A machine-friendly, light- and temperature-efficient solar greenhouse

Abstract

A mechanized light and temperature efficient solar greenhouse, which relates to the field of vegetable cultivation technology, includes a rear wall, a gable, a front roof and a cultivation bed, wherein a plurality of V-shaped cultivation trenches are arranged in parallel in the cultivation bed; the rear wall includes an inclined rear insulation wall and rear columns and front columns separated on both sides of the rear insulation wall. The present invention solves the problem that the solar greenhouse with thin walls of insulation materials in the traditional technology has insufficient heat storage and cannot meet the requirements of maintaining a suitable temperature in the greenhouse; and the existing mechanized solar greenhouse has difficulty in coordinating the number of cultivation rows with the width of the greenhouse, resulting in insufficient number of cultivation rows and low land utilization rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of vegetable cultivation, and particularly relates to a machine-adaptable light and temperature efficient solar greenhouse. Background Art

[0002] The thick soil wall has good heat storage capacity, can absorb and store solar heat during the day, and slowly release it at night to maintain the temperature in the greenhouse. Traditional thick soil walls are built with excavators and bulldozers, and the wall thickness is generally 5-7m. The walls occupy a large amount of land area, resulting in a low land utilization rate of the solar greenhouse. In order to improve the land utilization rate, it has become a development direction to use thermal insulation materials to replace the rammed earth design and build thin-wall solar greenhouses. However, the heat capacity of the thermal insulation material wall is relatively small, and its heat storage capacity is not as good as that of the thick soil wall, resulting in a relatively rapid temperature drop in the greenhouse at night, which is not conducive to the growth of crops and requires additional heating equipment to maintain a suitable temperature, increasing energy consumption and production costs. In order to improve the heat storage problem of the thin-wall solar greenhouse designed by replacing the thick soil wall with thermal insulation materials, people have begun to build thin-wall solar greenhouses by combining thermal insulation materials and phase change materials. However, the current mainstream phase change materials are still insufficient in terms of heat capacity relative to the heat demand of the greenhouse. Under extreme weather conditions such as severe cold regions in winter or continuous cloudy days, it is still impossible to meet the demand for maintaining a suitable temperature in the greenhouse.

[0003] A patent with the publication number CN119183838A is disclosed in the prior art, which discloses a solar greenhouse for machine-adaptable cultivation of vegetables, including a cultivation bed arranged in a sunken manner, a front roof surface, and a rear wall. The top end of the rear wall is inclined with a rear slope. The cultivation bed is provided with cultivation ridges along the east-west direction, and hanging vine wires are arranged directly above the cultivation ridges; the included angle A between the virtual connection line between the upper edge of the rear slope and the upper edge of the front vertical surface of the cultivation bed and the ground plane is the geographical latitude of the greenhouse - 10.5°. It solves the problems that in the traditional east-west cultivation ridges, due to the occlusion between the canopies, the light distribution in the ridges and between the ridges is uneven, the light received by the leaves on the north and south sides of the plants in the same ridge is uneven, and the light intensity on the north side is weaker than that on the south side; and the light distribution between different ridges is uneven, and the light intensity of the north ridge is weaker.

[0004] The prior art including the above-mentioned patent and literature gradually exposes deficiencies during use, mainly manifested in the following aspects:

[0005] First, when the thermal insulation material wall replaces the rammed earth structure wall, due to the poor heat storage capacity of the thermal insulation material, the thermal insulation material wall loses its heat storage function, and the heat storage of the solar greenhouse is completely borne by the soil in the cultivation bed. However, the existing facility technology cannot fully utilize the heat storage potential of the soil in the cultivation bed, and the heat demand of the greenhouse is insufficient.

[0006] Second, mechanized solar greenhouse cultivation is usually changed from the traditional north-south direction to the east-west direction. When the east-west direction is used, the cultivation rows create a shaded area behind them due to the obstruction between the canopies, resulting in the soil surface of the cultivation bed or the heat storage facilities being unable to fully receive light, further affecting the heat storage of the cultivation bed or the heat storage facilities.

