An integrated device for aeration, subsoiling and fertilization

Abstract

The present invention discloses an integrated device for aeration, subsoiling and fertilization, belonging to the technical field of agricultural machinery. Specifically, it includes a rear-mounted vehicle frame, and a transverse assembly chute is integrally formed at the tail end of the rear-mounted vehicle frame; a gas source assembly and a pneumatic fertilizer spraying system are respectively installed at the top of the rear-mounted vehicle frame; a pneumatic extension system is installed inside the assembly chute, a subsoiling depth control system is installed on the pneumatic extension system, and an air aeration subsoiling system connected to the gas source assembly is installed on the subsoiling depth control system. The present invention can not only easily break through 70 cm and above in the depth of soil subsoiling operation, but also flexibly adjust the subsoiling depth according to soil characteristics and the actual needs of planted crops; combined with the settings of the pneumatic extension system and the pneumatic fertilizer spraying system, it can realize fixed-point double aeration subsoiling and synchronous fertilization operation of deep soil, and the resistance in the whole aeration subsoiling and fertilization operation process is small; the agricultural machinery does not need to operate at full load throughout the process, which can effectively extend the service life of the agricultural machinery.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to an integrated device for aeration subsoiling and fertilization. Background Art

[0002] In the field of agricultural planting, over time, under long-term shallow tillage of the cultivated land, a hard and dense plow sole will appear under the soil, seriously affecting the fertilizer retention effect and water storage capacity of the land, resulting in the thinning of the organic matter layer in the cultivated soil and the reduction of biodiversity. Therefore, in large farms or plantations, artificial soil restoration operations are carried out on the soil in the planting area from time to time, commonly known as "soil improvement for land cultivation".

[0003] Currently, the common agricultural implements for artificial "soil improvement for land cultivation" mainly use deep tillage and soil loosening equipment such as plows, which are towed by agricultural tractors. While walking, continuous soil loosening is carried out on the land. Currently, based on this type of subsoiling equipment, a new type of plow-type aeration subsoiling and fertilization equipment has emerged. However, whether it is the traditional plow subsoiling equipment or the new type of aeration subsoiling and fertilization equipment, they are all based on the traditional plow subsoiling equipment. Due to the long-term shallow tillage or sedimentation of the soil in the planting area, a bottom hardening phenomenon will occur. When towing this type of plow-type subsoiling equipment, there are relatively high requirements for the power of the agricultural tractor. Limited by the power of the agricultural tractor, the depth of general deep tillage and soil loosening will not exceed 50 cm. During the process of soil subsoiling, the agricultural machinery needs to run continuously at full load, which seriously wears the equipment and affects its service life. Secondly, this type of plow-type subsoiling agricultural machinery is only suitable for continuous towing and soil loosening, and cannot perform fixed-point deep tillage and fertilization operations on the soil in a small designated area, and its operation flexibility is seriously insufficient.

[0004] Therefore, we propose a new type of agricultural aeration subsoiling and fertilization integrated device that is flexibly operated and driven by agricultural machinery. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an integrated device for aeration subsoiling and fertilization to solve the above problems existing in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] An integrated aeration subsoiling and fertilizing device includes a rear-mounted frame. At the front end of the rear-mounted frame, a suspension connection seat is fixed for connecting with the rear suspension of the agricultural tractor. At the same time, at the tail end of the rear-mounted frame, an assembly chute with an opening facing backward and a horizontal design is integrally formed. The assembly chute is preferably a steel chute with a cross-section of "C" shape. Since this device uses the soil aeration subsoiling technology to carry out aeration subsoiling of the soil while realizing the fertilization operation of agricultural fertilizers, and the whole equipment moves with the agricultural tractor during use. In order to make reasonable use of the rear-wheel drive function of the agricultural tractor to independently generate a high-pressure air source, an air source assembly is installed on the top of the rear-mounted frame. Among them, the air source assembly includes a speed-increasing type gearbox, a piston air compressor, and a compressed air storage tank. The piston air compressor is an industrial-grade piston air compressor with a multi-stage compression of 4-6 MPa to ensure that enough pressure of compressed air is generated in cooperation with the drive of the agricultural tractor to meet the requirements of soil aeration subsoiling and fertilization.

[0008] Specifically, the rotating shaft of the piston air compressor is in transmission connection with the output shaft of the speed-increasing type gearbox. A universal drive shaft for transmission connection with the rear driving power transmission shaft of the agricultural tractor is installed on the input shaft of the speed-increasing type gearbox. The air output port of the piston air compressor is communicated with the compressed air storage tank through an air filling pipeline. A one-way valve is installed in the middle section of the air filling pipeline to prevent backflow when the piston air compressor delivers air into the compressed air storage tank.

[0009] Furthermore, in order to realize the fertilization operation in the deep layer of the soil, an air spraying fertilization system is also installed on the top of the rear-mounted frame; and a pneumatic extension system is installed inside the assembly chute. At the same time, a deep subsoiling depth control system is installed on the pneumatic extension system, and an aeration subsoiling system connected to the air source assembly is installed on the deep subsoiling depth control system.

[0010] Further, the pneumatic extension system includes two sets of extension components symmetrically designed with the central axis of the rear trailer frame as the center; each set of extension components includes an extension arm that is slidably installed inside the assembly chute and is hollow. Inside each extension arm of each set of extension components, there is an extension cylinder installed. The tails of the two extension cylinders are both fixedly connected to the middle of the inner side of the assembly chute through positioning columns. The extension and contraction of the extension cylinders drive the extension arms to expand and contract within the assembly chute, so as to adjust the lateral position of the air-blasting deep loosening and change the distance between the following two probe bodies for air-blasting deep loosening; hinge brackets are installed at the ends of the two extension arms, and a guiding track chute is hinged at the top of the hinge bracket; between the guiding track chute and the extension arm in each set of extension components, there is a turning cylinder installed to drive the guiding track chute to turn; a strip-shaped slot is opened in the middle of the guiding track chute and near the hinge bracket; an avoidance notch is opened on the side of the extension arm; the design of the avoidance notch mainly facilitates the expansion and contraction of the extension arm and prevents obstacles from occurring between the extension arm and the air source joint of the extension cylinder during the movement of the extension arm. The extension and contraction of the turning cylinder drive the guiding track chute to turn on the hinge bracket. It should be further noted that after the turning cylinder is fully extended, the angle between the guiding track chute and the assembly chute is designed to be 90 degrees perpendicular; when the turning cylinder is fully contracted, the angle between the guiding track chute and the assembly chute is 45 degrees.

[0011] Further, the pneumatic extension system also includes a pressure regulator B and a solenoid valve D connected in series by a pipeline. The pressure regulator B is connected to the compressed air storage tank through an air delivery pipe C, and a solenoid valve E is installed in the middle section of the air delivery pipe C; the air outlet port of the solenoid valve D is connected to a pneumatic solenoid valve island through an air delivery pipe D; the air source ports of the extension cylinder and the turning cylinder are connected to the pneumatic solenoid valve island through an air delivery pipe E; among them, in order to protect the extension cylinder and the turning cylinder and avoid the risk of cylinder explosion due to excessive air source pressure, the output air pressure of the pressure regulator B is set within the air pressure value range for the safe use of conventional pneumatic telescopic cylinders, and the specific value is 0.6 - 1 Mpa. At the same time, a solenoid valve E is installed between the air delivery pipe C connecting the pressure regulator B and the compressed air storage tank. Its main function is to maintain the pressure inside the compressed air storage tank and also to cut off the air source when the subsequent extension unit is under maintenance or adjusting the set value of the pressure regulator B. While the extension cylinders and the turning cylinders in each set of extension components are supplied with air by the pneumatic solenoid valve island, with the help of the multi-unit integrated air conditioning function of the pneumatic solenoid valve island itself, independent control of each cylinder can be achieved, greatly improving the operation flexibility of the extension mechanism.

