Wild domestication system and method for yellow lip fish

Abstract

The invention provides a wild domestication system and method for yellow lip fish, and belongs to the technical field of germplasm resource restoration and maintenance of endangered fishes. The natural environment is simulated, and food sensitivity training, ecological inversion adaptability training, instantaneous cruising ability and stress adaptability training are applied to the yellow lip fish, so that the ingestion and hunger resistance of the released yellow lip fish are enhanced, the survival abilities of avoiding disaster events, reducing stress response and the like are improved, and the survival rate of the released yellow lip fish is increased. Therefore, the survival rate of the released yellow lip fish in a natural sea area is improved. By adopting the system and the technical method for simulating the natural environment, a very good proliferation effect is achieved on the release of the yellow lip fish, and the system and the technical method have a wide application prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of restoration and conservation of endangered fish germplasm resources, and in particular relates to a wild domestication system and method for yellow croaker. Background Art

[0002] The yellow croaker (Bahabata ipingensis) belongs to the genus Yellow croaker, family Sciaenidae, order Perciformes, class Osteichthyes, and is a large warm-temperate bottom-dwelling fish found offshore. They often inhabit estuaries where seawater and freshwater meet, and prefer deep waters with fish reefs and areas with suitable currents. As a fish species unique to China, its distribution is limited to the northern coast of the South China Sea and the southern coast of the East China Sea, and is particularly common in the waters of the Pearl River Estuary. However, in recent years, overfishing and habitat destruction have caused a sharp decline in the number of yellow croaker resources. It has now been listed as a national first-class protected animal and is at the "Critically Endangered (CR)" level in the Red List of Endangered Species of the World Conservation Union (IUCN). It is currently the only marine fish listed as a national first-class protected animal.

[0003] The biodiversity of yellow croaker is crucial in the marine ecological chain and is an important part of the offshore food chain. It is of great significance to the stability and balance of the offshore ecological environment. However, overfishing and habitat destruction have further exacerbated the decline of its population. In order to repair and protect this precious species, reproduction and release have become key measures, which are expected to gradually restore the biodiversity of yellow croaker and increase its population. However, for artificially bred yellow croaker, they lack the ability to adapt to the natural environment, and direct release will greatly reduce the survival rate of yellow croaker. Previous wild training experience has mainly focused on environmental adaptation training and survival skills training. For example, the wild catfish-like plateau loach domestication method disclosed in patent CN107432261A simulates the low temperature and high oxygen content environment in which the catfish-like plateau loach lives to domesticate it. Introducing natural enemy models is also an important way to train environmental adaptation. For example, patent CN103329829A uses predatory fish or electric mechanical arms to scare young fish to improve anti-predation ability. However, the natural enemies (such as sharks, Chinese white dolphins, etc.) faced by yellow lip croaker in the natural environment have special behavior patterns and ecological habits, which are very different from the natural enemies of general fish. It is extremely difficult to simulate in an artificial domestication environment, which makes this method difficult to carry out in the wild training of yellow lip croaker. In addition, the cultivation of survival skills is equally important for the wilding of yellow lip croaker. A common practice is to feed live bait (such as water fleas, insect larvae, etc.) to train predation ability. For example, patent CN114532256A trains the feeding ability of wild fennel fish by placing male live red worms in a breeding pond. However, the feeding habits of yellow lip croaker are complex and the predation method is unique, so the training methods of other fish cannot be simply applied.

[0004] Due to the unique biological characteristics of yellow croaker, the domestication of this large stonehead fish is still in its infancy and faces many challenges. So far, a systematic and effective plan has not been formed, which has become a major obstacle to the restoration and protection of yellow croaker populations. Therefore, the development of a wild domestication system and method for yellow croaker has become an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a wild domestication system and method for yellow croaker, which can improve the survival rate and stress resistance of released yellow croaker.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The invention provides a wild domestication system for yellow lip croaker, which comprises a domestication soil pond and a circulating water treatment system; the domestication soil pond is divided into a pit-shaped water area, a shallow water area, a steep slope water area and a deep water area; a water inlet of the circulating water treatment system is arranged in the pit-shaped water area, and a water outlet of the circulating water treatment system is arranged in the deep water area; light, sound, flow environmental factor equipment and monitoring equipment are also arranged in the domestication soil pond.

[0008] As an implementation method, the shallow water area occupies 30% to 50% of the area of ​​the domestication earth pond; the deep water area occupies 25 to 35% of the area of ​​the domestication earth pond; the steep slope water area occupies 5% to 15% of the area of ​​the domestication earth pond; and the pothole-shaped water area occupies 10% to 30% of the area of ​​the domestication earth pond.

[0009] Preferably, the domestication soil pond has a rectangular or square shape, a length-to-width ratio of (2-4):3, and a maximum depth of 3.5 m.

[0010] Preferably, the ratio of sand and gravel to soil in the bottom of the domestication soil pond is 1: (0.5-1.5).

