Broadband adjustable rocking arc welding method, welding torch and application

Abstract

The invention discloses a broadband adjustable rocking electric arc welding method, a welding torch and application. The welding torch comprises a large-bending conducting rod mechanism with a bending angle and a single-side nozzle integrally matched with the large-bending conducting rod mechanism for use. A bent nozzle or a straight-barrel-shaped nozzle is fixed to the bent side of the large-bending conducting rod mechanism, a single gas circuit or double gas circuits are arranged in the nozzle, inner side gas flow of a lower end opening of the nozzle can cool the lower portion of the large-bending conducting rod mechanism, and outer side gas flow protects a welding high-temperature area. The flow distribution of the welding shielding gas on the front side and the rear side of an electric arc can be adjusted by adjusting the nozzle inner bending angle or the overall front inclination angle of the nozzle arranged on the single side, so that the welding gas shielding effect on a welded high-temperature welding seam is improved; by adjusting the backward included angle between the electrode and the center line of the welding seam, the electric arc pointing direction and the molten drop transition direction can be adjusted, so that the welding process stability is improved when the electric arc swings at a high frequency. Therefore, the rocking frequency of the electric arc can be adjusted within the wide range of 1.0-35 Hz, and single-layer or multi-layer welding seam gas shielded welding of the broadband adjustable rocking electric arc is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of high-efficiency welding and automatic welding, and specifically relates to a broadband adjustable shaking arc gas shielded welding method and welding torch with single-side nozzle protection and application, which is suitable for single-layer or multi-layer welding of melting electrode or non-melting electrode arc. Background Art

[0002] The shaking / rotating arc gas shielded welding method is an advanced arc welding process, which is suitable for consumable or non-consumable arc welding. This process generally mechanically makes the arc swing in a reciprocating arc shape or rotate in one direction around the center of the welding torch, which can effectively adjust the arc heat distribution in the welding groove, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the weld formation and improving the performance of the welded joint. In particular, the shaking arc process has been increasingly used due to its strong controllability and good stability of the welding process.

[0003] During the shaking / rotating arc gas shielded welding, the issues of welding gas protection and cooling of the welding conductive nozzle attract attention. The welding conductive nozzle is a consumable item that needs to be replaced frequently and cannot be water-cooled. Therefore, in order to increase the service life of the conductive nozzle, air cooling through the nozzle is the only possible way to cool the conductive nozzle. In addition, how to implement effective gas protection on the welding area through the nozzle is also a key technology. It is common in this field that welding gas shielding nozzles are divided into two categories: sleeve type and side type. Among them, the sleeve type nozzle needs to be sleeved on the periphery of the welding torch conductive rod, which has a better cooling effect on the conductive nozzle, but its nozzle size is large and is only suitable for welding occasions where the working space is not limited; the side type nozzle is installed as a whole on the outside of the welding torch conductive rod, which can be fixedly connected to the welding torch and can be extended into a narrow welding groove, which is particularly suitable for narrow gap welding, but it often needs to be arranged on both sides of the welding torch conductive rod to form a double side nozzle to obtain a stable arc welding process.

[0004] Chinese patent application number 200610038184.6, entitled "A Rotating Arc Narrow Gap Welding Gas Protection Device", discloses a narrow gap welding nozzle device, including a sleeve nozzle and a side-mounted single-layer nozzle. Among them, the side-mounted nozzle includes two inwardly bent flat nozzle tubes, which are arranged on the front and rear sides of the conductive rod respectively, and can be extended into the narrow gap welding groove to protect the deep filling weld in the narrow gap welding groove; the sleeve-type nozzle is sleeved on the outer periphery of the conductive rod and placed on the outer upper part of the groove to protect the shallow filling weld near the surface and the cover weld in the narrow gap welding groove; its disadvantages are: ① double side-mounted nozzles are adopted, and the nozzle structure is complicated; ② the two nozzle tubes are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the conductive rod, which is only suitable for protecting the rotating arc or the shaking arc driven by the conductive rod with a small angle bend; ③ after the airflow of the inwardly bent nozzle tubes on both sides intersects in the arc area, an upward high-temperature airflow will be formed, which will directly impact the conductive nozzle and the lower end face of the welding torch body, and will significantly reduce the service life of the conductive nozzle and the welding torch; ④ when the sleeve-type nozzle is used, the conductive rod needs to pass through the inner cavity of the nozzle, making it difficult to achieve dynamic sealing of the gas between the nozzle and the conductive rod, resulting in poor air tightness of the nozzle.

