General-purpose amplifiers and electrical testing devices

Abstract

This invention provides a universal amplifier and an electrical detection device. The universal amplifier includes an amplification circuit, which comprises a pre-amplifier control circuit and a power amplifier. The pre-amplifier control circuit includes an input terminal, a first output control terminal, and a second output control terminal, used to match the input control voltage of the input terminal with the average voltage of the output voltages of the first and second output control terminals, and to match the output current of the first and second output control terminals. The inverting input terminal of the power amplifier is connected to the first output control terminal, and the non-inverting input terminal of the power amplifier is connected to the second output control terminal. The universal amplifier further includes: a first input terminal formed by the inverting input terminal of the power amplifier; a second input terminal formed by the non-inverting input terminal of the power amplifier; an input control terminal formed by the input terminal of the pre-amplifier control circuit; and an output terminal formed by the power amplifier output terminal of the power amplifier.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the fields of electronics and electrical technology, and in particular to a general amplifier and an electrical detection device. Background Technology

[0002] Generally speaking, amplifiers such as operational amplifiers (OPAs) can be used as units or modules in integrated circuits for applications in signal processing, filtering, instrumentation, and sensor interfaces. For example, operational amplifiers are often used as basic analog signal amplification units, featuring high gain, low distortion, low noise, and high input impedance, making them suitable for various precision measurement and control circuits.

[0003] However, with the increasing demand for analog circuits, current amplifiers are struggling to meet the flexibility and high-performance requirements of different application scenarios. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, embodiments of the present invention provide a universal amplifier and an electrical detection device to solve the above problems.

[0005] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a general-purpose amplifier is provided. The general-purpose amplifier includes an amplification circuit, comprising: a pre-amplifier control circuit, including an input terminal, a first output control terminal, and a second output control terminal, configured to match the input control voltage of the input terminal with the average voltage of the output voltage of the first output control terminal and the output voltage of the second output control terminal, and to match the output current of the first output control terminal with the output current of the second output control terminal; and a post-amplifier, wherein the inverting input terminal of the post-amplifier is connected to the first output control terminal, and the non-inverting input terminal of the post-amplifier is connected to the second output control terminal. The general-purpose amplifier further includes: a first input terminal formed by the inverting input terminal of the post-amplifier; a second input terminal formed by the non-inverting input terminal of the post-amplifier; an input control terminal formed by the input terminal of the pre-amplifier control circuit; and an output terminal formed by the post-amplifier output terminal.

[0006] In another implementation of the present invention, the pre-amplifier control circuit includes a feedback circuit, a first amplifier, and a second amplifier. The feedback input terminal of the first amplifier is connected to the inverting input terminal of the subsequent amplifier, the feedback input terminal of the second amplifier is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the subsequent amplifier, and the through input terminal of the first amplifier is connected to the through input terminal of the second amplifier. The output terminals of the first amplifier and the second amplifier are connected to the input terminal of the feedback circuit. The first feedback terminal of the feedback circuit serves as the first output control terminal and is connected to the feedback input terminal of the first amplifier, and the second feedback terminal of the feedback circuit serves as the second output control terminal and is connected to the feedback input terminal of the second amplifier.

[0007] In another implementation of the present invention, the feedback circuit includes a first sampling branch and a second sampling branch. The two sampling terminals of the first sampling branch are respectively connected to the output terminals of the first amplifier and the second amplifier, and the feedback input terminal of the first amplifier is connected to the first feedback terminal of the first sampling branch. The second sampling branch is connected between the output terminals of the first amplifier and the second amplifier, and the feedback input terminal of the second amplifier is connected to the second feedback terminal of the second sampling branch.

[0008] In another implementation of the present invention, the feedback circuit includes a third sampling branch, a first feedback branch, and a second feedback branch. The two input terminals of the third sampling branch are respectively connected to the output terminals of the first amplifier and the second amplifier. The first feedback branch includes a first voltage-controlled current source and a second voltage-controlled current source. The feedback input terminal of the first amplifier is connected between the first and second voltage-controlled current sources, and the output terminal of the third sampling branch is connected to the control terminals of the first and second voltage-controlled current sources. The second feedback branch includes a third and a fourth voltage-controlled current source. The feedback input terminal of the second amplifier is connected between the third and fourth voltage-controlled current sources, and the output terminal of the third sampling branch is connected to the control terminals of the third and fourth voltage-controlled current sources.

[0009] In another implementation of the present invention, the general-purpose amplifier further includes a first feedback impedance connected between the output terminal and the first input terminal of the general-purpose amplifier.

[0010] In another implementation of the invention, the general-purpose amplifier further includes a second feedback impedance connected between the second input terminal and the input terminal of the second control voltage signal.

[0011] In another implementation of the present invention, the general-purpose amplifier further includes: an input impedance connected between the first input terminal and the input terminal of the input voltage signal; wherein the input control terminal is connected to the input terminal of the first regulating voltage signal.

[0012] In another implementation of the present invention, the general-purpose amplifier further includes: an input impedance connected between the second input terminal and the input terminal of the first control voltage signal; wherein the input control terminal is connected to the input terminal of the input voltage signal.

[0013] In another implementation of the present invention, the general-purpose amplifier further includes: an input impedance connected between the second input terminal and the input terminal of the input voltage signal; wherein the input control terminal is connected to the input terminal of the first regulating voltage signal.

[0014] In another implementation of the present invention, the general-purpose amplifier further includes: an input impedance connected between the first input terminal and the input terminal of the first control voltage signal; wherein the input control terminal is connected to the input terminal of the input voltage signal.

[0015] In another implementation of the present invention, the general-purpose amplifier further includes: a first input impedance connected to the first input terminal and the input terminal of the first input voltage signal; a second input impedance connected to the second input terminal and the input terminal of the second input voltage signal, wherein the first input voltage signal and the second input voltage signal form a differential signal; wherein the input control terminal is connected to the input terminal of the first control voltage signal.

[0016] In another implementation of the present invention, the first input terminal is connected to the input terminal of the input current signal, and the input control terminal is connected to the input terminal of the first regulating voltage signal.

[0017] In another implementation of the present invention, the general-purpose amplifier further includes: the second input terminal being connected to the input terminal of the input current signal, and the input control terminal being connected to the input terminal of the first regulating voltage signal.

[0018] In another implementation of the present invention, the general-purpose amplifier further includes: the first input terminal being connected to the input terminal of the first input current signal, the second input terminal being connected to the input terminal of the second input current signal, and the input control terminal being connected to the input terminal of the first regulating voltage signal; wherein the first input current signal and the second input current signal form a differential signal.

[0019] According to a second aspect of the present invention, an electrical detection device is provided, comprising: a general-purpose amplifier according to the first aspect, the general-purpose amplifier comprising: a first feedback impedance connected between an output terminal and a first input terminal of the general-purpose amplifier; a second feedback impedance connected between a second input terminal and an input terminal of a second controlled voltage signal; and a detection circuit connected to the general-purpose amplifier, wherein the general-purpose amplifier acquires a detection signal from the detection circuit through at least one of the first input terminal and the second input terminal, and an input control terminal receives a detection control signal, wherein the detection value indicated by the detection signal is determined based on device parameters of the detection circuit and the transfer function of the general-purpose amplifier.

[0020] In another implementation of the present invention, the general-purpose amplifier further includes a first capacitor under test, one end of which is connected to the first input terminal and the other end of which is grounded.

[0021] In another implementation of the present invention, the general-purpose amplifier further includes a second capacitor under test, one end of which is connected to the second input terminal and the other end of which is grounded, and the first capacitor under test and the second capacitor under test form a differential capacitor.

[0022] In another implementation of the present invention, the detection circuit is a resistor bridge, which includes a first bridge arm and a second bridge arm. The two ends of the first bridge arm are connected to a low bias voltage, and the two ends of the second bridge arm are also connected to a low bias voltage. The first input terminal is connected between two resistors in the first bridge arm, and the second input terminal is connected between two resistors in the second bridge arm.

[0023] In another implementation of the present invention, the detection circuit includes a sampling resistor, one end of which is connected to the current and voltage to be detected and the first input terminal, the other end of which is connected to the load and the second input terminal, and the input control terminal is connected to a bias low voltage.

[0024] In the embodiments of the present invention, under conditions such as negative feedback, a "virtual short" phenomenon is formed between the first and second input terminals of the general-purpose amplifier. The input voltage of the first input terminal matches the input voltage of the second input terminal. Since the pre-stage control circuit matches the input control voltage of the input control terminal with the average voltage of the output voltages of the first and second output control terminals, the input control voltage, the input voltage of the first input terminal, and the input voltage of the second input terminal are matched. In addition, the non-inverting and inverting input terminals of the subsequent amplifier have the same input impedance, which matches the current of the first output control terminal with the input current of the first input terminal, and the current of the second output control terminal with the input current of the second input terminal. Furthermore, when the output current of the first output control terminal matches the output current of the second output control terminal, the input current of the first input terminal matches the input current of the second input terminal. Therefore, the general-purpose amplifier of this embodiment can realize all the functions of an operational amplifier with better performance, and can also realize more additional functions, meeting higher flexibility and high performance requirements. Attached Figure Description

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a general-purpose amplifier according to some embodiments of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the general amplifier in the embodiment.