[0011] Preferably, the pits in the pitted terrain water area are circular or nearly circular in shape, with a diameter of 1 to 2 meters.

[0012] Preferably, the average water depth of the shallow water area is 1 to 2 m; the average water depth of the deep water area is 2.5 to 3.5 m; and the average water depth of the pit-shaped water area is 1.5 to 2.0 m.

[0013] In the present invention, the pitted terrain water area is adjacent to the shallow water area and / or the steep slope water area; the steep slope water area extends obliquely from the shallow water area to the deep water area, and the inclination slope is 60 to 80 degrees.

[0014] As an implementation method, the light, sound and flow environmental factor equipment is a light source equipment, an audio equipment and a variable frequency submersible pump. The light source equipment can adjust the light intensity and color temperature. The light source equipment and the audio equipment are located above or below the water area of ​​the domestication earth pond, and the water pump is located below the water area of ​​the domestication earth pond.

[0015] Preferably, the light source device is a waterproof LED or COB light source.

[0016] As an implementation mode, the circulating water treatment system includes a mechanical particle drum filter, an aeration tank, an upflow anaerobic tower and a variable frequency submersible pump connected by pipelines, and an air flotation machine is arranged in the aeration tank.

[0017] The present invention also provides a method for wild domestication of yellow lip fish based on the above-mentioned system, which comprises adjusting the temperature and salinity of the water in the domestication soil pond to be suitable for the cultivation of yellow lip fish, and putting the yellow lip fish into the pond for feeding domestication and environmental adaptation domestication; the feeding domestication is intermittent fasting domestication, in which the types of food are fed alternately, and the feeding amount is gradually increased and rotated; the environmental adaptation domestication includes one or more of the following: anti-flow stress domestication, anti-noise stress domestication, anti-light stress domestication and enhanced avoidance domestication.

[0018] Preferably, the domestication period of the feeding domestication or environmental adaptation domestication is 28 to 40 days.

[0019] Furthermore, the intermittent fasting training adopts a cycle mode of "feeding once a day + fasting for 4 days", feeding one type of food each time, and the feeding amount is rotated in a gradient increase of 10%, 40%, 70%, 100%, and 130% of the fish body weight.

[0020] Preferably, the food types include live small shrimps and crabs, live or chilled miscellaneous fish and chilled cephalopods.

[0021] Preferably, the live or chilled miscellaneous fish include dragon head fish, needle fish, leaf fish, pointed head fish and golden thread fish.

[0022] Preferably, the chilled cephalopods include squid and cuttlefish.

[0023] Furthermore, the anti-flow stress training is carried out by gradually increasing the water flow rate from 0.01m / s to 1m / s, and maintaining the flow rate for 30 to 60 minutes when the upstream movement of the yellow croaker reaches a critical equilibrium position; the anti-noise stress training is to play ship noise; the anti-light stress training uses instantaneous strong light, and then gradually dims until the original light intensity is restored, or an instantaneous cold light gradually changes to a warm light mode; the avoidance training is a mechanical touch immediately after the anti-noise stress training, or is combined with anti-noise stress training or anti-light stress training during the anti-flow stress training.

[0024] Preferably, the intensity of light in the light stress resistance training ranges from 0 to 2000 Lx, the color temperature of the cold light ranges from 5000 to 6500 K, and the color temperature of the warm light ranges from 2000 to 3000 K.

[0025] As an implementation mode, the circulating water treatment system of the yellow croaker wild domestication system is started and operated 7 to 10 weeks before the wild domestication.

[0026] As an implementation mode, the pool water temperature of the yellow croaker wild domestication system is 20-28°C, the salinity is 2.0-15.0, the pH is 7.2-7.6, the dissolved oxygen content is above 6 ml / L, and the ammonia nitrogen content is below 0.2 mg / L; the water pump is turned on / off (2-4) h / 2h, and circulated (4-6) times a day, and the flow rate in the pool is kept below 0.05 m / s when it is turned on.

[0027] As an implementation mode, 5% to 15% of the number of spotted blue fish are co-cultured in the domestication earth pond.

[0028] Preferably, the yellow croaker is 12 to 16 months old and has a body length of more than 20 cm.

[0029] Preferably, the amount of yellow lip fish added is 0.5-0.75 kg / m 3 .

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0031] The present invention constructs a wild domestication system for yellow lip croaker. The system simulates the natural sea bottom morphological characteristics of the yellow lip croaker habitat, constructs an earthen pond simulating the natural environment, divides the pit terrain water area, shallow water area, steep slope water area and deep water area where the yellow lip croaker lives, and is designed in combination with a circulating water treatment system, environmental factor equipment, monitoring equipment, etc. With the help of this system, it is possible to apply stimulation of major ecological environmental factors such as sound, light, and flow. At the same time, the system also conducts statistical analysis of videos and images on the behavioral changes during the wild domestication of yellow lip croaker, accumulates basic data, and provides a reference basis for studying the growth and development of released fish species after entering the sea and the evaluation of their adaptability.