[0012] Furthermore, the deep tillage depth control system includes a hydraulic diverter valve and two sets of push-down mechanisms, wherein the main interface of the hydraulic diverter valve is used to connect to the hydraulic drive system of the agricultural tractor, and the depth of the aeration probe penetrating into the soil is controlled by the hydraulic system of the agricultural tractor, thereby adjusting the depth of aeration and deep tillage fertilization.

[0013] Specifically, the two groups of pushing mechanisms are respectively installed on the two groups of extension components; and each group of pushing mechanisms includes a hydraulic solenoid valve island, a first-level pushing hydraulic cylinder and a second-level pushing hydraulic cylinder; wherein, the hydraulic connection ports of the first-level pushing hydraulic cylinder and the second-level pushing hydraulic cylinder are connected to the hydraulic solenoid valve island, and the hydraulic solenoid valve island and the hydraulic diverter valve are connected through hydraulic oil pipes, and the multi-unit integrated control of the hydraulic solenoid valve island is utilized. When the same oil pressure system is the power source, the first-level pushing hydraulic cylinder and the second-level pushing hydraulic cylinder can be independently controlled, so that the aeration probe depth and soil depth adjustment in the two groups of air aeration deep loosening systems can be more flexible and changeable.

[0014] Furthermore, in order to achieve the purpose of controlling the depth of the aeration probe inside the soil, and also to cooperate with the air aeration deep loosening system to complete the aeration deep loosening and fertilization operation of the deep soil, the first-level push-down hydraulic cylinder is invertedly installed on the back of the guide rail slide and close to the top, and a push-pull frame is installed on the telescopic end of the first-level push-down hydraulic cylinder, and at the same time, a mounting seat that slides with the front of the guide rail slide is installed on one side of the push-pull frame after passing through the avoidance slot, and the second-level push-down hydraulic cylinder is vertically installed on the mounting seat; the hydraulic solenoid valve island is installed on the articulated frame in the extension assembly; at the same time, in order to realize the aeration deep loosening and fertilization operation, the second-level push-down hydraulic cylinder adopts a two-way double-rod hydraulic cylinder with a stroke of 50-70 cm; and the telescopic shaft of the second-level push-down hydraulic cylinder adopts a hollow design with both ends penetrated, so that the high-pressure airflow can pass through the telescopic shaft of the second-level push-down hydraulic cylinder and enter the inside of the aeration probe, thereby realizing aeration and fertilization.

[0015] Furthermore, in order to achieve deep tillage of the land, the air aeration deep tillage system includes an aeration gas storage tank, two buffer chambers and two aeration probes; the aeration gas storage tank is connected to the compressed air storage tank through a pipeline, and an electromagnetic valve F is installed on the pipeline connecting the aeration gas storage tank and the compressed air storage tank; the main function of the electromagnetic valve F is to cut off the air source when the subsequent air aeration deep tillage system is maintained and when the pressure limit value of the air pressure regulator C is adjusted, so as to improve operation safety.

[0016] Further, the air aeration and subsoiling system further includes a pneumatic regulator C and a solenoid valve G connected in series by a pipeline. The pneumatic regulator C is communicated with the aeration air storage tank through a high-pressure gas transmission pipeline. The air outlet port of the solenoid valve G is connected with an air delivery pipe F. The end of the air delivery pipe F is respectively connected with an air delivery pipe G through a tee joint. The two air delivery pipes G are respectively communicated with two buffer chambers. The two buffer chambers are respectively installed at the upper ends of the telescopic shafts of the secondary downward pushing hydraulic cylinders in two groups of downward pushing mechanisms; two aeration probes are respectively installed at the lower ends of the telescopic shafts of the secondary downward pushing hydraulic cylinders in two groups of downward pushing mechanisms; the function of the pneumatic regulator C is mainly to adjust the air pressure value output during aeration, so as to facilitate the operator to adjust the output air pressure according to the soil aeration depth requirement, so as to ensure the smooth completion of the aeration and subsoiling operation under soil layers of different depths. The solenoid valve G is the aeration switch. When the solenoid valve G is opened, high-pressure gas is transported to the two buffer chambers through the air delivery pipe F and the air delivery pipe G, and then enters the aeration probe through the hollow-structured telescopic shaft in the secondary downward pushing hydraulic cylinder, and is finally released in the soil layer to realize the aeration and subsoiling operation of the soil; it should be noted that each time aeration and subsoiling is carried out.

[0017] Further, the aeration probe includes a probe body with a hollow structure. A solid tapered end is integrally formed at the bottom end of the probe body. The design of the tapered end is mainly to reduce the resistance after the aeration probe is inserted into the soil layer; a docking head for connecting with the lower end of the telescopic shaft of the secondary downward pushing hydraulic cylinder is integrally formed at the top end of the probe body. The probe body is detachably connected with the lower end of the telescopic shaft of the secondary downward pushing hydraulic cylinder through the docking head by threads. Users can flexibly replace aeration probes of different lengths according to needs, and at the same time, it is also convenient for users to remove the aeration probe and clean the closed holes on the aeration probe; in order to enable deep soil layer aeration and subsoiling as well as fertilization to diverge from the aeration probe to the edge, a dispersing cone protruding upward is integrally formed at the top of the tapered end inside the probe body. A plurality of aeration holes are equidistantly arranged around the circumference at the position of the side wall of the probe body at the bottom of the dispersing cone. In order to make full use of the instantaneous burst energy of compressed air to effectively aerate the soil, and at the same time to prevent the aeration holes from being blocked by mud during the process of inserting the aeration probe into the soil, the aeration holes are integrally arranged at an upward inclination angle of 45-60 degrees, and an arc transition design is adopted between the bottom of the aeration holes and the bottom of the dispersing cone.

[0018] Furthermore, the buffer chamber includes a tank body installed at the upper end of the telescopic shaft of the secondary downward hydraulic cylinder. At the center position of the top end of the tank body, an aeration connection port for connecting the air delivery pipe G is integrally formed. On the side of the top of the tank body, a fertilization connection port is integrally formed. At the center position inside the fertilization connection port, a hollow positioning frame is integrally formed. At the center position of the hollow positioning frame, an inverted T-shaped cap is slidably installed. The size of the round cap of the T-shaped cap is adapted to the size of the fertilization connection port. The straight rod of the T-shaped cap passes through the hollow positioning frame horizontally and is fixedly provided with a limiting claw. A spring is provided between the limiting claw and the hollow positioning frame. The design of the T-shaped cap, the hollow positioning frame, the limiting claw and the spring inside the fertilization connection port is mainly to temporarily block the bottom outlet of the water and fertilizer storage tank, and at the same time to prevent the air inside the buffer chamber from entering the water and fertilizer storage tank, providing a basis for realizing front and back air aeration for the air aeration deep loosening system and the air spraying fertilization system, and also to be able to smoothly pour water and fertilizer into the water and fertilizer storage tank during the intermittent period of the air aeration operation.

