convection and shear action promote the ammonia gas and the air to be more deeply mixed, further improving the uniformity of the mixed gas.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of gas turbines, and in particular relates to a gas turbine combustion chamber structure suitable for ammonia fuel flameless combustion. BACKGROUND

[0002] The world is facing a serious climate change problem, and achieving carbon neutrality has become an important goal for countries. Traditional gas turbines mainly use natural gas and other hydrocarbon fuels, and combustion will emit a large amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. Ammonia, as a zero-carbon fuel, will only produce nitrogen and water under ideal conditions, and its application in gas turbines can significantly reduce carbon emissions and help promote the transformation of the energy sector to low-carbon and zero-carbon.

[0003] Over-reliance on traditional fossil fuels can pose risks to energy supply, such as resource shortages, price fluctuations, etc. The introduction of ammonia combustion technology can diversify the energy structure, reduce dependence on traditional fossil fuels, and improve the safety and stability of the energy system.

[0004] Renewable energy sources such as wind and solar energy have the characteristics of intermittency and instability. Ammonia can be synthesized by electrochemical methods using renewable energy, becoming an excellent energy storage medium for renewable energy. Using ammonia for gas turbine combustion can achieve efficient storage and flexible use of renewable energy, solving the limitations of renewable energy in energy supply.

[0005] The uniformity of ammonia fuel and air mixture is crucial for the stability and efficiency of flameless combustion. Due to the differences in physical and chemical properties between ammonia and traditional fuels, it may be difficult to achieve good mixing of ammonia and air in existing combustion chamber structures, resulting in some ammonia not being fully reacted before being discharged from the combustion chamber. Uneven mixing can lead to local fuel concentration being too high or too low, causing combustion instability, hot spot formation, and other problems, affecting the normal operation of the combustion chamber and the service life of the components.

[0006] Therefore, the present application provides a gas turbine combustion chamber structure suitable for ammonia fuel flameless combustion. SUMMARY

[0007] In order to make up for the shortcomings of the prior art and solve at least one technical problem raised in the background art.

[0008] The technical scheme adopted by the present application to solve its technical problems is: a kind of combustion chamber structure suitable for ammonia fuel flameless combustion of gas turbine of the present application, including outer casing, the middle part of the inner side wall of the outer casing is movably connected with rotor shaft heat shield, the outer cam surface of the rotor shaft heat shield is movably connected with inner casing, fire tube combustion chamber is arranged between the inner casing and the outer casing, the outer surface of the side of the outer casing away from the rotor shaft heat shield is fixedly installed with contact ring cover, the middle part of the inner side wall of the contact ring cover is movably connected with impeller by rotating shaft, the impeller is correspondingly penetrated with the side through hole of the outer casing, the inner cam surface of the contact ring cover is equipped with Venturi effect end face, the outer cam surface top of the Venturi effect end face is fixedly installed with retainer, the outer cam surface of the side of the retainer is equipped with stepped end, the outer cam surface of the stepped end is equipped with screw thread, the outer cam surface of the retainer close to the Venturi effect end face is of elastic structure, the inner cam surface end point of the retainer is abutted on the outer cam surface of the Venturi effect end face, the inner cam surface top end of the retainer is attached on the side surface of the contact ring cover, and the outer cam surface of the stepped end is connected with air cylinder by screw thread.

[0009] The outer cam surface side edge of the air cylinder is equipped with air cylinder accessory, the inner cam surface middle section of the air cylinder is equipped with expansion part, and the top of the side surface of the expansion part is abutted on the inner side wall of the retainer under the connection of screw thread.

[0010] The retainer is clamped and connected by the contact ring cover and the expansion part of the top, the expansion part is of tapered structure, and the inner cam surface of the expansion part is connected with tapered cover ring.

[0011] The outer cam surface of the tapered cover ring is provided with a shrink ring, the outer cam surface of the tapered cover ring is provided with an air inlet and an ammonia gas inlet, and the side surface front end of the tapered cover ring is provided with a protruding part.

[0012] The outer cam surface of the protruding part is connected to the inside of the Venturi effect end face, the outer cam surface top of the tapered cover ring is provided with a preheating cavity, and the preheating cavity penetrates to the outside of the air cylinder.

[0013] The inner cam surface bottom of the air cylinder is equipped with actuating end cover, the inner cam surface side of the actuating end cover is equipped with accommodating groove, and the side close to the accommodating groove of the actuating end cover is equipped with bearing end.