[0032] In addition, the present invention also provides a method for wild domestication of yellow lip croaker, which gradually improves the wild recovery and survival ability of released yellow lip croaker seedlings from multiple aspects such as ecological environment adaptation, bait type conversion, predation performance improvement, and disaster avoidance, and provides a practical technical route and implementation plan for ensuring the survival rate of released yellow lip croaker. By using the system and method of the present invention, the purpose of protecting yellow lip croaker can be effectively achieved, the stress resistance of yellow lip croaker can be improved, and a solid foundation can be laid for the recovery and expansion of the yellow lip croaker population. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 This is a bird's-eye view of the wild domestication system of yellow croaker, 1-deep water area, 2-steep slope water area, 3-pitted terrain water area, 4-shallow water area, 5-water inlet, 6-pipeline, 7-water outlet, 8-mechanical particle drum filter, 9-aeration tank and flotation machine, 10-upflow anaerobic tower, 11-variable frequency submersible pump.

[0034] Figure 2 This is a top view of the equipment of the wild domestication system of yellow croaker, 12-monitoring equipment, 13-audio equipment, 14-variable frequency submersible pump, 15-light source equipment.

[0035] Figure 3 This is a side cross-sectional view of the wild domestication system of yellow lip fish. 1 is deep water, 2 is steep slope water, 3 is pothole water, and 4 is shallow water. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The invention provides a system for the wild domestication of yellow lip croaker, which comprises a domestication earth pond and a circulating water treatment system; the domestication earth pond is divided into a pit-shaped water area, a shallow water area, a steep slope water area and a deep water area; a water inlet of the circulating water treatment system is arranged in the pit-shaped water area, and a water outlet of the circulating water treatment system is arranged in the deep water area; light, sound, flow environmental factor equipment and monitoring equipment are also arranged in the domestication earth pond.

[0037] The domestication earth pond of the present invention simulates the bottom morphological characteristics of the natural sea area where the yellow lip fish lives, and imitates the bottom and morphology of the natural habitat, including the flora structure and topography in the water and bottom, so as to achieve the purpose of wild domestication. In the present invention, the bottom of the domestication earth pond is sand and soil. The ratio of sand and soil is 1: (0.5-1.5), preferably 1: 1. The present invention does not specifically limit the shape of the domestication earth pond. In some embodiments, the body of the domestication earth pond is rectangular or square, and the aspect ratio of the rectangle is (2-4): 3, preferably 4: 3. The maximum depth of the domestication earth pond is 3.5m.

[0038] In the present invention, the domestication earth pond of the yellow lip fish wild domestication system is divided into pitted terrain water area, shallow water area, steep slope water area and deep water area. The shallow water area accounts for 30% to 50% of the area of ​​the domestication earth pond; the deep water area accounts for 25 to 35% of the area of ​​the domestication earth pond; the steep slope water area accounts for 5% to 15% of the area of ​​the domestication earth pond; the pitted terrain water area accounts for 10% to 30% of the area of ​​the domestication earth pond. Preferably, the shallow water area accounts for 35% to 45% of the area of ​​the domestication earth pond; the deep water area accounts for 25 to 30% of the area of ​​the domestication earth pond; the steep slope water area accounts for 5% to 10% of the area of ​​the domestication earth pond; the pitted terrain water area accounts for 15% to 25% of the area of ​​the domestication earth pond. In the present invention, shallow waters are activity areas with sufficient light and abundant bait, simulating natural shoal environments; deep waters serve as refuges to help yellow lip fish cope with extreme weather or avoid disasters; steep slope waters simulate natural terrain transition zones to train fish to adapt to water flow and depth changes; pothole terrain waters create complex microhabitats to promote exploration behavior and enhance resilience. Preferably, the potholes in the pothole terrain waters are circular or nearly circular, and the diameter of the pothole area is 1 to 2m. Preferably, the average water depth of the shallow waters is 1 to 2m, and more preferably 1.3 to 1.8m. Preferably, the average water depth of the deep waters is 2.5 to 3.5m, and more preferably 3m. Preferably, the average water depth of the pothole terrain waters is 1.5 to 2.0m, and more preferably 2m. In some embodiments of the present invention, the pothole terrain waters are adjacent to the shallow waters and / or the steep slope waters; the steep slope waters extend obliquely from the shallow waters to the deep waters. Preferably, the inclination slope is 60 to 80 degrees, and more preferably 65 to 75 degrees.