[0019] It should be further noted that: the top end of the tank body is designed in a hemispherical shape, and the middle part of the tank body is integrally designed in a conical shape, so that the internal space of the entire buffer chamber has a hemispherical cavity design at the top and a funnel-shaped design in the middle. After the high-pressure gas enters the buffer chamber through the pipeline, due to the sudden increase in space, the compressed air expands, and there is a difference in the flow velocity between the central air flow and the edge air flow. And due to the continuous output of the high-pressure gas, the high-pressure gas entering the buffer chamber from the aeration connection port and the fertilization connection port forms a cyclone in the buffer chamber. The design of the buffer chamber is mainly to make the high-pressure gas expand rapidly and generate a local cyclone after entering the tank body, so that the cyclone generated by the high-pressure gas impacts the water and fertilizer entering the buffer chamber, disperses the water and fertilizer to make it atomized, and quickly enters the aeration probe with the high-pressure gas, and finally enters the deep soil with the ejection of the gas, so as to realize the simultaneous operation of air aeration deep loosening and fertilization.

[0020] Furthermore, in order to cooperate with the air aeration deep loosening system to synchronously complete the fertilization operation of the deep soil, the air spraying fertilization system includes a water and fertilizer tank, an air spraying gas storage tank and two water and fertilizer storage tanks; the two water and fertilizer storage tanks are respectively installed on the fertilization connection ports of the two buffer chambers. A delivery pump is installed at the bottom of the water and fertilizer tank. The output port of the delivery pump is respectively communicated with the two water and fertilizer storage tanks through two fertilizer delivery pipes. And solenoid valves A are installed at one ends of the two fertilizer delivery pipes close to the water and fertilizer storage tanks. The function of the solenoid valve A is to prevent the high-pressure gas entering the water and fertilizer storage tank from flowing back into the fertilizer delivery pipe.

[0021] Furthermore, the air injection gas storage tank is connected to the compressed air storage tank through a pipeline, and a solenoid valve B is installed on the pipeline connecting the air injection gas storage tank and the compressed air storage tank. The function of the solenoid valve B is to cut off the gas source during the subsequent maintenance of the air injection fertilization system and when adjusting the pressure limit value of the pressure regulator A, so as to improve the operation safety.

[0022] Furthermore, the air injection fertilization system further includes a pressure regulator A and a solenoid valve C connected in series by a pipeline; the pressure regulator A is connected to the air outlet port of the air injection gas storage tank through a high-pressure gas transmission pipeline; the air outlet port of the solenoid valve C is connected to an air delivery pipe A, and the end of the air delivery pipe A is connected to two air delivery pipes B through a tee joint, and the end of the air delivery pipe B is connected to the top of the water and fertilizer temporary storage tank. Among them, the function of the pressure regulator A is to adjust the air pressure value output during air injection so that it can be adaptively adjusted according to the air pressure value in the air exposure subsoiling system, so as to facilitate the air injection fertilization system to perform double air exposure subsoiling operation on the deep soil in combination with the air exposure subsoiling system.

[0023] It should be further noted that the opening time of the solenoid valve C in the air injection fertilization system is delayed by 0.5 seconds to 1 second compared with the solenoid valve G in the air exposure subsoiling system. By means of the air exposure subsoiling system to perform air exposure subsoiling in the soil first to expand the soil gap, the high-pressure gas in the air injection fertilization system follows the air exposure subsoiling system and performs the second air exposure in the soil. While further expanding the soil gap and crack depth, the high-pressure air in the second air exposure can carry the atomized water and fertilizer and effectively enter the deep soil interior, achieving the effect of deep soil fertilization.

[0024] Furthermore, to facilitate the smooth injection of water and fertilizer into the water and fertilizer storage tank during the pre - preparation interval of the air - aerated subsoiling operation, the water and fertilizer storage tank is set at an inclined angle at the top of the buffer chamber. After the guide rail chute is inclined, the horizontal height of the water and fertilizer storage tank is lower than that of the buffer chamber. During the preparation process before implementing air - aerated subsoiling fertilization, for example, when the agricultural tractor traction equipment moves, the entire subsoiling depth control system controls the reset of the first - stage push - down hydraulic cylinder and the second - stage push - down hydraulic cylinder, causing the mounting seat and the aeration probe to be lifted and separated from the ground. At the same time, the flipping cylinder in the pneumatic extension system contracts, causing the entire guide rail chute and the aeration probe to tilt, further lifting the aeration probe. At this time, the fertilization connection port of the buffer chamber is higher than the water and fertilizer storage tank. When the transfer pump works, water and fertilizer are transported into the water and fertilizer storage tank, expelling the gas and pushing open the T - shaped cap, which is discharged from the buffer chamber. When the injection of water and fertilizer is completed, solenoid valve A is closed, and the T - shaped cap, under the action of the spring and the limit claw, temporarily seals the fertilization connection port to prevent the leakage of water and fertilizer from the water and fertilizer storage tank during the process of the aeration probe vertically inserting into the soil. After the air - aerated subsoiling system implements air - aerated subsoiling on the soil, solenoid valve C in the air - jet fertilization system is opened, and high - pressure compressed air quickly rushes into the water and fertilizer storage tank, causing the internal air pressure of the water and fertilizer storage tank to suddenly increase. At the same time, it pushes open the T - shaped cap to seal the fertilization connection port. The high - pressure gas carries the water and fertilizer and quickly enters the buffer chamber. During the process of the high - pressure gas filling the water and fertilizer storage tank and entering the buffer chamber and the aeration probe, the water and fertilizer are atomized, and the atomized water and fertilizer rush into the soil interior along with the high - pressure gas to implement deep - layer soil fertilization operations.

[0025] Furthermore, to adapt to the air - aerated subsoiling of different - depth soil layers, the output air pressures of air pressure regulator A and air pressure regulator C are 1.5 - 5 Mpa. Moreover, for the safety of the entire equipment during operation, the rated pressures of the compressed air storage tank, the air - jet gas storage tank, and the aeration gas storage tank are all greater than 6 Mpa, and safety pressure relief valves of 6 Mpa are installed at the bottoms of the air compression storage tank, the air - jet gas storage tank, and the aeration gas storage tank.

