Aerospace metal material defect detection device and detection method

Abstract

The invention discloses an aerospace metal material defect detection device and method, relating to the technical field of optical surface defect detection. The aerospace metal material defect detection device and method comprise a scanning instrument and a computer. The scanning instrument scans the surface of the aerospace metal material and transmits the data to the computer for display. The scanning instrument comprises: an instrument case with an operating panel installed inside and a light-shielding structure provided inside the instrument case; an optical scanner mounted within the instrument case via a bracket; and a multifunctional fixture that can clamp different types of material samples without changing the fixture by adjusting the clamping method. It can even bend flat plate samples for testing, magnifying defects on the bent surface. If the material quality is unqualified, new defects will appear. This makes it easier and more accurate to judge the quality of the material, ensuring the strict quality requirements of aerospace metal materials. The device is simple to operate, multi-functional, and easy to use.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of optical detection of surface defects, and in particular to an aerospace metal material defect detection device and a detection method. Background Art

[0002] Aerospace metal materials, as the name suggests, refer to various metal materials used in aircraft and their components. These materials typically feature lightweight, high strength, high-temperature resistance, and corrosion resistance, making them essential key materials in the aerospace industry. Common aerospace metal materials include magnesium alloys, titanium alloys, aluminum alloys, and high-temperature alloys. During high-speed flight, aircraft are subject to significant aerodynamic and thermal forces. Surface defects on metal components, such as cracks, scratches, and rust, can expand during flight, leading to component failure and potentially accidents. Therefore, metal surface defect detection can promptly identify and repair these potential safety hazards, ensuring flight safety. Furthermore, aerospace products have extremely high quality requirements; even the slightest defect can lead to performance degradation or even failure of the entire product. Metal surface defect detection helps promptly detect and eliminate these defects during the production process, improving overall product quality and reliability.

[0003] Publication No. CN104101612B discloses a surface defect detection device for planar materials, comprising a main frame, a linear light source mounted on the main frame, and at least one detection module mounted on the main frame. The main frame comprises two columns on either side and a crossbeam fixedly mounted on the two columns, with a sliding guide rod disposed on the crossbeam. The detection module comprises a mounting base slidably mounted on the sliding guide rod, with a CCD image sensor and a dot matrix laser mounted on either side of the crossbeam, respectively. The two columns are each provided with a linear light source mounting base, with the ends of the linear light source mounted on two linear light source mounting bases, respectively, and an adjustment mechanism disposed between the linear light source mounting base and the linear light source for adjusting the position of the linear light source perpendicular to the crossbeam. This surface defect detection device for planar materials can detect defects on the surface of planar materials in a fully covered manner.

[0004] As shown in this technology, existing surface defect detection for planar materials typically uses laser scanning to scan the material surface to accurately display the surface contour of the material and identify whether there are defects. However, this only scans normal materials that are not affected by external forces. When applied to aerospace metal materials with higher requirements, such materials will undergo varying degrees of deformation processing during actual use. Usually, defect detection is performed on early samples, which are different from the deformed state after processing. If the surface defects of aerospace metal materials are not obvious or the local surface strength is insufficient, the defects may be amplified or new defects may appear after deformation. However, these cannot be detected using existing testing equipment in the early stages, thus reducing the reliability of the test data. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In response to the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides an aerospace metal material defect detection device and method, which solves the problem that existing scanning instruments cannot simulate surface defects of aerospace metal materials after deformation processing.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: an aerospace metal material defect detection device, comprising a scanning instrument and a computer, wherein the scanning instrument scans the surface of the aerospace metal material and transmits the data to the computer for display, and the scanning instrument comprises:

[0007] An instrument box with an operation panel installed inside and a light-shielding structure provided inside the instrument box;

[0008] An optical scanner is installed in the instrument box through a bracket;

[0009] A material holding table is provided below the optical scanner;

[0010] A multifunctional fixture is placed on a material holding platform to clamp the material to be tested. The material holding platform drives the material to be tested to move through the multifunctional fixture to limit the slippage of the material to be tested. The multifunctional fixture has the function of clamping block materials and plate materials, and the multifunctional fixture supports bending testing of plate materials;

[0011] The multifunctional fixture consists of a frame and a fixture on it that is driven to move synchronously in opposite directions, and the fixture integrates multiple types of clamping positions. A base supporting the material to be tested is set in the center of the frame, and the base pushes up the center of the plate material when the plate material is subjected to bending testing.

