Test system and method of model for simulating influence of tunnel smoke diffusion on light attenuation rate

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel operation, and provides a test system of a model for simulating the influence of tunnel smoke diffusion on the light attenuation rate. The test system comprises a tunnel model main body, the tunnel model main body comprises a supporting frame and at least one tunnel model section, and every two adjacent tunnel model sections in the multiple sections are connected to the supporting frame in a butt joint mode; a lighting assembly; the circulation subsystem comprises first air supply equipment, a conveying pipeline and two backflow ends, and the conveying pipeline and the two backflow ends are arranged on the supporting frame; the pumping subsystem comprises a sample feeding assembly; according to the invention, the first air supply equipment generates the air flow which has the same air speed value and the same air flow direction as the actual operation hole of the to-be-simulated tunnel so as to simulate the natural wind field, and the sample sending assembly quantitatively puts aerosol into the closed space of the tunnel model main body so as to simulate the smoke dust condition. And the light attenuation rate is calculated through the initial laser beam intensity received by the laser receiver and the laser beam intensity under the simulated tunnel actual operation condition.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel operation, and more specifically, to a test system and method for simulating a model of the influence of smoke diffusion in a tunnel on light attenuation rate. Background Art

[0002] With the increase in the number of cars in China, particulate matter and dust generated by natural wear of the road surface caused by tire friction, car braking, and the increase in the operation time of the built tunnels have become one of the main sources of pollution in the tunnel. The resulting illumination light attenuation continues to affect the visual experience and driving comfort of drivers of vehicles driving normally in the tunnel. Technical personnel in this field have long conducted research on the attenuation of illumination light by smoke based on aerosol theory and found that atmospheric aerosol particles, as one of the important components of the earth-atmosphere system, affect radiation transmission in a wide band of ultraviolet and infrared that can be accurately seen. On the one hand, it is due to the scattering and absorption of incident light by aerosols, resulting in the energy attenuation of light waves; on the other hand, aerosols convert the absorbed energy into their own heat to achieve the purpose of heating the atmosphere, thereby indirectly affecting the lighting effect.

[0003] Therefore, those skilled in the art have achieved a series of remarkable theories and results through three research methods: field tests by laser radar remote sensing and solar spectrophotometer, numerical simulations using CFD simulation software (e.g., ANSYS, FDS, etc.), and experimental studies using models such as precisely controlled fog chambers. Among them, the precisely controlled fog chamber test (the precisely controlled fog chamber is a closed space filled with aerosols generated by an atomizer, and the purpose of testing the effect of aerosols on illumination light attenuation is achieved by installing laser transmitters and receivers at both ends of the closed space) is one of the main model test methods for studying illumination light attenuation. The existing precisely controlled fog chambers are mainly fully enclosed types, and the aerosol particles therein only follow Brownian motion, diffusion, acceleration, and curvilinear motion, and are almost unaffected by other external conditions. However, there is a certain amount of natural wind in the tunnel under actual operating conditions, which is quite different from the working conditions applicable to the existing test system.

[0004] Based on this, it is urgent to invent an experimental system and method for simulating the influence of tunnel smoke diffusion on light attenuation rate to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is how to design a model with a natural wind field to simulate the influence of tunnel smoke diffusion on light attenuation rate, so as to reduce the systematic error between the light attenuation rate calculated in the existing model test process and the light attenuation rate calculated under the actual operating conditions of the tunnel to be simulated. To solve the above problem, a test system and method for a model simulating the influence of tunnel smoke diffusion on light attenuation rate are provided.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above technical problems is to provide a test system for simulating the influence of smoke diffusion in tunnels on the light attenuation rate, which comprises:

[0007] The tunnel model body comprises at least one supporting frame and tunnel model segments, and each two adjacent tunnel model segments in the plurality of segments are connected to each other and mounted on the supporting frame;

[0008] A plurality of lighting assemblies are installed on the corresponding tunnel model segments respectively; the number of the lighting assemblies matches the number of the tunnel model segments;

[0009] The circulation subsystem includes at least one first air supply device, at least one delivery pipe installed on the support frame and used to install the first air supply device, and two return flow ends that enclose a closed space with the tunnel model segment; wherein the two return flow ends are respectively assembled to the two ends of the tunnel model segment or the head of the tunnel model segment and the tail of the tunnel model segment;

[0010] The two end openings of the delivery pipe are connected to the enclosed space via the corresponding return end, and the wind flow is delivered to the enclosed space through the delivery pipe by the first air supply device so that the wind speed value in the enclosed space is a specific wind speed value to simulate a natural wind field;

[0011] A pumping subsystem including a sample delivery assembly capable of precisely delivering aerosols.