[0028] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Circuit diagrams of some examples of general-purpose amplifiers in the embodiments.

[0029] Figure 4A , Figure 4B and Figure 4C for Figure 1 Circuit diagrams of some other examples of the general-purpose amplifiers in the embodiments.

[0030] Figure 4D and Figure 4E for Figure 1 Circuit diagrams of some other examples of the general-purpose amplifiers in the embodiments.

[0031] Figure 5A , Figure 5B and Figure 5C for Figure 1The general-purpose amplifier in the embodiments is a circuit diagram of some examples of an inverting amplifier.

[0032] Figure 6A , Figure 6B and Figure 6C for Figure 1 The general-purpose amplifier in the embodiments is a circuit diagram of some examples of a non-inverting amplifier.

[0033] Figure 7A and Figure 7B for Figure 1 The general-purpose amplifier in the embodiment is a circuit diagram of some other examples of an inverting amplifier.

[0034] Figure 8A and Figure 8B for Figure 1 The general-purpose amplifier in the embodiment is a circuit diagram of some other examples of a non-inverting amplifier.

[0035] Figure 9A , Figure 9B and Figure 9C for Figure 1 The general-purpose amplifier in the embodiments is a circuit diagram of some examples of differential amplifiers.

[0036] Figure 10A and Figure 10B for Figure 1 The general-purpose amplifier in the embodiment is a circuit diagram of some examples of an inverting TIA.

[0037] Figure 11A and Figure 11B for Figure 1 The general-purpose amplifier in the embodiment is a circuit diagram of some examples of in-phase TIA.

[0038] Figure 12A and Figure 12B for Figure 1 The general-purpose amplifier in the embodiment is a circuit diagram of some examples of differential TIA.

[0039] Figure 13 This is a schematic block diagram of an electrical detection device according to other embodiments of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 14A and Figure 14B for Figure 13 Schematic diagrams of electrical detection devices for some examples of embodiments.

[0041] Figure 15 for Figure 13 Schematic diagrams of electrical detection devices for some other examples of embodiments.

[0042] Figure 16 for Figure 13Schematic diagrams of electrical detection devices for some other examples of embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0043] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0044] The specific implementation of the embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0045] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a general-purpose amplifier according to some embodiments of the present invention. Specifically, Figure 1 The general-purpose amplifier 100 (GPA) shown includes an amplifier circuit 20, a first input terminal 110, a second input terminal 120, an input control terminal 130, and an output terminal 140. The amplifier circuit 20 includes a pre-amplifier control circuit 210 and a post-amplifier 220.

[0046] Specifically, the pre-stage control circuit 210 includes an input terminal, a first output control terminal OUT1, and a second output control terminal OUT2, which are used to match the average voltage of the input control voltage of the input terminal with the output voltage of the first output control terminal OUT1 and the output voltage of the second output control terminal OUT2, and to match the output current of the first output control terminal OUT1 with the output current of the second output control terminal OUT2.

[0047] Furthermore, the inverting input of the power amplifier 220 is connected to the first output control terminal OUT1, and the non-inverting input of the power amplifier 220 is connected to the second output control terminal OUT2. For example, the power amplifier 220 can be an operational amplifier, such as an open-loop operational amplifier.

[0048] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 As shown, the general-purpose amplifier 100 includes external ports or terminals arranged in a manner such as pins, wherein a first input terminal 110 is formed by the inverting input terminal of the subsequent amplifier 220. A second input terminal 120 is formed by the non-inverting input terminal of the subsequent amplifier 220. An input control terminal 130 is formed by the input terminal of the pre-amplifier control circuit 210. An output terminal 140 is formed by the output terminal of the subsequent amplifier 220. Further, the general-purpose amplifier 100 may also include a bias terminal (e.g., a power supply terminal) 150 connected to a high bias voltage and a bias terminal (e.g., a ground terminal) 160 connected to a low bias voltage.

[0049] For example, the input voltage IN of the front-end control circuit, the output voltage VOUT1 of the first output control terminal OUT1, and the output voltage VOUT2 of the second output control terminal OUT2 satisfy the following relationship:

[0050]

[0051] For example, the output current IOUT1 of the first output control terminal OUT1 and the output current IOUT2 ​​of the second output control terminal OUT2 satisfy the following relationship:

[0052] I OuT1 =I OUT2

[0053] In the embodiments of the present invention, under conditions such as negative feedback, a "virtual short" phenomenon is formed between the first and second input terminals of the general-purpose amplifier. The input voltage of the first input terminal matches the input voltage of the second input terminal. Since the pre-stage control circuit matches the input control voltage of the input control terminal with the average voltage of the output voltages of the first and second output control terminals, the input control voltage, the input voltage of the first input terminal, and the input voltage of the second input terminal are matched. In addition, the non-inverting and inverting input terminals of the subsequent amplifier have the same input impedance, which matches the current of the first output control terminal with the input current of the first input terminal, and the current of the second output control terminal with the input current of the second input terminal. Furthermore, when the output current of the first output control terminal matches the output current of the second output control terminal, the input current of the first input terminal matches the input current of the second input terminal. Therefore, the general-purpose amplifier of this embodiment can realize all the functions of an operational amplifier with better performance, and can also realize more additional functions, meeting higher flexibility requirements.

[0054] In other words, the input voltage IN- at the first input terminal is matched with the input voltage IN+ at the second input terminal, and the two satisfy the following relationship:

[0055]

[0056] Furthermore, when the output current of the first output control terminal matches the output current of the second output control terminal, the input current I of the first input terminal IN- is made... IN－ The input current I at the second input terminal IN+ IN+ In addition to matching, the two can also satisfy the following relationship:

[0057] I IN- =I IN+

[0058] In some examples, the general-purpose amplifier is implemented as a closed-loop amplifier with negative feedback, in which case the input voltage V at the first input terminal IN- is... IN－ The input voltage V at the second input terminal IN+ IN+ Matching, the two can have the following relationship:

[0059] V IN- =V IN+

[0060] Accordingly, the input voltages of the input control terminal IN, the first input terminal IN-, and the second input terminal IN+ are matched. For example, the three can satisfy the following relationship:

[0061] V IN =V IN- =V IN+

[0062] Specifically, in some embodiments, the pre-amplifier control circuit 210 includes a feedback circuit 213, a first amplifier 211, and a second amplifier 212. The feedback input terminal of the first amplifier 211 is connected to the inverting input terminal of the subsequent amplifier 220, the feedback input terminal of the second amplifier 212 is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the subsequent amplifier 220, and the through input terminal of the first amplifier 211 is connected to the through input terminal of the second amplifier 212.

[0063] In addition, the output terminals of the first amplifier 211 and the second amplifier 212 are connected to the input terminal of the feedback circuit 213. The first feedback terminal of the feedback circuit 213 is connected to the feedback input terminal of the first amplifier 211 as the first output control terminal OUT1, and the second feedback terminal of the feedback circuit 213 is connected to the feedback input terminal of the second amplifier 212 as the second output control terminal OUT2.

[0064] In other words, the through input terminal of the first amplifier is connected to the through input terminal of the second amplifier, ensuring that the input voltage between the feedback input terminals of the first amplifier and the second amplifier is matched. In addition, the feedback input terminal of the first amplifier is connected to the inverting input terminal of the subsequent amplifier, and the feedback input terminal of the second amplifier is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the subsequent amplifier, realizing that the current of the first output control terminal is matched with the input current of the first input terminal, and the current of the second output control terminal is matched with the input current of the second input terminal.

[0065] In some examples, the through inputs of the first amplifier and the second amplifier are non-inverting inputs, and the feedback inputs of both amplifiers are inverting inputs. Alternatively, the through inputs of the first amplifier and the second amplifier are inverting inputs, and the feedback inputs of both amplifiers are non-inverting inputs.

[0066] In some examples, the feedback circuit 213 includes a first sampling branch and a second sampling branch. Specifically, the two sampling terminals of the first sampling branch are connected to the output terminals of the first amplifier and the second amplifier, respectively, and the feedback input terminal of the first amplifier is connected to the first feedback terminal of the first sampling branch. The second sampling branch is connected between the output terminals of the first and second amplifiers, and the feedback input terminal of the second amplifier is connected to the second feedback terminal of the second sampling branch. Figure 3 As shown, in the first sampling branch, resistors R1 and R2 are connected in series, and in the second sampling branch, resistors R3 and R4 are connected in series. The connection between resistors R1 and R2 in the first sampling branch is connected to the feedback input of the first amplifier, and the connection between resistors R3 and R4 in the second sampling branch is connected to the feedback input of the second amplifier. The through-input terminals of the first and second amplifiers are non-inverting inputs, and the feedback input terminals of both amplifiers are inverting inputs. Therefore, when the input voltage at either the through-input terminal of the first or second amplifier increases, the output voltage of the first amplifier increases. Due to the effects of the first and second sampling branches, the voltages at the inverting input terminals of both amplifiers increase accordingly, achieving stable matching of the input voltages at the first input terminal, the second input terminal, and the input control terminal. Preferably, the resistance values ​​of resistors R1, R2, R3, and R4 are matched, for example, approximately equal.

