A crane-type high-speed five-axis machining equipment

Abstract

This invention provides a crane-type high-speed five-axis machining center. The machine bed is divided into a first area and a second area by a partition component, achieving functional zoning and physical isolation between the tool magazine and the machining area. This shortens the tool change path, improves tool change efficiency, and ensures machining continuity. The combination of a first bearing inclined surface and a first moving slide rail effectively disperses the dynamic load on the machining spindle during X-axis movement, reducing the risk of vertical deformation of the first moving slide rail and extending its service life. The first moving component of the moving mechanism has high rigidity, providing a stable platform for the superimposed movements of the Z, C, and A axes, ensuring overall accuracy during multi-axis linkage, meeting the requirements of complex surface machining, and is suitable for high-end five-axis machining scenarios in aerospace, precision molds, and other fields. Therefore, this invention solves the technical problem of low X-axis service life in existing crane-type high-speed five-axis machining centers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of workpiece milling technology, and in particular to a crane-type high-speed five-axis machining equipment. Background Technology

[0002] With the surge in demand for machining complex curved surface parts in aerospace, automotive manufacturing, and precision mold making industries, five-axis machining centers have become core equipment in high-end manufacturing due to their multi-degree-of-freedom motion capabilities. Five-axis machining centers have five axes: X, Y, Z, A, and C. The XYZ and AC axes form a five-axis linkage machining process, excelling in spatial curved surface machining, irregular shape machining, hollowing, drilling, oblique hole cutting, and bevel cutting, and are characterized by high efficiency and high precision.

[0003] In existing technologies, the axes of traditional five-axis machining centers are rigidly connected by a mechanical frame (such as bed, column, and beam), and the moving parts of each axis (such as guide rails, lead screws, and rotary tables) are embedded in the same structural system, forming a rigid connection. However, since the axes of a five-axis machining center are connected in series sequentially, such as Y→X→Z→C→A, the motion of the next axis is superimposed on the displacement of the previous axis. The Z-axis, which integrates the A and C axes, experiences significant contact stress on the X-axis. Furthermore, when the A / C axes rotate at high speed (such as the C-axis at 300 rpm), high-frequency vibrations are generated, which are transmitted to the X-axis through the Z-axis base, triggering a resonance risk. This results in a shorter service life for the X-axis and affects the machining stability of the five-axis machining center. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a crane-type high-speed five-axis machining equipment, which solves the technical problem of the low service life of the X-axis in existing crane-type high-speed five-axis machining equipment.

[0005] To achieve this objective, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A crane-type high-speed five-axis machining equipment includes: a bed, a moving mechanism, and a machining spindle connected in sequence. The bed is equipped with a partition component for dividing the bed into a first region and a second region. The first region is provided with a tool magazine for providing tools to the machining spindle, and the second region is provided with operating space for machining workpieces.

[0007] The moving mechanism is used to drive the machining spindle to move in the X-axis, Y-axis, Z-axis, C-axis and A-axis directions, and the moving mechanism includes a first moving component;

[0008] The first moving component includes a moving crossbeam with a first pressure-bearing inclined surface. A first moving slide rail is fixedly installed on the first pressure-bearing inclined surface. At least one first moving block is slidably connected to the first moving slide rail. A first moving stage is fixedly connected to the first moving block. A first moving motor is installed on the moving crossbeam and drives the first moving stage to move, so that the first moving stage drives the machining spindle to move in the X-axis direction.

[0009] Optionally, the movable crossbeam is provided with a second pressure-bearing inclined surface that is parallel and spaced apart from the first pressure-bearing inclined surface. A second movable slide rail that is parallel and spaced apart from the first movable slide rail is fixedly installed on the second pressure-bearing inclined surface. At least one second movable block that is fixedly connected to the first movable platform is slidably connected to the second movable slide rail.

[0010] Optionally, the movable crossbeam is provided with a third pressure-bearing inclined surface that is parallel and spaced apart from the second pressure-bearing inclined surface. A third movable slide rail is fixedly installed on the third pressure-bearing inclined surface that is parallel and spaced apart from the second movable slide rail. At least one third movable block that is fixedly connected to the first movable platform is slidably connected to the third movable slide rail.

[0011] Optionally, the distance between the first movable slide rail and the second movable slide rail is greater than the distance between the second movable slide rail and the third movable slide rail, and the first pressure-bearing inclined surface, the second pressure-bearing inclined surface and the third pressure-bearing inclined surface are located on the same plane.