[0039] In the present invention, the light, sound and flow environmental factor equipment is a light source device, an audio device and a variable frequency submersible pump. The light source device can adjust the light intensity and color temperature. The light source device and the audio device are located above or below the water area of ​​the domestication earth pond. The light source device is used to simulate the light emitted by ships at night. Preferably, the light source device is a waterproof LED or COB light source. The audio device is used to simulate the low-frequency noise generated by the rotation of the diesel engine and propeller, or the high-frequency noise generated by the high-speed rotation of the propeller blades, and the whistle noise of the ship. The frequency of the low-frequency noise is 60 to 200 Hz. The frequency of the high-frequency noise is 1 to 20 KHz. The variable frequency submersible pump is located below the water area of ​​the domestication earth pond. The water pump can imitate the size of the water flow, simulate the scenes of rising, falling and flat tides through the timing machine, and simulate the turbulence caused by the passing of ships.

[0040] In the present invention, the circulating water treatment system includes a mechanical particle drum filter, an aeration tank, an upflow anaerobic tower and a variable frequency submersible pump connected by pipelines, and an air flotation machine is arranged in the aeration tank. Preferably, the mechanical particle drum filter can filter out impurities with a particle diameter greater than 200 μm. The depth of the aeration tank is 1.5 to 2.5 m, preferably 2.0 m; the area of ​​the aeration tank is 3 to 5 m 2 , preferably 3.5 to 4.5 m 2 . In the present invention, the flotation machine in the aeration pool further removes COD and suspended matter in the water. The upflow anaerobic tower utilizes the fermentation of denitrifying bacteria in an anaerobic environment to decompose and remove organic matter such as nitrates in the water under anaerobic conditions. In the present invention, the water inlet of the circulating water treatment system is placed in a pitted terrain water area, and the water outlet of the circulating water treatment system is placed in a deep water area. The pool water discharged from the outlet is filtered and diverted, and the filtered precipitated dirt flows away through the sewage outlet. The filtered pool water enters the mechanical particle drum filter of the circulating water treatment system for subsequent treatment and recycling, thereby saving water resources while ensuring the stability of the ecological environment.

[0041] In the present invention, the yellow croaker wild domestication system also includes a monitoring device, which is an underwater monitoring probe. The monitoring probe transmits the video signal captured by the underwater monitoring probe to a switch or signal transmitter via a wired or wireless connection, and the network supplies the terminal device.

[0042] The present invention also provides a method for wild domestication of yellow lip fish based on the above system, which comprises adjusting the temperature and salinity of water in the domestication soil pond to adapt to the cultivation of yellow lip fish, and putting the yellow lip fish into the pond for feeding domestication and environmental adaptation domestication.

[0043] In the present invention, the circulating water treatment system of the yellow lip croaker wild domestication system is turned on and operated 7 to 10 weeks before wild domestication. The environment of the yellow lip croaker wild domestication system is adjusted so that the temperature of the pool water is 20 to 28°C, the salinity is 2.0 to 15.0, the pH is 7.2 to 7.6, the dissolved oxygen content is above 6 ml / L, the ammonia nitrogen content is below 0.2 mg / L, the nitrite content is below 0.01 mg / L, and the transparency is above 1.0 m. In the present invention, the variable frequency submersible pump of the circulating water treatment system turns on / off the water pump (2 to 4) h / 2h, circulates 4 to 6 times a day, and keeps the flow rate in the pool below 0.05 m / s when it is turned on, so that the pool water quality meets the Class II seawater quality standards.

[0044] In the present invention, the feeding domestication is intermittent fasting domestication, the types of food are fed alternately, and the feeding amount is gradually increased and rotated. Preferably, the intermittent fasting domestication adopts a cycle mode of "feeding once a day + 4 days of fasting", feeding one type of food each time, and the feeding amount is rotated in a gradient increase of 10%, 40%, 70%, 100%, and 130% of the fish body weight. Preferably, the food types include live small shrimps and crabs, live or chilled miscellaneous fish and chilled cephalopods. Further preferably, the live or chilled miscellaneous fish include dragon head fish, needle fish, leaf fish, pointed fish and golden fish. The chilled cephalopods include squid and cuttlefish.

[0045] In the present invention, the environmental adaptation training includes one or more of the following: resistance to flow stress training, resistance to noise stress training, resistance to light stress training and enhanced avoidance training. Preferably, the resistance to flow stress training is carried out by gradually increasing the water flow rate from 0.01 m / s to 1 m / s, and maintaining the flow rate for 30 to 60 minutes when the upstream movement of the yellow croaker reaches the critical equilibrium position. Preferably, the resistance to flow stress training is repeated 2 to 4 times a day, 2 to 4 days a week. The resistance to noise stress training is to play ship noise. Preferably, the resistance to noise stress training is carried out 2 to 3 times a day, each time for 4 to 10 minutes. The resistance to light stress training uses instantaneous strong light, then gradually dims until the original light intensity is restored, or an instantaneous cold light gradually changes to a warm light mode. Preferably, the intensity of light in the light stress resistance training ranges from 0 to 2000Lx, the color temperature range of the cold light ranges from 5000 to 6500K, and the color temperature range of the warm light ranges from 2000 to 3000K. Preferably, the light stress resistance training is trained 2 to 3 times a day, each time for 5 to 10 minutes. The avoidance training is mechanical touching immediately after the noise stress resistance training, or is combined with noise stress resistance training or light stress resistance training during the flow stress resistance training. In the present invention, the domestication period of the feeding training or environmental adaptation training is 28 to 40 days.

