Quantitative measurement and calculation system and method for grassland vegetation ecological water demand based on evapotranspiration

Abstract

The invention discloses an evapotranspiration-based quantitative measurement and calculation system and method for grassland vegetation ecological water demand. The quantitative measurement and calculation system comprises a fence which is at least used for delineating the turf of a to-be-measured area and isolating the turf from the surrounding environment, and the fence is internally provided with a working space defined by the fence; the water storage and supply module is arranged in the working space and divides the working space into a first space and a second space, the second space is arranged above the first space in the longitudinal direction of the working space, and a water storage part of the water storage and supply module is arranged in the first space; the second space is used for containing the to-be-detected turf, the turf comprises grassland vegetation and soil for cultivating the grassland vegetation, and the water storage and supply module is used for storing water and continuously conveying the water stored by the water storage and supply module to the soil of the turf; and the water consumption monitoring module is at least used for monitoring the variation of water in the water storage and supply module.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention particularly relates to a quantitative measurement system and method for grassland vegetation ecological water demand based on evapotranspiration, belonging to the technical field of quantitative determination of water demand of vegetation ecosystem. Background Art

[0002] Grassland is a type of land dominated by herbs and shrubs, suitable for the development of animal husbandry. It has unique ecological functions and is a renewable natural resource. Grassland not only provides habitats for animals, but also plays an important role in environmental protection, such as absorbing carbon dioxide, producing oxygen, preventing soil erosion, and keeping water sources clean.

[0003] CN114894971A discloses a quantitative calculation system for the ecological water demand of forest vegetation based on evapotranspiration, which can realize convenient measurement of vegetation coefficient and obtain potential evapotranspiration of forest vegetation at the same time, so that vegetation coefficient and potential evapotranspiration correspond to each other, and improve the accuracy of different vegetation water demand calculation. Compared with the vegetation on the forest, the root system of herbs and shrubs on the grassland is generally shorter, and in order to calculate the ecological water demand of forest vegetation, the existing technology needs to coil the root system of vegetation in the water tank, so as to facilitate the root system of vegetation to absorb water, but the root system of herbs and shrubs on the grassland is shorter and cannot be put into the water tank, so it is difficult to complete the calculation of the ecological water demand of grassland vegetation; moreover, when breaking the soil at the designated position, the existing technology manually digs the soil, which is easy to damage the root system of vegetation at the designated position, thereby affecting the subsequent calculation of the ecological water demand of grassland vegetation. Therefore, we need a quantitative calculation system for the ecological water demand of grassland vegetation based on evapotranspiration. Summary of the invention

[0004] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a quantitative measurement system and method for grassland vegetation ecological water demand based on evapotranspiration, thereby overcoming the deficiencies in the prior art.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned invention object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention includes:

[0006] A first aspect of an embodiment of the present invention provides a quantitative calculation system for grassland vegetation ecological water demand based on evapotranspiration, which includes:

[0007] The enclosure is used to at least enclose the grass in the area to be tested and isolate the grass from the surrounding environment, and the enclosure has a working space formed by the enclosure itself;

[0008] A water storage and supply module is arranged in the working space, the water storage and supply module divides the working space into a first space and a second space, the second space is arranged above the first space along the longitudinal direction of the working space, the water storage part of the water storage and supply module is arranged in the first space, the second space is used to accommodate the turf to be tested, the turf includes turf vegetation and soil for cultivating the turf vegetation, and the water storage and supply module is used to store water and continuously transport the stored water to the soil of the turf;

[0009] The water consumption monitoring module is at least used to monitor the change in the water volume in the water storage and supply module.

[0010] In a more specific embodiment, the water storage and supply module includes a water tank and a water delivery structure. The water tank serves as the water storage part of the water storage and supply module. A part of the water delivery structure is arranged in the water tank and immersed in water, and the other part extends into the soil of the turf. The water delivery structure is used to transport the water in the water tank to the soil of the turf.

[0011] Furthermore, the top cover of the water storage tank serves as a partition separating the first space and the second space, and the top cover is also used to support the turf, and another part of the water delivery structure passes through the top cover and extends into the soil of the turf;

[0012] Furthermore, the water delivery structure includes a plurality of water diversion mechanisms with capillary action, and the plurality of water diversion mechanisms are distributed at intervals, a portion of the water diversion mechanism is immersed in the water in the water tank, and another portion passes through the top cover and extends to the soil of the turf, and the water diversion mechanism transports water to the soil through its own capillary action.

[0013] Furthermore, the water diversion mechanism is a rope-like mechanism formed by weaving fibers with capillary action.

[0014] Furthermore, the water diversion mechanism includes a cotton rope.

[0015] Furthermore, the top cover also has a water-permeable structure that allows water vapor in the water storage tank to pass through while blocking the penetration of solid soil particles.

[0016] Furthermore, the water-permeable structure includes a plurality of water-permeable mesh holes distributed on the top cover.

[0017] Furthermore, the top cover as a whole is a mesh structure.

[0018] Furthermore, the top cover is a filter screen cover.

[0019] Furthermore, the water tank is detachably mounted on the enclosure.

[0020] Furthermore, the water tank is connected to the enclosure via a first clamping structure.

[0021] Furthermore, a card slot is provided on one of the water tank and the enclosure, and a first card block is provided on the other, or a card slot and a first card block are provided on both the water tank and the enclosure, and the first card block on one of the water tank and the enclosure is inserted into the card slot to form the first card connection structure.

[0022] Further, the extending direction of the card slot is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the enclosure, the card slot and the first card block are movably matched in the longitudinal direction of the enclosure, the first card block can be inserted into the card slot or removed from the card slot in the longitudinal direction of the enclosure, and the first card block is fixedly matched with the card slot in the transverse direction of the enclosure.

[0023] Furthermore, the card slot and the first card block are both T-shaped structures.