[0012] Optionally, the moving mechanism further includes a second moving component, a third moving component, and a double-swivel head, wherein the bed, the second moving component, the first moving component, the third moving component, the double-swivel head, and the machining spindle are connected in sequence;

[0013] Two second moving components are arranged parallel to each other on the bed and respectively connected to the opposite ends of the first moving component. The second moving components are used to realize the movement of the machining spindle in the Y-axis direction, the third moving component is used to realize the movement of the machining spindle in the Z-axis direction, and the double oscillating head is used to realize the oscillation of the machining spindle in the A-axis and C-axis directions.

[0014] The X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis are perpendicular to each other. The A-axis is the direction of rotation around the Y-axis, and the C-axis is the direction of rotation around the Z-axis.

[0015] Optionally, the double-swivel head includes a first rotary table and a second rotary table, the first rotary table is rotatably connected to the third moving component, the second rotary table is rotatably connected to the first rotary table, and the machining spindle is mounted on the second rotary table;

[0016] The first rotary table is used to drive the machining spindle to rotate in the C-axis direction, and the second rotary table is used to drive the machining spindle to rotate in the A-axis direction.

[0017] Optionally, the spacing assembly includes a spacing enclosure with an opening, a spacing door for opening and closing the opening is slidably connected to the spacing enclosure, and a spacing cylinder for driving the spacing door to move is mounted on the spacing enclosure.

[0018] Optionally, it also includes a connected rocker arm and a control box, the rocker arm being used to move the control box; the rocker arm includes a first support rod, a second support rod, and a third support rod, the first support rod being connected to the moving mechanism;

[0019] One end of the second support rod is rotatably connected to the first support rod, and the other end of the second support rod is rotatably connected to the third support rod. The control box is fixedly installed on the end of the third support rod away from the second support rod.

[0020] Optionally, it includes a tool setter and a lighting lamp located in the first area, the tool setter being used to detect the cutting tool on the machining spindle;

[0021] The tool magazine includes a first tool holder, a second tool holder slidably connected to the first tool holder, and a drive cylinder mounted on the first tool holder. A chain is rotatably connected to the second tool holder, and at least one tool magazine for accommodating tools is mounted on the chain.

[0022] The second tool post is equipped with a drive motor for moving the chain, and the drive cylinder is used to drive the second tool post to move along the direction close to or away from the machining spindle so that the tool in the tool magazine can perform a tool changing operation.

[0023] Optionally, the surface of the workpiece may be milled using the following methods:

[0024] Step S1: Perform multi-angle scanning on the workpiece to generate a three-dimensional point cloud model; wherein the workpiece is an irregularly shaped part.

[0025] Step S2: Based on deep learning algorithm, feature recognition is performed on the three-dimensional point cloud model, and the identified curvature change region, deep cavity feature region and thin wall feature region are used as key processing features;

[0026] Step S3: Compare the three-dimensional point cloud model with the preset workpiece processing model, calculate the actual processing allowance distribution of the workpiece, and divide the surface of the workpiece into a roughing area, a semi-finishing area and a finishing area based on the allowance gradient difference; wherein, the roughing allowance is greater than 2mm and the finishing allowance is less than 0.5mm.

[0027] Step S4: Based on the key machining features and the type of machining area, obtain the tool mapping rules: wherein, when machining the deep cavity feature area, the first tool is called, when machining the thin wall feature area, the second tool is called, and when machining the curvature change area, the third tool is called.

[0028] Step S5: Based on the spatial coordinates of the key machining features and the tool mapping rules, obtain the five-axis linkage motion path of the machining spindle:

[0029] Step S6: Based on the five-axis linkage motion path, the machining spindle drives the tool to perform milling on the surface of the workpiece.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0031] This invention provides a crane-type high-speed five-axis machining center. The machine bed is divided into a first area and a second area by a partition component, achieving functional zoning. The tool magazine is physically isolated from the machining area, preventing contamination of the tools by debris and coolant generated during machining. It also shortens the tool change path, improves tool change efficiency, and ensures machining continuity. The combination of a first bearing inclined surface and a first moving slide rail effectively disperses the dynamic load of the machining spindle during X-axis movement, enhancing structural rigidity, reducing the risk of vertical deformation of the first moving slide rail, and extending its service life. The moving mechanism adopts a modular design, facilitating installation, debugging, and subsequent maintenance. The first moving component of the moving mechanism has high rigidity, providing a stable platform for the superimposed movements of the Z, C, and A axes, ensuring overall accuracy during multi-axis linkage, meeting the needs of complex surface machining, and suitable for high-end five-axis machining scenarios in aerospace, precision molds, and other fields. Therefore, this invention solves the technical problem of low X-axis service life in existing crane-type high-speed five-axis machining centers. Attached Figure Description