[0046] In the present invention, 5% to 15% of the number of yellow lip croakers and spotted blue fish are mixed in the domestication soil pond to play the role of scavengers. Preferably, the number of spotted blue fish is 10% of the number of yellow lip croakers. Before the wild domestication of yellow lip croakers begins, the yellow lip croakers and spotted blue fish are adapted to each other for 2 to 3 days. In the present invention, the yellow lip croaker fry is 12 to 16 months old and has a body length of more than 20 cm. The body length of the spotted blue fish is 5 to 10 cm. Preferably, the input amount of the yellow lip croaker fry is 0.5 to 0.75 kg / m 3 .

[0047] In the present invention, a wild domestication system for yellow lip croaker is constructed, and a complete wild domestication system for yellow lip croaker is built. The system provides a growth space for yellow lip croaker fry that is as close to the natural environment as possible, so as to carry out comprehensive feeding domestication and environmental adaptability domestication for the fry. When the entire domestication process is completed, the detection link is entered. The various physiological conditions of the yellow lip croaker are tested, including but not limited to the health of the fish body, whether the various physical indicators are normal, etc. After the detection is completed, the yellow lip croaker will be marked. The present invention does not specifically limit the marking method. Considering the convenience and accuracy of data monitoring, electronic tags can be used for marking. The marked yellow lip croaker is placed in a large cage in an experimental sea area that simulates the natural ecological environment, allowing it to survive naturally in a relatively natural environment, so as to test the actual effect of wild domestication.

[0048] Cultivated in a domestication earth pond, after a period of observation and data statistics, it was found that the yellow lip fish after wild domestication did not show a large difference in weight and length growth compared with the yellow lip fish that had been raised in an artificial cultivation environment. This result fully demonstrates that the wild domestication method adopted by the present invention will not have a significant negative impact on its normal growth while helping the yellow lip fish adapt to the natural environment, and ensures the stability of the yellow lip fish during its growth and development. To further verify the effectiveness of the method of the present invention, the yellow lip fish was allowed to continue to grow naturally for a longer time in a large cage in an experimental sea area simulating a natural ecological environment. After in-depth research and analysis, it was found that the use of the method of the present invention can enhance the survival ability of artificially bred yellow lip fish in the wild. The survival rate of the yellow lip fish after wild domestication can reach about 93.3%. This result is in sharp contrast to the yellow lip fish that has not been wild domesticated, which strongly proves the important value of the present invention in the protection and population recovery of the yellow lip fish, and provides a practical technical solution for the protection and proliferation and release of endangered yellow lip fish.

[0049] In the following embodiments, unless otherwise specified, all of them are conventional methods.

[0050] Unless otherwise specified, the materials used in the following examples can be obtained from commercial sources.

[0051] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0052] Example 1

[0053] Construction of the wild domestication system of yellow croaker

[0054] 1. Domestication of earth pond

[0055] A pond of about 500 square meters was selected to construct the topography of the domesticated earth pond. The soil of the domesticated earth pond was selected according to the ratio of sand and soil of about 1:1. 40% of the area of ​​the domesticated earth pond was set as shallow water with an average water depth of 1.5m; 30% of the area was deep water with an average water depth of 3.0m; 10% of the area was steep slope water, built with bricks, with a slope of 70 degrees; another 20% of the area was transformed into a pit-shaped water area, with a circular pit shape and a diameter ranging from 1 to 2m. The average water depth of the pit-shaped water area was 1.5 to 2.0m. An inlet was built at the pit-shaped area of ​​the pond, and two 400mm diameter pipes equipped with stop valves were set to control the amount of water inlet and outlet; an outlet was built at the deep water area of ​​the pond, and a drainage hole was built at the bottom of the pond, connected to a 400mm pipe extending outside the pond embankment, and then diverted into the inlet and sewage outlet of the circulating water treatment system.

[0056] 2. Circulating water treatment system

[0057] The circulating water treatment system is composed of a mechanical particle drum filter, an aeration tank equipped with an air flotation machine and an upflow anaerobic tower in series. A 4kw variable frequency submersible pump is installed at the end of the water treatment system and the water is returned to the water inlet of the domestication soil pond through a pipeline. The size of the aeration tank is 1.5m deep and 4m2 in area. 2 . The circulating water treatment system was started 8 weeks before wild domestication. The temperature of the pool water was controlled at 20-28℃, the salinity was 2.0-15.0, the pH was 7.2-7.6, the dissolved oxygen content was above 6ml / L, the ammonia nitrogen content was below 0.2mg / L, the nitrite content was below 0.01mg / L, and the transparency was above 1.0m. The water pump was turned on / off for 4h / 2h, circulated 4 times a day, and the flow rate in the pool was kept below 0.05m / s when it was turned on, and the water quality of the pool was kept in compliance with the Class II seawater quality standards.