[0024] In a more specific implementation scheme, the water consumption monitoring module includes a liquid level sensor and a data terminal, the liquid level sensor is signal-connected to the data terminal, the liquid level sensor is arranged inside the water tank, the liquid level sensor is at least used to monitor the liquid level height in the water tank, and the data terminal is at least used to calculate the change in water in the water tank based on the area of ​​the radial cross-section of the water tank and the liquid level height obtained by the liquid level sensor.

[0025] Furthermore, the water consumption monitoring module also includes a signal transmitter, which is connected to the liquid level sensor and is used to transmit signals between the liquid level sensor and the data terminal.

[0026] In a more specific embodiment, the enclosure includes at least two enclosures, and at least two of the enclosures are fixedly connected end to end to form an annular enclosure. Exemplarily, the enclosure may include two right-angled enclosures. It should be noted that the enclosure as a whole is an annular structure. When two right-angled enclosures are fixedly connected to form the enclosure, the enclosure as a whole is a rectangular structure. It is understandable that the two enclosures that make up the enclosure can of course also be other shapes. For example, the two enclosures can also be C-shaped, U-shaped, V-shaped structures, etc., or one of the two enclosures is C-shaped and the other is a flat plate. Accordingly, the radial cross-sectional shape of the enclosure as a whole can also be circular, rhombus-shaped, and other regular or irregular shapes, etc. In the following embodiments, a rectangular enclosure will be taken as an example to illustrate its structure.

[0027] Further, the enclosure is a telescopic structure that can be extended and retracted along a first direction. Specifically, the enclosure includes at least one fixed enclosure and at least one movable enclosure. The at least one fixed enclosure and at least one movable enclosure are sequentially arranged along the first direction and movably matched. The fixed enclosure and the movable enclosure can move relative to each other along the first direction, so that the length of the enclosure in the first direction can be adjusted. The first direction is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the enclosure. Exemplarily, each enclosure includes a fixed enclosure and two movable enclosures. The fixed enclosure is a right-angle enclosure. The two fixed enclosures are respectively arranged at the two ends of the fixed enclosure. The movable enclosures of the two enclosures are fixedly connected.

[0028] Furthermore, a slide groove extending along the first direction is arranged inside the fixed enclosure, a part of the movable enclosure is arranged in the slide groove, and another part is exposed from the slide groove, and the movable enclosure is movably cooperated with the fixed enclosure through the slide groove.

[0029] Furthermore, a limit groove extending along the first direction is also provided on the surface of the fixed enclosure, and the limit groove is connected to the sliding groove. In addition, a limit block is also provided on the movable enclosure, and the limit block is arranged in the limit groove. The limit block and the limit groove are configured as a limiting structure to limit the relative movement distance of the fixed enclosure and the movable enclosure in the first direction.

[0030] In a more specific embodiment, the enclosure also includes a tensioning mechanism, which is in transmission cooperation with the movable enclosure panels of at least two enclosure panels, and the tensioning mechanism is at least used to drive the movable enclosure panels to move along the first direction to change the width of the working space formed by the enclosure in the first direction.

[0031] Furthermore, the tensioning mechanism includes a bidirectional screw and two cross beams, the two cross beams are spaced apart along the first direction, the two cross beams are respectively fixedly connected to the two enclosures, the bidirectional screw is threadedly connected to the two cross beams, and when the bidirectional screw rotates around its own axis, the two cross beams drive the two enclosures fixed thereto to move toward or in opposite directions.

[0032] In a more specific implementation scheme, the quantitative measurement system of grassland vegetation ecological water demand based on evapotranspiration also includes: a rainwater collection module, which is fixedly mounted on the enclosure, and is arranged outside the working space, and is at least used to collect rainwater and transport the collected rainwater to the water storage and supply module.

[0033] Furthermore, the rainwater collection module is arranged on the periphery of the top of the enclosure.

[0034] Furthermore, the rainwater collection module includes an uncovered water storage tank and a pipe assembly, the water storage tank is connected to the water storage tank via the pipe assembly, and a solenoid valve is provided on the pipe assembly.

[0035] Furthermore, a filter plate and a baffle are also provided in the water tank, and the filter plate, the baffle and the water tank enclose a closed filter chamber, and the filter chamber is connected to the water storage chamber in the water tank through the filter holes on the filter plate, and the pipeline assembly is directly connected to the filter chamber.

[0036] Furthermore, the top of the water storage tank is also covered with a barrier gauze.

[0037] Furthermore, the water tank is an annular box body surrounding the outer periphery of the top of the enclosure.

[0038] Furthermore, the water tank is detachably mounted on the enclosure.

[0039] Furthermore, the water tank is connected to the enclosure via a second clamping structure.

[0040] Further, the second clamping structure includes a second clamping block, a clamping hole and an elastic member, the water storage tank is provided with a positioning hole, at least a part of the elastic member is arranged in the positioning hole, one end of the elastic member is fixedly connected to the water storage tank, and the other end is fixedly connected to the second clamping block, the clamping hole is provided on the enclosure, and the second clamping block is correspondingly clamped in the clamping hole. Exemplarily, the elastic member can be a spring or the like.

[0041] Furthermore, the second clamping block has a first surface and a second surface which are arranged back to back along the longitudinal direction of the enclosure, the first surface has a step structure, and the second surface is an arcuate surface, the step structure is used to restrict each other with the clamping hole to restrict the second clamping block and the clamping hole from producing relative movement along the longitudinal direction of the enclosure, and the arcuate surface serves as a guiding surface for the second clamping block and the clamping hole to produce relative movement along the longitudinal direction of the enclosure, when the second clamping block is subjected to an external force applied along the longitudinal direction of the enclosure, the lateral component of the external force will compress the spring and cause the second clamping block to escape from the clamping hole.

[0042] In a more specific implementation scheme, the quantitative measurement system for the ecological water demand of grassland vegetation based on evapotranspiration also includes: a photovoltaic power generation module, which is fixedly mounted on the enclosure, and the photovoltaic power generation module is electrically connected to the power-consuming mechanism of the quantitative measurement system, and is used to supply power to the power-consuming mechanism of the quantitative measurement system.