[0007] Third, in order to allow the soil surface of the cultivation bed to fully receive sunlight, the existing technology usually requires a larger area to set up the soil heat storage surface, which will reduce the actual planting area to a certain extent and reduce the land utilization rate.

[0008] In summary, the prior art obviously has inconveniences and defects in practical use, so it is necessary to improve it. Summary of the invention

[0009] In view of the defects in the prior art, the present invention provides a mechanized light and temperature high-efficiency solar greenhouse to solve the problems that the solar greenhouse with thin walls of thermal insulation materials in traditional technology has insufficient heat storage and cannot meet the demand for maintaining a suitable temperature in the greenhouse; and the number of cultivation rows in the existing mechanized solar greenhouse is difficult to coordinate with the width of the greenhouse, resulting in insufficient number of cultivation rows and low land utilization rate.

[0010] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0011] A mechanized light and temperature efficient solar greenhouse comprises a rear wall, a gable, a front roof and a cultivation bed, wherein a plurality of V-shaped cultivation trenches are arranged in parallel in the cultivation bed; the rear wall comprises an inclined rear insulation wall and rear columns and front columns separated on both sides of the rear insulation wall.

[0012] As an optimized solution, the top end of the rear insulation wall is connected to the top end of the front column, and the bottom end of the rear insulation wall is connected to the bottom end of the rear column.

[0013] As an optimized solution, a top operating platform is connected between the top ends of the front columns and the top ends of the rear columns.

[0014] As an optimized solution, a heat storage soil platform is provided on the inner wall of the rear insulation wall near the bottom.

[0015] As an optimized solution, the rear insulation wall includes a supporting frame, a thermal insulation blanket is provided on the back of the supporting frame, and a polystyrene foam board and a reflective curtain are provided in sequence on the front of the supporting frame.

[0016] As an optimized solution, the gable comprises a supporting frame, and polystyrene foam boards are respectively provided on both sides of the supporting frame.

[0017] As an optimized solution, the included angle A between the virtual connection line between the top end of the front column and the bottom side edge of the front end of the front roof and the ground plane is the latitude - 10.5°.

[0018] As an optimized solution, hanging vine wires are arranged in parallel obliquely above the front part of the cultivation trench. The vertical distance between the hanging vine wires and the ground is 1.8 m. The included angle B between the plane where the hanging vine wires and the center line of the bottom of the cultivation trench are located and the ground is 100.5° - the latitude.

[0019] As an optimized solution, the spacing s between the rear column and the front column and the greenhouse height H are related as follows: s ≤ H / tan(100.5° - the latitude);

[0020] The greenhouse width L and the greenhouse height H are related as follows:

[0021] L = H / tan(latitude - 10.5°) + s.

[0022] As an optimized solution, the top edge of one side of the cultivation trench near the front column is in the same plane as the front column.

[0023] As an optimized solution, the depth of the cultivation trench is 0.15 m; the upper opening width s1 of the cultivation trench is 0.3 / tan(66.5° - the latitude); the included angle C of the cultivation trench is 47° + 2 × the latitude.

[0024] As an optimized solution, the spacing s2 between adjacent cultivation trenches is 1.2 × sin(100.5° - the latitude) / tan(66.5° - the latitude) - 1.2 × cos(100.5° - the latitude).

[0025] As an optimized solution, the number N of the cultivation trenches and the greenhouse height H are related as follows:

[0026] H = [1.2 × N × sin(100.5° - the latitude) / tan(66.5° - the latitude) - 1.2 × N × cos(100.5° - the latitude) + 1 - 1.2 × sin(100.5° - the latitude) / tan(66.5° - the latitude) + 0.15 / tan(66.5° - the latitude) + 1.95 / tan(100.5° - the latitude) + 1.2 × cos(100.5° - the latitude)] × tan(latitude - 10.5°).