[0012] In one embodiment, the conveying pipeline includes a first conveying pipeline segment and a second conveying pipeline segment having one end connected to one end of the first conveying pipeline segment, and the other end of the first conveying pipeline segment and the other end of the second conveying pipeline segment are respectively connected to the enclosed space of the tunnel model body via the corresponding return end;

[0013] The sample delivery assembly includes a sample mixing housing, a sample delivery pipeline, and a sample pushing pipeline capable of accurately delivering aerosol temporarily stored in the inner cavity, and one end of the sample delivery pipeline is connected to the sample mixing chamber of the sample mixing housing, and the other end is connected to the second delivery pipeline section; the sample pushing pipeline and the first delivery pipeline section are both connected to the sample mixing chamber of the sample mixing housing;

[0014] The sample pushing pipe pushes the temporarily stored aerosol into the sample mixing chamber, mixes the aerosol with the wind flow entering from the first conveying pipe section in the sample mixing chamber, and then conveys the aerosol into the closed space via the sample conveying pipe and the second conveying pipe section.

[0015] In one embodiment, the sample delivery assembly further comprises a first auxiliary member installed at an opening position of the sample pushing channel close to the sample mixing housing, a sample delivery block movably installed at another opening position of the sample pushing channel, and a stop block arranged in the inner cavity of the sample pushing channel;

[0016] The outer diameter of the stop block is equal to the inner diameter of the sample pushing pipe, and a gap is formed between the top of the stop block and the inner wall of the sample pushing pipe;

[0017] The surface of the sample pushing pipe has scales, and the stop block has a chamfered surface whose projection pattern on the sample pushing pipe coincides with the starting scale line; the aerosol in the sample pushing pipe is transported into the sample mixing chamber through the notch under the combined action of the suction force of the first auxiliary part and the push of the sample delivery block.

[0018] In one embodiment, a second air supply device is further included, and the second air supply device is installed at the arched portion of the tunnel model section to simulate a local wind field.

[0019] In one embodiment, the wind flow in the conveying pipe flows from the end of the tunnel model body close to the pumping subsystem to the other end, and the wind flow direction in the enclosed space is opposite to the wind flow direction in the conveying pipe.

[0020] In one embodiment, a monitoring subsystem is further included, and the monitoring subsystem includes a plurality of aerosol concentration monitors for monitoring and measuring aerosol concentrations and a wind speed monitor for monitoring and measuring wind speed values; each of the aerosol concentration monitors is used in conjunction with each of the wind speed monitors;

[0021] Each of the aerosol concentration monitors and the corresponding wind speed monitor are respectively installed on each of the multiple tunnel model segments between the tunnel model segment at the head and the tunnel model segment at the tail.

[0022] In one embodiment, a laser transceiver subsystem is further included, and the laser transceiver subsystem includes a laser transmitter for emitting a laser beam and a laser receiver for receiving and displaying the intensity of the laser beam.

[0023] In one embodiment, both sides of the first air supply device have grooves for embedding the ends of each two adjacent tunnel model sections to ensure air tightness.

[0024] In one embodiment, the tunnel model section, the conveying pipeline, the sample mixing shell and the sample delivery pipeline are all made of light-proof materials.

[0025] In one embodiment, a method of applying the aforementioned test system for simulating the effect of tunnel smoke diffusion on light attenuation rate is provided, wherein a quantitative aerosol in the sample delivery assembly is delivered into the enclosed space to simulate smoke conditions similar to those during the actual operation of the tunnel to be simulated;

[0026] Using a plurality of the first air supply devices, a specific wind speed value in the enclosed space is made equal to a wind speed value in a natural wind field to be simulated, and a wind flow direction in the enclosed space is the same as a wind flow direction in a natural wind field to be simulated;

[0027] Calculate the light attenuation rate of one test by using the initial laser beam intensity received by the laser receiver and the laser beam intensity received by the laser receiver under the simulated natural wind field conditions;

[0028] The wind field in the enclosed space is readjusted to a wind field similar to the natural wind field in the first test by using multiple first air supply devices, and the measured values ​​under the corresponding test conditions in the enclosed space are calculated. After repeating the above steps multiple times, the light attenuation rates corresponding to multiple tests are calculated respectively.