[0043] Furthermore, the photovoltaic power generation module is arranged on the top of the enclosure and distributed around the periphery of the enclosure.

[0044] Furthermore, the photovoltaic power generation modules are distributed around the periphery of the water tank.

[0045] Furthermore, the photovoltaic power generation module includes a solar cell panel.

[0046] A second aspect of an embodiment of the present invention provides a quantitative calculation method of grassland vegetation ecological water demand based on evapotranspiration, which includes:

[0047] Provide the quantitative calculation system of grassland vegetation ecological water demand based on evapotranspiration:

[0048] S1, using the fence to enclose the grass at a designated location, and shallowly inserting the fence into the enclosed grass surface, the area of ​​the grass enclosed by the fence is Sa;

[0049] S2, inserting the enclosure into the soil;

[0050] S3, peeling off the grassland and the soil in the area enclosed by the fence, and forming a pit at the peeling location;

[0051] S4, assembling a water storage and supply module into the working space in the enclosure, and transferring the stripped soil into the working space and covering the water storage and supply module;

[0052] S5, placing the enclosure together with the water storage and supply module into the pit left after the grass is stripped, and then filling the ground and making the enclosed grass flush with other grass;

[0053] S6, the water consumption monitoring module monitors the change in water in the water storage and supply module, and observes the change value of the liquid level sensor for three to five days. The change value of the liquid level sensor during this period is multiplied by the radial cross-sectional area of ​​the water tank to obtain the volume change of the water in the water tank. The volume change is the sum of the soil evaporation V, and the ecological water demand of the grassland vegetation is V / Sa. The grassland vegetation is sampled multiple times and the average value is taken.

[0054] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention include:

[0055] 1) A quantitative measurement system for the ecological water demand of grassland vegetation based on evapotranspiration is provided in an embodiment of the present invention. By arranging a rainwater collection mechanism and a pipeline assembly, the collected rainwater can be transported to a water tank. By arranging a filter mesh cover, soil can be effectively prevented from entering the water tank and polluting the water tank. By arranging multiple cotton ropes, the water in the water tank can be transported to the soil by the capillary principle, so that it can be absorbed by herbs and shrubs with short root systems, thereby simulating the natural evapotranspiration of grassland and achieving the function of balancing soil evapotranspiration and demand. Compared with the prior art, the present invention can be applicable to herbs and shrubs with short root systems, especially grassland, and effectively avoids the problem of being unable to measure the water demand of vegetation due to short root systems.

[0056] 2) A quantitative measurement system for the ecological water demand of grassland vegetation based on evapotranspiration is provided in an embodiment of the present invention. By setting a tensioning mechanism, the distance between the first strip rib and the second strip rib can be adjusted, and the first right-angle enclosure plate and the second right-angle enclosure plate are shallowly inserted into the enclosed grassland surface. The tensioning mechanism is used to increase the distance between the first strip rib and the second strip rib, so that the blade can be away from the root system of the grassland vegetation in the enclosed area, and then the buffer pad is hit with a hammer to break the soil layer with the blade, so that the first right-angle enclosure plate and the second right-angle enclosure plate are inserted into the soil, and then the tensioning mechanism is used to reduce the distance between the first strip rib and the second strip rib, so that the first right-angle enclosure plate and the second right-angle enclosure plate can be closed together, so that the enclosed grassland is connected to the underground soil and clamped together, and then the tensioning mechanism is pulled upward to peel the clamped soil and the enclosed grassland off the ground. Through the above operations, the root system of the grassland vegetation in the enclosed area can be effectively avoided from being damaged, so that the water demand measurement is not affected.

[0057] 3) A quantitative measurement system for the ecological water demand of grassland vegetation based on evapotranspiration is provided in an embodiment of the present invention. By setting a protrusion, a spring and a clamping block, the spring is used to apply elastic force to the clamping block, and the clamping block is matched with the clamping hole, so that the circular box can be fixed on the outside of the vegetation in the enclosed area. Rainwater can be collected by the circular box, which can not only increase the rainwater collection area and improve the water storage capacity, but also the circular box is set on the outside of the vegetation in the enclosed area, and the circular box is used to block insects and small organisms, which can also protect the vegetation in the enclosed area to a certain extent. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0058] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a quantitative measurement system for grassland vegetation ecological water demand based on evapotranspiration proposed in a typical implementation case of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 2 It is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of a water storage and supply module of a quantitative measurement system of grassland vegetation ecological water demand based on evapotranspiration provided in a typical implementation case of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure after the first right-angled enclosure and the second right-angled enclosure are unfolded in a quantitative measurement system of grassland vegetation ecological water demand based on evapotranspiration proposed in a typical implementation case of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a tensioning mechanism of a quantitative measurement system of grassland vegetation ecological water demand based on evapotranspiration proposed in a typical implementation case of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 5 for Figure 3 A is a schematic diagram of the enlarged structure;

[0063] Figure 6 It is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of a rainwater collection module after assembly of a quantitative measurement system of grassland vegetation ecological water demand based on evapotranspiration proposed in a typical implementation case of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 7 for Figure 6 Middle B is a schematic diagram of the enlarged structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0065] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the inventor of this case has proposed the technical solution of the present invention after long-term research and extensive practice. The technical solution, its implementation process and principle will be further explained as follows.

[0066] Example 1

[0067] See also Figure 1 , a quantitative measurement system for the ecological water demand of grassland vegetation based on evapotranspiration, comprising a fence, a water storage and supply module and a water consumption monitoring module, wherein the fence is at least used to enclose the turf in the area to be measured and isolate the turf from the surrounding environment, and the enclosure has a working space formed by itself; the water storage and supply module is arranged in the working space, and the water storage and supply module divides the working space into a first space and a second space, and the second space is arranged above the first space along the longitudinal direction of the working space, and the water storage part of the water storage and supply module is arranged in the first space, and the second space is used to accommodate the turf to be measured, the turf includes grassland vegetation and soil for cultivating the grassland vegetation, and the water storage and supply module is used to store water and continuously transport the stored water to the soil of the turf; the water consumption monitoring module is at least used to monitor the change in the water in the water storage and supply module.