[0032] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0033] The structures, proportions, sizes, etc., shown in the accompanying drawings of this specification are only for the purpose of assisting those skilled in the art in understanding and reading the content disclosed in the specification, and are not intended to limit the conditions under which the present invention can be implemented. Therefore, they have no substantial technical significance. Any modifications to the structure, changes in the proportions, or adjustments to the size, without affecting the effects and objectives that the present invention can produce, should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed in the present invention.

[0034] Figure 1 This is one of the three-dimensional structural schematic diagrams of a crane-type high-speed five-axis machining equipment disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a second three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a crane-type high-speed five-axis machining equipment disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 This is a top view of a crane-type high-speed five-axis machining equipment disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 This is one of the partial structural schematic diagrams of a crane-type high-speed five-axis machining equipment disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 5 This is a second partial structural schematic diagram of a crane-type high-speed five-axis machining equipment disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 6 This is the third partial structural schematic diagram of a crane-type high-speed five-axis machining equipment disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the tool magazine in a crane-type high-speed five-axis machining equipment disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a spacer component in a crane-type high-speed five-axis machining equipment disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Illustration:

[0043] 10. Bed; 20. Machining spindle;

[0044] 30. Spacer assembly; 31. Spacer enclosure; 32. Spacer door; 33. Spacer cylinder;

[0045] 40. First moving component; 41. Moving crossbeam; 411. First pressure-bearing inclined surface; 412. Second pressure-bearing inclined surface; 413. Third pressure-bearing inclined surface; 42. First moving slide rail; 43. First moving block; 44. First moving platform; 45. Second moving slide rail; 46. Second moving block; 47. Third moving slide rail; 48. Third moving block; 49. First moving motor;

[0046] 50. Second moving component; 60. Third moving component; 70. Double swing head; 71. First rotary table; 72. Second rotary table;

[0047] 80. Rocker arm; 81. First support rod; 82. Second support rod; 83. Third support rod;

[0048] 90. Control box; 100. Tool setter; 200. Lighting;

[0049] 300. Tool magazine; 301. First tool post; 302. Second tool post; 303. Drive cylinder; 304. Chain; 305. Tool magazine; 306. Drive motor. Detailed Implementation

[0050] To make the objectives, features, and advantages of this invention more apparent and understandable, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described below are only some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0051] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. It should be noted that when a component is considered to be "connected" to another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or there may be a component positioned centrally in the connection.

[0052] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0053] This invention provides a crane-type high-speed five-axis machining equipment, such as... Figures 1 to 8As shown, it includes: a bed 10, a moving mechanism and a machining spindle 20 connected in sequence. The bed 10 is equipped with a partition assembly 30 for dividing the bed 10 into a first area and a second area. The first area is provided with a tool magazine 300 for providing tools to the machining spindle 20, and the second area is used to provide operating space for machining workpieces.

[0054] The moving mechanism is used to drive the machining spindle 20 to move in the X-axis, Y-axis, Z-axis, C-axis and A-axis directions. The moving mechanism includes a first moving component 40.

[0055] The first moving component 40 includes a moving crossbeam 41 with a first pressure-bearing inclined surface 411. A first moving slide rail 42 is fixedly mounted on the first pressure-bearing inclined surface 411. At least one first moving block 43 is slidably connected to the first moving slide rail 42, and a first moving stage 44 is fixedly connected to the first moving block 43. A first moving motor 49 is mounted on the moving crossbeam 41 to drive the first moving stage 44 to move, thereby causing the first moving stage 44 to move the machining spindle 20 in the X-axis direction. In this embodiment, the first moving motor 49 is driven by a lead screw, driving the first moving stage 44 to move linearly in the X-axis direction.