[0026] Furthermore, to facilitate the automatic control of air - aerated subsoiling and fertilization, a main control box is also installed at the front end of the rear hitch frame. The main control box is also electrically connected to solenoid valve A, solenoid valve B, solenoid valve C, solenoid valve D, solenoid valve E, solenoid valve F, solenoid valve G, pneumatic solenoid valve island, hydraulic solenoid valve island, and the transfer pump, so as to facilitate the main control box to send control commands to the corresponding solenoid valves or valve islands, thereby completing the coordinated operation between various mechanisms and systems. Beneficial effects

[0027] The present invention relates to an agricultural machinery equipment mounted on an agricultural tractor. It is towed by the rear suspension of the agricultural tractor and, in cooperation with a rear-wheel drive transmission mechanism, provides power to independently generate a stable air source. Moreover, through the needle-type aeration subsoiling system and the subsoiling depth control system provided in the whole device, not only can the depth of soil subsoiling operation easily exceed 70 cm, effectively improving the internal structure of deep soil, but also the subsoiling depth can be flexibly adjusted according to the soil characteristics and the actual needs of the planted crops. At the same time, with the setting of the pneumatic extension system and the air spraying fertilization system, the agricultural machinery carrier can not only perform fixed-point aeration subsoiling according to requirements, but also the air spraying fertilization system, combined with the aeration subsoiling system, can realize double-sided aeration subsoiling before and after, and can effectively perform synchronous fertilization operation on the inside of deep soil. The whole process of aeration subsoiling and fertilization operation has little resistance; the power requirement for agricultural machinery is much less than that of the current plow-type towed subsoiling equipment, and the agricultural machinery does not need to operate at full load throughout the process, which can effectively extend the service life of the agricultural machinery. In addition, the aeration subsoiling process is only completed by the aeration probe penetrating into the soil interior. Compared with the traditional tillage and plow subsoiling operations, it has a better protection effect on the soil surface structure and can effectively reduce the water loss in the surface soil after soil subsoiling. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an integrated aeration subsoiling and fertilization device of the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0029] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an integrated aeration subsoiling and fertilization device of the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0030] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an integrated aeration subsoiling and fertilization device of the present invention Figure 3 ;

[0031] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure after the combination of the air spraying fertilization system, the pneumatic extension system, the subsoiling depth control system and the air aeration subsoiling system in the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pneumatic extension system in the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0033] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pneumatic extension system in the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0034] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the subsoiling depth control system in the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0035] Figure 8Structural schematic of the subsoiling depth control system in the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0036] Figure 9 Structural schematic of the air-blowing subsoiling system in the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0037] Figure 10 Structural schematic of the air-blowing subsoiling system in the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0038] Figure 11 Structural schematic of the air-injection fertilization system in the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0039] Figure 12 Structural schematic of the air-injection fertilization system in the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0040] Figure 13 Cross-sectional structural schematic of the buffer chamber in the air-blowing subsoiling system of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 14 Cross-sectional structural schematic of the aeration probe in the air-blowing subsoiling system of the present invention.

[0042] In the figure: 1. Rear hitch frame; 2. Speed-increasing type gear transmission; 3. Piston air compressor; 4. Compressed air storage tank; 5. Air spray fertilization system; 501. Water and fertilizer tank; 502. Air spray gas storage tank; 503. Water and fertilizer temporary storage tank; 504. Delivery pump; 505. Fertilizer delivery pipe; 506. Solenoid valve A; 507. Solenoid valve B; 508. Pressure regulator A; 509. Solenoid valve C; 510. Air delivery pipe A; 511. Air delivery pipe B; 6. Pneumatic extension system; 601. Extension arm; 602. Hinge frame; 603. Guide rail chute; 604. Tipping cylinder; 605. Slot hole; 606. Extension cylinder; 607. Positioning column; 608. Air delivery pipe C; 609. Pressure regulator B; 610. Solenoid valve D; 611. Solenoid valve E; 612. Air delivery pipe D; 613. Pneumatic solenoid valve island; 614. Air delivery pipe E; 615. Avoidance notch; 7. Subsoiling depth control system; 701. Hydraulic flow divider valve; 702. Hydraulic solenoid valve island; 703. First-stage downward push hydraulic cylinder; 704. Mounting seat; 705. Push-pull frame; 706. Second-stage downward push hydraulic cylinder; 707. Hydraulic oil pipe; 8. Air aeration subsoiling system; 801. Aeration gas storage tank; 802. Solenoid valve F; 803. Pressure regulator C; 804. Solenoid valve G; 805. Air delivery pipe F; 806. Air delivery pipe G; 807. Buffer chamber; 871. Tank body; 872. Aeration connection port; 873. Fertilization connection port; 874. Hollow positioning frame; 875. T-shaped cap; 876. Limiting claw; 877. Spring; 808. Aeration probe; 881. Probe body; 882. Docking head; 883. Dispersion cone; 884. Aeration hole; 9. Assembly chute; 10. Universal drive shaft; 11. Main control box; 12. Suspension connection seat; 13. Inflation pipeline; 14. Check valve. Detailed implementation manners

[0043] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the present invention in combination with the drawings and the descriptions of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following descriptions of the structures of the drawings are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts. It should be noted here that the descriptions of these embodiments are used to help understand the present invention, but do not constitute a limitation to the present invention. Embodiment

[0044] For the currently common sled-type deep tillage and loosening equipment, when using agricultural tractors for traction, there are high requirements for the power of agricultural tractors. And limited by the power of conventional agricultural tractors, the depth of deep tillage and loosening generally does not exceed 50 cm. In addition, during the deep loosening of the soil, the agricultural machinery needs to run continuously at full load, which causes serious wear and tear on the equipment and affects its service life. Secondly, this sled-type deep loosening agricultural machinery is only suitable for continuous traction and loosening of the soil, and cannot implement fixed-point deep loosening and fertilization operations on the soil in a small designated area. The problem of its serious lack of operational flexibility, we have proposed a new agricultural aeration deep loosening and fertilization integrated device that is flexible in operation and driven by agricultural machinery; the specific plan is as follows:

[0045] like Figures 1-4 As shown, the present embodiment provides an integrated aeration and deep loosening and fertilization device, including a rear trailer frame 1, a front end of the rear trailer frame 1 is fixed with a suspension connection seat 12 for connecting with the rear suspension of the rear agricultural tractor, and at the same time, an assembly slide 9 with an opening facing backward and designed horizontally is integrally formed at the tail end of the rear trailer frame 1, and the assembly slide 9 is preferably a steel trough with a "C"-shaped cross section; since the present device adopts soil aeration and deep loosening technology to implement aeration and deep loosening of the soil while realizing the fertilization operation of agricultural fertilizers, and the entire equipment moves with the agricultural tractor during use, in order to reasonably utilize the rear drive transmission function of the agricultural tractor and independently generate a high-pressure air source, an air source component is installed on the top of the rear trailer frame 1, wherein the air source component includes a speed-increasing gear transmission 2, a piston air compressor 3 and a compressed air storage tank 4, and the piston air compressor 3 adopts an industrial-grade 4-6 MPa multi-stage compression piston air compressor 3 to ensure that the compressed air with sufficient pressure is generated in cooperation with the agricultural tractor to meet the needs of soil aeration and deep loosening and fertilization.

[0046] Specifically, the rotating shaft of the piston air compressor 3 is drivingly connected to the output shaft of the speed-increasing gear transmission box 2. The input shaft of the speed-increasing gear transmission box 2 is equipped with a universal transmission shaft 10 for drivingly connecting to the rear driving force transmission shaft of the agricultural tractor. The air output port of the piston air compressor 3 is connected to the compressed air storage tank 4 through an inflation pipe 13. A one-way valve 14 is installed in the middle section of the inflation pipe 13 to prevent air return when the piston air compressor 3 delivers air to the compressed air storage tank 4.