[0029] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: a wind flow having the same wind speed and direction as that in the actual operating tunnel of the tunnel to be simulated is generated by the first air supply device to simulate a natural wind field, and aerosol is quantitatively released into the enclosed space of the tunnel model body by the sample delivery component to simulate smoke conditions, and the light attenuation rate is calculated by the initial laser beam intensity received by the laser receiver and the laser beam intensity under the simulated actual operating conditions of the tunnel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a test system in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 is a flow diagram of a test system in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 The present invention Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the first air supply device;

[0033] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a part of the test system in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of the junction of adjacent tunnel model segments;

[0035] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 Section view about section line AA;

[0036] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship between the pumping subsystem and the circulation subsystem in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 8 The present invention Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the sample mixing housing and sample delivery assembly;

[0038] Fig. 9 It is a structural diagram of a tunnel model segment (specifically, the fourth or eighth tunnel model segment along the length direction of the tunnel model body from one end close to the pumping subsystem) in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Fig.10 is a cross-sectional view of the sixth tunnel model section along the length direction of the tunnel model body starting from one end close to the pumping subsystem in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Fig.11 is a layout diagram of an aerosol concentration monitor and a wind speed monitor in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Fig.12 is an exploded view of a laser transmitter in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Reference numerals: 1, test system; 10, tunnel model body; 100, support frame; 101, tunnel model segment;

[0043] 2. lighting assembly; 3. circulation subsystem; 30. first air supply device; 300. groove; 31. delivery pipeline; 310. first delivery pipeline section; 3100. delivery pipeline segment; 311. second delivery pipeline section; 3110. delivery pipeline segment; 32. return flow terminal; 33. confined space; 34. second air supply device; 35. second air supply device bracket;

[0044] 4. Pumping subsystem; 40. Sample delivery assembly; 400. Sample mixing housing; 4000. Sample mixing chamber; 401. Sample pushing pipeline; 402. Sample delivery pipeline; 403. Pressure stabilizing pipeline; 404. First auxiliary component; 405. Stop block; 406. Sample delivery block; 407. Notch; 408. Second auxiliary component;

[0045] 5. Monitoring subsystem; 50. Aerosol concentration monitor; 51. Wind speed monitor;

[0046] 6. Laser transceiver subsystem; 60. Laser receiver; 61. Laser transmitter; 62. Laser receiver bracket; 63. Sleeve; 64. Fastener; 65. Screw. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and implementation methods. It should be understood that the specific implementation methods described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0048] The present invention provides a model test system 1 for simulating the influence of smoke diffusion on light attenuation rate applied to a highway tunnel, which is used to solve the problem that the working conditions of the test system 1 of the existing model are not completely consistent with the working conditions in the tunnel during the actual operation of the tunnel to be simulated due to the difference between the wind field conditions in the test system 1 of the existing model (only having a natural wind field) and the wind field conditions in the tunnel during the actual operation of the tunnel to be simulated (having a natural wind field and a local wind field), resulting in a large systematic error between the value of the light attenuation rate under the simulated working conditions and the value of the light attenuation rate under the actual working conditions on site.

[0049] The experimental system 1 for simulating the influence of smoke diffusion in a tunnel on the light attenuation rate comprises a tunnel model body 10, a lighting component 2, a circulation subsystem 3 and a pumping subsystem 4. Under the conditions that the lighting component 2 simulates the light environment and the circulation subsystem 3 simulates the wind field, a quantitative aerosol in the pumping subsystem 4 is released into the enclosed space 33 of the tunnel model body 10 under the combined action of the pumping of the pumping subsystem 4 and the wind flow wrapping of the circulation subsystem 3 to simulate the smoke conditions in the tunnel during the actual operation of the tunnel to be simulated, and then the light attenuation rate is calculated by the initial laser beam intensity received by the laser receiver and the laser beam intensity received under the working conditions in the tunnel during the simulated actual operation of the tunnel.

[0050] Implementation Method 1

[0051] refer to Figure 1-Figure 3The tunnel model body 10 includes at least one tunnel model segment 101 and a plurality of support frames 100 for installing other components in the test system 1 and making the entity part of the test system 1 suspended. Although the air tightness of the tunnel model corresponding to the single tunnel model segment 101 is better (compared with the tunnel model formed by joining multiple tunnel model segments 101), considering the transportation problem of the single tunnel model segment 101 (the length of the single tunnel model segment 101 is too large), in this specific embodiment, the tunnel model includes multiple tunnel model segments 101. And according to experience, the number of tunnel model segments 101 can be 10 (that is, the length of the tunnel model is 10m). Of course, in other specific embodiments, the number of tunnel model segments 101 can also be other. In contrast, the number of support frames 100 can be 9.