[0014] The side surface of the actuating end cover is provided with air inlet hole, the inner cam surface of the accommodating groove is movably clamped with gas bag, and the outer cam surface of the gas bag is connected with air inlet hole.

[0015] The surface of the bearing end is movably lapped with gas push cover plate, the lower surface of the gas push cover plate is movably clamped with temperature regulating device, and the lower surface of the gas push cover plate is fixedly installed with spring.

[0016] One end of the spring is fixedly installed on the surface of the bearing end, the bottom end of the temperature regulating device penetrates into the accommodating groove and is attached to the surface of the gas pocket, and the air pushing cover plate is matched with the inner arc surface of the conical cover ring.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present application are as follows:

[0018] 1. By the air cylinder and the conical cover ring, when the ammonia fuel enters the large-diameter end of the conical cover ring, due to the large cross-sectional area, the ammonia fuel flow rate is relatively slow, and there is more time for diffusion and mixing with the surrounding air. As the channel gradually narrows, the ammonia fuel flow rate increases, and its interaction with the air becomes more intense. This change in flow rate enables the ammonia fuel and air to be fully mixed at different stages. At a slow flow rate, the two slowly intermingle through molecular diffusion. When the flow rate increases, strong convection and shear action promote the mixing of ammonia gas and air, further improving the uniformity of the mixed gas.

[0019] 2. By the air cylinder, gas pocket, and air pushing cover plate, as the gas pocket continuously expands, the strong thrust generated gradually acts on the air pushing cover plate at the top. When the pushing cover plate moves upward, the shear action on the gas causes the ammonia gas and air molecules inside to further strongly rub against each other and redistribute during the pushing process. This dynamic mixing intensification process further improves the uniformity of the mixed gas, ensuring that the mixing ratio of ammonia gas and air remains optimal when entering the conical cover ring. When the conical cover ring receives the rapidly flowing mixed gas, the conical structure can effectively straighten and accelerate the gas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] The present application will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings.

[0021] Figure 1 is the overall perspective view of the combustion chamber combined with the air cylinder of the present application;

[0022] Figure 2 is the internal structure display diagram of the air cylinder cross section of the present application;

[0023] Figure 3 is the sectional view of the retainer and the air cylinder in the present application;

[0024] Figure 4 is the structure schematic diagram of the conical cover ring in the present application;

[0025] Figure 5 is the disassembly structure schematic diagram of the actuating end cover in the present application;

[0026] Figure 6 is the structure schematic diagram of the gas pocket in the present application.

[0027] In the figure: 1, outer casing; 101, shaft heat shield; 102, inner casing; 103, barrel combustion chamber; 2, contact ring cover; 201, impeller; 202, venturi end face; 3, retainer; 301, stepped end; 4, air cylinder; 401, air cylinder accessories; 402, expansion; 5, conical cover ring; 501, shrink ring; 502, air inlet; 503, ammonia gas inlet; 504, protrusion; 505, preheating cavity opening; 6, actuating end cover; 601, accommodating groove; 602, bearing end; 603, air inlet hole; 7, gas bag; 8, air push cover plate; 9, spring; 10, thermostat. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In order to make the technical means, creative features, purposes and effects realized by the present application easy to understand, the present application is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0029] As Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the embodiment of the present application comprises an outer casing 1, a rotor shaft heat shield 101 movably connected to the middle of the inner side wall of the outer casing 1, an inner casing 102 movably connected to the outer arc surface of the rotor shaft heat shield 101, a barrel combustion chamber 103 provided between the inner casing 102 and the outer casing 1, a contact ring cover 2 fixedly installed on the outer surface of the side of the outer casing 1 away from the rotor shaft heat shield 101, an impeller 201 movably connected to the middle of the inner side wall of the contact ring cover 2 through a rotating shaft, the impeller 201 corresponding to the through hole of one side of the outer casing 1, a Venturi effect end face 202 provided on one side of the inner arc surface of the contact ring cover 2, a retainer 3 fixedly installed on the top of the outer arc surface of the Venturi effect end face 202, a stepped end 301 provided on one side of the outer arc surface of the retainer 3, a thread provided on the outer arc surface of the stepped end 301, the outer arc surface of the retainer 3 close to the Venturi effect end face 202 being an elastic structure, the inner arc surface end point of the retainer 3 abutting on the outer arc surface of the Venturi effect end face 202, the inner arc surface top end of the retainer 3 being attached to the surface of one side of the contact ring cover 2, the outer arc surface of the stepped end 301 being threadedly connected with an air cylinder 4, an air cylinder accessory 401 provided at the edge of one side of the outer arc surface of the air cylinder 4, an expansion part 402 provided in the middle of the inner arc surface of the air cylinder 4, the top of the surface of one side of the expansion part 402 abutting on the inner side wall of the retainer 3 under the connection of the thread, the retainer 3 being clamped and connected with the expansion part 402 through the top contact ring cover 2, the expansion part 402 being a tapered structure, a tapered cover ring 5 penetratingly connected in the middle of the inner arc surface of the expansion part 402, a shrink ring 501 provided on the outer arc surface of the tapered cover ring 5, an air inlet 502 and an ammonia gas inlet 503 being provided on the outer arc surface of the tapered cover ring 5, a protruding part 504 provided on the surface of one side of the tapered cover ring 5, the outer arc surface of the protruding part 504 penetratingly connected to the inside of the Venturi effect end face 202, a preheating cavity 505 provided on the top of the outer arc surface of the tapered cover ring 5, the preheating cavity 505 penetrating to the outside of the air cylinder 4.