[0047] The rear drive shaft of the agricultural tractor is connected to the input end of the speed-increasing gear box 2 through the universal joint transmission shaft 10. After passing through the speed-increasing gear box 2, the piston punching machine is driven to operate at an output speed much higher than that of the rear drive shaft of the agricultural tractor. This can avoid the normal working requirements of the piston air compressor 3 and the need to increase the speed of the rear drive shaft of the agricultural tractor to meet the speed requirement of the air compressor, thereby avoiding continuous high-load operation of the agricultural tractor.

[0048] In order to achieve deep soil fertilization operation, an air spray fertilization system 5 is also installed on the top of the rear hitch frame 1; and a pneumatic extension system 6 is installed inside the assembly chute 9. At the same time, a deep loosening depth control system 7 is installed on the pneumatic extension system 6, and an air aeration deep loosening system 8 connected to the air source assembly is installed on the deep loosening depth control system 7.

[0049] As Figures 1-6 shown, the pneumatic extension system 6 includes two sets of extension components symmetrically designed with the central axis of the rear hitch frame 1 as the center; each set of extension components includes an extension arm 601 that is slidably installed inside the assembly chute 9 and is hollow. Inside each extension arm 601 in each set of extension components, an extension cylinder 606 is installed. The tails of the two extension cylinders 606 are fixedly connected to the middle part inside the assembly chute 9 through positioning columns 607. The extension and contraction of the extension cylinder 606 drive the extension arm 601 to expand and contract inside the assembly chute 9, so as to adjust the lateral position of the air aeration deep loosening and change the distance between the following two probe bodies 881 for air aeration deep loosening; Hinged frames 602 are installed at the ends of the two extension arms 601, and a guide rail chute 603 is hinged at the top of the hinged frame 602; A turning cylinder 604 for driving the guide rail chute 603 to turn is installed between the guide rail chute 603 and the extension arm 601 in each set of extension components; A strip-shaped slot 605 is opened in the middle of the guide rail chute 603 and near the hinged frame 602; An avoidance notch 615 is opened on the side of the extension arm 601; The main function of the design of the avoidance notch 615 is to facilitate the expansion and contraction of the extension arm 601 and prevent obstacles from occurring between the extension arm 601 and the air source joint of the extension cylinder 606 during the movement. The extension and contraction of the turning cylinder 604 drive the guide rail chute 603 to turn on the hinged frame 602. It should be further noted that after the turning cylinder 604 is fully extended, the angle between the guide rail chute 603 and the assembly chute 9 is designed to be 90 degrees perpendicular; and after the turning cylinder 604 is fully retracted, the angle between the guide rail chute 603 and the assembly chute 9 is 45 degrees.

[0050] As Figures 5-6As shown, the pneumatic extension system 6 also includes an air pressure regulator B609 and a solenoid valve D610 connected in series by pipelines. The air pressure regulator B609 is connected to the compressed air storage tank 4 through an air supply pipe C608, and a solenoid valve E611 is installed in the middle section of the air supply pipe C608; the air outlet port of the solenoid valve D610 is connected to the pneumatic solenoid valve island 613 through an air supply pipe D612; the air source ports of the extension cylinder 606 and the flip cylinder 604 are connected to the pneumatic solenoid valve island 613 through an air supply pipe E614; wherein, in order to protect the extension cylinder 606 and the flip cylinder 604 and avoid the risk of cylinder explosion due to excessive air source pressure, the output air pressure of the air pressure regulator B609 is set at the conventional pneumatic extension system. The air pressure range for safe use of the cylinder is 0.6-1Mpa. At the same time, a solenoid valve E611 is installed between the air supply pipe C608 connecting the air pressure regulator B609 and the compressed air storage tank 4. Its main function is to maintain the internal pressure of the compressed air storage tank 4, and to cut off the air source when the subsequent extension unit is maintained or the set value of the air pressure regulator B609 is adjusted. The extension cylinder 606 and the flip cylinder 604 in each group of extension components are supplied with air by the pneumatic solenoid valve island 613. With the help of the multi-unit integrated air conditioning function of the pneumatic solenoid valve island 613 itself, each cylinder can be independently controlled, which greatly improves the operational flexibility of the extension mechanism.

[0051] like Figures 7-8 As shown, the deep tillage depth control system 7 includes a hydraulic diverter valve 701 and two sets of push-down mechanisms, wherein the main interface of the hydraulic diverter valve 701 is used to connect to the hydraulic drive system of the agricultural tractor, and the depth of the aeration probe 808 inside the soil is controlled by the hydraulic system of the agricultural tractor, thereby adjusting the depth of aeration and deep tillage fertilization.

[0052] Specifically, the two groups of pushing mechanisms are respectively installed on the two groups of extension components; and each group of pushing mechanisms includes a hydraulic solenoid valve island 702, a first-level pushing hydraulic cylinder 703 and a second-level pushing hydraulic cylinder 706; wherein, the hydraulic connection ports of the first-level pushing hydraulic cylinder 703 and the second-level pushing hydraulic cylinder 706 are connected to the hydraulic solenoid valve island 702, and the hydraulic solenoid valve island 702 and the hydraulic diverter valve 701 are connected through hydraulic oil pipes 707. By utilizing the multi-unit integrated control of the hydraulic solenoid valve island 702, when the same oil pressure system is the power source, the first-level pushing hydraulic cylinder 703 and the second-level pushing hydraulic cylinder 706 can be independently controlled, so that the depth adjustment of the aeration probes 808 in the two groups of air aeration deep loosening systems 8 can be more flexible and changeable.

[0053] In order to achieve the purpose of controlling the depth of the aeration probe 808 inside the soil, and also to cooperate with the air aeration deep loosening system 8 to complete the aeration deep loosening and fertilization operation of the deep soil, such as Figure 4As shown in the figure, its first-stage push-down hydraulic cylinder 703 is installed in an inverted manner on the back of the guide rail chute 603 near the top, and a push-pull frame 705 is installed at the telescopic end of the first-stage push-down hydraulic cylinder 703. At the same time, a mounting seat 704 that is slidably engaged with the front of the guide rail chute 603 is installed on one side of the push-pull frame 705 after passing through the avoidance notch 615, and the second-stage push-down hydraulic cylinder 706 is vertically installed on the mounting seat 704; the hydraulic solenoid valve island 702 is installed on the articulated frame 602 in the extension assembly; at the same time, in order to realize the aeration and deep loosening and fertilization operations, its second-stage push-down hydraulic cylinder 706 adopts a double-acting double-rod hydraulic cylinder with a stroke of 50-70 cm; and the telescopic shaft of the second-stage push-down hydraulic cylinder 706 adopts a hollow design with both ends passing through, so that high-pressure air can enter the inside of the aeration probe 808 after passing through the telescopic shaft of the second-stage push-down hydraulic cylinder 706, thereby realizing aeration and fertilization.

[0054] In order to achieve deep loosening of the land, as Figures 9-10 shown, its air-aeration deep loosening system 8 includes an aeration air storage tank 801, two buffer chambers 807 and two aeration probes 808; the aeration air storage tank 801 is connected to the compressed air storage tank 4 through a pipeline, and a solenoid valve F802 is installed on the pipeline connecting the aeration air storage tank 801 and the compressed air storage tank 4; the main function of the solenoid valve F802 is to cut off the air source during the subsequent maintenance of the air-aeration deep loosening system 8 and when adjusting the pressure limit value of the pressure regulator C803, so as to improve the operation safety.