[0068] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The enclosure specifically includes a first right-angled enclosure 1 and a second right-angled enclosure 2. The first right-angled enclosure 1 and the second right-angled enclosure 2 are fixedly connected at their ends by angle irons 3 to form a rectangular ring structure. The first right-angled enclosure 1 and the second right-angled enclosure 2 are enclosed to form a working space, a water storage and supply module 4, and the turf to be tested. It should be noted that the angle iron 3 can also be replaced by other connectors that can realize the fixed connection of two right-angled enclosures. The connector can be a bolt, etc. Of course, the two right-angled enclosures can also be fixed by directly gluing or welding materials.

[0069] In this example, see Figure 2The water storage and supply module 4 includes a water tank 10 and a plurality of cotton ropes 12. The water tank 10 is used as a water storage part and is arranged in the working space enclosed by the enclosure. The water tank 10 has a filter cover 11 that allows water vapor in the water tank to pass through and blocks solid soil particles from passing through. The filter cover 11 is used as the top cover of the water tank and is also used to carry the turf to be tested. The working space inside the enclosure is mainly divided into a first space and a second space by the filter cover 11 on the top of the water tank 10. A plurality of cotton ropes 12 are distributed at intervals, and each cotton rope 12 passes through the filter cover 11. A part of the cotton rope 12 is arranged inside the water tank 10 and immersed in the water inside the water tank 10, and the other part extends to the top of the filter cover 11 and is buried by the soil of the turf to be tested. On the one hand, the water vapor in the water tank 10 can directly penetrate into the soil of the turf to be tested through the filter cover 11, and on the other hand, the water in the water tank 10 is also transported to the soil of the turf to be tested through the capillary action of the cotton rope 12. Specifically, by setting the filter cover 11, it is possible to effectively prevent soil from entering the water tank 10 and causing pollution to the water tank 10. At the same time, the setting of the filter cover 11 can also allow the water vapor formed by evaporation in the water tank 10 to enter the soil. At the same time, by setting a plurality of cotton ropes 12, the water in the water tank 10 can be transported to the soil by the capillary principle, so that it can be absorbed by herbs and shrubs with short root systems, and the natural evaporation of the grassland can be simulated to achieve the function of balancing soil evaporation and demand. Compared with the prior art, the present invention can be applied to grassland vegetation such as herbs and shrubs with short root systems, especially herbs, and effectively avoids the problem that the water demand of vegetation cannot be calculated due to the short root system. In this embodiment, the filter cover 11 is fixed to the water tank body by a plurality of bolts and other fixings. In order to improve the sealing performance of the water tank 10, a sealing ring 15 and other structures can also be provided between the water tank body and the filter cover 11.

[0070] In this embodiment, the area of ​​the radial cross-section of the water tank 10 can be slightly smaller than the area of ​​the radial cross-section of the working space formed by the enclosure, that is, when the water tank 10 is placed in the working space of the enclosure, the gap between the side wall of the water tank and the inner wall of the working space of the enclosure is small, and the turf to be tested will not be stuck.

[0071] In this example, please refer again to Figure 2, the water tank 10 can be assembled and disassembled with the enclosure. Specifically, the inner walls of the first right-angle enclosure 1 and the second right-angle enclosure 2 facing the workspace are fixedly connected with two groups of mounting seats 22, and the two groups of mounting seats 22 are arranged oppositely. The surface of the mounting seats 22 is provided with a T-shaped card slot, and the outer side of the water tank 10 is fixedly connected with two T-shaped blocks 23 (i.e., the aforementioned first blocks), and the two T-shaped blocks 23 correspond to the two T-shaped card slots one by one and match each other. The notch of the T-shaped card slot is located on the side facing the water tank, and the T-shaped card slot is open at the top and closed at the bottom along the longitudinal direction of the enclosure. The T-shaped card slot 23 is correspondingly embedded in the T-shaped card slot and can move along the longitudinal direction of the enclosure to be removed from or embedded in the T-shaped card slot. By setting the mounting seat 22, the T-shaped card slot and the T-shaped card block 23, and using the T-shaped card block 23 and the T-shaped card slot to fit, the assembly and removal of the water tank 10 can be achieved. It should be noted that the mounting seat 22 is fixed to the water tank 10 by a fixing method known in the art, and of course, the mounting seat 22 and the water tank 10 can also be integrated. In addition, the T-shaped block 23 and the T-shaped slot can also be interchanged, that is, the T-shaped block 23 is fixed to the enclosure, and the T-shaped slot is set on the water tank.

[0072] In this embodiment, the water consumption monitoring module includes a liquid level sensor 13, a signal transmitter 14, and a data terminal. The liquid level sensor 13 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the water tank 10, and the signal transmitter 14 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the liquid level sensor 13. The liquid level sensor 13 is connected to the data terminal via the signal transmitter 14. The liquid level sensor 13 is used to monitor the liquid level height in the water tank. The data terminal is at least used to calculate the change in the water in the water tank according to the area of ​​the radial cross section of the water tank 10 and the liquid level height obtained by the liquid level sensor 13. It should be noted that the data terminal can be a computer, etc. The liquid level sensor 13 and the signal transmitter 14 are both devices known in the art, which can be purchased commercially. The data processing software used by the data terminal can also be purchased commercially, and no specific limitation is made here.

[0073] Example 2

[0074] The quantitative calculation system of grassland vegetation ecological water requirement based on evapotranspiration in this embodiment is basically the same as that in Embodiment 1, and the same parts of the two will not be described in detail here.