[0012] Preferably, the frame includes a bottom plate and end plates fixed at both ends of its top, the two sides of the end plate are bent inward to form side plates, the bottom of the side plate is provided with a positioning pin inserted into the bottom plate, the middle upper arch of the bottom plate is provided to install the base, and a connecting shaft is horizontally passed through the arched part of the bottom plate, and screw rods are rotatably connected between the two sides of the base and the end plates on both sides, and the threads of the two screw rods are reversed to drive the two sets of clamps to move relative to each other, and the two ends of the connecting shaft are respectively connected to the two screw rods through transmission parts, one end of the connecting shaft passes through one side end plate and is connected to a crank through a first gear set, and a support frame supporting the crank is installed on the side of the end plate.

[0013] Preferably, the clamp comprises:

[0014] The bracket, the bottom of which is threadedly connected to the outside of the screw rod through a threaded sleeve;

[0015] The lower splint, both sides of the bottom are rotatably connected to the two sides of the threaded sleeve through pins;

[0016] The upper clamping plate is fixedly connected to the top of the upper clamping plate by bolts. The upper clamping plate and the upper clamping plate are connected by a reinforcing pin located on one side of the bolt. The inner side of the top of the upper clamping plate has a light absorbing strip. The light absorbing strip absorbs the laser of the optical scanner and reduces the reflected light to frame the detection area in the image;

[0017] The rubber pad is placed between the lower and upper splints to flexibly compress the panel material when in use.

[0018] Preferably, the lower splint, upper splint and bracket are all in a right-angle V-shape to clamp square block materials, the opposite surfaces of the lower splint and upper splint are provided with right-angle clamping grooves to clamp the plate material at a right angle, the ends of the opposite surfaces of the lower splint and upper splint are provided with flat clamping grooves flush with the right-angle clamping grooves, which are used to clamp the side edges of the plate material, and the opposite sides of the lower splint and upper splint and located on the outside of the right-angle clamping groove are provided with mutually engaging splines.

[0019] Preferably, slots are provided at the bottoms of both ends of the lower splint, and plug-in blocks adapted to the slots are provided at the tops of both ends of the bracket. Long slots corresponding to the pin shaft are provided on both sides of the threaded sleeve, and the pin shaft can slide in the long slot to connect or separate the plug-in blocks from the slots. The clamp clamps the plate material and separates the plug-in blocks from the slots before bending to allow the lower splint and the upper splint to deflect upward.

[0020] Preferably, the base includes an outer sleeve fixed to the top of the base plate by bolts, and a sealing gasket is crimped between the outer sleeve and the base plate, an inner sleeve is provided for longitudinal sliding inside the outer sleeve, a ball head push sleeve is provided for sliding inside the inner sleeve, the ball head push sleeve can slide out of the inner sleeve, and an inner edge is provided on the top of the inner sleeve to limit the ball head push sleeve from sliding out completely, the bottom of the inner sleeve is fixedly connected to a bottom cover, the outer sides of the bottom cover and the ball head push sleeve are both provided with sealing rings, a spring is abutted between the bottom cover and the base plate, and a through hole is opened in the center of the bottom cover, the bottom of the base plate is connected to an air nozzle, the air nozzle is connected to an air pump through a pipeline, and the inner sleeve and the ball head push sleeve are controlled to slide down or move up by pumping air into the outer sleeve.

[0021] Preferably, the instrument box consists of a bottom box and a box cover hinged to the rear side by a hinge, the box cover is hung with the front side of the bottom box by a buckle, a storage sponge is provided on the right side inside the bottom box, and a storage slot for accommodating an optical scanner and a multi-function clamp is provided in the storage sponge, a guide groove is provided at the top of the bottom box and under the material holding platform, a dustproof isolation box is fixedly connected inside the bottom box and under the guide groove, the dustproof isolation box is rotatably connected to the inside of the driving screw, a servo motor is fixedly connected to one end of the driving screw inside the bottom box and located, and the output shaft of the servo motor is meshed with one end of the driving screw through a second gear set for transmission, the bottom of the material holding platform is threadedly connected to the driving screw through a threaded seat passing through the guide groove, a dustproof frame is engaged with the guide groove, and bristles are densely arranged on both sides of the inner side of the dustproof frame, and positioning grooves are correspondingly provided at the bottom of the bottom plate and the top of the material holding platform. When the bottom plate is placed on the top of the material holding platform, the positioning grooves engage with each other to limit the slippage of the bottom plate.