[0067] In other words, without loss of generality, since the feedback input terminal of the first amplifier is connected to the first feedback terminal of the first sampling branch, and the feedback input terminal of the second amplifier is connected to the second feedback terminal of the second sampling branch, negative feedback between the output terminal and the feedback input terminal of the first amplifier and negative feedback between the output terminal and the feedback input terminal of the second amplifier are realized.

[0068] Alternatively, in other examples, the feedback circuit 213 includes a third sampling branch, a first feedback branch, and a second feedback branch. Specifically, the two inputs of the third sampling branch are connected to the outputs of the first amplifier and the second amplifier, respectively. The first feedback branch includes a first voltage-controlled current source and a second voltage-controlled current source, with the feedback input of the first amplifier connected between the first and second voltage-controlled current sources. The output of the third sampling branch is connected to the control terminals of the first and second voltage-controlled current sources.

[0069] In addition, the second feedback branch includes a third voltage-controlled current source and a fourth voltage-controlled current source. The feedback input terminal of the second amplifier is connected between the third voltage-controlled current source and the fourth voltage-controlled current source. The output terminal of the third sampling branch is connected to the control terminal of the third voltage-controlled current source and the control terminal of the fourth voltage-controlled current source.

[0070] Furthermore, such as Figure 4A As shown, the through input terminals of the first amplifier and the second amplifier are non-inverting input terminals, while the feedback input terminals of both amplifiers are inverting input terminals. The first feedback branch is connected to the third sampling branch and the inverting input terminal of the first amplifier, and the second feedback branch is connected to the third sampling branch and the inverting input terminal of the second amplifier. Specifically, in the third sampling branch, resistor R1 and circuit R2 are connected in series between the output terminals of the first and second amplifiers. The area between resistors R1 and R2 forms the output terminal of the third sampling branch, which is connected between the first voltage-controlled current source I1 and the second voltage-controlled current source I2, as well as between the third voltage-controlled current source I3 and the fourth voltage-controlled current source I4. That is, the output terminal of the third sampling branch is connected to the voltage-controlled terminals of the first voltage-controlled current source I1, the second voltage-controlled current source I2, the third voltage-controlled current source I3, and the fourth voltage-controlled current source I4.

[0071] Furthermore, both the first feedback branch and the second feedback branch are connected between the bias high voltage Vs+ and the bias low voltage Vs-, so that the first feedback branch realizes feedback through the first voltage-controlled current source I1 and the second voltage-controlled current source I2, and also realizes feedback through the third voltage-controlled current source I3 and the fourth voltage-controlled current source I4.

[0072] For example, for each voltage-controlled current source, the device characteristics of the first voltage-controlled current source I1 and the third voltage-controlled current source I3 are such that the larger the input control voltage, the larger the current, and the smaller the input control voltage, the smaller the current. Similarly, the device characteristics of the second voltage-controlled current source I2 and the fourth voltage-controlled current source I4 are such that the larger the input control voltage, the smaller the current, and the smaller the input control voltage, the larger the current. In this case, when the input voltage at the through input terminal of the first amplifier or the second amplifier increases, the voltage at the output terminal of the first amplifier increases. Due to the action of the first feedback branch and the second feedback branch, the voltages at the inverting input terminals of both the first and second amplifiers increase accordingly, achieving stable matching of the input voltages at the first input terminal, the second input terminal, and the input control terminal. Preferably, the absolute values ​​of the transconductance of the first voltage-controlled current source I1, the second voltage-controlled current source I2, the third voltage-controlled current source I3, and the fourth voltage-controlled current source I4 are matched, for example, approximately equal.

[0073] As Figure 4A A further example of the feedback circuit 213, in Figure 4BIn this circuit, the first voltage-controlled current source I1 is an example of an NPN transistor Q1, the third voltage-controlled current source I3 is an example of an NPN transistor Q3, the second voltage-controlled current source I2 is an example of a PNP transistor Q2, and the fourth voltage-controlled current source I4 is an example of a PNP transistor Q4. Specifically, the bases of transistors Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 are connected to the output of the third sampling branch. The emitter of transistor Q1 is connected to the emitter of transistor Q2 and to the first output control terminal OUT1; the emitter of transistor Q3 is connected to the emitter of transistor Q4 and to the second output control terminal OUT2. The collector of transistor Q1 is connected to the collector of transistor Q3 and to the high bias voltage Vs+; the collector of transistor Q2 is connected to the collector of transistor Q4 and to the low bias voltage Vs-.

[0074] As Figure 4A A further example of the feedback circuit 213, in Figure 4C In this example, the first voltage-controlled current source I1 is an N-type MOSFET Q1, the third voltage-controlled current source I3 is an N-type MOSFET Q3, the second voltage-controlled current source I2 is a P-type MOSFET Q2, and the fourth voltage-controlled current source I4 is a P-type MOSFET Q4. Specifically, the gates of MOSFETs Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 are connected to the output terminal of the third sampling branch. The source of MOSFET Q1 is connected to the source of MOSFET Q2 and to the first output control terminal OUT1; the source of MOSFET Q3 is connected to the source of MOSFET Q4 and to the second output control terminal OUT2. The drain of MOSFET Q1 is connected to the drain of MOSFET Q3 and to the high bias voltage Vs+; the drain of MOSFET Q2 is connected to the drain of MOSFET Q4 and to the low bias voltage Vs-.

[0075] Alternatively, with Figure 4A The examples are different, in Figure 4D and Figure 4E In the example shown, the through-input terminals of the first and second amplifiers are inverting inputs, while the feedback input terminals of both amplifiers are non-inverting inputs. The device characteristics of the first voltage-controlled current source I1 and the third voltage-controlled current source I3 are such that the larger the input control voltage, the smaller the current, and vice versa. Similarly, the device characteristics of the second voltage-controlled current source I2 and the fourth voltage-controlled current source I4 are such that the smaller the input control voltage, the smaller the current, and vice versa.

[0076] For example, in Figure 4DIn the example, the first voltage-controlled current source I1 can be a P-type MOSFET Q1, the third voltage-controlled current source I3 can be a P-type MOSFET Q3, the second voltage-controlled current source I2 can be an N-type MOSFET Q2, and the fourth voltage-controlled current source I4 can be an N-type MOSFET Q4. Specifically, the gates of MOSFETs Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 are connected to the output terminal of the third sampling branch. The drain of MOSFET Q1 is connected to the drain of MOSFET Q2 and to the first output control terminal OUT1; the drain of MOSFET Q3 is connected to the drain of MOSFET Q4 and to the second output control terminal OUT2. The source of MOSFET Q1 is connected to the source of MOSFET Q3 and to the high bias voltage Vs+; the source of MOSFET Q2 is connected to the source of MOSFET Q4 and to the low bias voltage Vs-.

[0077] For example, in Figure 4E In the example, the first voltage-controlled current source I1 is an example of a PNP transistor Q1, the third voltage-controlled current source I3 is an example of a PNP transistor Q3, the second voltage-controlled current source I2 is an example of an NPN transistor Q2, and the fourth voltage-controlled current source I4 is an example of an NPN transistor Q4. Specifically, the bases of transistors Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 are connected to the output terminal of the third sampling branch. The collector of transistor Q1 is connected to the collector of transistor Q2 and to the first output control terminal OUT1; the collector of transistor Q3 is connected to the collector of transistor Q4 and to the second output control terminal OUT2. The emitter of transistor Q1 is connected to the emitter of transistor Q3 and to the bias high voltage Vs+; the emitter of transistor Q2 is connected to the emitter of transistor Q4 and to the bias low voltage Vs-.

[0078] Accordingly, in this case, when the input voltage at the through input terminal of the first amplifier or the through input terminal of the second amplifier increases, the output voltage of the first amplifier decreases. Due to the effects of the first and second feedback branches, the voltages at the inverting input terminals of both the first and second amplifiers increase accordingly, achieving stable matching of the input voltages at the first input terminal, the second input terminal, and the input control terminal. Preferably, the absolute values ​​of the transconductances of the first voltage-controlled current source I1, the second voltage-controlled current source I2, the third voltage-controlled current source I3, and the fourth voltage-controlled current source I4 are matched, for example, approximately equal.

[0079] In other embodiments, the general-purpose amplifier 100 may include a first feedback impedance. The first feedback impedance is connected between the output terminal and the first input terminal of the general-purpose amplifier, thereby forming a closed-loop general-purpose amplifier that functions as a negative feedback amplifier.