[0027] As an optimized solution, the longitudinal section of the heat storage soil platform is an isosceles triangle. The bottom width L1 of the heat storage soil platform and the spacing s between the rear column and the front column 6 are related as follows:

[0028] L1 = s - 1.2×sin(100.5° - latitude) / tan(66.5° - latitude) + 1.2×cos(100.5° - latitude) + 0.3 / tan(66.5° - latitude);

[0029] The relationship between the height H1 of the heat storage soil platform and the number N of cultivation ditches is:

[0030] H1 = 0.045×N / [0.3 + s×tan(66.5° - latitude) - 1.2×sin(100.5° - latitude) + 1.2×cos(100.5° - latitude)×tan(66.5° - latitude)].

[0031] As an optimized solution, the thickness of the polystyrene foam board is 10 - 12 cm; the reflective curtain includes a silver - white aluminized polyester film, and the heat - preservation quilt includes a rain - proof heat - preservation quilt.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0033] (1) The present invention effectively improves the problem that the light interception between canopies is likely to occur after the north - south rows are changed to east - west rows in the mechanized cultivation of solar greenhouses. The light intensity distribution is uniform, the crop plants intercept more sunlight, and the light energy utilization efficiency is high. Compared with the existing mechanized solar greenhouses, the indoor light intensity is increased by 23.1 percentage points;

[0034] (2) The present invention solves the problem that the existing non - thick soil wall solar greenhouses have insufficient heat storage and cannot meet the requirement of maintaining a suitable temperature in the greenhouse; the heat storage area of the soil in the cultivation bed of the present invention is large, and the soil surface directly intercepts sufficient sunlight. Compared with the existing mechanized solar greenhouses, the sunlight received by the soil surface of the cultivation bed is increased by 44.4 percentage points, ensuring sufficient heat storage of the soil in the cultivation bed; taking the minimum temperature at night as an index to represent the heat storage and heat - preservation performance of the greenhouse, when the outdoor air temperature is - 15.6°C to - 14.9°C, the minimum temperature of the greenhouse of the present invention is 13.4°C to 13.6°C, which is 3.0°C to 3.2°C higher than that of the non - thick soil wall mechanized solar greenhouse, and the heat storage and heat - preservation performance is equivalent to that of the dug - down soil wall solar greenhouse;

[0035] (3) The present invention solves the problem that the existing mechanized cultivation solar greenhouses have a small cultivation density and a relatively low land utilization rate; on the premise of ensuring the heat storage auxiliary facilities and sufficient sunlight received by the soil surface of enough cultivation beds, the planting space layout is optimized, the number of cultivation rows is increased, and the relative land utilization rate is maximally improved; taking the prior art with the publication number CN119183838A as an example, the effective planting area width of the prior art is 12.03 m and 6 rows are cultivated; the effective planting area width of the present invention is 11.8 m and 8 rows are cultivated. The relative land utilization rate of the present invention is 39% higher than that of the prior art. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art. In all the drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, the elements or parts are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0037] Figure 1 Structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 Structural schematic diagram of the rear insulation wall of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 Structural schematic diagram of the gable wall of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 4 Parameter schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0041] In the figure: 1 - front roof; 2 - top operation platform; 3 - heat storage soil platform; 4 - hanging vine wire; 5 - rear column; 6 - front column; 7 - rear insulation wall; 8 - cultivation ditch; 9 - support skeleton; 10 - polystyrene foam board; 11 - insulation quilt; 12 - reflective curtain; 13 - gable wall. Specific embodiments

[0042] The following will describe in detail the embodiments of the technical solutions of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, so they are only examples and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

[0043] Example 1,

[0044] As Figures 1 to 4 shown, a machine-friendly light and temperature efficient solar greenhouse includes a rear wall, a gable wall 13, a front roof 1, and a cultivation bed. A plurality of V-shaped cultivation ditches 8 are arranged in parallel in the cultivation bed; the rear wall includes an inclined rear insulation wall 7 and rear columns 5 and front columns 6 located on both sides of the rear insulation wall 7.

[0045] The top end of the rear insulation wall 7 is connected to the top end of the front column 6, and the bottom end of the rear insulation wall 7 is connected to the bottom end of the rear column 5.

[0046] A top operation platform 2 is connected between the top ends of the front column 6 and the rear column 5.