[0005] The Chinese patent application number is 202011546613.7, and the name is "A Narrow Gap Welding Gun". It discloses a nozzle mechanism using double-sided inner and outer air blowing pipes for protecting the weld deep in the narrow gap welding groove. The air blowing pipes are all flat straight pipe structures that are vertical up and down, and are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the conductive rod and parallel to the conductive rod; the end cut of the inner air blowing pipe faces inward to protect the intermediate arc and the molten pool, and the end cut of the outer air blowing pipe faces outward to prevent the outside air from being drawn in and protecting the surface of the welded high-temperature weld. Its disadvantages are: ① Double-sided nozzles are used, and the nozzle structure is complex; ② The nozzle air blowing pipes are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the conductive rod, which is only suitable for protecting the rotating arc or the shaking arc driven by the small-angle bent conductive rod; ③ The inner and outer air blowing pipes are both straight pipes, and the airflow on both sides blown downward cannot directly cool the conductive nozzle. Instead, after the arc and the molten pool area intersect, a high-temperature airflow will be generated upward, directly baking the conductive nozzle, thereby affecting the service life of the conductive nozzle.

[0006] The Chinese patent application number is 202211060209.8, and the name is "Shaking Arc Rapid Gas-Electrode Vertical Welding Method, Welding Torch and Application", which discloses a welding torch with a conductive rod bent at a large angle. During welding, the conductive rod mechanism drives the welding arc to swing back and forth along the thickness direction of the workpiece and left and right along the width direction of the groove. At the same time, the shielding gas is delivered into the groove from the welding shielding gas inlet hole in the water-cooled copper slider, and the front water-cooled copper slider and the rear ceramic liner are used to force the weld to form, thereby realizing single-pass one-time forming gas-electric vertical welding in which the arc can be shaken rapidly. However, its disadvantages are: ① The welding shielding gas inlet hole is set in the water-cooled copper slider, which does not form an integrated structure with the welding torch and cannot be extended into the welding groove along with the welding torch conductive rod. At this time, the water-cooled copper slider is equivalent to playing the role of a separate external nozzle, so it is only suitable for gas-electric vertical welding; ② Because there is no welding shielding gas nozzle integrated with the welding torch, as the welding torch conductive rod swings back and forth periodically in the direction of the workpiece plate thickness, the welding shielding gas inlet hole and the conductive rod mechanism cannot maintain a fixed position relationship and alignment relationship, so that the welding shielding gas cannot directly cool the conductive nozzle, thereby affecting the service life of the conductive nozzle; ③ Due to the joint restraint of the front water-cooled copper slider and the rear ceramic liner between the front and rear sides of the weld, the high-temperature airflow formed by the welding shielding gas after heating in the high-temperature welding zone is difficult to be discharged along the direction of the workpiece plate thickness, but is mainly discharged upward and outward along the welding direction. This upward high-temperature airflow will form a strong high-temperature impact on the conductive nozzle, thereby further reducing the service life of the conductive nozzle.

[0007] In summary, in the existing gas shielded arc welding technology, the sleeve nozzle has a good cooling effect on the conductive nozzle, but requires a larger welding working space and has a limited scope of application; the double side nozzle is suitable for narrow gap welding, but fails to form a direct cooling effect on the conductive nozzle; the separated external nozzle is suitable for single-pass one-time forming gas-electric vertical welding, and cannot directly cool the conductive nozzle. In addition, the existing double side nozzle and separated external nozzle technologies will also lead to the formation of an upward high-temperature airflow in the high-temperature welding area, which directly impacts the conductive nozzle and accelerates the ablation of the conductive nozzle, thereby significantly affecting the service life of the conductive nozzle. Summary of the invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to address the prominent problems in the prior art that the welding torch nozzle has a complex structure and is not very practical, and that the double-side nozzles and separate external nozzles cannot directly cool the conductive nozzle. A welding torch and a wide-band shaking arc welding method and a welding torch with gas protection of a single side nozzle having a simple welding torch nozzle structure, good conductive nozzle (or tungsten electrode) cooling effect, and strong practicality are proposed. The method and the application are suitable for single-layer or multi-layer welding of a consumable electrode or non-consumable electrode arc. While improving the welding quality and the adaptability of the welding process, the nozzle structure is simplified and the service life of the welding torch conductive nozzle (or tungsten electrode) is increased.