[0056] It should be noted that the overhead crane-type high-speed five-axis machining equipment provided by this invention divides the bed 10 into a first area and a second area through the partition component 30, realizing functional zoning. The tool magazine 300 is physically isolated from the machining area, which can avoid contamination of the tools by debris, coolant, etc. generated during machining, while shortening the tool change path, improving tool change efficiency, and ensuring machining continuity. The combination of the first bearing inclined surface 411 and the first moving slide rail 42 can effectively disperse the dynamic load when the machining spindle 20 moves in the X-axis direction, enhance structural rigidity, reduce the risk of vertical deformation of the first moving slide rail 42, and extend the service life of the first moving slide rail 42. The moving mechanism adopts a modular design, which is convenient for installation, debugging, and subsequent maintenance. The first moving component 40 of the moving mechanism has high rigidity, providing a stable platform for the superimposed movement of the Z, C, and A axes, ensuring the overall accuracy during multi-axis linkage, meeting the needs of complex curved surface machining, and is suitable for high-end five-axis machining scenarios in aerospace, precision mold, and other fields. Therefore, this invention solves the technical problem of low X-axis service life of overhead crane-type high-speed five-axis machining equipment in the prior art.

[0057] like Figures 1 to 5As shown, the movable crossbeam 41 is provided with a second pressure-bearing inclined surface 412 that is parallel and spaced apart from the first pressure-bearing inclined surface 411. A second movable slide rail 45 that is parallel and spaced apart from the first movable slide rail 42 is fixedly installed on the second pressure-bearing inclined surface 412. At least one second movable block 46 that is fixedly connected to the first movable platform 44 is slidably connected to the second movable slide rail 45. In this embodiment, there are two second movable blocks 46.

[0058] It should be noted that the use of the second bearing inclined surface 412 and the second moving slide rail 45 further disperses the dynamic load generated when the machining spindle 20 moves in the X-axis direction, which helps to reduce the vertical force on the first moving slide rail 42 and the second moving slide rail 45 and reduce deformation.

[0059] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the movable crossbeam 41 is provided with a third pressure-bearing inclined surface 413 that is parallel and spaced apart from the second pressure-bearing inclined surface 412. A second movable slide rail 45 is fixedly installed on the third pressure-bearing inclined surface 413, and a third movable slide rail 47 is provided parallel and spaced apart from the second movable slide rail 45. At least one third movable block 48 that is fixedly connected to the first movable platform 44 is slidably connected to the third movable slide rail 47.

[0060] It should be noted that by setting multiple bearing ramps (first bearing ramp 411, second bearing ramp 412, and third bearing ramp 413) on the moving crossbeam 41, and installing corresponding moving slide rails on each ramp, the dynamic load generated when the machining spindle 20 moves in the X-axis direction is effectively distributed. This helps to reduce the vertical force on the moving slide rails and reduce deformation, thereby significantly improving the stability of the equipment and reducing the wear of mechanical parts. By introducing multiple bearing ramps and moving slide rails, the rigidity of the overall structure is improved. In particular, the load distribution effect in the X-axis direction results in better motion stability, making this machining equipment suitable for high-precision multi-axis linkage machining requirements.

[0061] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the distance between the first moving slide rail 42 and the second moving slide rail 45 is greater than the distance between the second moving slide rail 45 and the third moving slide rail 47. The first pressure-bearing inclined surface 411, the second pressure-bearing inclined surface 412, and the third pressure-bearing inclined surface 413 are located on the same plane. In this embodiment, the distance between the first pressure-bearing inclined surface 411 and the second pressure-bearing inclined surface 412 is greater than the distance between the second pressure-bearing inclined surface 412 and the third pressure-bearing inclined surface 413; the angles between the first pressure-bearing inclined surface 411, the second pressure-bearing inclined surface 412, and the third pressure-bearing inclined surface 413 and the horizontal plane are respectively 15 to 30 degrees.

[0062] It should be noted that the first bearing inclined surface 411, the second bearing inclined surface 412, and the third bearing inclined surface 413 coordinate with each other, dispersing the dynamic load from the machining spindle 20 in the X-axis direction through multi-level bearing, avoiding excessive stress on a single bearing surface or slide rail, thus effectively reducing the problem of excessive local contact stress. Since the distance between the first moving slide rail 42 and the second moving slide rail 45 is greater than the distance between the second moving slide rail 45 and the third moving slide rail 47, it helps to disperse the load between the slide rails during machining, improving the stability and deformation resistance of the structure. Reducing local contact stress contributes to the long-term use of the slide rails and extends the lifespan of the equipment. The parallel and spaced moving slide rails effectively counteract vibrations generated during high-speed movement, avoiding dynamic errors or deformations caused by vibrations and improving the motion accuracy during machining. The multi-layered structure effectively reduces the impact of thermal deformation, especially in high-precision machining, where thermal expansion is a significant factor affecting accuracy. Dispersing stress and load helps reduce equipment deformation caused by thermal expansion, thereby improving the overall machining quality.