[0047] A heat storage soil platform 3 is provided on the inner wall of the rear insulation wall 7 near the bottom end.

[0048] The rear insulation wall 7 includes a support skeleton 9. A heat preservation quilt 11 is provided on the back of the support skeleton 9, and a polystyrene foam board 10 and a reflective curtain 12 are sequentially provided on the front of the support skeleton 9.

[0049] The gable wall 13 includes a support framework 9, and polystyrene foam boards 10 are respectively arranged on both sides of the support framework 9.

[0050] The included angle A between the virtual connection line between the top end of the front column 6 and the bottom side edge of the front end of the front roof 1 and the ground plane is the latitude - 10.5°.

[0051] Suspension wires 4 are arranged in parallel obliquely above the front part of the cultivation ditch 8. The vertical distance between the suspension wires 4 and the ground is 1.8 m. The included angle B between the plane where the suspension wires 4 and the center line of the bottom of the cultivation ditch 8 are located and the ground is 100.5° - the latitude.

[0052] The distance s between the rear column 5 and the front column 6 and the greenhouse height H are related as follows: s ≤ H / tan(100.5° - the latitude);

[0053] The greenhouse width L and the greenhouse height H are related as follows:

[0054] L = H / tan(latitude - 10.5°) + s.

[0055] The top edge of one side of the cultivation ditch 8 close to the front column 6 is in the same plane as the front column 6.

[0056] The depth of the cultivation ditch 8 is 0.15 m; the upper opening width s1 of the cultivation ditch 8 is 0.3 / tan(66.5° - the latitude); the included angle C of the cultivation ditch 8 is 47° + 2 × the latitude.

[0057] The distance s2 between adjacent cultivation ditches 8 is 1.2 × sin(100.5° - the latitude) / tan(66.5° - the latitude) - 1.2 × cos(100.5° - the latitude).

[0058] The number N of the cultivation ditches 8 and the greenhouse height H are related as follows:

[0059] H = [1.2 × N × sin(100.5° - the latitude) / tan(66.5° - the latitude) - 1.2 × N × cos(100.5° - the latitude) + 1 - 1.2 × sin(100.5° - the latitude) / tan(66.5° - the latitude) + 0.15 / tan(66.5° - the latitude) + 1.95 / tan(100.5° - the latitude) + 1.2 × cos(100.5° - the latitude)] × tan(latitude - 10.5°).

[0060] The longitudinal section of the heat storage soil platform 3 is an isosceles triangle. The bottom width L1 of the heat storage soil platform 3 and the distance s between the rear column 5 and the front column 6 are related as follows:

[0061] L1 = s - 1.2×sin(100.5° - latitude where it is located) / tan(66.5° - latitude where it is located) + 1.2×cos(100.5° - latitude where it is located) + 0.3 / tan(66.5° - latitude where it is located);

[0062] The relationship between the height H1 of the heat storage soil platform 3 and the number N of cultivation ditches 8 is:

[0063] H1 = 0.045×N / [0.3 + s×tan(66.5° - latitude where it is located) - 1.2×sin(100.5° - latitude where it is located) + 1.2×cos(100.5° - latitude where it is located)×tan(66.5° - latitude where it is located)].

[0064] The thickness of the polystyrene foam board 10 is 10 - 12 cm; the reflective curtain 12 includes a silver - white aluminized polyester film, and the heat - preservation quilt 11 includes a rain - proof heat - preservation quilt.

[0065] Among them, the units of the greenhouse width, greenhouse height, upper - opening width of the cultivation ditch 8, distance between two adjacent cultivation ditches 8, height of the heat storage soil platform 3, bottom width of the heat storage soil platform 3, distance between the front column 6 and the rear column 5, etc. are all m; N is an integer; "latitude where it is located" refers to the geographical latitude where the greenhouse is located. After determining the above parameters, a solar greenhouse is built, and the thermal conductivity of the rain - proof heat - preservation quilt is 0.03 - 0.06 W / (m·K).