[0080] Furthermore, the general-purpose amplifier 100 may also include a second feedback impedance connected between the second input terminal and the input terminal of the second control voltage signal, thereby making full use of the output characteristics of the second input terminal of the general-purpose amplifier to enhance the capabilities of the general-purpose amplifier.

[0081] Furthermore, as an example of an input impedance connected between at least one of the first and second input terminals and the input terminal of an input voltage signal, the input voltage signal can be implemented as an equivalent input voltage signal of multiple voltage signals, with the input impedance of each voltage signal connected between at least one of the first and second input terminals and the input terminal of that voltage signal.

[0082] The various implementations of the general-purpose amplifier will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings of each specific embodiment.

[0083] Specifically, in some embodiments, Figure 5A A general-purpose amplifier as an inverting amplifier is shown. In this embodiment of the general-purpose amplifier, a first feedback impedance Zf is connected between the output terminal OUT and the first input terminal IN- of the general-purpose amplifier GPA, and an input impedance Zi is connected between the first input terminal IN- and the input terminal of the input voltage signal Vin. The input control terminal IN is used to receive a first modulation voltage Vcmi. In this embodiment, the general-purpose amplifier may have the following transfer function:

[0084]

[0085]

[0086] It can be seen that the input voltage signal Vin includes the input AC component V. inac and input DC component V indc Input AC component V inac and input DC component V indc Both have the same gain. The output DC component Voutdc of the output voltage signal Vout is determined by the first control voltage Vcmi and the input DC component Vindc.

[0087] It should be understood that, without loss of generality, although the various embodiments described herein use a first control voltage and a second control voltage as DC voltages, the first control voltage and the second control voltage can also be AC ​​voltages, and should not be construed as constituting a limitation on the first control voltage and the second control voltage.

[0088] In one example, the input DC component V indc Equal to the first control voltage Vcmi, the general-purpose amplifier has the following transfer function:

[0089]

[0090] It can be seen from the output voltage V out The expression leads to the conclusion that the input DC component V of the input voltage signal Vin is... indc There is no gain; the DC component Voutdc of the output voltage is directly used as the output voltage, and the AC component V of the input voltage signal Vin is used as the input voltage signal. inac Generate gain That is, in this example, the general-purpose amplifier can be used as an AC inverting amplifier.

[0091] In another example, with a first control voltage Vcmi = 0, the general-purpose amplifier can have the following transfer function:

[0092]

[0093] It can be seen from the output voltage V out The expression leads to the conclusion that the input voltage V in Input AC component V inac and input DC component V indc At the output voltage V out All are amplified, and the corresponding amplification gain is

[0094] In other embodiments, Figure 5B A general-purpose amplifier as an inverting amplifier is shown. In this embodiment, the first feedback impedance Zf is connected between the output terminal OUT and the first input terminal IN- of the general-purpose amplifier GPA, and the input impedance Zi is connected between the second input terminal IN+ and the input terminal of the first control voltage Vcmi. The input control terminal IN is used to receive the input voltage signal Vin. In this embodiment, the general-purpose amplifier has the following transfer function:

[0095]

[0096]

[0097] It can be seen from the output voltage V out From the expression, we can conclude that the input AC component V of the input voltage Vin is... inac and DC component V indc The gain is In other words, the gain of a general-purpose amplifier that acts as an inverting amplifier is determined by... The output DC component Voutdc of the output voltage signal Vout is determined by both the first control voltage Vcmi and the input DC component Vindc.

[0098] In one example, the input DC component Vindc is equal to the first control voltage Vcmi. In this example, the general-purpose amplifier has the following transfer function:

[0099]

[0100] From the output voltage signal V out The expression leads to the conclusion that the input DC component V of the input voltage signal Vin is... indc There is no gain; it is directly used as the DC component Voutdc of the output voltage signal Vout. Furthermore, V... inac When used as a bias constant, the input AC component V of the input voltage signal Vin is... inac With gain That is, a general-purpose amplifier can be used as an AC inverting amplifier.

[0101] In another example, the first control voltage Vcmi = 0, and accordingly, the general-purpose amplifier has the following transfer function:

[0102]

[0103] From the output voltage signal V out The expression leads to the conclusion that the input voltage signal V in Input AC component V inac and input DC component V indc Both are amplified, and the input AC component V of the input voltage signal Vin is also amplified. inac and input DC component V indc The gain is

[0104] Furthermore, in Figure 5A In the example of the inverting amplifier, the input impedance Zi of the input voltage signal Vin is connected to the first input terminal. In this case, the input impedance Zi can be a low input impedance. Accordingly, in Figure 5B In the example of the inverting amplifier, the input impedance Zi of the input voltage signal Vin is connected to the control input terminal IN, and the input impedance Zi can be a high input impedance.

[0105] In other embodiments, Figure 5CA general-purpose amplifier as an inverting amplifier is shown. In this embodiment, the input voltage signal is a plurality of voltage signals, and the input impedance of each voltage signal is connected between a first input terminal and the input terminal of that voltage signal. Specifically, an example of a plurality of voltage signals, the first voltage signal Vin1 and the second voltage signal Vin2, is shown. The input impedance Zi1 is connected between the first input terminal IN- and the input terminal of the first voltage signal Vin1, and the input impedance Zi2 is connected between the first input terminal IN- and the input terminal of the second voltage signal Vin2.

[0106] Accordingly, a general-purpose amplifier has the following transfer function:

[0107]

[0108] It can be seen that the first voltage signal Vin1 includes the input AC component V. in1ac and input DC component V in1dc The second voltage signal Vin2 includes the input AC component V. in2ac and input DC component V in2dc Input AC component V in1ac and input DC component V in1dc Both have the same gain. Input AC component V in2ac and input DC component V in2dc Both have the same gain. The output DC component Voutdc of the output voltage signal Vout is determined by the first control voltage Vcmi, the input DC component Vin1dc, and the input DC component Vin2dc.

[0109] In some examples, the input impedance Zi1 is equal to the input impedance Zi2, and the first control voltage, the input DC component of the first voltage signal, and the input DC component of the second voltage signal are equal, that is, V cmi =V in1dc =V in2dc In this case, the general-purpose amplifier has the following transfer function:

[0110]

[0111] It can be seen from the output voltage V out The expression leads to the conclusion that the first regulating voltage Vcmi is directly used as the output DC component Voutdc, and the input AC component V in1ac and input AC component V in2ac Generate gain That is, in this example, the general-purpose amplifier can be used as an inverting AC summing amplifier.

[0112] In other embodiments, Figure 6AA general-purpose amplifier as a non-inverting amplifier is shown. In this embodiment, the first feedback impedance Zf is connected between the output terminal OUT and the first input terminal IN- of the general-purpose amplifier GPA, and the input impedance Zi is connected between the second input terminal IN+ and the input terminal of the input voltage signal Vin. The input control terminal IN is used to receive the first modulation voltage Vcmi. Accordingly, the general-purpose amplifier can have the following transfer function:

[0113]

[0114] It can be seen from the output voltage signal V out The expression leads to the conclusion that the input AC component V of the input voltage signal Vin is... inac and input DC component V indc The gain is The output DC component Voutdc of the output voltage signal Vout is determined by the first control voltage Vcmi and the input DC component Vindc.

[0115] In one example, the input DC component Vindc is equal to the first control voltage Vcmi, and accordingly, the general-purpose amplifier, as a non-inverting amplifier, has the following transfer function:

[0116]

[0117] From the output voltage signal V out The expression leads to the conclusion that the input DC component V of the input voltage signal Vin is... indc There is no gain; the DC component Voutdc of the output voltage signal Vout is directly used as the output voltage signal Vout, and the AC component Voutdc is used as the input voltage signal Vout. inac With gain That is, in this example, the general-purpose amplifier can be used as an AC in-phase amplifier.

[0118] In another example, the first control voltage Vcmi = 0, and accordingly, the general-purpose amplifier can have the following transfer function:

[0119]

[0120] It can be seen from the output voltage signal V out The expression leads to the conclusion that the input voltage signal V in Input AC component V inac and input DC component V indc Both are amplified, with the gain being...

[0121] Furthermore, Figure 6BSome other embodiments of the general-purpose amplifier as a non-inverting amplifier are shown. In this embodiment, the first feedback impedance Zf is connected between the output terminal OUT and the first input terminal IN- of the general-purpose amplifier GPA. The input impedance Zi is connected between the first input terminal IN- and the input terminal of the first control voltage Vcmi. The input control terminal IN is used to receive the input voltage signal Vin. The general-purpose amplifier can have the following transfer function:

[0122]

[0123]

[0124] From the output voltage signal V out The expression leads to the conclusion that the input AC component V of the input voltage signal Vin is... inac and input DC component V indc The gain is The gain variation of a general-purpose amplifier, which is an inverting amplifier, is actually caused by... The output DC component Voutdc of the output voltage signal Vout is determined by the first regulating voltage Vcmi and the input DC component Vindc.