[0075] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 In this embodiment, a quantitative calculation system for grassland vegetation ecological water demand based on evapotranspiration is added with a rainwater collection module 6 on the basis of embodiment 1.

[0076] Specifically, the rainwater collection module 6 includes a water storage tank 16 without a top cover and a pipe assembly 5. The water storage tank 16 is fixedly assembled above the enclosure and distributed around the periphery of the enclosure, and is at least used to collect rainwater. The water storage tank 16 is connected to the water storage tank 10 through the pipe assembly 5. The pipe assembly 5 is provided with a solenoid valve 9, that is, the water storage tank 16 can controllably supply water to the water storage tank 10. It should be noted that the water storage tank 16 is an annular structure, and the design of its annular structure can avoid the structure inside the enclosure. The top of the water storage tank 16 is open for collecting rainwater. Of course, the drainage and collection structures for increasing the rainwater collection surface can also be provided at the open part of the water storage tank 16, which are not specifically limited here. Specifically, the solenoid valve 9 can be connected to the controller 8, and the opening or closing of the solenoid valve 9 is controlled by the controller 8. It should be noted that the solenoid valve 9 and the controller 8 can be purchased commercially, and their specific structures and product models are not limited here. Specifically, by collecting rainwater through the water tank 16, not only can the rainwater collection area be increased and the water storage capacity be improved, but the water tank 16 is also set outside the vegetation in the enclosed area. The water tank 16 is used to block insects and small organisms, and the vegetation in the enclosed area can also be protected to a certain extent.

[0077] In this embodiment, the liquid level sensor 13 is connected to the signal transmitter 14 by signal, the signal transmitter 14, the controller 8 and the data terminal are connected by signal, and the controller 8 is connected to the electromagnetic valve 9 by signal. The liquid level sensor 13 can monitor the liquid level in the water tank 10 in real time. When the liquid level in the water tank 10 is low, the signal transmitter 14 sends a signal to the controller 8, and the electromagnetic valve 9 is opened by the controller 8, so that the water in the water tank 16 can be transported to the water tank 10 through the pipeline assembly 5. When the liquid level reaches a certain value, the electromagnetic valve 9 is closed by the controller 8, so that the water level in the water tank 10 can be prevented from being too high. By automatically adding water to the water tank 10, sufficient water can be provided for the grassland vegetation, which is convenient for quantitatively measuring the ecological water demand of the grassland vegetation by evapotranspiration. Specifically, by sending a water level change signal to the data terminal through the signal transmitter 14, it is convenient to measure the grassland vegetation coefficient and obtain the potential evapotranspiration of the grassland vegetation at the same time, so that the grassland vegetation coefficient and the potential evapotranspiration correspond to each other, so as to improve the accuracy of the water demand of different vegetation.

[0078] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 6In order to prevent the external environmental factors from polluting the rainwater inside the water tank 16, a barrier mesh 17 is also provided on the top of the water tank 16, and the barrier mesh 17 covers the opening on the top of the water tank 16. In addition, two filter plates 18 and a baffle 19 are also provided inside the water tank 16. The baffle 19 is fixed at a corner of the inner wall of the water tank 16, and the two filter plates 18 are respectively provided between the baffle 19 and the inner wall of the water tank 16. The two filter plates 18, the baffle 19 and the water tank 16 are together surrounded to form a filter chamber, and the filter chamber is connected to other parts inside the water tank through the filter plate 18, and the pipeline assembly 5 is connected to the filter chamber. Specifically, the barrier mesh 17 can effectively prevent debris from entering the water tank 16. By providing the filter plate 18 and the baffle 19, the filter plate 18 can be used to perform secondary filtration on rainwater, thereby preventing impurities from entering the pipeline assembly 5. It should be noted that the filter plate 18 is a water-permeable plate that can be used to filter solids, which is known in the art and its specific structure and product model are not limited here.

[0079] In this embodiment, see Figure 6 and Figure 7 , the water tank 16 is detachably mounted on the enclosure. Specifically, two pairs of oppositely arranged protrusions 37 are fixedly connected to the inner side of the water tank 16, and a positioning hole is provided on the surface of the protrusion 37, and a spring 38 is fixedly connected in the positioning hole. The end of the spring 38 is fixedly connected with a block (i.e., the aforementioned second block) 39 that can fit with the socket 26. By providing the protrusion 37, the spring 38 and the block 39, and using the spring 38 to apply elastic force to the block 39, and by fitting the block 39 with the socket 26, the water tank 16 can be fixed on the outside of the vegetation in the enclosed area. It should be noted that the protrusion 37 can be fixed to the water tank 16 in a manner known in the art. Of course, the protrusion 37 and the water tank 16 can also be integrally arranged.

[0080] In this embodiment, the block 39 has a first surface and a second surface which are arranged back to back along the longitudinal direction of the enclosure, the first surface has a step structure, and the second surface is an arcuate surface. The step structure is used to restrict each other with the socket 26 to restrict the relative movement of the block 39 and the socket 26 along the longitudinal direction of the enclosure, and the arcuate surface serves as a guide surface for the block 39 and the socket 26 to move relative to each other along the longitudinal direction of the enclosure. When the block 39 is subjected to an external force applied along the longitudinal direction of the enclosure, the lateral component of the external force will compress the spring and cause the block 39 to fall out of the socket 26, thereby realizing the disassembly and assembly of the water tank.

[0081] In this embodiment, the pipeline assembly 5 includes a connecting elbow 20 and a delivery hose 21. One end of the connecting elbow 20 passes through the first right-angle enclosure 1 and is threadedly connected to the water tank 10. The other end of the connecting elbow 20 is sleeved on the inner side of the delivery hose 21. The upper end of the delivery hose 21 is fixedly connected to the water tank 16, and the upper end of the delivery hose 21 is located in the filter chamber. By arranging the connecting elbow 20 and the delivery hose 21, the pipeline assembly 5 can be easily disassembled and assembled.