[0030] The inner casing 102 is opposite to the outer casing 1, defining the space range in the combustion chamber, especially cooperating with the barrel combustion chamber 103, providing a relatively closed space for the combustion of ammonia fuel, being able to withstand the high temperature and pressure generated in the combustion process, ensuring the combustion in a specific area, the hole provided on the outer arc surface of the inner casing 102 makes the air enter the barrel combustion chamber 103 at a specific angle and speed, realizing good mixing with the sprayed ammonia fuel, creating favorable conditions for flameless combustion, the barrel combustion chamber 103 is the core area of the ammonia fuel for flameless combustion, the ammonia fuel and the air mixed properly in this chamber have a violent chemical reaction, releasing a large amount of heat energy.

[0031] When the ammonia fuel is introduced into the air cylinder 4 before entering the barrel combustion chamber 103, the ammonia fuel will be suspended at the top of the air cylinder 4 due to its lower density than air after entering. The air and ammonia gas mix spontaneously between the non-contacting conical cover rings 5. The air and ammonia gas mix continuously, filling the inside of the air cylinder 4. At the same time, the ammonia gas nozzle pipe is correspondingly arranged in the ammonia gas inlet 503, and the top preheating chamber port 505 is installed with an electric heating guide piece. Under the preheating of temperature, the activity of ammonia gas is improved. Since the ignition temperature of ammonia gas is high, preheating can effectively reduce the energy threshold required for ignition, laying a foundation for efficient and stable combustion in the barrel combustion chamber 103.

[0032] As the mixed gas continuously accumulates in the air cylinder 4, the pressure gradually rises, prompting the mixed gas to flow orderly to one side through the air inlet of the conical cover ring 5. The structure of the conical cover ring 5, which is large in front and small in back, guides the mixed gas to enter the subsequent channel at a specific flow rate and direction. In this process, the rotation of the impeller 201 will guide the flow of the mixed gas, further optimizing the flow state of the mixed gas and making the contact between ammonia gas and air more intimate, continuously improving the uniformity of the mixture. In order to further strengthen the mixing effect, an expansion part 402 is arranged inside the air cylinder 4. The expansion part 402 has a tapered structure. When the ammonia fuel flows through, it gradually changes from a large-diameter contact surface to a small-diameter contact surface. When the ammonia fuel enters the large-diameter end of the expansion part 402, due to the large cross-sectional area, the flow rate of the ammonia fuel is relatively slow, and there is more time for diffusion and mixing with the surrounding air. As the channel gradually narrows, the flow rate of the ammonia fuel increases, and its interaction with the air becomes more intense. This change in flow rate allows the ammonia fuel and air to mix thoroughly at different stages. At a slow flow rate, the two slowly intermingle through molecular diffusion. After the flow rate increases, strong convection and shear action promote deeper mixing of ammonia gas and air, further improving the uniformity of the mixed gas.