[0125] In one example, the input DC component Vindc of the input voltage signal Vin is equal to the first control voltage Vcmi, and accordingly, the general-purpose amplifier can have the following transfer function:

[0126]

[0127] From the output voltage signal V out The expression leads to the conclusion that the input DC component V of the input voltage signal Vin is... indc There is no gain; it directly determines the output DC component Voutdc and the input AC component V. inac With gain In this example, the general-purpose amplifier can be used as an AC in-phase amplifier.

[0128] In another example, with a first control voltage Vcmi = 0, the general-purpose amplifier can have the following transfer function:

[0129]

[0130] From the output voltage signal V out The expression leads to the conclusion that the input voltage signal V in The input AC component Vinac and the input DC component Vindc are amplified simultaneously, with both the input AC component Vinac and the input DC component Vindc having a gain of 1.

[0131] Furthermore, in Figure 6A In the example, the input impedance Zi of the input voltage signal Vin is connected to the second input terminal, and the input impedance Zi can be a low input impedance. Accordingly, in Figure 6B In the example, the input impedance Zi of the input voltage signal Vin is connected to the input control terminal, and the input impedance Zi can be a high input impedance.

[0132] In other embodiments, Figure 6C A general-purpose amplifier as a non-inverting amplifier is shown. In this embodiment, the input voltage signal is a plurality of voltage signals, and the input impedance of each voltage signal is connected between a second input terminal and the input terminal of that voltage signal. Specifically, an example is given where the first voltage signal Vin1 and the second voltage signal Vin2 are a plurality of voltage signals. The input impedance Zi1 is connected between the second input terminal IN+ and the input terminal of the first voltage signal Vin1, and the input impedance Zi2 is connected between the second input terminal IN+ and the input terminal of the second voltage signal Vin2.

[0133] Accordingly, a general-purpose amplifier has the following transfer function:

[0134]

[0135] It can be seen from the output voltage signal V out The expression leads to the conclusion that the input AC component V in1ac and input DC component V in1dc The gain is Input AC component V in2ac and input DC component V in2dc The gain is The output DC component Voutdc is determined by the first control voltage Vcmi, the input DC component Vin1dc, and the input DC component Vin2dc.

[0136] In some examples, the input impedance Zi1 is equal to the input impedance Zi2, and the first control voltage, the input DC component of the first voltage signal, and the input DC component of the second voltage signal are equal, i.e., V cmi =V indc1 =V indc2 Accordingly, a general-purpose amplifier has the following transfer function:

[0137]

[0138] It can be seen from the output voltage V out The expression leads to the conclusion that the first regulating voltage Vcmi is directly used as the output DC component Voutdc, and the input AC component V in1ac and input AC component V in2acGenerate gain That is, in this example, the general-purpose amplifier can be used as an in-phase AC summing amplifier.

[0139] In some embodiments, Figure 7A The general-purpose amplifier shown is used as an inverting amplifier with input-output DC control. That is, in Figure 5A Based on the general-purpose amplifier of the embodiment, the second feedback impedance Zf is further connected between the second input terminal IN+ and the input terminal of the second control voltage Vcmo. That is, the general-purpose amplifier can have the following transfer function:

[0140]

[0141] It can be seen from the output voltage signal V out The expression leads to the conclusion that the input AC component V of the input voltage signal Vin is... inac and input DC component V indc The gain is The output DC component Voutdc of the output voltage Vout is determined by the first regulating voltage Vcmi, the input DC component Vindc, and the second regulating voltage Vcmo.

[0142] In one example, the input DC component Vindc is equal to the first control voltage Vcmi, and the general-purpose amplifier has the following transfer function:

[0143]

[0144] It can be seen from the output voltage signal V out The expression leads to the conclusion that the input DC component V of the input voltage signal Vin is... indc The first regulating voltage Vcmi has almost no effect on the output voltage signal Vout. The second regulating voltage Vcmo determines the output DC component Voutdc and the input AC component V of the input voltage signal Vin. inac With gain In other words, a general-purpose amplifier can be used as an AC inverting amplifier with independent control of input and output DC voltages.

[0145] In another example, with a first control voltage Vcmi = 0, the general-purpose amplifier has the following transfer function:

[0146]

[0147] From the output voltage signal V out The expression leads to the conclusion that the input voltage V inThe input AC component Vinac and the input DC component Vindc are amplified simultaneously, with both the input AC component Vinac and the input DC component Vindc having a gain of 1. In addition, the DC component Voutdc of the output voltage signal Vout is linearly superimposed with the second regulating voltage V. cmo .

[0148] In other embodiments, Figure 7B This illustrates the use of a general-purpose amplifier as an inverting amplifier with independent DC control for input and output. That is, in... Figure 5B Based on the general amplifier of the embodiment, the second feedback impedance Zf is further connected between the second input terminal IN+ and the input terminal of the second control voltage Vcmo, that is, the inverting amplifier has a transfer function:

[0149]

[0150] It can be seen from the output voltage signal V out The expression leads to the conclusion that the input AC component V of the input voltage signal Vin is... inac and input DC component V indc The gain is The output DC component Voutdc of the output voltage signal Vout is determined by the first control voltage Vcmi, the input DC component Vindc, and the second control voltage Vcmo.

[0151] In one example, the input DC component Vindc is equal to the first control voltage Vcmi, and accordingly, the general-purpose amplifier has the following transfer function:

[0152]

[0153] From the output voltage signal V out The expression leads to the conclusion that the input DC component V indc The second regulating voltage Vcmo has almost no effect on the output voltage signal Vout, and directly determines the output DC component Voutdc, while the input AC component Vcmo has almost no effect on the output voltage signal Vout. inac With gain In other words, a general-purpose amplifier can be used as an AC inverting amplifier with independently controllable output DC voltage.

[0154] In another example, the first control voltage Vcmi = 0, and accordingly, the general-purpose amplifier has the following transfer function:

[0155]

[0156] It can be seen from the output voltage signal V outThe expression leads to the conclusion that both the input AC component Vinac and the input DC component Vindc are amplified simultaneously, with both the input AC component Vinac and the input DC component Vindc having a gain of 1. In addition, the output DC component Voutdc is linearly superimposed with the second regulating voltage V cmo .

[0157] Furthermore, Figure 5A The input impedance Zi of the embodiment and Figure 5B The difference between the input impedance Zi in the examples also applies. Figure 7A Examples and Figure 7B Differences between implementation examples.

[0158] In other embodiments, Figure 8A This illustrates the case where a general-purpose amplifier is used as a non-inverting amplifier with output DC control. Figure 6A Based on the general amplifier of the embodiment, the second feedback impedance Zf is further connected between the second input terminal IN+ and the input terminal of the second control voltage Vcmo. Figure 8B This illustrates the case where a general-purpose amplifier is used as a non-inverting amplifier with output DC control. Figure 6B Based on the general amplifier of the embodiment, the second feedback impedance Zf is further connected between the second input terminal IN+ and the input terminal of the second control voltage Vcmo.

[0159] Accordingly, Figure 8A Examples and Figure 8B The general-purpose amplifier in this embodiment has the following transfer function:

[0160]

[0161]

[0162] It can be seen from the output voltage signal V out The expression leads to the conclusion that the input AC component V inac and input DC component V indc The gain is The output DC component Voutdc is determined by the first control voltage Vcmi, the input DC component Vindc, and the second control voltage Vcmo.

[0163] In one example, the input DC component Vindc is equal to the first control voltage Vcmi, and the general-purpose amplifier has the following transfer function:

[0164]

[0165] From the output voltage signal V out The expression leads to the conclusion that the input DC component Vindc The second regulating voltage Vcmo has almost no effect on the output voltage signal Vout. It directly determines the output DC component Voutdc and the input AC component Vcmo. inac With gain That is, in this example, the general-purpose amplifier can be used as an AC in-phase amplifier with independently controllable output DC voltage.

[0166] In another example, with a first control voltage Vcmi = 0, the general-purpose amplifier has the following transfer function:

[0167]

[0168] From the output voltage signal V out The expression leads to the conclusion that the input voltage V in The input AC component Vinac and the input DC component Vindc are amplified simultaneously, with both the input AC component Vinac and the input DC component Vindc having a gain of 1. In addition, the output DC component Voutdc is linearly superimposed with the second regulating voltage V cmo .