[0055] The air-aeration deep loosening system 8 also includes a pressure regulator C803 and a solenoid valve G804 connected in series by a pipeline. The pressure regulator C803 is connected to the aeration air storage tank 801 through a high-pressure gas transmission pipeline. The outlet port of the solenoid valve G804 is connected with an air delivery pipe F805. The end of the air delivery pipe F805 is respectively connected with an air delivery pipe G806 through a tee joint. The two air delivery pipes G806 are respectively communicated with the two buffer chambers 807. The two buffer chambers 807 are respectively installed at the upper ends of the telescopic shafts of the second-stage push-down hydraulic cylinders 706 in the two groups of push-down mechanisms; the two aeration probes 808 are respectively installed at the lower ends of the telescopic shafts of the second-stage push-down hydraulic cylinders 706 in the two groups of push-down mechanisms; the main function of the pressure regulator C803 is to adjust the air pressure value output during aeration, so that the operator can adjust the output air pressure according to the soil aeration depth requirement to ensure the smooth completion of the aeration and deep loosening operation at different depths of the soil layer. The solenoid valve G804 is the aeration switch. When the solenoid valve G804 is opened, high-pressure gas is delivered to the two buffer chambers 807 through the air delivery pipe F805 and the air delivery pipe G806, and then enters the aeration probe 808 through the hollow-structured telescopic shaft in the second-stage push-down hydraulic cylinder 706 and is finally released in the soil layer to realize the aeration and deep loosening operation of the soil; it should be noted that every time aeration and deep loosening is carried out.

[0056] As shown Figure 14 in the figure, the aeration probe 808 includes a probe body 881 with a hollow structure. At the bottom end of the probe body 881, a solid tapered end is integrally formed. The design of the tapered end is mainly to reduce the resistance after the aeration probe 808 is inserted into the soil layer. At the top end of the probe body 881, a docking head 882 for connecting to the lower end of the telescopic shaft of the secondary downward hydraulic cylinder 706 is integrally formed. The probe body 881 is detachably connected to the lower end of the telescopic shaft of the secondary downward hydraulic cylinder 706 through the docking head 882 by a threaded connection. Users can flexibly replace the aeration probe 808 with different lengths according to their needs. At the same time, it is also convenient for users to clean the closed holes on the aeration probe 808 after removing the aeration probe 808. In order to enable deep soil aeration and subsoiling as well as fertilization to diverge from the aeration probe 808 towards the edge, a dispersing cone 883 that protrudes upward is integrally formed on the inner side of the probe body 881 at the top of the tapered end. A number of aeration holes 884 are equidistantly arranged around the circumference on the side wall of the probe body 881 at the position of the bottom of the dispersing cone 883. In order to make full use of the instantaneous burst energy of compressed air to effectively aerate the soil, and at the same time to prevent the soil from blocking the aeration holes 884 during the process of inserting the aeration probe 808 into the soil, the aeration holes 884 are arranged at an upward inclination angle of 45 - 60 degrees as a whole, and an arc transition design is adopted between the bottom of the aeration holes 884 and the bottom of the dispersing cone 883.

[0057] As shown Figure 13 in the figure, the buffer chamber 807 includes a tank body 871 installed at the upper end of the telescopic shaft of the secondary downward hydraulic cylinder 706. At the center position of the top end of the tank body 871, an aeration connection port 872 for connecting the air delivery pipe G806 is integrally formed. And at the side of the top of the tank body 871, a fertilization connection port 873 is integrally formed. At the center position inside the fertilization connection port 873, a hollow positioning frame 874 is integrally formed. An inverted T-shaped cap 875 is slidably installed at the center position of the hollow positioning frame 874. The size of the round cap of the T-shaped cap 875 is adapted to the size of the fertilization connection port 873. The straight rod of the T-shaped cap 875 horizontally fixes a limiting claw 876 after sliding through the hollow positioning frame 874. A spring 877 is arranged between the limiting claw 876 and the hollow positioning frame 874. The design of the T-shaped cap 875, the hollow positioning frame 874, the limiting claw 876 and the spring 877 inside the fertilization connection port 873 is mainly to temporarily block the bottom outlet of the water and fertilizer storage tank 503, and at the same time to prevent the air inside the buffer chamber 807 from entering the water and fertilizer storage tank 503, providing a basis for the front and back air aeration of the air aeration and subsoiling system 8 and the air spraying and fertilization system 5, and at the same time to be able to smoothly pour water and fertilizer into the water and fertilizer storage tank 503 during the intermittent period of the air aeration operation.

[0058] It should be further noted that: the top of the tank body 871 is designed in a hemispherical shape, and the middle part of the tank body 871 is designed in a conical shape as a whole, so that the internal space of the entire buffer chamber 807 has a hemispherical cavity design at the top and a funnel-shaped design in the middle. After the high-pressure gas enters the buffer chamber 807 through the pipeline, due to the sudden increase in space, the compressed air expands, and there is a difference in the flow rates of the central air flow and the edge air flow. Due to the continuous output of the high-pressure gas, the high-pressure gas entering the buffer chamber 807 from the aeration connection port 872 and the fertilization connection port 873 forms a cyclone in the buffer chamber 807. The design of the buffer chamber 807 is mainly to enable the high-pressure gas to expand rapidly and generate a local cyclone after entering the interior of the tank body 871, so that the cyclone generated by the high-pressure gas impacts the water and fertilizer entering the buffer chamber 807, disperses the water and fertilizer to atomize it, and then quickly enters the interior of the aeration probe 808 along with the high-pressure gas, and finally enters the deep soil interior along with the ejection of the gas, thereby realizing the simultaneous operation of aeration deep loosening and fertilization.

[0059] In order to cooperate with the air aeration deep loosening system 8 to complete the fertilization operation of the deep soil synchronously, as Figures 11-12 shown, its air spraying fertilization system 5 includes a water and fertilizer tank 501, an air spraying gas storage tank 502 and two water and fertilizer temporary storage tanks 503; the two water and fertilizer temporary storage tanks 503 are respectively installed on the fertilization connection ports 873 on the two buffer chambers 807. A delivery pump 504 is installed at the bottom of the water and fertilizer tank 501. The output ports of the delivery pump 504 are respectively communicated with the two water and fertilizer temporary storage tanks 503 through two fertilizer delivery pipes 505, and solenoid valves A506 are installed at one end of the two fertilizer delivery pipes 505 close to the water and fertilizer temporary storage tanks 503. The function of the solenoid valve A506 is to prevent the high-pressure gas entering the interior of the water and fertilizer temporary storage tank 503 from flowing back into the fertilizer delivery pipe 505.

[0060] The air spraying gas storage tank 502 is communicated with the compressed air storage tank 4 through a pipeline, and a solenoid valve B507 is installed on the pipeline connecting the air spraying gas storage tank 502 and the compressed air storage tank 4. The function of the solenoid valve B507 is to cut off the gas source during the subsequent maintenance of the air spraying fertilization system 5 and when adjusting the pressure limit value of the pressure regulator A508, so as to improve the operation safety.