[0058] 3. Light, sound, and flow environmental factor equipment

[0059] The light source equipment uses waterproof LED lights. The color temperature is achieved by adjusting the different currents of the two cold and warm light strips. They are randomly installed at different locations above and below the water area. The audio equipment uses an audio high-fidelity stereo amplifier plus a player for transmission. The players are also randomly installed at different locations above and below the water area. The flow rate of the water uses a variable frequency submersible pump plus a timer to simulate tidal changes. Four 2.0kw variable frequency submersible pumps are set at the corners of the four sides of the pool to circulate the pool water. The variable frequency submersible pumps are placed 1.0m away from the bottom of the pool. The water flow is simulated by variable frequency speed regulation, and the scenes of rising, falling and flat tides are simulated by timer control.

[0060] 4. Monitoring equipment

[0061] It consists of a computer, a router and 10 underwater monitoring probes. The cameras are low-light waterproof cameras, which are installed on the inner wall of the domestication earth pond. They are 50-100cm away from the bottom of the domestication earth pond to collect information on changes in the behavioral characteristics of yellow croaker from various angles. The image information is transmitted to the computer device of the terminal through the switch, and the fish behavior analysis system is used to analyze the changing characteristics of the seedlings' swimming, feeding and risk-avoidance behaviors, so as to observe and judge the adaptability of the seedlings.

[0062] Example 2

[0063] Methods for domesticating yellow lip fish

[0064] 200 artificially bred 16-month-old yellow croaker fry were taken, and their weight and length were measured and recorded. At the same time, about 20 spotted blue fish fry were mixed in and put into the domestication earthen pond together, and they were allowed to adapt for a total of 2 days.

[0065] The young yellow croaker began to be fed and domesticated 2 days after entering the domestication pond. The feeding and domestication procedures are as follows: Intermittent fasting domestication adopts a cycle mode of "feeding once a day + 4 days of fasting", feeding one type of food each time, and the feeding amount is rotated in a gradient increase of 10%, 40%, 70%, 100%, and 130% of the fish body weight. The food types include live small shrimps and crabs, live or fresh ice fish, and fresh ice cephalopods. The feeding and domestication cycle is 30 days. The environmental adaptation and domestication procedures are as follows: Anti-current stress domestication: by gradually increasing the water flow rate from 0.01m / s to 1m / s, when the yellow croaker's countercurrent movement reaches the critical equilibrium position, that is, the fish cannot go against the current, maintain the flow rate for 45 minutes, repeat 3 times a day, 3 days a week, for 1 week. Noise stress resistance training: Play ship noise underwater, low-frequency noise is 60-200Hz, high-frequency noise is 1-20KHz, 2-3 times a day, 8 minutes each time, for 1 week. Light stress resistance training: Instant strong light, then gradually dim until the original light intensity is restored, that is, 2000Lx to 0Lx; or instant cold light gradually warm light mode, training 2-3 times a day, 8 minutes each time, for 1 week. Avoidance training: Mechanical touch immediately after noise stress resistance training, or combine noise stress resistance training or light stress resistance training with flow stress resistance training, for 1 week. Environmental adaptation training for a total of 28 days. After the training is completed, place multiple small cages with a volume of not less than 4 cubic meters of water in the training pond, and place the yellow croaker fry in multiple independent small cages. Conduct a comprehensive health check on each yellow croaker, and record in detail whether the fish body is damaged and whether there are symptoms of stress diseases. At the same time, the weight, body length and other growth data of the yellow croaker were measured again, and its growth rate or weight gain rate and specific growth rate during the domestication period were calculated. Subsequently, 30 yellow croakers were randomly selected and marked with electronic tags, and randomly moved to large cages in the experimental sea area simulating the natural ecological environment. No feeding was given in the subsequent 90 days to observe and determine whether the domesticated yellow croaker had the basic ability to survive in the simulated natural environment. After the end, its survival and growth status were tested.

[0066] Comparative Example 1

[0067] 30 yellow lip fish that had been fed and domesticated for 30 days were randomly selected from Example 2, and after being marked with electronic tags, they were moved to a large cage in an experimental sea area simulating a natural ecological environment. No feeding was given in the subsequent 90 days to observe and determine whether the domesticated yellow lip fish had the basic ability to survive in a simulated natural environment, and their survival and growth conditions were tested after the completion.

[0068] Comparative Example 2

[0069] This comparative example was carried out with reference to the wild domestication system of the yellow lip croaker constructed in Example 1 and the wild domestication method of the yellow lip croaker in Example 2. The difference from Example 2 is that this comparative example only implements the environmental adaptation domestication stage, and the feeding domestication is not carried out. The duration is 28 days. After the domestication and wilding, 30 yellow lip croakers are marked with electronic tags and transferred to large cages in the experimental sea area simulating the natural ecological environment. A 90-day domestication and wilding effect verification experiment is carried out. No feeding is given within 90 days. After the experiment, the survival and growth conditions are tested.