[0063] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the moving mechanism also includes a second moving component 50, a third moving component 60, and a double swivel head 70. The bed 10, the second moving component 50, the first moving component 40, the third moving component 60, the double swivel head 70, and the machining spindle 20 are connected in sequence.

[0064] Two second moving components 50 are arranged in parallel opposite directions on the bed 10 and are respectively connected to the opposite ends of the first moving component 40. The second moving components 50 are used to realize the movement of the machining spindle 20 in the Y-axis direction, the third moving component 60 is used to realize the movement of the machining spindle 20 in the Z-axis direction, and the double swivel head 70 is used to realize the swivel of the machining spindle 20 in the A-axis and C-axis directions.

[0065] The X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis are perpendicular to each other. The A-axis is the rotation direction around the Y-axis, and the C-axis is the rotation direction around the Z-axis. Both the second moving component 50 and the third moving component 60 are driven by motors. Both the second moving component 50 and the third moving component 60 are well-known technologies in the art and will not be described in detail here.

[0066] It should be noted that through precise multi-axis linkage control, the equipment can perform machining at different angles and in complex spatial paths, improving tool path planning efficiency while reducing tool change time and distance. This efficient tool management helps improve overall production efficiency. The dual-swivel head 70 can precisely control the movement of the machining spindle 20 in the C-axis and A-axis directions, enabling the machining spindle 20 to perform more complex rotary movements. This precise rotary control provides extremely high accuracy and flexibility when machining complex curved surfaces and multi-angle parts.

[0067] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the double-swivel head 70 includes a first rotary table 71 and a second rotary table 72. The first rotary table 71 is rotatably connected to the third moving component 60, and the second rotary table 72 is rotatably connected to the first rotary table 71. The machining spindle 20 is mounted on the second rotary table 72.

[0068] The first rotary table 71 drives the machining spindle 20 to rotate in the C-axis direction, and the second rotary table 72 drives the machining spindle 20 to rotate in the A-axis direction. In this embodiment, both the first rotary table 71 and the second rotary table 72 are powered by motors.

[0069] It should be noted that the double-swivel head 70 structure can evenly distribute the load on the machining spindle 20, reducing impact and uneven force between rotating parts. The connection between the first rotary table 71 and the third moving component 60, and the connection between the second rotary table 72 and the first rotary table 71, ensures the rigidity of the double-swivel head 70 system and reduces resonance during high-speed rotation. This high-rigidity structure effectively improves stability during five-axis simultaneous machining, ensuring high-precision machining results. Each rotary table of the double-swivel head 70 is driven by a motor, guaranteeing reliability in both high precision and high-speed rotation. The efficient operation of the motors allows for rapid response to control system commands, enabling the machining spindle 20 to be quickly and accurately adjusted to the required angle, thus improving the equipment's machining efficiency.

[0070] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 8 As shown, the partition assembly 30 includes a partition plate 31 with an opening, a partition door 32 for opening and closing the opening is slidably connected to the partition plate 31, and a partition cylinder 33 for driving the partition door 32 to move is installed on the partition plate 31. In this embodiment, two photoelectric switches are provided on the partition plate 31, and the photoelectric switches are used to detect that the partition door 32 has moved into place.

[0071] It should be noted that the bed 10 is divided into a first area and a second area by the partition component 30, and the tool magazine 300 is isolated from the machining area by the opening and closing of the partition door 32. This effectively prevents debris, coolant, and other contaminants from the machining process from contaminating the tools, maintaining tool cleanliness, shortening the tool change path, improving tool change efficiency, and thus ensuring machining continuity and production efficiency. Since the partition plate 31 has an opening, the partition door 32 is opened and closed by the partition cylinder 33. The opening and closing function of the partition door 32 allows for rapid physical isolation of the tool magazine 300 from the machining area according to different machining tasks or operational needs, or it can be opened for operation as needed. The partition cylinder 33 is used to drive the partition door 32 to move, and the opening and closing of the door can be precisely controlled by the cylinder. Through the control of the cylinder, the partition door 32 can automatically respond to operational needs without manual intervention, optimizing the entire machining process.

[0072] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, it also includes a connected rocker arm 80 and a control box 90. The rocker arm 80 is used to drive the control box 90 to move. The rocker arm 80 includes a first support rod 81, a second support rod 82 and a third support rod 83. The first support rod 81 is connected to the moving mechanism. In the specific implementation process, the first support rod 81 is connected to the second moving component 50.