[0082] Example 3

[0083] The quantitative calculation system of grassland vegetation ecological water requirement based on evapotranspiration in this embodiment is basically the same as that in Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2, and the same parts of the two will not be described in detail here.

[0084] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 In this embodiment, a quantitative measurement system for the ecological water demand of grassland vegetation based on evapotranspiration is provided. A photovoltaic power generation module 40 is added on the basis of embodiment 1 or embodiment 2. The photovoltaic power generation module 40 includes a solar panel and a battery 7. The solar panel and the battery 7 are electrically connected. The solar panel is arranged on the top of the enclosure and is distributed around the periphery of the enclosure. When a rainwater collection module 6 is provided on the enclosure, the solar panel is distributed around the periphery of the rainwater collection module 6 so that the solar panel will not affect the collection of rainwater. Specifically, the battery 7 can power the liquid level sensor 13, the signal transmitter 14, the solenoid valve 9 and the controller 8, and the battery 7 can be charged by the solar panel. It should be noted that the solar panel and the battery 7 can be purchased commercially, and their structure and product model are not limited here.

[0085] Example 4

[0086] The quantitative calculation system of grassland vegetation ecological water requirement based on evapotranspiration in this embodiment is basically the same as that in Embodiment 1, Embodiment 2 or Embodiment 3, and the same parts of the two will not be described in detail here.

[0087] See also Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4In this embodiment, a quantitative measurement system for the ecological water demand of grassland vegetation based on evapotranspiration is provided. A tensioning mechanism 27 is added on the basis of Embodiment 1, Embodiment 2 or Embodiment 3. At the same time, the first right-angled enclosure 1 and the second right-angled enclosure 2 in this embodiment are telescopic structures that can be extended and retracted. Specifically, two first strip ribs 24 are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the first right-angled enclosure 1, and two second strip ribs 25 are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the second right-angled enclosure 2. The first strip ribs 24 and the second strip ribs 25 are arranged opposite to each other, and the surfaces of the first strip ribs 24 and the second strip ribs 25 are provided with plug holes 26 arranged at the same height, and the spacing between the first strip ribs 24 and the second strip ribs 25 can be adjusted by the tensioning mechanism 27.

[0088] See also Figure 3 and Figure 4 The tensioning mechanism 27 includes two cross beams 28, a bidirectional lead screw 29 and a screw cap 30. The two cross beams 28 are respectively threadedly connected to the two ends of the bidirectional lead screw 29, and the screw cap 30 is fixedly connected to the end of the bidirectional lead screw 29. The inner and outer sides of the cross beams 28 are fixedly connected with a plug 31 that can fit with the socket 26. By setting the tensioning mechanism 27, by aligning the plug 31 with the socket 26, and then rotating the screw cap 30 to drive the bidirectional lead screw 29 to rotate, the bidirectional lead screw 29 is threadedly connected to the cross beam 28, and the plug 31 is inserted into the socket 26. By limiting the cross beam 28 after inserting the hole 26, the distance between the two cross beams 28 can be adjusted. By squeezing the first strip rib 24 and the second strip rib 25 from the outside to the inside by the two cross beams 28, the distance between the first strip rib 24 and the second strip rib 25 can be reduced. By pushing the first strip rib 24 and the second strip rib 25 from the inside to the outside by the two cross beams 28, the distance between the first strip rib 24 and the second strip rib 25 can be increased, thereby making the first right-angle enclosure 1 and the second right-angle enclosure 2 move away from each other.

[0089] In this embodiment, the first right-angled enclosure 1 and the second right-angled enclosure 2 both include a fixed enclosure 32 and two movable enclosures 33. Slide grooves are provided at both ends of the fixed enclosure 32. A limiting groove connected to the slide groove is provided on the surface of the fixed enclosure 32. The movable enclosure 33 is slidably connected in the slide groove, and the surface of the movable enclosure 33 is fixedly connected with a limiting block 34 that is slidably connected to the limiting groove. The angle iron 3 is fixedly connected to the surfaces of the two movable enclosures 33 by a second bolt. By setting the fixed enclosure 32, the movable enclosure 33, the limiting groove and the limiting block 34, the limiting block 34 is used to slide in the limiting groove, and the movable enclosure 33 can be limited. The movable enclosure 33 is used to slide in the fixed enclosure 32, so that the spacing between the first strip rib 24 and the second strip rib 25 can be adjusted, and at the same time, the area of ​​the area enclosed by the first right-angled enclosure 1 and the second right-angled enclosure 2 can be expanded or reduced.

[0090] In this embodiment, a buffer pad 35 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the cross beam plate 28, and a blade 36 is provided on the lower surface of the fixed enclosure plate 32 and the movable enclosure plate 33. By setting a tensioning mechanism 27, the spacing between the first strip rib plate 24 and the second strip rib plate 25 can be adjusted, and the first right-angle enclosure plate 1 and the second right-angle enclosure plate 2 are shallowly inserted into the enclosed grass surface, and the tensioning mechanism 27 is used to increase the spacing between the first strip rib plate 24 and the second strip rib plate 25, so that the blade 36 can be kept away from the root system of the grass vegetation in the enclosed area, and then the buffer is hit with a hammer. The pad 35 breaks the soil layer through the blade 36, so that the first right-angle enclosure 1 and the second right-angle enclosure 2 are inserted into the soil, and then the tensioning mechanism 27 is used to reduce the distance between the first strip rib 24 and the second strip rib 25, so that the first right-angle enclosure 1 and the second right-angle enclosure 2 can be closed together, so that the enclosed grassland and the underground soil can be clamped together, and then the tensioning mechanism 27 is pulled upward to peel the clamped soil and the enclosed grassland off the ground. Through the above operations, it is possible to effectively avoid damaging the root system of the grassland vegetation in the enclosed area, so that the water demand calculation is not affected.