[0009] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the broadband shaking arc welding method of the present invention is implemented by adopting the following technical scheme: comprising the following steps:

[0010] Step ①: a large curved conductive rod mechanism with a bending angle β is provided, comprising an upper vertical section and a lower curved section, wherein the upper vertical section is provided along the center line of the welding torch, and a forward angle γ is provided between the center line of the welding torch and the center line of the weld; after the electrode is obliquely extended forward from the lower curved section of the large curved conductive rod mechanism, an electrode backward inclination angle θ is provided between the electrode and the center line of the weld, wherein 60°≤γ≤90°, 20°≤β≤60°, and 30°≤θ≤85°;

[0011] Step ②: fix the single side nozzle of the curved nozzle or the straight nozzle on the bending side of the large curved conductive rod mechanism, so that the vertical section center line of the curved nozzle or the front-to-back position center line of the straight nozzle is parallel to the upper vertical section center line of the large curved conductive rod mechanism in the same vertical plane, the inner bending angle α1 of the curved nozzle is 0.1-30° and adjustable, the straight nozzle is tilted forward as a whole, and its forward tilt angle α2 is 0-30° and adjustable; align the inner side of the lower port of the nozzle with the lower part of the large curved conductive rod mechanism, and the outer side with the welding arc area; both the curved nozzle and the straight nozzle are provided with a single gas path or a double gas path, and the double gas path includes an inner cooling gas path and an outer protective gas path;

[0012] Step ③: The large curved conductive rod mechanism drives the arc at the end of the electrode to swing in a circular arc shape around the center line of the welding torch and symmetrically about the center line of the weld. The arc shaking frequency is 1.0-35 Hz wide-band and adjustable, and the arc shaking angle is 1-20° and adjustable. At the same time, the welding torch and the arc move at the welding speed, and under the gas protection of a single-side nozzle, a wide-band adjustable shaking arc is realized to achieve single-layer or multi-layer weld gas shielded welding with narrow gap or non-narrow gap.

[0013] Furthermore, the inner airflow of the single gas path or the inner cooling gas path airflow of the double gas path forms cooling gas for cooling the lower part of the large curved conductive rod mechanism, and the outer airflow of the single gas path or the outer protective gas path airflow of the double gas path forms protective gas for protecting the high temperature zone of welding.

[0014] Furthermore, during non-narrow gap welding, the curved nozzle or the straight cylindrical nozzle is placed outside and above the welding groove, and the nozzle is a circular tubular body or a waist-shaped tubular body; or, during narrow gap welding, the curved nozzle or the straight cylindrical nozzle extends into the narrow gap welding groove, and the nozzle is a flat tubular body or a round upper and flat lower tubular body used for welding gas protection of the deep filling weld in the groove, or the curved nozzle or the straight cylindrical nozzle is placed outside and above the narrow gap welding groove, and the nozzle is a circular tubular body or a waist-shaped tubular body used for welding gas protection of the shallow filling weld near the surface of the groove and the cover weld.

[0015] Furthermore, during narrow gap welding, the curved nozzle or the straight nozzle is a flat tubular body or a round upper and flat lower tubular body that can extend into the narrow gap welding groove, and once the lower end of the nozzle begins to expose the upper surface of the narrow gap welding groove, a process plate is placed on the upper surface of the left wall and the right wall of the narrow gap welding groove before welding, so that the two process plates form a gas storage groove, and the depth of the gas storage groove is not less than the sum of the height of the curved nozzle or the straight nozzle and the height difference between the inner and outer sides of the lower end of the nozzle, so that the nozzle is used until the narrow gap welding groove is full, thereby realizing the narrow gap full groove depth use of the nozzle.

[0016] Further, when β=20°, γ=90° and θ=70°; or, by adjusting γ within the range of 90° to 75°, θ is adjustable to 70° to 85°, and the faster the arc shaking frequency during consumable electrode welding, the smaller γ and the larger θ;

[0017] When β=30°, γ=90° and θ=60°; or, by adjusting γ in the range of 90° to 65°, θ is adjustable to 60° to 85°, and the faster the arc shaking frequency during consumable electrode welding, the smaller γ and the larger θ;

[0018] When β=45°, γ=90° and θ=45°; or, by adjusting γ in the range of 90° to 60°, θ is adjustable to 45° to 75°, and the faster the arc shaking frequency during consumable electrode welding, the smaller γ and the larger θ;

[0019] When β=60°, make γ=90° and θ=30°; or, by adjusting γ within the range of 90° to 60°, make θ adjustable from 30° to 60°, and the faster the arc shaking frequency during consumable electrode welding, the smaller γ and the larger θ.