[0052] In order to ensure the airtightness of the test system, refer to Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 Each two adjacent tunnel model segments 101 in the multiple segments are butted against each other and mounted on the support frame 100. Specifically, each support frame 100 has a mounting hole, and the two butted tunnel model segments 101 are mounted on the support frame 100 in a manner that a raised portion formed by the butt joint of the two tunnel model segments 101 is embedded in a groove on the wall of the mounting hole.

[0053] The lighting components 2 are used to simulate the light environment conditions of the test. There are multiple lighting components 2, which are installed on the corresponding tunnel model sections 101. In order to simulate a light environment similar to the light environment during the actual operation of the tunnel (specifically, to ensure sufficient illumination and sufficient illumination uniformity), the number of lighting components 2 is adapted to or equal to the number of tunnel model sections 101. In other words, multiple lighting components 2 are independently arranged on the corresponding tunnel model sections 101, so that when any lighting component 2 fails, the failed lighting component 2 can be replaced individually without replacing all lighting components 2.

[0054] The circulation subsystem 3 includes at least one first air supply device 30, at least one delivery pipe 31 installed on the support frame 100 and used to install the first air supply device 30, and two return flow terminals 32 that enclose a closed space 33 with the tunnel model section 101; wherein the two return flow terminals 32 are respectively assembled to the two ends of the tunnel model section 101 or the head tunnel model section 101 and the rear tunnel model section 101. In this specific embodiment, the circulation subsystem 3 includes two terminals that are respectively assembled to the head tunnel model section 101 and the rear tunnel model section 101 and are connected to the support frame 100 so that the wind flow generated by the first air supply device 30 flows to the closed space 33 after passing through the delivery pipe 31 and the return flow terminal 32, and simulates a natural wind field in the closed space 33 of the tunnel model. It can be understood that the wind flow in the delivery pipe 31 flows from the end of the tunnel model body 10 close to the pumping subsystem 40 to the other end, and under the action of the return end 32, the wind flow direction in the enclosed space 33 is opposite to the wind flow direction in the delivery pipe 31. Specifically, in this specific embodiment, the number of delivery pipes 31 is two. Preferably, the shape of the return end 32 can be a half bowl shape. In order to simulate the natural wind field under the actual operating conditions in the tunnel through the wind flow generated by the first air supply device 30, and at the same time ensure the air circulation in the enclosed chamber of the test system, the first air supply device 30 can be a return fan.

[0055] The openings at both ends of the delivery pipe 31 are connected to the enclosed space 33 via the corresponding return end 32, and the wind flow is delivered to the enclosed space 33 via the delivery pipe 31 through the first air supply device 30 so that the wind speed value in the enclosed space 33 is a specific wind speed value to simulate the natural wind field. In this specific embodiment, the openings at both ends of the two delivery pipes 31 are connected to the enclosed space 33 of the tunnel model body 10 via the corresponding return end 32, and the wind flow generated by itself is continuously delivered to the enclosed space 33 of the tunnel model body 10 via the corresponding delivery pipes 31 by multiple return fans, until the wind speed value in the enclosed space 33 of the tunnel model body 10 reaches a specific wind speed value to simulate the natural wind field. It should be noted that the specific wind speed value here is the wind speed value of the natural wind field to be simulated.

[0056] Further, continue to refer to Figure 3 The two sides of the first air supply device 30 have grooves 300 for embedding each two adjacent tunnel model sections 101 to ensure the air tightness between each two adjacent tunnel model sections 101. Obviously, this connection method between the first air supply device 30 and each two adjacent tunnel model sections 101 is also convenient for replacing the first air supply device 30.

[0057] The pumping subsystem 4 includes a sample delivery component 40 capable of accurately delivering aerosols. In the process of simulating the environment inside the tunnel during the actual operation of the tunnel to be simulated, the specific ratio of aerosol delivered by the sample delivery component 40 flows to the enclosed space 33 of the tunnel model body 10 under the wrapping of the wind flow generated by the first air supply device 30, so as to simulate the smoke and dust conditions inside the tunnel during the actual operation of the tunnel to be simulated.