[0066] Example 2,

[0067] A solar greenhouse with an internal east - west length of 200 m is built in a place at 37° north latitude according to the scheme of Example 1. The solar greenhouse includes a rear wall, gable walls, a cultivation bed, a front roof 1, a top operation platform 2, a heat storage soil platform 3 and a hanging vine wire 4.

[0068] The highest points of the rear column 5 and the front column 6 are the same as the highest point of the front roof 1; there are 8 cultivation ditches 8 arranged in sequence from south to north on the cultivation bed. The longitudinal section of the cultivation ditch 8 is V - shaped, the height of the V - shape is 0.15 m, and the included angle C is equal to 121°; the vertical distance between the hanging vine wire 4 and the ground is 1.8 m, and the angle B between the plane where the hanging vine wire 4 and the center line of the bottom of the cultivation ditch 8 and the ground is 63.5°; the included angle A between the virtual connection line between the top of the front column 6 and the front - end bottom side edge of the front roof 1 and the ground plane is 26.5°.

[0069] According to the geographical latitude 37° and the number of cultivation ditches 8 and the above - known parameters, the following parameters are determined:

[0070] Upper - opening width s1 of the cultivation ditch 8:

[0071] s1 = 0.3 / tan29.5°≈0.53 m.

[0072] Distance s2 between two adjacent cultivation ditches 8:

[0073] s2 = 1.2×sin63.5° / tan29.5° - 1.2×cos63.5° ≈ 1.363 m.

[0074] Greenhouse height H:

[0075] H = [1.2×8×sin63.5° / tan29.5° - 1.2×8×cos63.5° + 1 - 1.2×sin63.5° / tan29.5° + 0.15 / tan29.5° + 1.95 / tan63.5° + 1.2×cos63.5°]×tan26.5° ≈ 5.9 m

[0076] Spacing s between the rear column 5 and the front column 6:

[0077] s ≤ 5.9 / tan63.5°

[0078] ≈ 2.94 m, that is, s ≤ 2.94 m,

[0079] Taking into comprehensive consideration the land utilization rate, the difficulty of people operating on the top operation platform, as well as other factors affecting the efficient utilization of light and temperature, s is taken as 1.8 m.

[0080] Bottom width L1 of the heat storage soil platform 3:

[0081] L1 = 1.8 - 1.2×sin63.5° / tan29.5° + 1.2×cos63.5° + 0.3 / tan29.5°

[0082] ≈ 1.0 m

[0083] Height H1 of the heat storage soil platform 3:

[0084] H1 = 0.045×8 / [0.3 + 1.8×tan29.5° - 1.2×sin63.5° + 1.2×cos63.5°×tan29.5°] ≈ 0.66 m

[0085] Greenhouse width L:

[0086] L = 5.9 / tan26.5° + 1.8 ≈ 13.6 m.

[0087] After determining the above parameters, build a solar greenhouse. Among them, the rear insulation wall 7 is composed of a support skeleton 9, a polystyrene foam board 10 with a thickness of 12 cm, a rainproof and heat-insulating quilt with a thermal conductivity of 0.05 W / (m·K), and a reflective curtain 12. The polystyrene foam board 10 is fixed on the support skeleton 9, the heat-insulating quilt 11 is fixed on the outer side of the polystyrene foam board 10, and the reflective curtain 12 is fixed on the inner side of the polystyrene foam board 10; the top operation platform 2 is arranged on the tops of the rear columns 5 and the front columns 6; a cultivation trench 8 is arranged along the east-west direction, and the soil dug from the cultivation trench 8 is piled up along the inner side of the rear insulation wall 7 to form a heat storage soil platform 3. The parameters of the cultivation trench 8 and the heat storage soil platform 3 all meet the above requirements; a hanging vine wire 4 is arranged obliquely above the front part of the cultivation trench 8, and the parameters meet the above requirements; the gable wall is composed of a support skeleton 9 and two layers of polystyrene foam boards 10, and the thickness of each of the two layers of polystyrene foam boards 10 is 12 cm. The two layers of polystyrene foam boards 10 are fixed on the support skeleton 9; the reflective curtain 12 is made of silver-white aluminized polyester film. When installed, the aluminized layer faces the cultivation bed. The upper end of the reflective curtain 12 is fixed at the top of the front roof 1, and pressure strips are arranged in the middle and at the lower end for fixation.