[0073] One end of the second support rod 82 is rotatably connected to the first support rod 81, and the other end of the second support rod 82 is rotatably connected to the third support rod 83. The control box 90 is fixedly installed on the end of the third support rod 83 away from the second support rod 82.

[0074] It should be noted that the rocker arm 80, through the structure of the first support rod 81, the second support rod 82, and the third support rod 83, allows the control box 90 to move easily on the moving mechanism. This enables the control box 90 to flexibly adjust its position in different working environments, ensuring that the operator can control and monitor from the optimal position, thus improving the overall convenience and efficiency of operation. The rocker arm 80 design ensures that the movement of the control box 90 does not occupy excessive space while maintaining operational flexibility.

[0075] like Figures 1 to 8 As shown, it includes a tool setter 100 and a lighting lamp 200 located in the first area. The tool setter 100 is used to detect the tool on the machining spindle 20.

[0076] The tool magazine 300 includes a first tool post 301, a second tool post 302 slidably connected to the first tool post 301, and a drive cylinder 303 mounted on the first tool post 301. A chain 304 is rotatably connected to the second tool post 302, and at least one tool magazine 305 for accommodating tools is mounted on the chain 304.

[0077] The second tool holder 302 is equipped with a drive motor 306 for driving the chain 304 to move, and a drive cylinder 303 is used to drive the second tool holder 302 to move along the direction close to or away from the machining spindle 20 so that the tool in the tool magazine 305 can perform tool changing operations.

[0078] It should be noted that the cooperation between chain 304 and tool magazine 305 can efficiently accommodate multiple tools and ensure that the tools are arranged and managed in a predetermined order. The use of chain 304 and tool magazine 305 ensures the neat arrangement and readily available state of the tools, which helps to improve the smoothness and organization of the workflow. The chain 304 is moved by drive motor 306, which moves tool magazine 305 with the tools to a position close to partition door 32. Then, partition cylinder 33 drives partition door 32 to open, and drive cylinder 303 drives second tool holder 302 to move along the direction close to machining spindle 20, so that the tool enters the first area from the second area, and finally machining spindle 20 picks up the corresponding tool.

[0079] In this embodiment, the overhead crane-type high-speed five-axis machining equipment uses the following method to mill the surface of the workpiece, specifically including:

[0080] Step S1: Perform multi-angle scanning on the workpiece to generate a three-dimensional point cloud model; wherein, the workpiece is an irregularly shaped part; in this embodiment, the workpiece is scanned from multiple angles using a three-dimensional scanner commonly used in the art.

[0081] Step S2: Based on deep learning algorithms, feature recognition is performed on the 3D point cloud model, and the identified curvature change region, deep cavity feature region, and thin wall feature region are used as key processing features; In this embodiment, deep learning algorithms (such as convolutional neural networks) are well known in the art and will not be described in detail here.

[0082] Step S3: Compare the 3D point cloud model with the preset workpiece machining model, calculate the actual machining allowance distribution of the workpiece, and divide the surface of the workpiece into a roughing area, a semi-finishing area, and a finishing area based on the allowance gradient difference. Here, the allowance gradient difference refers to the rate of change of machining allowance between different areas on the surface of the workpiece. The roughing allowance is greater than 2mm, the semi-finishing allowance is between 0.5mm and 2mm, and the finishing allowance is less than 0.5mm.

[0083] Step S4: Based on the key machining features and the type of machining area, the tool mapping rules are obtained: the first tool is called when machining deep cavity feature areas, the second tool is called when machining thin-walled feature areas, and the third tool is called when machining curvature abrupt change areas; when there are multiple key machining features in an area, the second tool corresponding to the thin-walled feature is called first; the first tool is a long-neck end mill with an aspect ratio greater than 5; the second tool is a high-rigidity carbide end mill; and the third tool is a rounded nose end mill with a radius of 0.5 mm.

[0084] Step S5: Based on the spatial coordinates of key machining features and the tool mapping rules, the five-axis linkage motion path of the machining spindle 20 is obtained:

[0085] Step S6: Based on the five-axis linkage motion path, the machining spindle 20 drives the tool to perform milling on the surface of the workpiece.

[0086] It should be noted that step S1 captures the complex surfaces and details of the workpiece, providing accurate geometric information for subsequent machining path planning. Step S2, by automatically identifying and annotating key machining features, helps achieve refined machining, improving machining efficiency and accuracy. The allowance-based division method ensures a more natural transition between roughing and finishing, optimizing efficiency and quality during the machining process. The tool mapping rules help optimize tool utilization efficiency while ensuring machining accuracy. The five-axis linkage motion path of the machining spindle 20 ensures that the tool can move along the optimal path during complex machining, thereby reducing errors during the machining process and improving surface quality.