[0058] In one embodiment, the conveying pipeline 31 includes a first conveying pipeline section 310 and a second conveying pipeline section 311 connected to the first conveying pipeline section 310, and the other end of the first conveying pipeline section 310 and the other end of the second conveying pipeline section 311 are respectively connected to the closed space 33 of the tunnel model body 10 through the corresponding return end 32. Specifically, the first conveying pipeline section 310 and the second conveying pipeline section 311 are both formed by sequentially connecting multiple sections of conveying pipeline segments (3100, 3110), and the first air supply device 30 is installed at the connection position of adjacent conveying pipeline segments (3100, 3110). In this specific embodiment, the number of conveying pipeline segments (3100, 3110) can be 5, and correspondingly, the number of return flow fans can be 4. In addition, considering the flow direction of the fluid (the fluid here includes wind flow and a mixed fluid formed by aerosol and wind flow) in the enclosed space 33 of the tunnel model body 10, in order to make the mixed fluid formed by aerosol and wind flow flow through as many conveying pipeline segments (3100, 3110) as possible, the first conveying pipeline segment 310 corresponds to one conveying pipeline segment (3100, 3110), and the second conveying pipeline segment 311 corresponds to four conveying pipeline segments (3100, 3110).

[0059] refer to Figure 7 and Figure 8 The sample delivery component 40 includes a sample mixing housing 400, a sample delivery pipe 402, and a sample pushing pipe 401 that can accurately deliver aerosols temporarily stored in its own inner cavity, and one end of the sample delivery pipe 402 is connected to the sample mixing chamber 4000 of the sample mixing housing 400, and the other end is connected to the second delivery pipe section 311; the sample pushing pipe 401 and the first delivery pipe section 310 are both connected to the sample mixing chamber 4000 in the sample mixing housing 400. Obviously, the first delivery pipe section 310 and the second delivery pipe section 311 are located on both sides of the sample delivery pipe 402. In this specific embodiment, the aerosol pushed by the sample pushing pipe 401 and the wind flow delivered by the first delivery pipe section 310 are mixed in the sample mixing chamber 4000 of the sample mixing housing 400, and then delivered to the enclosed space 33 of the tunnel model body 10 through the sample delivery pipe 402 to simulate the smoke and dust conditions in the tunnel during the actual operation of the tunnel to be simulated.

[0060] Optionally, in this specific embodiment, the sample delivery component 40 may further include a pressure-stabilizing pipe 403 whose two ends are respectively connected to the first delivery pipe section 310 and the sample mixing chamber 4000 of the sample mixing housing 400, so as to transport the wind flow in the enclosed space 33 of the tunnel model body 10 to the sample mixing chamber 4000 of the sample mixing housing 400, thereby balancing the air pressure in the sample mixing chamber 4000. Of course, in other specific embodiments, the pressure-stabilizing pipe 403 may also be omitted.

[0061] It should be noted that, in order to make the material of the tunnel model of the test system 1 conform to the actual material of the tunnel to be simulated, the materials of the tunnel model section 101, the sample shell 400 of the conveying pipeline 31, the sample delivery pipeline 402 and the pressure stabilizing pipeline 403 are all light-proof materials. Specifically, the material of the tunnel model section 101 can be precast concrete material, that is, the tunnel model section 101 is a concrete thin shell.

[0062] In one embodiment, the sample delivery assembly 40 further includes a first auxiliary component 404 installed at an opening position of the sample pushing pipeline 401 close to the sample mixing housing 400 and used to suck the aerosol in the inner cavity of the sample pushing pipeline 401, a sample delivery block 406 movably installed at another opening position of the sample pushing pipeline 401, and a stopper block 405 disposed in the inner cavity of the sample pushing pipeline 401. In this specific embodiment, the first auxiliary component 404 can be a sample suction fan.

[0063] In this specific embodiment, the shape of the sample pushing pipeline 401 can be cylindrical, and correspondingly, the stopper 405 can be a cylindrical wedge-shaped block. The outer diameter of the stopper 405 is equal to the inner diameter of the sample pushing pipeline 401, and a gap 407 is formed between the top of the stopper 405 and the inner wall of the sample pushing pipeline 401, so that the aerosol between the sample delivery block 406 and the stopper 405 in the inner cavity of the sample pushing pipeline 401 flows from the gap 407 to the other side of the stopper 405 in the inner cavity of the sample pushing pipeline 401. In order to put a quantitative aerosol into the mixing chamber 4000 during the first test, the surface of the sample pushing pipeline 401 has a scale, and the stopper 405 has a beveled surface whose projection figure on the sample pushing pipeline 401 coincides with the starting scale line (or the zero scale line). Obviously, the sample delivery block 406 also has a beveled surface that matches the beveled surface on the stopper 405.