[0033] Furthermore, the inner wall of the expansion part 402 is not a smooth surface, but is sleeved with a conical cover ring 5. The structure of the conical cover ring 5 is the same as that of the expansion part 402, which again interacts with the ammonia fuel and air, disrupting the flow of the ammonia fuel and air mixture, intensifying the degree of turbulence, and exponentially increasing the collision probability of ammonia gas and air molecules, promoting the mixing process. Moreover, the expansion part 402 can compress the mixed gas to a certain extent. As the mixed gas flows out of the small-diameter end, the pressure slightly rises. This not only helps the stable delivery of subsequent gas in the pipeline, but also makes the internal molecular spacing of the mixed gas more compact before entering the barrel combustion chamber 103, further enhancing the mixing effect and providing more optimal mixed gas conditions for the ammonia fuel to achieve efficient, stable, and low-pollution flameless combustion in the barrel combustion chamber 103.

[0034] As shown in Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 , the inner arc bottom of the air cylinder 4 is provided with an actuating end cover 6, the inner arc side of the actuating end cover 6 is provided with a containing groove 601, the side of the actuating end cover 6 close to the containing groove 601 is provided with a bearing end 602, the surface of the side of the actuating end cover 6 is provided with an air inlet hole 603, the inner arc of the containing groove 601 movably clamps a gas bag 7, the outer arc of the gas bag 7 is connected corresponding to the air inlet hole 603, the surface of the bearing end 602 movably clamps a gas push cover plate 8, the lower surface of the gas push cover plate 8 movably clamps a thermostat device 10, the lower surface of the gas push cover plate 8 is fixedly installed with a spring 9, one end of the spring 9 is fixedly installed on the surface of the bearing end 602, the bottom end of the thermostat device 10 penetrates into the containing groove 601 and is attached to the surface of the gas bag 7, and the gas push cover plate 8 is matched with the inner arc of the conical cover ring 5.

[0035] When the gas in the air cylinder 4 is compressed, it will enter the air inlet hole 603 of the actuating end cover 6 at high speed, and with the continuous injection of the gas source, the gas bag 7 corresponding to the air inlet hole 603 begins to be filled, under the action of continuous gas inflow, the gas bag 7 expands like a balloon, and as the gas bag 7 expands, its volume increases, and it begins to gradually occupy the space inside the air cylinder 4. Because the gas bag 7 occupies the space where the mixed gas of air and ammonia gas is located, the internal mixed gas is extruded, and the relatively loose intermolecular distance of the mixed gas is further compressed and reduced.

[0036] In this process, the expansion of the gas bag 7 is not random, and its material has certain elasticity and adaptability, which can expand uniformly according to the change of the internal gas pressure. At the same time, the expansion of the gas bag 7 will be extruded from the containing groove 601 in the actuating end cover 6 and continuously approach the conical cover ring 5. When it expands in the air cylinder 4 and extrudes the mixed gas, it will accelerate the speed of the mixed gas flowing out from the small diameter end, further promote the redistribution and mixing of ammonia gas and air molecules in the mixed gas, and even in the compression process, it can ensure that the uniformity of the mixed gas will not be destroyed. Moreover, with the continuous expansion of the gas bag 7, its compression effect on the mixed gas in the air cylinder 4 gradually increases, so that the pressure of the mixed gas is further increased, and the temperature is slightly increased. This change of pressure and temperature is not only beneficial to the good fluidity of the mixed gas when it enters the fire cylinder combustion chamber 103 in the subsequent process.

[0037] With the gas bag 7 continues to expand, the strong thrust generated gradually acting on the top of the gas push cover plate 8, the gas push cover plate 8 under the action of the thrust, begins to move smoothly and powerfully upward, in the process of the gas push cover plate 8 upward movement, the spring 9 connected with it is gradually lifted, the deformation degree of the spring 9 increases, a large amount of elastic potential energy is stored, at this time the air cylinder 4 like the mixed gas in the cylinder is driven by the pressure brought by the expansion of the gas bag 7, and the auxiliary push generated by the upward movement of the gas push cover plate 8, high speed to the inside of the cone cover ring 5.

[0038] In this process, the mixed gas is not simply translated as a whole, due to the slight difference in the pressure applied by the gas bag 7 to the mixed gas at different positions, plus the shearing action of the gas push cover plate 8 to the gas when moving upward, so that the ammonia gas and air molecules in the mixed gas further intensively rub and redistribute in the process of being pushed, this dynamic mixing process further improves the uniformity of the mixed gas, ensures that the mixing ratio of ammonia gas and air always maintains the best state when entering the cone cover ring 5, and the cone cover ring 5 receives the mixed gas, the cone structure can effectively straighten and accelerate the gas.