[0091] In a more specific implementation scheme, a quantitative calculation method of grassland vegetation ecological water demand based on evapotranspiration comprises the following steps:

[0092] S1, enclose the grass at the designated position, then use angle iron 3 and bolts to relatively fix the first right-angled enclosure 1 and the second right-angled enclosure 2, and shallowly insert the first right-angled enclosure 1 and the second right-angled enclosure 2 into the enclosed grass surface, and the area of ​​the grass enclosed by the first right-angled enclosure 1 and the second right-angled enclosure 2 is Sa;

[0093] S2, using the tensioning mechanism 27 to increase the distance between the first strip rib 24 and the second strip rib 25, and then hitting the buffer pad 35 with a hammer to break the soil layer through the blade 36, so that the first right-angled enclosure plate 1 and the second right-angled enclosure plate 2 are inserted into the soil;

[0094] S3, the tensioning mechanism 27 is then used to reduce the distance between the first strip rib 24 and the second strip rib 25, so that the first right-angled enclosure 1 and the second right-angled enclosure 2 can be closed together, so that the enclosed grass and the underground soil can be clamped together, and then the tensioning mechanism 27 is pulled upward to peel the clamped soil and the enclosed grass off the ground, and a pit will be formed at the peeling place;

[0095] S4, insert the T-shaped block 23 on the side of the water tank 10 into the T-shaped slot on the surface of the mounting seat 22 from bottom to top, and pass one end of the connecting elbow 20 through the first right-angle enclosure 1 to make it threadedly connected with the water tank 10, and sleeve the other end of the connecting elbow 20 on the inner side of the delivery hose 21, and then bury the cotton rope 12 with soil;

[0096] S5, put the first right-angled enclosure plate 1, the second right-angled enclosure plate 2 and the water storage tank 10 into the enclosed grass pit, then disassemble the tensioning mechanism 27 to separate it from the first strip rib plate 24 and the second strip rib plate 25, and then fill the ground and make the enclosed grass flush with other grasses;

[0097] S6, the water consumption monitoring module monitors the change in water in the water storage and supply module, and observes the change value of the liquid level sensor 13 for three to five days. During this period, the change value of the liquid level sensor 13 is multiplied by the radial cross-sectional area of ​​the water tank 10 to obtain the volume change of the water in the water tank 10. The volume change is the sum V of the grassland vegetation requirement and the soil evaporation, and the ecological water requirement of the grassland vegetation is V / Sa. Then, the grassland vegetation is sampled multiple times and the average value is taken.

[0098] It should be understood that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and their purpose is to enable people familiar with the technology to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly, and they cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A quantitative calculation system for grassland vegetation ecological water demand based on evapotranspiration, characterized in that: include: The enclosure is used to at least enclose the grass in the area to be tested and isolate the grass from the surrounding environment, and the enclosure has a working space formed by the enclosure itself; A water storage and supply module is arranged in the working space, the water storage and supply module divides the working space into a first space and a second space, the second space is arranged above the first space along the longitudinal direction of the working space, the water storage part of the water storage and supply module is arranged in the first space, the second space is used to accommodate the turf to be tested, the turf includes turf vegetation and soil for cultivating the turf vegetation, and the water storage and supply module is used to store water and continuously transport the stored water to the soil of the turf; The water consumption monitoring module is at least used to monitor the change in the water volume in the water storage and supply module.

2. The quantitative calculation system for grassland vegetation ecological water demand based on evapotranspiration according to claim 1 is characterized by: The water storage and supply module includes a water tank and a water delivery structure. The water tank serves as the water storage part of the water storage and supply module. A part of the water delivery structure is arranged in the water tank and immersed in water, and the other part extends into the soil of the turf. The water delivery structure is used to deliver the water in the water tank to the soil of the turf.

3. The quantitative calculation system for grassland vegetation ecological water demand based on evapotranspiration according to claim 2 is characterized by: The top cover of the water storage tank serves as a partition separating the first space and the second space, and the top cover is also used to support the turf, and another part of the water delivery structure passes through the top cover and extends into the soil of the turf; And / or, the water delivery structure includes a plurality of water diversion mechanisms with capillary action, the plurality of water diversion mechanisms are distributed at intervals, a portion of the water diversion mechanism is immersed in the water in the water storage tank, and another portion passes through the top cover and extends into the soil of the turf, and the water diversion mechanism transports water into the soil through its own capillary action; And / or, the water diversion mechanism is a rope-shaped mechanism formed by weaving fibers with capillary action; And / or, the water diversion mechanism includes a cotton rope.

4. The quantitative calculation system for grassland vegetation ecological water demand based on evapotranspiration according to claim 3 is characterized by: The top cover also has a water-permeable structure that allows water vapor in the water storage tank to pass through while blocking solid soil particles from passing through; Preferably, the water-permeable structure comprises a plurality of water-permeable meshes distributed on the top cover; Preferably, the top cover is a mesh structure as a whole; Preferably, the top cover is a filter screen cover.

5. The quantitative calculation system for grassland vegetation ecological water demand based on evapotranspiration according to claim 2 is characterized by: The water storage tank is detachably mounted on the enclosure; Preferably, the water storage tank is connected to the enclosure via a first clamping structure; Preferably, a card slot is provided on one of the water storage tank and the enclosure, and a first card block is provided on the other, or both the water storage tank and the enclosure are provided with a card slot and a first card block, and the first card block on one of the water storage tank and the enclosure is inserted into the card slot to form the first card connection structure; Preferably, the extending direction of the card slot is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the enclosure, the card slot and the first card block are movably matched in the longitudinal direction of the enclosure, the first card block can be inserted into or removed from the card slot along the longitudinal direction of the enclosure, and the first card block is fixedly matched with the card slot in the transverse direction of the enclosure; Preferably, the card slot and the first card block are both T-shaped structures.