[0070] Comparative Example 3

[0071] This comparative example refers to the wild domestication system of yellow croaker constructed in Example 1, and the wild domestication method of yellow croaker in Example 2. The difference from Example 2 is that a cycle mode of "feeding once every 2 days + fasting for 3 days" is adopted, and the feeding amount each time is rotated in a gradient increase of 10%, 30%, 60%, 90%, and 120% according to the weight of the fish, and the type of food is not changed. The period is 30 days. The environmental adaptation and domestication are the same as in Example 2. After the end, 30 domesticated and wild yellow croakers are randomly selected and moved to a large cage in an experimental sea area simulating the natural ecological environment to conduct a 90-day domestication and wilding effect verification experiment. No feeding is given during the period, and the survival and growth conditions are tested after the experiment.

[0072] Comparative Example 4

[0073] This comparative example is carried out with reference to the wild domestication system of the yellow lip croaker constructed in Example 1, and the wild domestication method of the yellow lip croaker in Example 2. The difference from Example 2 is that the environmental adaptation domestication link is implemented in this comparative example, and avoidance domestication and noise stress resistance domestication are not carried out. The anti-flow stress domestication and anti-light stress domestication are carried out for 14 days respectively. After the end, 30 domesticated and wild yellow lip croakers are randomly selected and moved to a large net cage in the experimental sea area simulating the natural ecological environment to conduct a 90-day domestication and wilding effect verification experiment, during which no bait is fed. After the experiment, the survival and growth conditions are tested.

[0074] Comparative Example 5

[0075] Take the same number and batch of artificially bred yellow croakers as in Example 2. Place them in a seedling cultivation vehicle under artificial cultivation conditions for continuous cultivation for 58 days, during which only the artificial cultivation conditions are maintained, as a control group. After 58 days of cultivation, 30 yellow croakers are randomly selected for electronic tagging and moved to a large net cage in an experimental sea area simulating a natural ecological environment. No feeding is performed in the subsequent 90 days, as a synchronous control group of Example 2. Observe and determine whether this batch of yellow croakers has the basic ability to survive in the natural environment, and test their survival and growth status after the experiment.

[0076] Growth rate or weight gain rate = (Wt-W0) / W0×100%

[0077] Survival rate SR = Nt / N0×100%

[0078] Specific growth rate SGR = (lnWt-lnW0) / t×100%

[0079] Note: N0 is the initial number of fish; Nt is the final number of fish; W0 is the initial body length or weight; Wt is the final body length or weight; t is the number of training days.

[0080] The experimental and verification results show that after the wild domestication method of Example 2, 90% of the individuals of yellow croaker had an avoidance response to environmental stimuli such as noise and light changes; 100% of the individuals' ability to resist flow increased from an average of 0.3m / s before wilding to 0.6m / s after wilding; and the ability to endure hunger was extended to 4 days. Injury: Among the 200 yellow croakers, 10 had slight surface abrasions, accounting for 5%, mainly concentrated on the sides and backs of the fish. It is speculated that it may be caused by friction with the pool wall or other objects during the domestication process. No serious lacerations or open wounds were found. Symptoms of stress-induced diseases: 25 fish showed stress-induced lightening of body color, accounting for 12.5%; 15 fish showed loss of appetite, accounting for 7.5%, and were initially judged to be stress enteritis.

[0081] Before the yellow lip croaker was put into the large net cage in the experimental sea area simulating the natural ecological environment, that is, in the domestication soil pond cultivation stage, the body length and weight of the yellow lip croaker cultivated in Example 2 and Comparative Example 5 were tested, and the specific results are presented in Table 1. According to statistics, the weight gain rate of the yellow lip croaker in Example 2 was 13.8% and the body length growth rate was 6.7% during the 58-day cultivation period; while the weight gain rate and growth rate of the yellow lip croaker in the control group of Comparative Example 5 were as high as 18.4% and 8.4% respectively after 58 days of artificial cultivation. From the data comparison, the yellow lip croaker cultivated by the wild domestication method of the present invention is slightly lower than the control group of Comparative Example 5 in terms of weight gain rate and body length growth rate, but if you look closely, the difference between the two is not obvious, and the specific growth rate derived from this is also not much different. This result shows that the wild domestication method of the present invention does not have a significant negative impact on the normal growth of yellow lip croaker. More importantly, during the process of wild domestication, the yellow croaker endured and gradually adapted to the stress of various factors, which led to a significant improvement in its stress resistance and laid a good foundation for its subsequent survival in the natural environment.