[0169] In other embodiments, Figure 9A A general-purpose amplifier as a differential amplifier is shown. In this embodiment, a first feedback impedance Zf is connected between the output terminal OUT and the first input terminal IN- of the general-purpose amplifier GPA. A first input voltage signal Vin1 and a second input voltage signal Vin2 form a differential signal, and a first input impedance Zi is connected between the first input terminal IN- and the input terminal of the first input voltage signal Vin1. A second input impedance Zi is connected between the second input terminal IN+ and the input terminal of the second input voltage signal Vin2, and the input control terminal IN receives a first control voltage Vcmi. In this embodiment, the general-purpose amplifier has the following transfer function:

[0170]

[0171]

[0172] It can be seen from the output voltage signal V out From the expression, we can conclude that the general-purpose amplifier amplifies the differential voltage between the second input voltage Vin2 and the first input voltage Vin1, that is, V in2 -V in1 The gain of the differential voltage is In addition, the differential input DC component V of the differential voltage in2dc -V in1dc and input AC component V in2ac -V in1acBoth are amplified, and the output DC component Voutdc of the output voltage signal Vout is obtained from the differential input DC component V. in2dc -V in1dc The DC component of the first regulating voltage Vcmi is determined.

[0173] In one example, the input DC component V of the first input voltage Vin1 in1dc The input DC component V of the second output voltage Vin2 in2dc Equal to each other, the general-purpose amplifier has the following transfer function:

[0174]

[0175] Therefore, from the expression for the output voltage signal Vout, we can conclude that the input DC component V in1dc and input DC component V in2dc The output voltage is equal and does not affect the output voltage. That is, a general-purpose amplifier can be used as an AC differential amplifier.

[0176] In other embodiments, Figure 9B An embodiment of a general-purpose amplifier as a differential amplifier with independent DC control for input and output is shown. That is, in Figure 9A Based on the general-purpose amplifier of the embodiment, the second feedback impedance Zf is further connected between the second input terminal IN+ and the input terminal of the second control voltage Vcmo. Accordingly, the general-purpose amplifier has the following transfer function:

[0177]

[0178] It can be seen from the output voltage signal V out The expression leads to the conclusion that, with Figure 9A The DC component Voutdc of the general amplifier in this embodiment differs from the DC component Voutdc of the output voltage signal Vout. The DC component Voutdc includes the second control voltage Vcmo, but is independent of the first control voltage Vcmi. Figure 9B The general-purpose amplifier in the embodiment can independently control the output second regulation voltage Vcmo.

[0179] In other embodiments, Figure 9CA general-purpose amplifier as a differential amplifier is shown. In this embodiment, the first input voltage signal is a plurality of voltage signals, and the second input voltage signal is a plurality of voltage signals. The input impedance of each voltage signal serving as the first input voltage signal is connected between the first input terminal and the input terminal of that voltage signal. The input impedance of each voltage signal serving as the second input voltage signal is connected between the second input terminal and the input terminal of that voltage signal. Specifically, the first voltage signal Vin1 and the second voltage signal Vin2 serve as voltage signals of the first input voltage signal, and the third voltage signal Vin3 and the fourth voltage signal Vin4 serve as voltage signals of the second input voltage signal.

[0180] Specifically, the input impedance Zi of the first voltage signal Vin1 is connected between the first input terminal IN- and the input terminal of the first voltage signal Vin1; the input impedance Zi of the second voltage signal Vin2 is connected between the first input terminal IN- and the input terminal of the second voltage signal Vin2; the input impedance Zi of the third voltage signal Vin3 is connected between the second input terminal IN+ and the input terminal of the third voltage signal Vin3; and the input impedance Zi of the fourth voltage signal Vin4 is connected between the second input terminal IN+ and the input terminal of the fourth voltage signal Vin4.

[0181] Accordingly, a general-purpose amplifier has the following transfer function:

[0182]

[0183] It can be seen from the output voltage signal V out The expression leads to the conclusion that the general-purpose amplifier amplifies the differential voltage between the second input voltage and the first input voltage. In this embodiment, the first voltage signal Vin1 and the second voltage signal Vin2 have a first voltage sum, and the third voltage signal Vin3 and the fourth voltage signal Vin4 have a second voltage sum. The general-purpose amplifier amplifies the differential voltage V between the second voltage sum and the first voltage sum. in4 +V in3 -V in2 -V in1 Amplification is performed. The gain of the differential voltage is...

[0184] In addition, the differential input DC component V of the differential voltage in4dc +V in3dc -V in2dc -V in1dc and input AC component V in4ac +V in3ac -V in2ac -V in1ac Both are amplified, and the output DC component Voutdc of the output voltage signal Vout is obtained from the differential input DC component V. in4dc+V in3dc -V in2dc -V in1dc The DC component of the first regulating voltage Vcmi is determined.

[0185] In other embodiments, Figure 10A A general-purpose amplifier as a transimpedance amplifier (TIA) is shown. In this embodiment, the first feedback impedance Zf is connected between the output terminal OUT and the first input terminal IN- of the general-purpose amplifier GPA. The first input terminal IN- is used to receive the input current signal Iin, and the input control terminal IN is used to receive the first control voltage Vcmi. Accordingly, the general-purpose amplifier has the following transfer function:

[0186] V outdc =-ZfI indc +V cmi

[0187] V outac =-ZfI inac

[0188] V out =-ZfI indc -ZfI inac +V cmi =-ZfI in +V cmi

[0189] From the output voltage signal V out From the expression, we can conclude that the reverse TIA in this embodiment can convert the input current signal Iin into the output voltage signal Vout, and the first regulation voltage Vcmi input by the input control terminal IN is linearly superimposed on the output voltage signal Vout.

[0190] Furthermore, Figure 10B An embodiment of a general-purpose amplifier as an inverting TIA with independent input and output DC voltage control is shown. That is, in Figure 10A Based on the general-purpose amplifier of the embodiment, the second feedback impedance Zf is further connected between the second input terminal IN+ and the input terminal of the second control voltage Vcmo. Accordingly, the general-purpose amplifier has the following transfer function:

[0191] V out =-ZfI in +V cmo

[0192] It can be seen from the output voltage signal V outFrom the expression, we can conclude that the reverse TIA in this embodiment can convert the input current signal Iin into the output voltage signal Vout, and the second control voltage Vcmo input through the second input terminal IN+ is linearly superimposed on the output voltage signal Vout.

[0193] In other embodiments, Figure 11A A general-purpose amplifier as a non-inverting TIA is shown. In this embodiment of the general-purpose amplifier, a first feedback impedance Zf is connected between the output terminal OUT and the first input terminal IN- of the general-purpose amplifier GPA. The second input terminal IN+ is used to receive the input current signal Iin, and the input control terminal IN is used to receive the first control voltage Vcmi. Accordingly, the general-purpose amplifier has the following transfer function:

[0194] V outdc =ZfI indc +V cmi

[0195] V outdc =ZfI inac

[0196] V out =ZfI in +V cmi

[0197] It can be seen from the output voltage signal V out From the expression, we can conclude that the in-phase TIA in this embodiment can convert the input current signal Iin into the output voltage signal Vout, and the first regulation voltage Vcmi input by the input control terminal IN is linearly superimposed on the output voltage signal Vout.

[0198] Furthermore, Figure 11B An example of a general-purpose amplifier as a non-inverting TIA with independent input and output DC voltage control is shown. Figure 11A Based on the general-purpose amplifier of the embodiment, the second feedback impedance Zf is further connected between the second input terminal IN+ and the input terminal of the second control voltage Vcmo. Accordingly, the general-purpose amplifier has the following transfer function:

[0199] V out =ZfI in +V cmo

[0200] It can be seen from the output voltage signal V out From the expression, we can conclude that the in-phase TIA in this embodiment can convert the input current signal Iin into the output voltage signal Vout, and the second control voltage Vcmo input through the second input terminal IN+ is linearly superimposed on the output voltage signal Vout.

[0201] Generally speaking, an ideal TIA has extremely low internal input impedance (e.g., internal input impedance is approximately 0) and extremely low internal output impedance (e.g., internal output impedance is 0). Figure 11A Examples and Figure 11B The in-phase TIA of this embodiment has extremely low internal input impedance and extremely low internal output impedance.

[0202] In other embodiments, Figure 12A A general-purpose amplifier as a differential TIA is shown. In this embodiment of the general-purpose amplifier, a first feedback impedance Zf is connected between the output terminal OUT and the first input terminal IN- of the general-purpose amplifier GPA. Furthermore, a first input current signal Iin1 and a second input current signal Iin2 form a differential signal. The first input terminal IN- receives the first input current signal Iin1, the second input terminal IN+ receives the second input current signal Iin2, and the input control terminal IN receives a first control voltage Vcmi. That is, the general-purpose amplifier has the following transfer function:

[0203] V outdc =Zf(I in2dc -I in1dc )+V cmi

[0204] V outac =Zf(I in2ac -I in1ac )

[0205] V out =Zf(I in2 -I in1 )+V cmi

[0206] It can be seen from the output voltage signal V out From the expression, we can conclude that the differential TIA in this embodiment can convert the input current differential signals Iin1 and Iin2 into the output voltage signal Vout, and linearly superimpose the first regulation voltage Vcmi input by the input control terminal IN onto the output voltage signal Vout.