[0087] Working principle: The present invention provides a crane-type high-speed five-axis machining equipment. The second moving component 50, the first moving component 40, the third moving component 60 and the double swivel head 70 play a driving role, driving the machining spindle 20 to move in the Y-axis, X-axis, Z-axis, C-axis and A-axis directions, moving the tool to the corresponding machining position. The machining spindle 20 drives the tool to rotate, and performs milling operation on the workpiece on the bed 10.

[0088] The bed 10 is divided into a first area and a second area by the partition component 30, realizing functional zoning. The tool magazine 300 is physically isolated from the machining area, which can avoid contamination of the tools by debris, coolant and other substances generated during machining. At the same time, it shortens the tool change path, improves tool change efficiency, and ensures machining continuity. Through the use and cooperation of the first bearing inclined surface 411 with the first moving slide rail 42, the second bearing inclined surface 412 with the second moving slide rail 45, and the third bearing inclined surface 413 with the third moving slide rail 47, the dynamic load of the machining spindle 20 when moving in the X-axis direction can be effectively distributed, enhancing structural rigidity, reducing the risk of vertical deformation of the first moving slide rail 42, and extending the service life of the first moving slide rail 42.

[0089] The moving mechanism adopts a modular design, which facilitates installation, debugging, and subsequent maintenance. The first moving component of the moving mechanism has high rigidity, providing a stable platform for the superimposed motion of the Z, C, and A axes, ensuring the overall accuracy during multi-axis linkage, meeting the machining requirements of complex curved surfaces, and is suitable for high-end five-axis machining scenarios in aerospace, precision molds, and other fields.

[0090] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A crane-type high-speed five-axis machining equipment, characterized in that, include: The bed (10), the moving mechanism and the machining spindle (20) are connected in sequence. The bed (10) is equipped with a partition assembly (30) for dividing the bed (10) into a first area and a second area. The first area is provided with a tool magazine (300) for providing tools to the machining spindle (20), and the second area is used to provide operating space for the machining of workpieces. The moving mechanism is used to drive the machining spindle (20) to move in the X-axis, Y-axis, Z-axis, C-axis and A-axis directions. The moving mechanism includes a first moving component (40). The first moving component (40) includes a moving crossbeam (41), on which a first pressure-bearing inclined surface (411) is provided. A first moving slide rail (42) is fixedly installed on the first pressure-bearing inclined surface (411). At least one first moving block (43) is slidably connected on the first moving slide rail (42). A first moving stage (44) is fixedly connected on the first moving block (43). A first moving motor (49) is installed on the moving crossbeam (41). The first moving motor (49) is used to drive the first moving stage (44) to move, so that the first moving stage (44) drives the machining spindle (20) to move in the X-axis direction. The following methods are used to mill the surface of the workpiece, including: Step S1: Perform multi-angle scanning on the workpiece to generate a three-dimensional point cloud model; wherein the workpiece is an irregularly shaped part. Step S2: Based on deep learning algorithm, feature recognition is performed on the three-dimensional point cloud model, and the identified curvature change region, deep cavity feature region and thin wall feature region are used as key processing features; Step S3: Compare the three-dimensional point cloud model with the preset workpiece processing model, calculate the actual processing allowance distribution of the workpiece, and divide the surface of the workpiece into a roughing area, a semi-finishing area, and a finishing area based on the allowance gradient difference; wherein, the allowance gradient difference refers to the rate of change of the processing allowance between different areas on the surface of the workpiece, the roughing allowance is greater than 2mm, the semi-finishing allowance is between 0.5mm and 2mm, and the finishing allowance is less than 0.5mm; Step S4: Based on the key machining features and the type of machining area, obtain the tool mapping rules: The first tool is called when machining the deep cavity feature area, the second tool is called when machining the thin-walled feature area, and the third tool is called when machining the curvature abrupt change area; when multiple key machining features exist in the area, the second tool corresponding to the thin-walled feature is preferentially called; the first tool is a long-neck end mill with an aspect ratio greater than 5; the second tool is a high-rigidity carbide end mill; and the third tool is a rounded nose end mill with a radius of 0.5 mm. Step S5: Based on the spatial coordinates of the key machining features and the tool mapping rules, the five-axis linkage motion path of the machining spindle (20) is obtained: Step S6: Based on the five-axis linkage motion path, the machining spindle (20) drives the tool to perform milling on the surface of the workpiece.