[0022] Preferably, two sets of fixing seats are fixedly connected to the top of the bottom box and located on the left side of the guide groove. The bracket consists of two columns and a mounting bracket. The columns are inserted into the fixing seats when in use. The mounting bracket is sleeved between the top ends of the two columns and tightened by bolts. The optical scanner is fixedly installed on the mounting bracket. Two sets of placement seats are fixedly connected to the front side of the top of the bottom box for storing the columns.

[0023] Preferably, the inner side of the box lid is magnetically connected to an inverted U-shaped frame, the back of the inverted U-shaped frame is provided with a blackout curtain, and one end of the blackout curtain is connected to the inner wall of the box lid, and a shielding shell is fastened inside the box lid by snaps, and the shielding shell is used to block the stored blackout curtain, and both sides of the inner side of the top of the bottom box are provided with limiting sockets corresponding to the two ends of the inverted U-shaped frame. After the inverted U-shaped frame is pulled out, it is inserted into the limiting sockets so that the blackout curtain blocks external light on both sides and the top.

[0024] The present invention also discloses a detection method based on an aerospace metal material defect detection device, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0025] S1. Material clamping: Clamp the aerospace metal material samples to be tested for surface defects on the multifunctional fixture in different installation methods according to their types;

[0026] S2. Start the test: First, start the program on the computer to control the movement of the material holding table carrying the multifunctional fixture and the material sample thereon, so that the material sample passes through the scanning area of ​​the optical scanner, and the acquired scan data is transmitted to the computer for display;

[0027] S3. Image analysis: Process the scanned data, obtain the scanned data of the material sample surface, and analyze the degree and area of ​​surface defects.

[0028] The present invention provides an aerospace metal material defect detection device and method. Compared with the prior art, it has the following advantages:

[0029] 1. This aerospace metal material defect detection device sets a multifunctional fixture based on the existing 3D optical scanner. Compared with the current solution of placing the sample directly on the test table, it can prevent some samples with curved surfaces, such as those with curved surfaces, from being unable to be placed stably during movement through stable clamping, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the test results. In addition, the multifunctional fixture can adjust the clamping method without changing the fixture to clamp samples of different types of materials. It can even bend flat plate samples for testing. At this time, the defects of the bent surface will be magnified. If the material quality is unqualified, new defects will appear. Therefore, it will be easier and more accurate to judge the quality of the material, ensuring the strict quality requirements of aerospace metal materials. In addition, it is simple to operate, multi-purpose, and easy to use.

[0030] 2. The aerospace metal material defect detection device adopts a double V-shaped clamping method, and is also provided with clamping grooves and right-angle clamping grooves of different shapes. It can clamp cylindrical, spherical, square, sheet and other related material samples well. The clamp itself can also be deflected up and down, and the base can be pushed upward from the middle, thereby achieving the effect of pushing and squeezing the sheet sample while bending. It is easy to operate, and the base is controlled pneumatically, which is convenient for pushing from below without manual operation. After the base is retracted, it can provide normal support and can be elastically extended and retracted. It does not affect the clamping and installation of concave sheet samples, which is practical and convenient.

[0031] 3. The aerospace metal material defect detection device adopts a double V-shaped clamping method, and is also provided with clamping grooves and right-angle clamping grooves of different shapes. It can clamp cylindrical, spherical, square, sheet and other related material samples well. The clamp itself can also be deflected up and down, and the base can be pushed upward from the middle, thereby achieving the effect of pushing and squeezing the sheet sample while bending. It is easy to operate, and the base is controlled pneumatically, which is convenient for pushing from below without manual operation. After the base is retracted, it can provide normal support and can be elastically extended and retracted. It does not affect the clamping and installation of concave sheet samples. It is practical and convenient.

[0032] 4. The aerospace metal material defect detection device is equipped with a retractable blackout curtain on the box cover. If there is a strong light source nearby in the use environment, such as strong sunlight above when used outdoors, or strong light above when used indoors, the blackout curtain can be pulled out to block the interference of external strong light on the optical scanner light, thereby improving the detection accuracy to a certain extent. When not in use, the blackout curtain can be directly retracted and a shielding shell that is easy to disassemble and install can be used to block the blackout curtain, which can maintain the aesthetics of the equipment and prevent the blackout curtain from spreading out at will. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a state of the multifunctional clamp of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the second state of the multifunctional clamp of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4 An exploded view of the multifunctional clamp of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 5 An exploded view of the clamp of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the lower splint of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the multifunctional clamp of the present invention clamping a block sample;

[0040] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the multifunctional clamp of the present invention clamping the four sides of a plate sample;

[0041] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the multifunctional clamp of the present invention clamping the four corners of a plate sample;

[0042] Figure 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the base of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 11 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the bottom box of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 12 A schematic diagram of the material holding platform and the positioning groove on the bottom plate of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 13 It is an exploded view of the box cover of the present invention.