[0207] Furthermore, Figure 12B A general-purpose amplifier as a differential TIA is shown. Figure 12A Based on the general-purpose amplifier of the embodiment, the second feedback impedance Zf is further connected between the second input terminal IN+ and the input terminal of the second control voltage Vcmo. Accordingly, the general-purpose amplifier has the following transfer function:

[0208] V out =Zf(I in2 -I in1 )+V cmo

[0209] It can be seen from the output voltage signal V out From the expression, we can conclude that the differential TIA in this embodiment can convert the input current differential signals Iin1 and Iin2 into the output voltage signal Vout, and the second control voltage Vcmo input through the second input terminal IN+ is linearly superimposed on the output voltage signal Vout.

[0210] Generally speaking, an ideal TIA has extremely low internal input impedance (e.g., input impedance is approximately 0) and extremely low internal output impedance (e.g., internal output impedance is 0). Figure 12A Examples and Figure 12B The in-phase TIA of this embodiment has extremely low internal input impedance and extremely low internal output impedance.

[0211] Figure 13 Other embodiments of an electrical detection device are shown. Specifically, the electrical detection device 300 includes a general-purpose amplifier 100 and a detection circuit 30. The general-purpose amplifier 100 may be a general-purpose amplifier such as in any of the embodiments described above.

[0212] In some examples, the general-purpose amplifier may include a first feedback impedance Zf and a second feedback impedance Zf. The first feedback impedance is connected between the output terminal and the first input terminal of the general-purpose amplifier. The second feedback impedance is connected between the second input terminal and the input terminal of the second controlled voltage signal.

[0213] Furthermore, the detection circuit 30 is connected to the general-purpose amplifier 100. The general-purpose amplifier 100 obtains a detection signal from the detection circuit 30 through at least one of the first input terminal 110 and the second input terminal 120. The input control terminal 130 receives a detection control signal. The detection value of the detection signal is determined according to the device parameters of the detection circuit 30 and the transfer function of the general-purpose amplifier 100.

[0214] In this embodiment, the general-purpose amplifier obtains a detection signal from the detection circuit through at least one of the first input terminal and the second input terminal. The detection value of the detection signal is determined according to the device parameters of the detection circuit and the transfer function of the general-purpose amplifier. Since the input control terminal receives the detection control signal, the input voltage of the first input terminal and the second input terminal can be flexibly adjusted, thereby improving the detection sensitivity and detection range of the electrical detection device.

[0215] Furthermore, electrical application devices such as electrical detection devices, based on general-purpose amplifiers, bring about a completely new signal chain design approach. This approach can be widely used in common signal chain designs such as signal mathematical operations, signal conditioning, instrumentation, voltage amplification, current detection, voltage detection, sensing resistance detection, sensing capacitance detection, and sensing inductance detection. It adds more design functions, improves design flexibility, and simplifies traditional complex designs.

[0216] In some embodiments, Figure 14A An electrical detection device for a general amplifier based on some embodiments is shown. For example, the electrical detection device of this embodiment can be based on... Figure 8B The general-purpose amplifier in the embodiment. That is, Figure 8B The transfer function of the general-purpose amplifier is as follows:

[0217]

[0218] exist Figure 14A In this embodiment, the first feedback impedance Rf is connected between the output terminal OUT of the general-purpose amplifier GPA and the first input terminal IN-, and the second feedback impedance Rf is further connected between the second input terminal IN+ and the input terminal of the second control voltage Vcmo. One end of the first capacitor under test Cs is connected to the first input terminal IN-, and the other end of the first capacitor under test Cs is grounded. The input control terminal IN receives the detection control signal Vin. In other words, in this embodiment, the first capacitor under test Cs acts as the input impedance Zi, and the first control voltage Vcmi is the ground voltage.

[0219] Accordingly, the general-purpose amplifier in this embodiment has the following transfer function:

[0220] V outdc =V cmo

[0221] V outac =sC s R f V i nac

[0222] V out =sC s R f V inac +V cmo

[0223] From the expression for the output voltage signal Vout, it can be concluded that the first capacitor under test Cs and the input DC component Vindc have almost no effect on the output DC component VoutDC. Therefore, the expression for the capacitance value of the first capacitor under test Cs is as follows:

[0224]

[0225] In other words, by setting the detection control signal Vin to a known value, the capacitance value of the first voltage Cs to be measured can be calculated by measuring the AC component Voutac of the output circuit, thereby realizing the capacitance detection function through the electrical detection device.

[0226] In other embodiments, Figure 14B An electrical detection device for a general amplifier based on some embodiments is shown. For example, the electrical detection device of this embodiment can be based on... Figure 9B The general-purpose amplifier in the embodiment. That is, Figure 9B The transfer function of the general-purpose amplifier is as follows:

[0227]

[0228] exist Figure 14B In this embodiment, the first feedback impedance Rf is connected between the output terminal OUT of the general-purpose amplifier GPA and the first input terminal IN-, and the second feedback impedance Rf is further connected between the second input terminal IN+ and the input terminal of the second control voltage Vcmo. One end of the first capacitor under test Csp is connected to the first input terminal IN-, and the other end of the first capacitor under test Csp is grounded. One end of the second capacitor under test Csn is connected to the second input terminal, and the other end of the second capacitor under test Csn is grounded. The first capacitor under test Csp and the second capacitor under test Csn form a differential capacitor. In other words, in this embodiment, the first capacitor under test Csp and the second capacitor under test Csn serve as the first input impedance and the second input impedance. The other end of the first capacitor under test Csp and the other end of the second capacitor under test Csn, grounded, serve as the first input voltage signal Vin1 and the second input voltage signal Vin2. The input control terminal IN receives the detection control signal Vin, which serves as the first control voltage Vcmo. Accordingly, Figure 14B The general-purpose amplifier has the following transfer function:

[0229] V outdc =V cmo

[0230] V outac =s(C sp -C sn )R f V inac

[0231] V out =s(C sp -C sn )R f V inac +V cmo

[0232] As can be seen from the above transfer function, it can be concluded that the first capacitor Csp, the second capacitor Csn, and the input DC component Vindc of the detection control signal have almost no effect on the output DC component Voutdc. Accordingly, the differential capacitor value has the following expression:

[0233]

[0234] That is, by setting the detection control signal Vin to a known value, C can be calculated by measuring the AC component Voutdc of the output circuit. sp -C sn The differential capacitance value is used to perform differential capacitance detection through an electrical testing device.

[0235] In other embodiments, Figure 15 An electrical detection device for a general amplifier based on some embodiments is shown. For example, the electrical detection device of this embodiment can be based on... Figure 9B The embodiment describes a general-purpose amplifier. In this embodiment, a first feedback impedance Rf is connected between the output terminal OUT and the first input terminal IN- of the general-purpose amplifier GPA, and a second feedback impedance Rf is further connected between the second input terminal IN+ and the input terminal of the second control voltage Vcmo.

[0236] Furthermore, the detection circuit is a resistor bridge, which includes a first arm and a second arm. In the first arm, the reference resistor Rs and the resistor under test Rs+dR are connected in series, and in the second arm, the reference resistor Rs and the resistor under test Rs-dR are connected in series. Here, dR is the deviation of the resistor under test relative to the reference resistor Rs.

[0237] Furthermore, both ends of the first bridge arm are connected to a low bias voltage, for example, ground; both ends of the second bridge arm are connected to a low bias voltage, for example, ground. The first input terminal IN- is connected between the two voltage divider resistors in the first bridge arm, and the second input terminal IN+ is connected between the two voltage divider resistors in the second bridge arm. That is, both ends of the resistor bridge only need to be grounded simultaneously; there is no need to apply a drive signal Vin to the resistor bridge, only the detection control signal needs to be set to the equivalent value of Vin.

[0238] Therefore, the general-purpose amplifier has the following transfer function:

[0239]

[0240] That is, the transfer function is simple, and it can efficiently and accurately calculate the resistance change of the sensing resistor. Furthermore, as an alternative embodiment, each of the first and second bridge arms can save one reference resistor. That is, one end of the first bridge arm is connected to the low bias voltage and the other end is connected to the first input terminal IN-; one end of the second bridge arm is connected to the low bias voltage and the other end is connected to the second input terminal IN+.

[0241] In other embodiments, Figure 16 An electrical detection device for a general amplifier based on some embodiments is shown. For example, the electrical detection device of this embodiment can be based on... Figure 9B The embodiment describes a general-purpose amplifier. In this embodiment, a first feedback impedance Rf is connected between the output terminal OUT and the first input terminal IN- of the general-purpose amplifier GPA, and a second feedback impedance Rf is further connected between the second input terminal IN+ and the input terminal of the second control voltage Vcmo.

[0242] Furthermore, the detection circuit includes a sampling resistor Rs. One end of the sampling resistor Rs is connected to the current voltage Vbat to be detected and is connected to the first input terminal IN- through a first input impedance Ri. The other end of the sampling resistor Rs is connected to the load and is connected to the second input terminal IN+ through a second input impedance Ri. The input control terminal IN is connected to a low bias voltage, for example, ground. That is, by connecting the input control terminal to the low bias voltage, the input voltages of the first input terminal IN- and the second input terminal IN+ can be changed, allowing the general-purpose amplifier to handle a larger current voltage Vbat for a given supply voltage. In other words, a lower supply voltage VDD of the general-purpose amplifier can handle a higher current voltage Vbat.