[0088] Comparative Example 1,

[0089] Build a ground-level solar greenhouse at a certain place with a latitude of 37°N, which has the same height, width, front roof 1, rear columns 5, front columns 6, and top operation platform 2 as those in Example 2. The greenhouse is 200 m long from east to west inside, the width of the greenhouse is 13.6 m, the height is 5.9 m, the distance s between the rear column 5 and the front column 6 is 1.8 m, and the relationship between the greenhouse width L and the greenhouse height H meets the requirement of L = H / tan (latitude - 10.5°) + s; the included angle A between the virtual connection line between the top of the front column 6 and the bottom of the south end of the greenhouse front roof 1 and the ground plane is 26.5°; the rear column 5, the front column 6, and the support skeleton 9 are arranged the same as in Example 2; the rear insulation wall 7, the gable wall, and the top operation platform 2 are arranged the same as in Example 2; the cultivation bed is a ground-level cultivation bed, and 8 cultivation rows are divided along the east-west direction, which are, from south to north in sequence: cultivation row ①, cultivation row ②, cultivation row ③, cultivation row ④, cultivation row ⑤, cultivation row ⑥, cultivation row ⑦, cultivation row ⑧. The vertical distance from cultivation row ⑧ to the virtual plane where the front column is located is 0.265 m, and the other cultivation rows are distributed southward in sequence, and the distance between adjacent cultivation rows is 1.363 m; the hanging vine wire 4 is arranged directly above the cultivation row, and the vertical distance from the ground is 1.8 m; there is no heat storage soil platform.

[0090] Test Example 1,

[0091] In December 2023, conduct experiments on measuring the light environment on the soil surface of the cultivation bed, the plant canopy, and the indoor minimum air temperature in the solar greenhouses shown in Example 2 and Comparative Example 1. Two solar greenhouses are planted with tomatoes (transplanted on September 10, 2023), single-row planting, planted in the middle of the cultivation trench 8 or the cultivation row area, 667 m 21800 to 2000 plants were planted, and 30 days after planting, Example 2 was tilted and the comparative example 1 was vertically hung, and the varieties and other cultivation methods were exactly the same. Within 10 days before and after the winter solstice, the height of the plant growth point was controlled by dropping the plants, and the length from the plant growth point to the ground along the hanging rope was controlled to be no more than 1.2m.

[0092] Light environment measurement: One test plant was selected in each row from south to north in the middle of the two greenhouses, and two test points were determined for each plant, namely: a, the junction between the plant and the ground, and b, the growth point of the plant. The light intensity was measured using a ST-80C portable illuminance meter (accuracy: ±3%); the light intensity at each monitoring point was measured at noon (12:00) on the winter solstice, and the monitoring results are shown in Table 1.

[0093] Minimum temperature measurement: Detect the minimum indoor temperature from December 1st to 31st; use RC-5+ temperature recorder (resolution 0.1 degree) to automatically measure and record; the temperature recorder is hung in the middle of each greenhouse along the east-west direction and below the frame 0.5m near the front bottom corner of the greenhouse, and the temperature recorder is 0.5m away from the frame. And hang a temperature recorder at the same height outdoors to monitor the outdoor temperature. At the same time, select a down-cut earth wall solar greenhouse with a height and internal span basically the same as Example 2 and hang a temperature recorder at the same position as Example 2 to monitor the minimum indoor temperature.