[0082] Table 1 Comparison of body length and weight of yellow lip fish after 58 days of wild domestication in earthen pond and artificial cultivation in seedling cultivation vehicle

[0083]

[0084] After being put into a large cage in the experimental sea area simulating the natural ecological environment, the yellow lip fish survived alone for 90 days, and the experimental test data on the effect of domestication and wilding are shown in Table 2. In the stage of survival alone in the wild, all groups of the control group had dead individuals. After being put into the large cage in the experimental sea area and surviving naturally for 90 days, the research results showed that the survival rate of the yellow lip fish after the feeding domestication and environmental adaptability domestication of Example 2 was greatly improved, which was higher than the survival rate of each control group. Specifically, as the control group, the comparative example 5, due to artificial breeding, was not domesticated and wilded, and the mortality rate after being put into the wild environment was higher than that of other cases. The above results show that the combined domestication scheme of feeding domestication and environmental adaptability domestication of the present invention can allow the yellow lip fish to withstand multiple stresses in the process of domestication and wilding, greatly expand and improve its stress resistance, and thus improve the survival rate in the wild sea area. The survival rate after environmental stress, feeding stress and interference stress reached 93.3%, which fully demonstrates that the present invention can effectively enhance the survival ability of artificially bred yellow lip fish in the wild.

[0085] Table 2 Comparison of the growth and survival of yellow croaker in large cages in the experimental sea area for 90 days

[0086] Group Starting number Ending digit Survival rate SR (%) Example 2 30 28 93.3 Comparative Example 1 30 25 83.3 Comparative Example 2 30 26 86.7 Comparative Example 3 30 25 83.3 Comparative Example 4 30 27 90.0 Comparative Example 5 30 17 56.7

[0087] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A system for the domestication of yellow croaker, characterized in that: The wild domestication system of yellow croaker includes a domestication earth pond and a circulating water treatment system; the domestication earth pond is divided into a pitted terrain water area, a shallow water area, a steep slope water area and a deep water area; the water inlet of the circulating water treatment system is arranged in the pitted terrain water area, and the water outlet of the circulating water treatment system is arranged in the deep water area; the domestication earth pond is also provided with light, sound, flow environmental factor equipment and monitoring equipment.

2. The system for wilding and domesticating yellow croaker according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shallow water area accounts for 30% to 50% of the area of ​​the domestication earth pond; the deep water area accounts for 25% to 35% of the area of ​​the domestication earth pond; the steep slope water area accounts for 5% to 15% of the area of ​​the domestication earth pond; and the pothole terrain water area accounts for 10% to 30% of the area of ​​the domestication earth pond.

3. The system for wilding and domesticating yellow croaker according to claim 1, characterized in that: The average water depth of the shallow water area is 1 to 2 meters; the average water depth of the deep water area is 2.5 to 3.5 meters; the average water depth of the pothole-shaped water area is 1.5 to 2.0 meters.

4. The system for wilding and domesticating yellow croaker according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pitted terrain water area is adjacent to the shallow water area and / or the steep slope water area; the steep slope water area extends obliquely from the shallow water area to the deep water area, and the inclination slope is 60 to 80 degrees.

5. The system for wilding and domesticating yellow croaker according to claim 1, characterized in that: The light, sound and flow environmental factor equipment includes a light source device, an audio device and a variable frequency submersible pump. The light source device can adjust the light intensity and color temperature. The light source device and the audio device are located above or below the water area of ​​the domestication earth pond, and the water pump is located below the water area of ​​the domestication earth pond.

6. The system for wilding and domesticating yellow croaker according to claim 1, characterized in that: The circulating water treatment system comprises a mechanical particle drum filter, an aeration tank, an upflow anaerobic tower and a variable frequency submersible pump which are sequentially connected by pipelines, and an air flotation machine is arranged in the aeration tank.

7. A domestication method based on the wild domestication system of yellow lip fish according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The temperature and salinity of the water in the domestication earth pond are adjusted to be suitable for the cultivation of yellow lip fish, and the yellow lip fish is put into the pond for feeding and environmental adaptation domestication; The feeding training is intermittent fasting training, the food types are fed alternately, and the feeding amount is gradually increased and rotated; the environmental adaptation training includes one or more of flow stress resistance training, noise stress resistance training, light stress resistance training and enhanced avoidance training.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that The intermittent fasting domestication adopts a "feeding once a day + 4 days of fasting" cycle mode, feeding one type of food each time, and the feeding amount is rotated in a gradient increase of 10%, 40%, 70%, 100%, and 130% of the fish body weight.

9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The anti-current stress training is carried out by gradually increasing the water flow rate from 0.01 m / s to 1 m / s, and maintaining the flow rate for 30 to 60 minutes when the countercurrent movement of the yellow lip fish reaches a critical equilibrium position; The anti-noise stress training is to play ship noise; The light stress resistance training adopts instantaneous strong light, followed by gradual dimming until the original light intensity is restored, or an instantaneous cold light gradually changes to a warm light mode; The avoidance training is mechanical touching immediately after noise stress resistance training, or combining noise stress resistance training or light stress resistance training with flow stress resistance training.

10. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that The domestication earth pond is mixed with 5% to 15% of spotted blue fish in the amount of yellow lip fish.

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