[0243] In some examples, when the sampling resistor Rs is much smaller than the input impedance Ri, the general-purpose amplifier has the following transfer function:

[0244]

[0245] It should be understood that the specific implementation of the general-purpose amplifier in the electrical testing device can be found in the description of the corresponding connection relationships in the above-described embodiments of the general-purpose amplifier, and has corresponding beneficial effects, which will not be repeated here. Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working process of the general-purpose amplifier and module in the electrical testing device described above can be referred to the description of the foregoing embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0246] So far, specific embodiments of the subject matter have been described. Other embodiments are within the scope of the appended claims. In some cases, the actions recited in the claims can be performed in a different order and still achieve the desired result. Furthermore, the processes depicted in the drawings do not necessarily require a specific or sequential order to achieve the desired result.

[0247] It should also be noted that the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0248] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this application can be provided as hardware entities, methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this application can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0249] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to interchangeably. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments. In particular, the system embodiments are basically similar to the method embodiments, so the description is relatively simple; relevant parts can be referred to the descriptions in the method embodiments.

[0250] The above description is merely an embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit the scope of this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A general-purpose amplifier, characterized in that, include: Amplifier circuit, including: The pre-amplifier control circuit includes a feedback circuit, a first amplifier, and a second amplifier. The output terminals of the first amplifier and the second amplifier are connected to the input terminal of the feedback circuit. The first feedback terminal of the feedback circuit is connected to the feedback input terminal of the first amplifier, and the second feedback terminal of the feedback circuit is connected to the feedback input terminal of the second amplifier. The through input terminal of the first amplifier is connected to the through input terminal of the second amplifier. The feedback circuit includes a first sampling branch and a second sampling branch. The two sampling terminals of the first sampling branch are respectively connected to the output terminal of the first amplifier and the output terminal of the second amplifier. The feedback input terminal of the first amplifier is connected to the first feedback terminal of the first sampling branch. The second sampling branch is connected between the output terminal of the first amplifier and the output terminal of the second amplifier. The feedback input terminal of the second amplifier is connected to the second feedback terminal of the second sampling branch. A power amplifier, wherein the inverting input of the power amplifier is connected to the feedback input of the first amplifier, and the non-inverting input of the power amplifier is connected to the feedback input of the second amplifier; The first input terminal is formed by the inverting input terminal of the subsequent amplifier; The second input terminal is formed by the non-inverting input terminal of the subsequent amplifier. The input control terminal is formed by the input terminal of the preceding control circuit; The output terminal is formed by the output terminal of the subsequent stage of the amplifier.

2. The universal amplifier according to claim 1, characterized in that, The general-purpose amplifier also includes: The first feedback impedance is connected between the output terminal and the first input terminal of the general-purpose amplifier.

3. The universal amplifier according to claim 2, characterized in that, The general-purpose amplifier also includes: The second feedback impedance is connected between the second input terminal and the input terminal of the second control voltage signal.

4. The universal amplifier according to claim 2, characterized in that, The general-purpose amplifier also includes: The input impedance is connected between the first input terminal and the input terminal of the input voltage signal. The input control terminal is connected to the input terminal of the first regulating voltage signal.

5. The universal amplifier according to claim 2, characterized in that, The general-purpose amplifier also includes: The input impedance is connected between the second input terminal and the input terminal of the first control voltage signal; The input control terminal is connected to the input terminal of the input voltage signal.

6. The universal amplifier according to claim 2, characterized in that, The general-purpose amplifier also includes: The input impedance is connected between the second input terminal and the input terminal of the input voltage signal. The input control terminal is connected to the input terminal of the first regulating voltage signal.

7. The universal amplifier according to claim 2, characterized in that, The general-purpose amplifier also includes: The input impedance is connected between the first input terminal and the input terminal of the first control voltage signal; The input control terminal is connected to the input terminal of the input voltage signal.

8. The universal amplifier according to claim 2, characterized in that, The general-purpose amplifier also includes: The first input impedance is connected between the first input terminal and the input terminal of the first input voltage signal; The second input impedance is connected to the second input terminal and the input terminal of the second input voltage signal, and the first input voltage signal and the second input voltage signal form a differential signal; The input control terminal is connected to the input terminal of the first regulating voltage signal.

9. The universal amplifier according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first input terminal is connected to the input terminal of the input current signal, and the input control terminal is connected to the input terminal of the first regulating voltage signal.

10. The universal amplifier according to claim 2, characterized in that, The general-purpose amplifier also includes: The second input terminal is connected to the input terminal of the input current signal, and the input control terminal is connected to the input terminal of the first regulating voltage signal.

11. The universal amplifier according to claim 2, characterized in that, The general-purpose amplifier also includes: The first input terminal is connected to the input terminal of the first input current signal, the second input terminal is connected to the input terminal of the second input current signal, and the input control terminal is connected to the input terminal of the first regulating voltage signal; The first input current signal and the second input current signal form a differential signal.

12. A general-purpose amplifier, characterized in that, include: Amplifier circuit, including: The pre-amplifier control circuit includes a feedback circuit, a first amplifier, and a second amplifier. The output terminals of the first amplifier and the second amplifier are connected to the input terminal of the feedback circuit. The first feedback terminal of the feedback circuit is connected to the feedback input terminal of the first amplifier, and the second feedback terminal of the feedback circuit is connected to the feedback input terminal of the second amplifier. The through input terminal of the first amplifier is connected to the through input terminal of the second amplifier. The feedback circuit includes a third sampling branch, a first feedback branch, and a second feedback branch. The two input terminals of the third sampling branch are respectively connected to the output terminals of the first amplifier and the second amplifier. The first feedback branch includes a first voltage-controlled current source and a second voltage-controlled current source. The feedback input terminal of the first amplifier is connected between the first and second voltage-controlled current sources. The output terminal of the third sampling branch is connected to the control terminals of the first and second voltage-controlled current sources. The second feedback branch includes a third and a fourth voltage-controlled current source. The feedback input terminal of the second amplifier is connected between the third and fourth voltage-controlled current sources. The output terminal of the third sampling branch is connected to the control terminals of the third and fourth voltage-controlled current sources. A power amplifier, wherein the inverting input of the power amplifier is connected to the feedback input of the first amplifier, and the non-inverting input of the power amplifier is connected to the feedback input of the second amplifier; The first input terminal is formed by the inverting input terminal of the subsequent amplifier; The second input terminal is formed by the non-inverting input terminal of the subsequent amplifier. The input control terminal is formed by the input terminal of the preceding control circuit; The output terminal is formed by the output terminal of the subsequent stage of the amplifier.

13. The universal amplifier according to claim 12, characterized in that, The general-purpose amplifier also includes: The first feedback impedance is connected between the output terminal and the first input terminal of the general-purpose amplifier.

14. The universal amplifier according to claim 12, characterized in that, The general-purpose amplifier also includes: The second feedback impedance is connected between the second input terminal and the input terminal of the second control voltage signal.

15. An electrical testing device, characterized in that, include: The general-purpose amplifier according to any one of claims 1-14, the general-purpose amplifier comprising: The first feedback impedance is connected between the output terminal and the first input terminal of the general-purpose amplifier. The second feedback impedance is connected between the second input terminal and the input terminal of the second control voltage signal; A detection circuit is connected to the general-purpose amplifier, which acquires a detection signal from the detection circuit through at least one of a first input terminal and a second input terminal. The input control terminal receives a detection control signal, wherein the detection value indicated by the detection signal is determined based on the device parameters of the detection circuit and the transfer function of the general-purpose amplifier.

16. The electrical testing device according to claim 15, characterized in that, The general-purpose amplifier also includes a first capacitor under test, one end of which is connected to the first input terminal and the other end of which is grounded.

17. The electrical testing device according to claim 16, characterized in that, The general-purpose amplifier also includes a second capacitor under test, one end of which is connected to the second input terminal and the other end of which is grounded. The first capacitor under test and the second capacitor under test form a differential capacitor.

18. The electrical testing device according to claim 15, characterized in that, The detection circuit is a resistor bridge, which includes a first bridge arm and a second bridge arm. The two ends of the first bridge arm are connected to a low bias voltage, and the two ends of the second bridge arm are connected to a low bias voltage. The first input terminal is connected between two resistors in the first bridge arm, and the second input terminal is connected between two resistors in the second bridge arm.

19. The electrical testing device according to claim 15, characterized in that, The detection circuit includes a sampling resistor, one end of which is connected to the current and voltage to be detected and the first input terminal, the other end of which is connected to the load and the second input terminal, and the input control terminal is connected to the bias low voltage.

Images