[0094] Table 1 Light environment measurement results

[0095]

[0096] From Table 1, the light intensity monitoring results at the junction of the plant and the ground in the greenhouse of Example 2 are consistent, with an average value of 322.8 μmol / (m 2 ·s); the light intensity monitoring results at the plant growth point b were consistent, with an average value of 323.4μmol / (m 2 s), there is no difference in the light intensity monitoring results at the junction of the plant and the ground and at the plant growth point. The light intensity distribution of the greenhouse in Example 2 is uniform, and the whole crop can evenly intercept the sunlight. In particular, the heat storage area of ​​the cultivation bed soil is large, and the sunlight intercepted by the soil surface is sufficient, and the soil can fully store heat. At the same time, the heat storage soil platform 3 can also intercept enough sunlight. The crops and the soil surface in the greenhouse can intercept sufficient sunlight. The crops intercept the light for photosynthesis, and the soil surface intercepts the light for heat storage. The light energy utilization efficiency of the greenhouse is high.

[0097] In the greenhouse of comparative example 1, the light intensity monitoring results at the junction of the plant and the ground were consistent, with an average value of 179.5 μmol / (m 2 ·s); the light intensity monitoring results at the plant growth point b were consistent, with an average value of 317.3μmol / (m 2·s), there is a significant difference in the light intensity monitoring results at the junction of the plant and the ground and at the growth point of the plant. In Comparative Example 1, the light intensity distribution in the greenhouse is uneven. Especially, the heat storage surface of the soil in the cultivation bed is small, and the solar light intercepted by the soil surface is insufficient, seriously affecting soil heat storage.

[0098] In Example 2 greenhouse, the average light intensity at each monitoring point is 323.1 μmol / (m 2 ·s), and the coefficient of variation is 0.6%. The light intensity distribution is uniform; in Comparative Example 1 greenhouse, the average light intensity at each monitoring point is 248.4 μmol / (m 2 ·s), and the coefficient of variation is 28.7%. The light intensity distribution is uneven. The indoor light intensity in Example 2 has increased by 23.1 percentage points. The coefficient of variation of light intensity in Example 2 is much smaller than that in Comparative Example 1, indicating that the present invention effectively improves the problem of light occlusion between the canopies in the solar greenhouse, and the light distribution and light intensity in the row and between rows tend to be uniform.

[0099] In Example 2 greenhouse, the average light intensity a at the junction of the plant and the ground is 322.8 μmol / (m 2 ·s). In Comparative Example 1 greenhouse, the average light intensity a at the junction of the plant and the ground is 179.5 μmol / (m 2 ·s). The light received by the soil surface of the cultivation bed in Example 2 has increased by 44.4 percentage points.

[0100] In Example 2 greenhouse, the average light intensity b at the growth point of the plant is 323.4 μmol / (m 2 ·s). In Comparative Example 1 greenhouse, the average light intensity b at the growth point of the plant is 317.3 μmol / (m 2 ·s), and there is no difference between the two.

[0101] From December 14th to 18th, a cold snap occurred in Shouguang City. The lowest outdoor temperature on the 18th was -15.6 °C. The lowest temperature in the greenhouse of the present invention was 13.5 °C, that of the traditional non-thick soil wall greenhouse was 10.3 °C, and that of the dug-down soil wall solar greenhouse was 13.4 °C. The greenhouse of the present invention was 3.2 °C higher than the traditional non-thick soil wall greenhouse and was equivalent to the dug-down soil wall solar greenhouse; from December 21st to 23rd, continuous low-temperature weather occurred in Shouguang City. The lowest outdoor temperature on the 21st was -14.9 °C. The lowest temperature in the greenhouse of the present invention was 13.6 °C, that of the traditional non-thick soil wall greenhouse was 10.6 °C, and that of the dug-down soil wall solar greenhouse was 13.5 °C. The greenhouse of the present invention was 3.0 °C higher than the traditional non-thick soil wall greenhouse and was equivalent to the dug-down soil wall solar greenhouse. From the above two occurrences of cold snap weather, the heat storage and insulation performance of the greenhouse of the present invention is good and can completely replace the dug-down soil wall solar greenhouse.

[0102] In summary, the heat storage and insulation ability of the non-thick soil wall solar greenhouse of the present invention is equivalent to that of the dug-down soil wall solar greenhouse, and the light distribution and light intensity in the greenhouse tend to be uniform, and the light energy utilization efficiency is high.