[0046] In the figure: 1-instrument box, 11-bottom box, 12-box cover, 13-storage sponge, 14-guide groove, 15-dustproof isolation box, 16-driving screw, 17-servo motor, 18-second gear set, 19-dustproof frame, 110-fixed seat, 111-placement seat, 112-inverted U-shaped frame, 113-light-shielding curtain, 114-snap button, 115-shielding shell, 116-limiting sleeve;

[0047] 2- Optical scanner;

[0048] 3-Material holding table, 31-Positioning slot;

[0049] 4-Multi-function fixture, 41-Base plate, 42-Base; 421-Outer sleeve, 422-Sealing pad, 423-Inner sleeve, 424-Ball head push sleeve, 425-Bottom cover, 426-Sealing ring, 427-Spring, 43-Clamp, 431-Bracket, 432-Lower splint, 433-Pin shaft, 434-Upper splint, 435-Reinforcement pin, 436-Light absorbing strip, 437-Rubber pad, 438-Right angle clamping groove, 439-Flat clamping groove, 4310-Gear shaping, 4311-Slot, 4312-Insertion block, 4313-Long slot, 44-End plate, 45-Side plate, 46-Location pin, 47-Connecting shaft, 48-Screw rod, 49-First gear set, 410-Crank handle, 411-Support frame, 412-Transmission part, 413-Air nozzle;

[0050] 5- pillar;

[0051] 6-Mounting bracket. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0053] The present invention discloses an aerospace metal material defect detection device and provides the following four technical solutions:

[0054] Figure 1-Figure 3 and Figure 7-Figure 9 The first embodiment is shown: comprising a scanning instrument and a computer, wherein the scanning instrument scans the surface of an aerospace metal material and transmits the data to the computer for display, and the scanning instrument comprises:

[0055] The instrument box 1 has an operation panel installed inside and a light shielding structure is also provided inside the instrument box 1;

[0056] The optical scanner 2 is mounted in the instrument box 1 via a bracket;

[0057] The material holding table 3 is arranged below the optical scanner 2;

[0058] The multifunctional fixture 4 is placed on the material holding platform 3 and is used to clamp the material to be tested. The material holding platform 3 drives the material to be tested through the multifunctional fixture 4 to limit the slippage of the material to be tested. The multifunctional fixture 4 has the function of clamping block materials and plate materials, and the multifunctional fixture 4 supports bending testing of plate materials;

[0059] The multifunctional fixture 4 consists of a frame and a fixture 43 on it that is driven to move synchronously in opposite directions, and the fixture 43 integrates multiple types of clamping positions. A base 42 supporting the material to be tested is set in the center of the frame, and the base 42 pushes up the center of the panel material when the panel material is subjected to bending testing.

[0060] By setting up a multifunctional fixture 4 based on the existing 3D optical scanner, compared with the current solution of placing the sample directly on the test table, it can avoid some samples with curved surfaces, such as those that cannot be placed stably during movement, through stable clamping, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the test results. In addition, the multifunctional fixture 4 can adjust the clamping method without changing the fixture to clamp samples of different types of materials, and can even bend flat plate samples for testing. At this time, the defects of the bent surface will be magnified, and new defects will appear if the material quality is unqualified. Therefore, it will be easier and more accurate to judge the quality of the material, ensuring the strict requirements of the quality of aerospace metal materials. In addition, it is simple to operate, multi-purpose, and easy to use.

[0061] Figure 2-Figure 10The second embodiment is shown, the main difference from the first embodiment is that: the frame includes a bottom plate 41 and end plates 44 fixed at both ends of its top, the two sides of the end plates 44 are bent inward to form side plates 45, the side plates 45 are used to support the two sides of the bracket 431, and a positioning pin 46 is provided at the bottom of the side plates 45 to be inserted into the bottom plate 41. The middle of the bottom plate 41 is arched to install the base 42, and a connecting shaft 47 is passed through the arched part of the bottom plate 41 horizontally. Screw rods 48 are rotatably connected between the two sides of the base 42 and the end plates 44 on both sides, and the threads of the two screw rods 48 are reversed to drive the two sets of clamps 43 to move relative to each other. The two ends of the connecting shaft 47 are respectively connected to the two screw rods 48 through a transmission member 412, and one end of the connecting shaft 47 passes through one side end plate 44 and is connected to a crank 410 through a first gear set 49. The first gear set 49 is used to lift the crank 410 for easy shaking, and a support frame 411 supporting the crank 410 is installed on the side of the end plate 44.