[0064] The aerosol of a specific volume in the sample pushing pipe 401 is transported to the sample mixing chamber 4000 through the notch 407 under the combined action of the suction force of the first auxiliary part 404 and the push of the sample delivery block 406. At this time, when the sample delivery block 406 moves from the original position to the end position, the oblique surface of the sample delivery block 406 fits the oblique surface of the stop block 405. If the aerosol temporarily stored between the stop block 405 and the sample delivery block 406 in the inner cavity of the sample pushing pipe 401 fills the aforementioned area (i.e., between the stop block 405 and the sample delivery block 406 in the inner cavity of the sample pushing pipe 401), the volume of the aerosol delivered to the sample mixing chamber 4000 is the volume between the stop block 405 and the sample delivery block 406 in the inner cavity of the sample pushing pipe 401. It should be noted that the size of the sample pushing pipe 401 (for example, the length and radius of the sample pushing pipe 401) is determined by the volume of the aerosol to be delivered to the sample mixing chamber 4000.

[0065] More specifically, a second auxiliary component 408 may be installed at the bottom of the sample mixing housing 400 to work together with the suction force of the first auxiliary component 404 and the driving force of the sample delivery block 406 to deliver a specific volume of aerosol to the sample mixing chamber 4000. Of course, in other specific embodiments, the second auxiliary component 408 may also be omitted.

[0066] In one embodiment, a second air supply device 34 is further included, and the second air supply device 34 is installed at the arched portion of the tunnel model section 101 through a second air supply device bracket 35 to simulate a local wind field, so as to simulate a composite working condition with both a natural wind field and a local wind field, so that the wind field conditions of the enclosed space 33 in the tunnel model body 10 are closer to the wind field conditions in the tunnel during the actual operation of the tunnel to be simulated, thereby reducing the systematic error between the light attenuation rate data calculated under the simulation conditions and the light attenuation rate data calculated under the actual measurement conditions on site.

[0067] In one embodiment, reference Fig. 9 and Fig.10 , also includes a monitoring subsystem 5, and the monitoring subsystem 5 includes a plurality of aerosol concentration monitors 50 for monitoring and measuring aerosol concentrations and a wind speed monitor 51 for monitoring and measuring wind speed values; each of the aerosol concentration monitors 50 is used in conjunction with each of the wind speed monitors 51.

[0068] refer to Fig.11 Each aerosol concentration monitor 50 and the corresponding wind speed monitor 51 are respectively installed on each tunnel model segment 101 of the multiple tunnel model segments 101 between the head tunnel model segment 101 and the tail tunnel model segment 101, and the number of aerosol concentration monitors 50 and wind speed monitors 51 are equal and symmetrically arranged.

[0069] In one embodiment, if Fig.12 As shown, the laser transceiver subsystem 6 is also included, and the laser transceiver subsystem 6 includes a plurality of laser transmitters 61 for transmitting laser beams and a plurality of laser receivers 60 for receiving laser beams. In order to prevent the laser receiver 60 and the laser transmitter 61 from being displaced during the test, the laser transceiver subsystem 6 also includes a laser receiver bracket 62, a sleeve 63, a fastener 64 and a screw 65, so that the laser receiver 60 is encapsulated in the sleeve 63 by the fastener 64 and is locked with the screw 65, and then the combination formed by the sleeve 63, the laser receiver 60, the fastener 64 and the screw 65 is installed on the laser receiver bracket 62. It should be noted that the installation method of the laser transmitter 61 is the same as that of the laser receiver 60, which will not be repeated here.

[0070] Implementation Method 2

[0071] The working process of the test system 1 is described in detail below:

[0072] (1) According to the wind field conditions, light environment conditions and smoke conditions in the tunnel to be simulated during the actual operation period, determine the type of wind field (for example, the working condition with only natural wind field or the composite working condition with both natural wind field and local wind field), wind field wind speed value, light angle, light intensity, aerosol ratio, concentration and volume, etc.;

[0073] (2) Before the test begins, assemble the physical part of the test system 1 in a flat and open area, and check the components in the test system 1 to ensure that they can work normally (especially, it is necessary to ensure that the lighting component 2, the monitoring subsystem and the laser transceiver subsystem 6 are firmly fixed to prevent the components from shifting during the test). In addition, the airtightness of the physical part of the test system 1 needs to be checked to ensure that it is in a fully enclosed state;