[0061] The air-jet fertilization system 5 further includes a pneumatic pressure regulator A508 and a solenoid valve C509 connected in series by a pipeline; the pneumatic pressure regulator A508 is communicated with the air outlet port of the air-jet gas storage tank 502 through a high-pressure gas pipeline; the air outlet port of the solenoid valve C509 is connected with an air delivery pipe A510, and the end of the air delivery pipe A510 is connected with two air delivery pipes B511 through a tee joint, and the ends of the air delivery pipes B511 are communicated with the top of the water and fertilizer temporary storage tank 503. Among them, the function of the pneumatic pressure regulator A508 is to adjust the air pressure value output during air-jet so that it can be adaptively adjusted according to the air pressure value in the air-aeration subsoiling system 8, so as to facilitate the air-jet fertilization system 5 to perform double air-aeration subsoiling operation on the deep soil in combination with the air-aeration subsoiling system 8.

[0062] It should be further noted that the opening time of the solenoid valve C509 in the air-jet fertilization system 5 is delayed by 0.5 second to 1 second compared with the solenoid valve G804 in the air-aeration subsoiling system 8. By means of the air-aeration subsoiling system 8 to perform air-aeration subsoiling in the soil first to expand the soil gaps, the high-pressure gas in the air-jet fertilization system 5 follows the air-aeration subsoiling system 8 to perform the second air-aeration in the soil. While further expanding the soil gaps and the crack depth, the high-pressure air in the second air-aeration can carry the atomized water and fertilizer and effectively enter the deep soil interior to achieve the effect of deep soil fertilization.

[0063] In order to facilitate the smooth injection of water and fertilizer into the interior of the water and fertilizer storage tank 503 during the preparatory interval of the air-aerated subsoiling operation, the water and fertilizer storage tank 503 is arranged at an inclined angle at the top of the buffer chamber 807. After the guiding rail chute 603 is inclined, the horizontal height of the water and fertilizer storage tank 503 is lower than that of the buffer chamber 807. During the preparation process before implementing air-aerated subsoiling fertilization, for example, when the agricultural tractor traction equipment moves, the entire subsoiling depth control system 7 controls the first-stage push-down hydraulic cylinder 703 and the second-stage push-down hydraulic cylinder 706 to reset, so that the mounting seat 704 and the aeration probe 808 are lifted and separated from the ground. At the same time, the tilting cylinder 604 in the pneumatic extension system 6 contracts, causing the entire guiding rail chute 603 and the aeration probe 808 to tilt, further lifting the aeration probe 808. At this time, the fertilization connection port 873 of the buffer chamber 807 is higher than the water and fertilizer storage tank 503. When the delivery pump 504 works, water and fertilizer are transported into the water and fertilizer storage tank 503, displacing the gas to push open the T-shaped cap 875 and discharging it from the buffer chamber 807. When the injection of water and fertilizer is completed, the solenoid valve A506 closes, and the T-shaped cap 875, under the action of the spring 877 and the limit claw 876, temporarily plugs the fertilization connection port 873 to prevent the leakage of water and fertilizer from the water and fertilizer storage tank 503 during the process of the aeration probe 808 vertically inserting into the soil. After the air-aerated subsoiling system 8 implements air-aerated subsoiling on the soil, the solenoid valve C509 in the air spraying fertilization system 5 is opened, and high-pressure compressed air quickly rushes into the water and fertilizer storage tank 503, causing the internal air pressure of the water and fertilizer storage tank 503 to suddenly increase while pushing open the plug of the fertilization connection port 873 by the T-shaped cap 875. The high-pressure gas carries the water and fertilizer and quickly enters the buffer chamber 807. During the process of the high-pressure gas filling the water and fertilizer storage tank 503 and entering the buffer chamber 807 and the interior of the aeration probe 808, the water and fertilizer are atomized, and the atomized water and fertilizer rush into the soil interior along with the high-pressure gas to implement the fertilization operation of the deep soil layer.

[0064] In order to adapt to the air-aerated subsoiling of different depth soil layers, the output air pressures of the air pressure regulator A508 and the air pressure regulator C803 are 1.5 - 5 Mpa. Moreover, for the safety of the entire equipment during operation, the rated pressures of the compressed air storage tank 4, the air spraying gas storage tank 502, and the aeration gas storage tank 801 are all greater than 6 Mpa, and safety pressure relief valves of 6 Mpa are provided at the bottoms of the air compression storage tank, the air spraying gas storage tank 502, and the aeration gas storage tank 801.

[0065] For the convenience of the automatic control of aeration subsoiling and fertilization, a main control box 11 is also installed at the front end of the rear hitch frame 1, and the main control box 11 is also electrically connected to solenoid valve A506, solenoid valve B507, solenoid valve C509, solenoid valve D610, solenoid valve E611, solenoid valve F802, solenoid valve G804, pneumatic solenoid valve island 613, hydraulic solenoid valve island 702 and delivery pump 504 respectively, so that the main control box 11 can send control instructions to the corresponding solenoid valves or valve islands, thereby completing the coordinated operation among various mechanisms and systems.

[0066] Finally, it should be noted that the above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An integrated device for aeration, subsoiling and fertilization, comprising a rear hitch frame (1), and a hitch connecting seat (12) for connecting with the rear suspension of an agricultural tractor is fixedly arranged at the front end of the rear hitch frame (1), and is characterized in that: At the tail end of the rear hitch frame (1), a transverse assembly chute (9) is integrally formed; at the top of the rear hitch frame (1), an air source assembly and an air-spray fertilization system (5) are respectively installed; inside the assembly chute (9), a pneumatic extension system (6) is installed, on the pneumatic extension system (6), a subsoiling depth control system (7) is installed, and on the subsoiling depth control system (7), an air-blowing subsoiling system (8) connected to the air source assembly is installed. The air source assembly includes a speed-increasing type gearbox (2), a piston air compressor (3), and a compressed air storage tank (4). The subsoiling depth control system (7) includes a hydraulic flow divider valve (701) and two sets of downward pushing mechanisms. Each set of downward pushing mechanisms includes a hydraulic solenoid valve island (702), a first-stage downward pushing hydraulic cylinder (703), and a second-stage downward pushing hydraulic cylinder (706). The air-blowing subsoiling system (8) includes an aeration air storage tank (801), two buffer chambers (807), and two aeration probes (808); the aeration air storage tank (801) is communicated with the compressed air storage tank (4) through a pipeline, and a solenoid valve F (802) is installed on the pipeline connecting the aeration air storage tank (801) and the compressed air storage tank (4). The air-blowing subsoiling system (8) further includes a pneumatic pressure regulator C (803) and a solenoid valve G (804) connected in series by a pipeline. The pneumatic pressure regulator C (803) is communicated with the aeration air storage tank (801) through a high-pressure air pipeline. The air outlet port of the solenoid valve G (804) is connected with an air pipeline F (805). The end of the air pipeline F (805) is respectively connected with an air pipeline G (806) through a three-way joint. The two air pipelines G (806) are respectively communicated with the two buffer chambers (807); the two buffer chambers (807) are respectively installed at the upper ends of the telescopic shafts of the second-stage downward pushing hydraulic cylinders (706) in the two sets of downward pushing mechanisms; the two aeration probes (808) are respectively installed at the lower ends of the telescopic shafts of the second-stage downward pushing hydraulic cylinders (706) in the two sets of downward pushing mechanisms. The buffer chamber (807) includes a tank body (871) installed at the upper end of the telescopic shaft of the second-stage downward pushing hydraulic cylinder (706). At the central position of the top end of the tank body (871), an aeration connection port (872) for connecting the air pipeline G (806) is integrally formed; and at the side of the top of the tank body (871), a fertilization connection port (873) is integrally formed. At the central position inside the fertilization connection port (873), a hollow positioning frame (874) is integrally formed. At the central position of the hollow positioning frame (874), an inverted T-shaped cap (875) is slidably installed. The size of the round cap of the T-shaped cap (875) is adapted to the size of the fertilization connection port (873). The straight rod of the T-shaped cap (875) slidably passes through the hollow positioning frame (874) and is horizontally fixed with a limiting claw (876). A spring (877) is arranged between the limiting claw (876) and the hollow positioning frame (874). The air-jet fertilization system (5) includes a water-fertilizer tank (501), an air-jet gas storage tank (502), and two water-fertilizer temporary storage tanks (503); the two water-fertilizer temporary storage tanks (503) are respectively installed on the fertilization connection ports (873) on the two buffer chambers (807); The air-jet gas storage tank (502) is communicated with the compressed air storage tank (4) through a pipeline, and a solenoid valve B (507) is installed on the pipeline connecting the air-jet gas storage tank (502) and the compressed air storage tank (4). A delivery pump (504) is installed at the bottom of the water-fertilizer tank (501). The output port of the delivery pump (504) is communicated with the two water-fertilizer temporary storage tanks (503) respectively through two fertilizer delivery pipes (505), and solenoid valves A (506) are installed at one ends of the two fertilizer delivery pipes (505) close to the water-fertilizer temporary storage tanks (503); The air-jet fertilization system (5) further includes a pressure regulator A (508) and a solenoid valve C (509) connected in series by a pipeline; the pressure regulator A (508) is communicated with the air outlet port of the air-jet gas storage tank (502) through a high-pressure gas pipeline; the air outlet port of the solenoid valve C (509) is connected with an air delivery pipe A (510), and the end of the air delivery pipe A (510) is connected with two air delivery pipes B (511) through a tee joint. The ends of the air delivery pipes B (511) are communicated with the tops of the water-fertilizer temporary storage tanks (503).