[0039] The above front, rear, left, right, up and down are based on the drawings of the specification Figure 1 As the standard, the side of the device facing the observer is defined as the front, the left side of the observer is defined as the left, and so on.

[0040] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and therefore cannot be understood as indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present application.

[0041] The basic principles, main features and advantages of the present application are shown and described above. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present application is not limited by the above examples, and the above examples and descriptions in the specification are only to illustrate the principles of the present application, and various changes and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the present application. The scope of protection of the present application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A gas turbine combustor structure suitable for ammonia fuel flameless combustion, characterized by: The utility model provides a contact ring cover (2) is fixedly installed to the outer surface of the one side of outer casing (1) away from rotor shaft heat shield (101), the inner wall middle part of contact ring cover (2) is movably connected with impeller (201) through the pivot, the impeller (201) and the side through -hole of outer casing (1) correspond and pass through, one side of the inner arc surface of contact ring cover (2) is equipped with venturi effect end face (202), the outer arc surface top of venturi effect end face (202) is fixedly installed with retainer (3), one side outer arc surface of retainer (3) is equipped with ladder end (301), the outer arc surface of ladder end (301) is equipped with screw thread, the outer arc surface of retainer (3) close to venturi effect end face (202) is the elastic structure, the inner arc surface endpoint of retainer (3) is abutted on the outer arc surface of venturi effect end face (202), the inner arc surface top end of retainer (3) is pasted on the surface of one side of contact ring cover (2), the outer arc surface screw thread connection of ladder end (301) is equipped with air cylinder (4). The outer arc surface one side edge of air cylinder (4) is equipped with air cylinder accessory (401), the inner arc surface middle section of air cylinder (4) is equipped with expansion part (402), the inner arc surface top of expansion part (402) one side surface is abutted on the inner wall of retainer (3) under the connection of screw thread.

2. A gas turbine combustor structure suitable for ammonia fuel flameless combustion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The retainer (3) is clamped and connected through the contact ring cover (2) of top and expansion part (402), the expansion part (402) is conical structure, the inner arc surface of expansion part (402) is connected with conical cover ring (5) through.

3. A gas turbine combustor structure suitable for ammonia fuel flameless combustion according to claim 2, characterized in that: The outer arc surface of conical cover ring (5) is provided with a shrink ring (501), the outer arc surface of conical cover ring (5) is provided with an air inlet (502) and an ammonia gas inlet (503), one side surface of conical cover ring (5) is provided with a protruding part (504).

4. A gas turbine combustor structure suitable for ammonia fuel flameless combustion according to claim 3, characterized in that: The outer arc surface of protruding part (504) is connected to the inside of venturi effect end face (202), the outer arc surface top of conical cover ring (5) is provided with a preheating cavity (505), the preheating cavity (505) penetrates to the outside of air cylinder (4).

5. A gas turbine combustor structure suitable for ammonia fuel flameless combustion according to claim 4, characterized in that: The inner arc surface bottom of air cylinder (4) is provided with an actuating end cover (6), one side of the inner arc surface of actuating end cover (6) is provided with a containing groove (601), one side of actuating end cover (6) close to containing groove (601) is provided with a bearing end (602).

6. A gas turbine combustor structure suitable for ammonia fuel flameless combustion according to claim 5, characterized in that: One side surface of actuating end cover (6) is provided with an air inlet hole (603), the inner arc surface of containing groove (601) is movably clamped with a gas bag (7), the outer arc surface of gas bag (7) is connected with air inlet hole (603) corresponding.

7. A gas turbine combustor structure suitable for ammonia fuel flameless combustion according to claim 6, characterized in that: The surface of the bearing end (602) is overlapped with a gas pushing cover plate (8), the lower surface of the gas pushing cover plate (8) is hingedly connected with a temperature regulating device (10), and the lower surface of the gas pushing cover plate (8) is fixedly installed with a spring (9).

8. A gas turbine combustor structure suitable for ammonia fuel flameless combustion according to claim 7, characterized in that: One end of the spring (9) is fixedly installed on the surface of the bearing end (602), the bottom end of the temperature regulating device (10) penetrates into the accommodating groove (601) and is attached to the surface of the gas bag (7), and the gas pushing cover plate (8) is matched with the inner arc surface of the conical cover ring (5).

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