[0074] (3) According to the aerosol concentration determined in step (1), an aerosol sample to be released into the enclosed space 33 of the tunnel model body 10 is prepared. The specific operation process of the aerosol sample preparation is to extract air samples in the tunnel during the actual operation of the tunnel, measure the content of particulate matter in the air sample and the particle size distribution range of different particulate matter by filter membrane weighing method, and then analyze the chemical composition of the air sample by synchronous X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. It should be noted that the following factors should also be fully considered in the process of preparing the aerosol sample: compound NO x , SO2 and particulate matter PM (e.g. PM 2.5 , PM 10 ) has an impact on the light attenuation rate, among which the impact of fine particles and ultrafine particles is the most significant. Specifically, PM 0.5 The mass of particles accounts for 56% of the total mass of aerosol particles, PM 2.5~PM 10 The mass of particles accounts for 12% of the total mass of aerosol particles, while the concentration of particles with a diameter of more than 2.5um is relatively low.

[0075] Exemplarily, the chemical components of the aerosol to be released into the enclosed space 33 of the tunnel model body 10 mainly include Fe, Ba, Cu, Zn, Sb, Sn (generated by tire and brake wear), Ca, Al, K, Sr and Ti (generated by road smoke).

[0076] (4) Start multiple return fans simultaneously until the wind speed value v of each wind speed monitor 51 is equal to the wind speed value in the tunnel during the actual operation of the tunnel to be simulated, the wind flow direction is the same, and a stable natural wind field is formed. Then, a specific volume of aerosol sample is filled into the area between the stop block 405 and the sample delivery block 406 in the sample pushing pipe 401, and the projection pattern of the sample delivery block 406 on the sample pushing pipe 401 coincides with the V1 scale line of the sample pushing pipe 401. V1 satisfies:

[0077] V1=V0-V·ρ0

[0078] Wherein: V1 is the volume of the remaining gas below the extended surface of the top surface of the stop block 405 in the area between the stop block 405 and the sample delivery block 406 in the sample pushing pipeline 401 after the mixed gas (mixed gas is a mixture of aerosol and air) is released into the mixing chamber 4000 of the mixing housing 400 in the first test process; V0 is the volume of the mixed gas below the extended surface of the top surface of the stop block 405 in the area between the stop block 405 and the sample delivery block 406 in the sample pushing pipeline 401 after the aerosol is released into the sample pushing pipeline 401 in the first test process; V is the gas volume in the closed chamber of the test system 1 (referring to the above, the test system 1 is in a fully closed state); ρ0 is the design concentration of the aerosol;

[0079] (5) During each test, the angle values ​​θ formed by multiple groups of laser beams and the receiving surface of the laser receiver and the laser intensity I received by the laser receiver are recorded, and the light attenuation rate α is calculated by the following formula. It should be noted that the time interval between recording two adjacent groups of the above-mentioned physical quantity values ​​is 30 seconds;

[0080]

[0081] Where: α is the light attenuation rate; d is the horizontal distance between the laser transmitter and the laser receiver; θ is the angle between the laser beam and the receiving surface of the laser receiver; I0 is the laser intensity received by the laser receiver under the initial working condition; I is the laser intensity received by the laser receiver under the actual operating condition of the simulated tunnel;

[0082] (6) The wind speed value in the enclosed space 33 of the tunnel model body 10 is adjusted by multiple first air supply devices 30, and in the process of implementing the next test according to the aforementioned test requirements, steps (2) to (5) are repeated until the last test is completed. It should be noted that before implementing the next test, it is necessary not only to clean the aerosol particles adhered to the various components in the test system 1, but also to restore the aerosol concentration in the enclosed chamber of the test system 1 to the state before the first test.

[0083] The above are only preferred specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily and accurately thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A test system for simulating the influence of smoke diffusion in tunnels on light attenuation rate, characterized in that: include: The tunnel model body comprises at least one supporting frame and tunnel model segments, and each two adjacent tunnel model segments in the plurality of segments are connected to each other and mounted on the corresponding supporting frame; A plurality of lighting components are installed on the tunnel model segments at intervals or installed on the corresponding tunnel model segments; The circulation subsystem includes at least one first air supply device, at least one delivery pipe installed on the support frame and used to install the first air supply device, and two return flow ends that enclose a closed space with the tunnel model segment; wherein the two return flow ends are respectively assembled to the two ends of the tunnel model segment or the head of the tunnel model segment and the tail of the tunnel model segment; The two end openings of the delivery pipe are connected to the enclosed space via the corresponding return end, and the wind flow is delivered to the enclosed space through the delivery pipe by the first air supply device, so that the wind speed value in the enclosed space is a specific wind speed value to simulate a natural wind field; A pumping subsystem includes a sample delivery component capable of quantitatively delivering aerosol.