2. The overhead crane-type high-speed five-axis machining equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The movable crossbeam (41) is provided with a second pressure-bearing inclined surface (412) that is parallel to and spaced apart from the first pressure-bearing inclined surface (411). A second movable slide rail (45) that is parallel to and spaced apart from the first movable slide rail (42) is fixedly installed on the second pressure-bearing inclined surface (412). At least one second movable block (46) that is fixedly connected to the first movable platform (44) is slidably connected to the second movable slide rail (45).

3. The overhead crane-type high-speed five-axis machining equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, The movable crossbeam (41) is provided with a third pressure-bearing inclined surface (413) that is parallel and spaced apart from the second pressure-bearing inclined surface (412). The third pressure-bearing inclined surface (413) is fixedly installed with a third movable slide rail (47) that is parallel and spaced apart from the second movable slide rail (45). At least one third movable block (48) that is fixedly connected to the first movable platform (44) is slidably connected to the third movable slide rail (47).

4. The overhead crane type high-speed five-axis machining equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that, The distance between the first movable slide rail (42) and the second movable slide rail (45) is greater than the distance between the second movable slide rail (45) and the third movable slide rail (47). The first pressure-bearing inclined surface (411), the second pressure-bearing inclined surface (412) and the third pressure-bearing inclined surface (413) are located on the same plane.

5. The overhead crane type high-speed five-axis machining equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The moving mechanism further includes a second moving component (50), a third moving component (60), and a double-swivel head (70), and the bed (10), the second moving component (50), the first moving component (40), the third moving component (60), the double-swivel head (70), and the machining spindle (20) are connected in sequence; Two second moving components (50) are arranged parallel to each other on the bed (10) and respectively connected to the opposite ends of the first moving component (40). The second moving component (50) is used to realize the movement of the machining spindle (20) in the Y-axis direction. The third moving component (60) is used to realize the movement of the machining spindle (20) in the Z-axis direction. The double swivel head (70) is used to realize the swing of the machining spindle (20) in the A-axis and C-axis directions. The X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis are perpendicular to each other. The A-axis is the direction of rotation around the Y-axis, and the C-axis is the direction of rotation around the Z-axis.

6. The overhead crane-type high-speed five-axis machining equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that, The double-swivel head (70) includes a first rotary table (71) and a second rotary table (72). The first rotary table (71) is rotatably connected to the third moving component (60), and the second rotary table (72) is rotatably connected to the first rotary table (71). The machining spindle (20) is mounted on the second rotary table (72). The first rotary table (71) is used to drive the machining spindle (20) to rotate in the C-axis direction, and the second rotary table (72) is used to drive the machining spindle (20) to rotate in the A-axis direction.

7. The overhead crane type high-speed five-axis machining equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The partition assembly (30) includes a partition panel (31) with an opening, on which a partition door (32) for opening and closing the opening is slidably connected, and on which a partition cylinder (33) for driving the partition door (32) to move is mounted.

8. The overhead crane type high-speed five-axis machining equipment according to claim 1 or 7, characterized in that, It also includes a connected rocker arm (80) and a control box (90), the rocker arm (80) being used to drive the control box (90) to move; the rocker arm (80) includes a first support rod (81), a second support rod (82) and a third support rod (83), the first support rod (81) being connected to the moving mechanism; One end of the second support rod (82) is rotatably connected to the first support rod (81), and the other end of the second support rod (82) is rotatably connected to the third support rod (83). The control box (90) is fixedly installed at the end of the third support rod (83) away from the second support rod (82).

9. The overhead crane-type high-speed five-axis machining equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that, Includes a tool setter (100) and a lighting lamp (200) located in the first area, the tool setter (100) being used to detect the tool on the machining spindle (20); The tool magazine (300) includes a first tool holder (301), a second tool holder (302) slidably connected to the first tool holder (301), and a drive cylinder (303) mounted on the first tool holder (301). A chain (304) is rotatably connected to the second tool holder (302), and at least one tool magazine (305) for accommodating tools is mounted on the chain (304). The second tool holder (302) is equipped with a drive motor (306) for driving the chain (304) to move. The drive cylinder (303) is used to drive the second tool holder (302) to move along the direction close to or away from the machining spindle (20) so that the tool in the tool magazine (305) can perform a tool changing operation.

Images