[0103] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should all be covered by the scope of the claims and the specification of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sunlight greenhouse with high light and temperature efficiency suitable for machine operation, including a rear wall, gable walls, a front roof (1) and a cultivation bed, characterized in that: A number of cultivation ditches (8) arranged in a V shape are arranged in parallel in the cultivation bed; the rear wall includes an inclined rear insulation wall (7) and rear columns (5) and front columns (6) respectively located on both sides of the rear insulation wall (7); Suspension wires (4) are arranged in parallel obliquely above the front part of the cultivation ditch (8), the vertical distance between the suspension wires (4) and the ground is 1.8 m, and the angle B between the plane where the suspension wires (4) and the bottom center line of the cultivation ditch (8) and the ground is 100.5° - the latitude where it is located; The depth of the cultivation ditch (8) is 0.15 m; the upper opening width s1 of the cultivation ditch (8) is 0.3 / tan(66.5° - the latitude where it is located); the angle C of the cultivation ditch (8) is 47° + 2×the latitude where it is located; The distance s2 between adjacent cultivation ditches (8) is 1.2×sin(100.5° - the latitude where it is located) / tan(66.5° - the latitude where it is located) - 1.2×cos(100.5° - the latitude where it is located), The relationship between the number N of the cultivation ditches (8) and the greenhouse height H is: H = [1.2×N×sin(100.5° - the latitude where it is located) / tan(66.5° - the latitude where it is located) - 1.2×N×cos(100.5° - the latitude where it is located) + 1 - 1.2×sin(100.5° - the latitude where it is located) / tan(66.5° - the latitude where it is located) + 0.15 / tan(66.5° - the latitude where it is located) + 1.95 / tan(100.5° - the latitude where it is located) + 1.2×cos(100.5° - the latitude where it is located)]×tan(the latitude where it is located - 10.5°).

2. The light and temperature efficient solar greenhouse suitable for machine operation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top end of the rear insulation wall (7) is connected to the top end of the front column (6), and the bottom end of the rear insulation wall (7) is connected to the bottom end of the rear column (5).

3. A light and temperature efficient solar greenhouse suitable for machine operation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rear insulation wall (7) includes a support skeleton (9), a heat preservation quilt (11) is arranged on the back of the support skeleton (9), and a polystyrene foam board (10) and a reflective curtain (12) are sequentially arranged on the front of the support skeleton (9); The gable wall includes a support skeleton (9), and polystyrene foam boards (10) are arranged on both sides of the support skeleton (9).

4. A light and temperature efficient solar greenhouse suitable for machine operation according to claim 2, characterized in that: The included angle A between the virtual connection line between the top end of the front column (6) and the bottom side edge of the front end of the front roof (1) and the ground plane is the latitude where it is located - 10.5°.

5. A machine-friendly light and temperature efficient solar greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that: The relationship between the distance s between the rear column (5) and the front column (6) and the greenhouse height H is: s ≤ H / tan(100.5° - the latitude where it is located); The relationship between the greenhouse width L and the greenhouse height H is: L = H / tan(the latitude where it is located - 10.5°) + s.

6. The light and temperature efficient solar greenhouse suitable for machine operation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top edge of one side of the cultivation ditch (8) close to the front column (6) is on the same plane as the front column (6).

7. The machine-friendly light and temperature efficient solar greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that: A heat storage soil platform (3) is arranged on the inner wall of the rear insulation wall near the bottom end, the longitudinal section of the heat storage soil platform (3) is an isosceles triangle, and the relationship between the bottom width L1 of the heat storage soil platform (3) and the distance s between the rear column (5) and the front column (6) is: L1 = s - 1.2×sin(100.5° - latitude) / tan(66.5° - latitude) + 1.2×cos(100.5° - latitude) + 0.3 / tan(66.5° - latitude); The relationship between the height H1 of the heat storage soil platform (3) and the number N of cultivation ditches (8) is as follows: H1 = 0.045×N / [0.3 + s×tan(66.5° - latitude) - 1.2×sin(100.5° - latitude) + 1.2×cos(100.5° - latitude)×tan(66.5° - latitude)].

Images