2. The test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conveying pipeline includes a first conveying pipeline section and a second conveying pipeline section whose one end is connected to one end of the first conveying pipeline section, and the other end of the first conveying pipeline section and the other end of the second conveying pipeline section are respectively connected to the closed space of the tunnel model body via the corresponding return end; The sample delivery assembly includes a sample mixing housing, a sample delivery pipeline, and a sample pushing pipeline capable of quantitatively delivering aerosol temporarily stored in the inner cavity, and one end of the sample delivery pipeline is connected to the sample mixing chamber of the sample mixing housing, and the other end is connected to the second delivery pipeline section; the sample pushing pipeline and the first delivery pipeline section are both connected to the sample mixing chamber of the sample mixing housing; The sample pushing pipe pushes the temporarily stored aerosol into the sample mixing chamber, mixes the aerosol with the wind flow entering from the first conveying pipe section in the sample mixing chamber, and then conveys the aerosol into the closed space via the sample conveying pipe and the second conveying pipe section.

3. The test system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sample delivery assembly also includes a first auxiliary component installed at an opening position of the sample pushing channel close to the sample mixing housing, a sample delivery block movably installed at another opening position of the sample pushing channel, and a stop block arranged in the inner cavity of the sample pushing channel; The outer diameter of the stop block is equal to the inner diameter of the sample pushing pipe, and a gap is formed between the top of the stop block and the inner wall of the sample pushing pipe; The surface of the sample pushing pipe has scales, and the stop block has a chamfered surface whose projection pattern on the sample pushing pipe coincides with the starting scale line; the aerosol in the sample pushing pipe is transported into the sample mixing chamber through the notch under the combined action of the suction force of the first auxiliary part and the push of the sample delivery block.

4. The test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a second air supply device, and the second air supply device is installed at the arched portion of the tunnel model section to simulate a local wind field.

5. The test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wind flow in the conveying pipeline flows from the end of the tunnel model body close to the pumping subsystem to the other end, and the flow direction of the wind flow in the enclosed space is opposite to that of the wind flow in the conveying pipeline.

6. The test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a monitoring subsystem, and the monitoring subsystem includes a plurality of aerosol concentration monitors for monitoring and measuring aerosol concentrations and a wind speed monitor for monitoring and measuring wind speed values; each of the aerosol concentration monitors is used in conjunction with each of the wind speed monitors; Each of the aerosol concentration monitors and the corresponding wind speed monitor are respectively installed on each of the multiple tunnel model segments between the tunnel model segment at the head and the tunnel model segment at the tail.

7. The test system according to claim 5, characterized in that: It also includes a laser transceiver subsystem, and the laser transceiver subsystem includes a laser transmitter for emitting a laser beam and a laser receiver for receiving and displaying the intensity value of the laser beam.

8. The test system according to claim 2, characterized in that: Both sides of the first air supply device are provided with grooves for embedding the ends of each two adjacent tunnel model sections to ensure air tightness.

9. The test system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The tunnel model section, the conveying pipeline, the sample mixing shell and the sample delivery pipeline are all made of light-proof materials.

10. An experimental method for simulating the influence of smoke diffusion in tunnels on light attenuation rate, characterized in that: A test system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9: Delivering a quantitative aerosol in the sample delivery assembly into the confined space to simulate smoke conditions similar to those during actual tunnel operation to be simulated; Using a plurality of the first air supply devices, a specific wind speed value in the enclosed space is made equal to a wind speed value in a natural wind field to be simulated, and a wind flow direction in the enclosed space is the same as a wind flow direction in a natural wind field to be simulated; Calculate the light attenuation rate of one test by using the initial laser beam intensity received by the laser receiver and the laser beam intensity received by the laser receiver under the simulated natural wind field conditions; The wind field in the enclosed space is readjusted to a wind field similar to the natural wind field in the first test by using multiple first air supply devices, and the measured values ​​under the corresponding test conditions in the enclosed space are calculated. After repeating the above steps multiple times, the light attenuation rates corresponding to multiple tests are calculated respectively.

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