2. The integrated aeration and subsoiling and fertilizing device according to claim 1, wherein: The rotating shaft of the piston air compressor (3) is in transmission connection with the output shaft of the speed-increasing type gear transmission (2). A universal drive shaft (10) for transmission connection with the rear driving power transmission shaft of an agricultural tractor is installed on the input shaft of the speed-increasing type gear transmission (2); The air output port of the piston air compressor (3) is communicated with the compressed air storage tank (4) through an inflation pipeline (13), and a one-way valve (14) is installed in the middle of the inflation pipeline (13).

3. The integrated aeration subsoiling and fertilization device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pneumatic extension system (6) includes two sets of extension components that are symmetrically designed with the central axis of the rear trailer frame (1) as the center; each set of extension components includes an extension arm (601) that is slidably installed inside the assembly chute (9) and is hollow. An extension cylinder (606) is installed inside each extension arm (601) in each set of extension components. The tails of the two extension cylinders (606) are fixedly connected to the middle part inside the assembly chute (9) through positioning columns (607); hinge brackets (602) are installed at the ends of the two extension arms (601), and a guide rail chute (603) is hinged at the top of the hinge bracket (602); a turning cylinder (604) for driving the guide rail chute (603) to turn is installed between the guide rail chute (603) and the extension arm (601) in each set of extension components; a strip-shaped slot (605) is opened in the middle of the guide rail chute (603) and near the hinge bracket (602); an avoidance notch (615) is opened on the side of the extension arm (601), and the water and fertilizer temporary storage tank (503) is arranged at an inclined angle at the top of the buffer chamber (807); when the guide rail chute (603) is inclined, the horizontal height of the water and fertilizer temporary storage tank (503) is lower than that of the buffer chamber (807). The pneumatic extension system (6) further includes a pressure regulator B (609) and a solenoid valve D (610) connected in series by a pipeline. The pressure regulator B (609) is connected to the compressed air storage tank (4) through an air delivery pipe C (608), and a solenoid valve E (611) is installed in the middle section of the air delivery pipe C (608); the air outlet port of the solenoid valve D (610) is connected to a pneumatic solenoid valve island (613) through an air delivery pipe D (612); the air source ports of the extension cylinder (606) and the turning cylinder (604) are connected to the pneumatic solenoid valve island (613) through an air delivery pipe E (614).

4. The integrated aeration subsoiling and fertilizing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The two sets of push-down mechanisms are respectively installed on the two sets of extension components; the hydraulic connection ports of the first-stage push-down hydraulic cylinder (703) and the second-stage push-down hydraulic cylinder (706) are connected to the hydraulic solenoid valve island (702) and between the hydraulic solenoid valve island (702) and the hydraulic flow divider valve (701) through hydraulic oil pipes (707). The first-stage push-down hydraulic cylinder (703) is installed in an inverted manner on the back of the guide rail chute (603) and near the top. A push-pull frame (705) is installed at the telescopic end of the first-stage push-down hydraulic cylinder (703). A mounting seat (704) that is slidably matched with the front of the guide rail chute (603) is installed on one side of the push-pull frame (705) through the avoidance notch (615). The second-stage push-down hydraulic cylinder (706) is vertically installed on the mounting seat (704); the hydraulic solenoid valve island (702) is installed on the hinge bracket (602) in the extension component. The second-stage push-down hydraulic cylinder (706) is a double-acting double-rod hydraulic cylinder with a stroke of 50 - 70 cm; the telescopic shaft of the second-stage push-down hydraulic cylinder (706) has a hollow design with both ends passing through each other.

5. The integrated aeration and subsoiling fertilization device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aeration probe (808) includes a probe body (881) with a hollow structure. A solid tapered end is integrally formed at the bottom end of the probe body (881). A docking head (882) for connecting to the lower end of the telescopic shaft of the secondary push hydraulic cylinder (706) is integrally formed at the top end of the probe body (881). A dispersing cone (883) protruding upward is integrally formed at the top of the tapered end, which is located inside the probe body (881). A plurality of aeration holes (884) are equidistantly arranged around the circumference on the side wall of the probe body (881) at the position of the bottom of the dispersing cone (883). The aeration holes (884) are arranged at an upward inclination angle of 45 - 60 degrees as a whole, and an arc transition design is adopted between the bottom of the aeration holes (884) and the bottom of the dispersing cone (883).

6. The integrated aeration subsoiling and fertilizing device according to claim 3, wherein: The piston air compressor (3) is an industrial - grade piston air compressor (3) with multi - stage compression of 4 - 6 MPa. The output air pressure set value of the air pressure regulator B (609) is 0.6 - 1 Mpa; the output air pressures of the air pressure regulator A (508) and the air pressure regulator C (803) are 1.5 - 5 Mpa; the rated pressures of the compressed air storage tank (4), the air injection storage tank (502), and the aeration storage tank (801) are all greater than 6 Mpa, and 6 - Mpa safety relief valves are provided at the bottoms of the air compression storage tank, the air injection storage tank (502), and the aeration storage tank (801).

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