[0062] The fixture 43 includes:

[0063] The bracket 431, the bottom of which is threadedly connected to the outside of the screw rod 48 through a threaded sleeve;

[0064] The lower clamping plate 432 has two sides at the bottom that are rotatably connected to the two sides of the threaded sleeve through the pins 433;

[0065] The upper clamping plate 434 is fixedly connected to the top of the upper clamping plate 434 by bolts. The upper clamping plate 434 and the upper clamping plate 434 are connected by a reinforcing pin 435 on one side of the bolt. The inner side of the top of the upper clamping plate 434 has a light absorbing strip 436. The light absorbing strip 436 absorbs the laser light of the optical scanner 2 and reduces the reflected light to frame the detection area in the image;

[0066] The rubber pad 437 is placed between the lower clamping plate 432 and the upper clamping plate 434 to flexibly compress the panel material when in use;

[0067] The lower clamping plate 432, the upper clamping plate 434 and the bracket 431 are all in a right-angled V-shape to clamp square block materials. The opposite surfaces of the lower clamping plate 432 and the upper clamping plate 434 are provided with right-angled clamping grooves 438 to clamp the plate material at a right angle. The ends of the opposite surfaces of the lower clamping plate 432 and the upper clamping plate 434 are provided with flat clamping grooves 439 flush with the right-angled clamping grooves 438 for clamping the side of the plate material. The opposite side of the lower clamping plate 432 and the upper clamping plate 434 and the outside of the right-angled clamping grooves 438 are provided with mutually engaged splines 4310. The staggered splines 4310 are used so that when the lower clamping plate 432 and the upper clamping plate 434 are separated, the side splines 4310 will not be completely separated, thereby maintaining the abutment effect on the side of the sample.

[0068] Slots 4311 are provided at the bottom of both ends of the lower clamping plate 432, and plug-in blocks 4312 adapted to the slots 4311 are provided at the top of both ends of the bracket 431. Long grooves 4313 corresponding to the pin shaft 433 are provided on both sides of the threaded sleeve. The pin shaft 433 can slide in the long groove 4313 to connect or separate the plug-in blocks 4312 from the slots 4311. The clamp 43 clamps the plate material and separates the plug-in blocks 4312 from the slots 4311 before bending to allow the lower clamping plate 432 and the upper clamping plate 434 to deflect upward.

[0069] The base 42 includes an outer sleeve 421 fixed to the top of the bottom plate 41 by bolts, and a sealing gasket 422 is pressed between the outer sleeve 421 and the bottom plate 41. The inner sleeve 423 is provided with an inner sleeve 423 for longitudinal sliding inside. The inner sleeve 423 is provided with a ball head push sleeve 424 for sliding inside. The ball head push sleeve 424 slides up and can extend out of the inner sleeve 423. The top of the inner sleeve 423 is provided with an inner edge that limits the ball head push sleeve 424 from sliding out completely. The bottom of the sleeve 423 is fixedly connected to a bottom cover 425, and the outer sides of the bottom cover 425 and the ball head push sleeve 424 are both provided with sealing rings 426. A spring 427 is abutted between the bottom cover 425 and the bottom plate 41, and a through hole is opened in the center of the bottom cover 425. The bottom of the bottom plate 41 is connected to an air nozzle 413, and the air nozzle 413 is connected to the air pump through a pipeline. The air is drawn into the outer seat 421 to control the downward or upward movement of the inner sleeve 423 and the ball head push sleeve 424.

[0070] The clamp 43 adopts a double V-shaped clamping method, and is also provided with clamping grooves of different shapes (flat clamping groove 439 and right-angle clamping groove 438). It can clamp cylindrical, spherical, square, sheet and other related material samples well. The clamp 43 itself can also be deflected at up and down angles, and the base 42 can be pushed upward from the middle, thereby achieving the effect of pushing and squeezing the sheet sample while bending. It is easy to operate, and the base 42 is controlled pneumatically, which is convenient for pushing from below without manual operation. After the base 42 is retracted, it can provide normal support and can be elastically extended and retracted. It does not affect the clamping and installation of concave sheet samples. It is practical and convenient.