6. The quantitative calculation system for grassland vegetation ecological water demand based on evapotranspiration according to claim 2 is characterized by: The water consumption monitoring module includes a liquid level sensor and a data terminal, wherein the liquid level sensor is connected to the data terminal by signal, the liquid level sensor is arranged inside the water storage tank, the liquid level sensor is at least used to monitor the liquid level height in the water storage tank, and the data terminal is at least used to calculate the change in water in the water storage tank according to the area of ​​the radial cross section of the water storage tank and the liquid level height obtained by the liquid level sensor; Preferably, the water consumption monitoring module further includes a signal transmitter, the signal transmitter is connected to the liquid level sensor, and the signal transmitter is used to transmit signals between the liquid level sensor and the data terminal.

7. The quantitative calculation system for grassland vegetation ecological water demand based on evapotranspiration according to claim 1 is characterized by: The enclosure comprises at least two enclosure plates, and the at least two enclosure plates are fixedly connected end to end to form an annular enclosure; Preferably, the enclosure includes at least one fixed enclosure and at least one movable enclosure, the at least one fixed enclosure and the at least one movable enclosure are sequentially arranged along a first direction and movably matched, the fixed enclosure and the movable enclosure can move relative to each other along the first direction, so that the length of the enclosure in the first direction can be adjusted, and the first direction is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the enclosure; Preferably, a slide groove extending along the first direction is provided inside the fixed enclosure, a part of the movable enclosure is provided in the slide groove, and another part is exposed from the slide groove, and the movable enclosure is movably matched with the fixed enclosure through the slide groove; Preferably, a limiting groove extending along the first direction is further provided on the surface of the fixed enclosure, the limiting groove is communicated with the sliding groove, and a limiting block is further provided on the movable enclosure, the limiting block is arranged in the limiting groove, and the limiting block and the limiting groove are configured as a limiting structure for limiting the relative movement distance between the fixed enclosure and the movable enclosure in the first direction; Preferably, the enclosure further comprises a tensioning mechanism, the tensioning mechanism is in transmission cooperation with the movable enclosure plates of at least two enclosure plates, and the tensioning mechanism is at least used to drive the movable enclosure plates to move along the first direction to change the width of the working space enclosed by the enclosure in the first direction; Preferably, the tensioning mechanism includes a bidirectional screw and two cross beams, the two cross beams are spaced apart along the first direction, the two cross beams are respectively fixedly connected to the two enclosures, the bidirectional screw is threadedly connected to the two cross beams, and when the bidirectional screw rotates around its own axis, the two cross beams drive the two enclosures fixed thereto to move toward or in opposite directions.

8. The quantitative calculation system for grassland vegetation ecological water demand based on evapotranspiration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Also includes: A rainwater collection module, the rainwater collection module is fixedly arranged on the enclosure, the rainwater collection module is arranged outside the working space, and is at least used to collect rainwater and transport the collected rainwater to the water storage and supply module; Preferably, the rainwater collection module is arranged on the periphery of the top of the enclosure; Preferably, the rainwater collection module comprises a coverless water storage tank and a pipe assembly, the water storage tank is connected to the water storage tank via the pipe assembly, and a solenoid valve is provided on the pipe assembly; Preferably, a filter plate and a baffle are further provided in the water storage tank, the filter plate, the baffle and the water storage tank enclose a closed filter chamber, the filter chamber is connected to the water storage chamber in the water storage tank through the filter holes on the filter plate, and the pipeline assembly is directly connected to the filter chamber; Preferably, the top of the water storage tank is also covered with a barrier gauze; Preferably, the water storage tank is an annular box body surrounding the periphery of the top of the enclosure; Preferably, the water storage tank is detachably mounted on the enclosure; Preferably, the water storage tank is connected to the enclosure via a second clamping structure; Preferably, the second clamping structure comprises a second clamping block, a clamping hole and an elastic member, the water storage tank is provided with a positioning hole, at least a part of the elastic member is arranged in the positioning hole, one end of the elastic member is fixedly connected to the water storage tank, and the other end is fixedly connected to the second clamping block, the clamping hole is provided on the enclosure, and the second clamping block is correspondingly clamped in the clamping hole; Preferably, the second clamping block has a first surface and a second surface which are arranged back to back in the longitudinal direction of the enclosure, the first surface has a step structure, and the second surface is an arc-shaped surface.

9. The quantitative calculation system for grassland vegetation ecological water demand based on evapotranspiration according to claim 8 is characterized in that: Also includes: A photovoltaic power generation module, the photovoltaic power generation module is fixedly mounted on the enclosure, the photovoltaic power generation module is electrically connected to the power consumption mechanism of the quantitative measurement system, and is used to supply power to the power consumption mechanism of the quantitative measurement system; Preferably, the photovoltaic power generation module is arranged on the top of the enclosure and distributed around the periphery of the enclosure; Preferably, the photovoltaic power generation modules are distributed around the periphery of the water storage tank; Preferably, the photovoltaic power generation module includes a solar panel.

10. A quantitative calculation method for grassland vegetation ecological water demand based on evapotranspiration, characterized in that: include: A quantitative calculation system for grassland vegetation ecological water demand based on evapotranspiration according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is provided: S1, using the fence to enclose the grass at a designated location, and shallowly inserting the fence into the enclosed grass surface, the area of ​​the grass enclosed by the fence is Sa; S2, inserting the enclosure into the soil; S3, peeling off the grassland and the soil in the area enclosed by the fence, and forming a pit at the peeling location; S4, assembling a water storage and supply module into the working space in the enclosure, and transferring the stripped soil into the working space and covering the water storage and supply module; S5, placing the enclosure together with the water storage and supply module into the pit left after the grass is stripped, and then filling the ground and making the enclosed grass flush with other grass; S6, the water consumption monitoring module monitors the change in water in the water storage and supply module, and observes the change value of the liquid level sensor for three to five days. The change value of the liquid level sensor during this period is multiplied by the radial cross-sectional area of ​​the water tank to obtain the volume change of the water in the water tank. The volume change is the sum V of the grassland vegetation requirement and the soil evaporation, and the ecological water requirement of the grassland vegetation is V / Sa. The grassland vegetation is sampled multiple times and the average value is taken.

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