[0071] Figure 1 and Figure 11-12The third embodiment is shown, which mainly differs from the first embodiment in that: the instrument box 1 is composed of a bottom box 11 and a box cover 12 hinged to the rear side thereof by a hinge, the box cover 12 is hung on the front side of the bottom box 11 by a buckle, a storage sponge 13 is provided on the right side of the bottom box 11, and a storage slot for accommodating the optical scanner 2 and the multi-function clamp 4 is provided in the storage sponge 13, a guide slot 14 is provided on the top of the bottom box 11 and below the material holding table 3, a dustproof isolation box 15 is fixedly connected to the bottom box 11 and below the guide slot 14, a driving screw 16 is rotatably connected to the inside of the dustproof isolation box 15, a servo motor 17 is fixedly connected to one end of the driving screw 16 inside the bottom box 11, and the servo motor The output shaft 17 is meshed with one end of the driving screw 16 through the second gear set 18 for transmission. The second gear set 18 is used to lower the servo motor 17 to ensure that the servo motor 17 has sufficient installation space. The bottom of the material holding table 3 is threadedly connected to the driving screw 16 through a threaded seat that passes through the guide groove 14. A dustproof frame 19 is engaged with the guide groove 14, and bristles are densely arranged on both sides of the inner side of the dustproof frame 19. Positioning grooves 31 are correspondingly provided at the bottom of the base plate 41 and the top of the material holding table 3. When the base plate 41 is placed on the top of the material holding table 3, the mutual engagement of the positioning grooves 31 is used to limit the slippage of the base plate 41. For materials with a flat bottom surface and no clamping requirement, they can be placed directly on the material holding table 3 without using the multi-function clamp 4.

[0072] Two sets of fixing seats 110 are fixedly connected to the top of the bottom box 11 and on the left side of the guide groove 14. The bracket consists of two columns 5 and a mounting frame 6. The columns 5 are inserted into the fixing seats 110 when in use. The mounting frame 6 is sleeved between the top ends of the two columns 5 and tightened by bolts. The optical scanner 2 is fixedly installed on the mounting frame 6. Two sets of placement seats 111 are fixedly connected to the front side of the top of the bottom box 11 for storing the columns 5.

[0073] The entire device is arranged in the form of a suitcase, which is easy to carry, and a storage sponge 13 for storing the optical scanner 2 and the multi-functional clamp 4 and a storage seat 111 for storing the column 5 are also provided inside, so that the various parts of the device can be disassembled and stored separately for archiving when not in use, which plays a protective role and does not affect the closure of the box body, and the overall assembly is also relatively convenient; the material holding table 3 is driven by a driving screw 16 hidden in the bottom box 11, and the guide groove 14 for the movement of the material holding table 3 is opened on the top of the bottom box 11. A dustproof isolation box 15 is provided at the bottom to hold it, and a dustproof frame 19 is provided on the top. On the one hand, bristles are used on the top to reduce the entry of impurities without affecting the movement of the material holding table 3. On the other hand, even if impurities enter, the dustproof frame 19 can be removed to directly clean the impurities in the dustproof isolation box 15, which can prevent dust from entering the electrical component space inside the bottom box 11, reducing the equipment failure rate and facilitating cleaning.

[0074] Figure 1 and Figure 13 The fourth embodiment is shown, and its main difference from the first embodiment is that: the inner side of the box cover 12 is magnetically connected to an inverted U-shaped frame 112, and the inverted U-shaped frame 112 can also be fixed by a snap-fit ​​method such as a protrusion. A shading curtain 113 is provided on the back of the inverted U-shaped frame 112, and one end of the shading curtain 113 is connected to the inner wall of the box cover 12. A shielding shell 115 is fastened to the box cover 12 through a snap 114. The snap 114 can also be replaced by a Velcro, a magnetic buckle or other equivalent connector. The shielding shell 115 is a plastic soft shell, and the shielding shell 115 is used to block the stored shading curtain 113. Both sides of the inner side of the top of the bottom box 11 are provided with limiting sleeves 116 corresponding to the two ends of the inverted U-shaped frame 112. After the inverted U-shaped frame 112 is pulled out, it is inserted into the limiting sleeve 116 so that the shading curtain 113 blocks external light on both sides and the top.

[0075] By arranging a pull-out and retractable blackout curtain 113 on the box cover 12, if there is a strong light source nearby in the use environment, for example, there is strong sunlight above when used outdoors, and there is strong light above when used indoors, the blackout curtain 113 can be pulled out to block the interference of the external strong light on the light of the optical scanner 2, thereby improving the detection accuracy to a certain extent. When not in use, the blackout curtain 113 can be directly retracted, and the blackout curtain 113 can be blocked by a shielding shell 115 that is easy to disassemble and install, so as to maintain the aesthetics of the equipment and prevent the blackout curtain 113 from being scattered at will.

[0076] The present invention also discloses a detection method based on an aerospace metal material defect detection device, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0077] S1. Material clamping: The aerospace metal material samples to be tested for surface defects are clamped on the multifunctional fixture 4 in different installation methods according to their types, such as:

[0078] For block samples, place them directly inside the right-angled V-shaped fixture 43. Then manually crank the crank 410, which drives the connecting shaft 47 through the first gear set 49, and drives the screw 48 through the transmission member 412, so that the fixtures 43 on both sides move toward the middle until the sample is clamped.

[0079] For plate-type samples or samples with sheet edges, after loosening the bolts to separate the upper clamping plate 434 and the lower clamping plate 432, you can choose to insert the sample at a right angle into the right-angle clamping groove 438, or insert the side of the sample into the flat clamping groove 439. The sample is padded with rubber pads 437 on the top and bottom for protection. After controlling the clamps 43 on both sides to close and clamp the sample, tighten the bolts to press the upper clamping plate 434 and the lower clamping plate 432 against the sample.

[0080] If the plate sample needs to be tested for surface deformation after bending, the air pump is started to inflate and pressurize the outer sleeve 421 when the clamps 43 are closed. The air pushes the ball head to push the sleeve 424, causing it to push the center of the sample. The sample is bent in conjunction with the closing force of the clamps 43 on both sides.

[0081] S2. Start the test: First, start the program on the computer, control the servo motor 17 to drive the driving screw 16 to rotate through the second gear set 18, and then use the thread to push the material holding table 3 carrying the multifunctional clamp 4 and the material sample thereon to move, so that the material sample passes through the scanning area of ​​the optical scanner 2, and the acquired scan data is transmitted to the computer for display; if there is a strong light source above, pull out the inverted U-shaped frame 112 and insert it into the limiting plug sleeve 116, so that the light-shielding curtain 113 covers the entire detection area; when retracting the light-shielding curtain 113, first remove the shielding shell 115, then retract the light-shielding curtain 113 and the inverted U-shaped frame 112, and then buckle the shielding shell 115 to cover it;

[0082] S3. Image analysis: Process the scanned data, obtain the scanned data of the material sample surface, and analyze the degree and area of ​​surface defects.

[0083] Meanwhile, the contents not described in detail in this specification belong to the prior art known to those skilled in the art.

[0084] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, etc., are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that includes a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0085] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An aerospace metal material defect detection device, comprising a scanning instrument and a computer, wherein the scanning instrument scans the surface of the aerospace metal material and transmits the data to the computer for display, characterized in that: The scanning instrument comprises: An instrument box with an operation panel installed inside and a light-shielding structure provided inside the instrument box; An optical scanner is installed in the instrument box through a bracket; A material holding table is provided below the optical scanner; A multifunctional fixture is placed on a material holding platform to clamp the material to be tested. The material holding platform drives the material to be tested to move through the multifunctional fixture to limit the slippage of the material to be tested. The multifunctional fixture has the function of clamping block materials and plate materials, and the multifunctional fixture supports bending testing of plate materials; The multifunctional fixture consists of a frame and a fixture on it that is synchronously driven to move, and the fixture integrates multiple types of clamping positions. A base supporting the material to be tested is set in the center of the frame, and the base pushes up the center of the plate material when the plate material is bent; The fixture comprises: The bracket, the bottom of which is threadedly connected to the outside of the screw rod through a threaded sleeve; The lower splint, both sides of the bottom are rotatably connected to the two sides of the threaded sleeve through pins; The upper clamping plate is fixedly connected to the top of the upper clamping plate by bolts. The upper clamping plate and the upper clamping plate are connected by a reinforcing pin located on one side of the bolt. The inner side of the top of the upper clamping plate has a light absorbing strip. The light absorbing strip absorbs the laser of the optical scanner and reduces the reflected light to frame the detection area in the image; The rubber pad is placed between the lower and upper splints to flexibly compress the panel material when in use; The lower clamping plate, the upper clamping plate and the bracket are all in a right-angle V-shape to clamp square block materials. The opposite surfaces of the lower clamping plate and the upper clamping plate are provided with right-angle clamping grooves to clamp the plate materials at right angles. The ends of the opposite surfaces of the lower clamping plate and the upper clamping plate are provided with flat clamping grooves flush with the right-angle clamping grooves for clamping the side edges of the plate materials. The opposite sides of the lower clamping plate and the upper clamping plate and located on the outside of the right-angle clamping grooves are provided with mutually engaging splines. Slots are provided at the bottoms of both ends of the lower splint, and plug-in blocks adapted to the slots are provided at the tops of both ends of the bracket. Long slots corresponding to the pin shaft are provided on both sides of the threaded sleeve, and the pin shaft can slide in the long slot to connect or separate the plug-in blocks from the slots. The clamp clamps the plate material and separates the plug-in blocks from the slots before bending to allow the lower splint and the upper splint to deflect upward.

2. The aerospace metal material defect detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cam is secured to the chassis and has two camshafts secured thereto, each of which is secured to a position at least one of the chassis's two ends. The cams are secured to the chassis' two ends by a spring which is secured to the chassis' two ends. The cams are secured to the chassis' two ends by a spring which is secured to the chassis' two ends.

3. The aerospace metal material defect detection device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The base includes an outer sleeve fixed to the top of the base plate by bolts, and a sealing gasket is pressed between the outer sleeve and the base plate, an inner sleeve is provided for longitudinal sliding inside the outer sleeve, and a ball head push sleeve is provided for sliding inside the inner sleeve, the ball head push sleeve can slide out of the inner sleeve, and an inner edge is provided on the top of the inner sleeve to limit the ball head push sleeve from sliding out completely, the bottom of the inner sleeve is fixedly connected to a bottom cover, the outer sides of the bottom cover and the ball head push sleeve are both provided with sealing rings, a spring is abutted between the bottom cover and the base plate, and a through hole is opened in the center of the bottom cover, the bottom of the base plate is connected to an air nozzle, the air nozzle is connected to an air pump through a pipeline, and the inner sleeve and the ball head push sleeve are controlled to slide down or move up by pumping air into the outer sleeve.

4. The aerospace metal material defect detection device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The instrument box consists of a bottom box and a box cover hinged to the rear side by a hinge, and the box cover is hung on the front side of the bottom box by a buckle, a storage sponge is provided on the right side inside the bottom box, and a storage slot for accommodating an optical scanner and a multi-function clamp is provided in the storage sponge, a guide groove is provided at the top of the bottom box and under the material holding platform, a dustproof isolation box is fixedly connected inside the bottom box and under the guide groove, and the dustproof isolation box is rotatably connected to the inside of the dustproof isolation box, and a servo motor is fixedly connected to one end of the driving screw inside the bottom box and located, and the output shaft of the servo motor is meshed with one end of the driving screw through a second gear set for transmission, the bottom of the material holding platform is threadedly connected to the driving screw through a threaded seat passing through the guide groove, a dustproof frame is engaged with the guide groove, and bristles are densely arranged on both sides of the inner side of the dustproof frame, and positioning grooves are correspondingly provided at the bottom of the bottom plate and the top of the material holding platform. When the bottom plate is placed on the top of the material holding platform, the mutual engagement of the positioning grooves is used to limit the slippage of the bottom plate.

5. The aerospace metal material defect detection device according to claim 4, characterized in that: Two sets of fixing seats are fixedly connected to the top of the bottom box and on the left side of the guide groove. The bracket consists of two columns and a mounting bracket. The columns are inserted into the fixing seats when in use. The mounting bracket is sleeved between the top ends of the two columns and tightened by bolts. The optical scanner is fixedly installed on the mounting bracket. Two sets of placement seats are fixedly connected to the front side of the top of the bottom box for storing the columns.

6. The aerospace metal material defect detection device according to claim 4, characterized in that: An inverted U-shaped frame is magnetically connected to the inner side of the box lid, a blackout curtain is provided on the back side of the inverted U-shaped frame, and one end of the blackout curtain is connected to the inner wall of the box lid, a shielding shell is fastened in the box lid by snaps, and the shielding shell is used to shield the stored blackout curtain, and both sides of the inner side of the top of the bottom box are provided with limiting sockets corresponding to the two ends of the inverted U-shaped frame, and the inverted U-shaped frame is pulled out and inserted into the limiting sockets so that the blackout curtain blocks external light on both sides and the top.

7. A detection method based on the aerospace metal material defect detection device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The specific steps include: S1. Material clamping: Clamp the aerospace metal material samples to be tested for surface defects on the multifunctional fixture in different installation methods according to their types; S2. Start the test: First, start the program on the computer to control the movement of the material holding table carrying the multifunctional fixture and the material sample thereon, so that the material sample passes through the scanning area of ​​the optical scanner, and the acquired scan data is transmitted to the computer for display; S3. Image analysis: Process the scanned data, obtain the scanned data of the material sample surface, and analyze the degree and area of ​​surface defects.

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