[0020] Furthermore, when the arc shaking frequency f≥20 Hz, the faster the arc shaking frequency is, the smaller γ is and the larger θ is.

[0021] The welding torch for realizing the wide-band adjustable shaking arc welding method of the present invention is realized by the following technical scheme: comprising an arc shaking mechanism, a large curved conductive rod mechanism, a nozzle mechanism and a welding torch connecting mechanism, wherein the nozzle mechanism comprises a single side nozzle or also comprises an air chamber, the single side nozzle is a curved nozzle or a straight nozzle with a lower curved portion, the large curved conductive rod mechanism comprises an upper vertical section and a lower curved section, the upper vertical section is arranged along the center line of the welding torch, and a forward angle γ is formed between the center line of the welding torch and the center line of the weld, the lower curved section is bent forward, and the bending angle is β, and after the electrode is obliquely extended from the lower curved section of the large curved conductive rod mechanism, the electrode backward tilt angle between the electrode and the center line of the weld is θ;

[0022] The curved nozzle and the straight nozzle are both provided with a single gas path or a double gas path, and the double gas path includes an inner cooling gas path and an outer protective gas path; or also include, an oblique cut is provided on the inner side of the lower port of the nozzle, and the oblique cut is parallel to the lower curved section of the large curved conductive rod mechanism and aligned with the lower part of the large curved conductive rod mechanism. In the case of double gas paths, the oblique cut is arranged at the lower port of the inner cooling gas path.

[0023] Furthermore, the welding torch connecting mechanism includes a vertical plate or also includes a bottom plate, and the bottom plate is fixedly connected to the lower part of the vertical plate, or directly integrated with the bottom of the vertical plate. The upper end of the large curved conductive rod mechanism can movably pass through the bottom plate, and is fixedly connected to the arc movement extension shaft at the lower end of the arc shaking mechanism through a connecting piece. When a straight cylindrical nozzle is used, a wedge-shaped plug block is arranged on the vertical plate or the bottom plate, and the wedge angle of the wedge-shaped plug block is the nozzle forward inclination angle.

[0024] Further, the large-bend conductive rod mechanism includes a first large-bend conductive rod and a straight conductive nozzle, and the bending angle of the first large-bend conductive rod is β; or the large-bend conductive rod mechanism includes a first straight conductive rod and a large-bend conductive nozzle, and the bending angle of the large-bend conductive nozzle is β; or the large-bend conductive rod mechanism includes a second large-bend conductive rod and a first locking nut, and the bending angle of the second large-bend conductive rod is β, and its lower end is fixedly connected to the first locking nut, and the electrode is a straight tungsten needle; or the large-bend conductive rod mechanism includes a second straight conductive rod, and the electrode is a large-bend tungsten needle with a bending angle of β.

[0025] The application of the broadband adjustable shaking arc welding method of the present invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme: when used for non-melting electrode gas shielded welding, the electrode is a straight tungsten needle or a large curved tungsten needle, which drives the arc to shake in a left and right circular arc shape; or when used for melting electrode gas shielded welding, the electrode is a welding wire, which drives the arc to shake in a left and right circular arc shape; when the electrode is a welding wire, the welding wire is fed out by a wire feeder, and after the welding wire passes through the center hole of the large curved conductive rod mechanism, it extends obliquely from the center hole of the lower conductive nozzle, and the arc is generated at the lower end of the welding wire; when the electrode is a straight tungsten needle or a large curved tungsten needle, the tungsten needle is installed at the lower end of the large curved conductive rod mechanism, and the arc is generated at the lower end of the tungsten needle.

[0026] Compared with the existing similar technologies, the main advantages and beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0027] 1) The welding torch of the present invention is a welding torch that integrates a large curved conductive rod mechanism and a single side nozzle for use. The nozzle can be extended into the welding groove, and can realize wide-band adjustable shaking arc welding under single-layer or double-layer gas protection. Among them, the large curved conductive rod mechanism with a backward tilted curved section makes it possible to use welding gas protection with a single side nozzle, and can realize wide-band adjustable shaking arc welding with a wide adjustable range of arc shaking frequency. When a single side nozzle is used, by bending the nozzle inward or tilting it forward as a whole, the gas inside the nozzle is directed to the conductive nozzle or tungsten needle to form cooling gas for directly cooling the conductive nozzle or tungsten needle, and at the same time, the gas outside the nozzle is directed to the welding arc area to form a protective gas for protecting the high-temperature welding area; and the guiding effect formed by the backward-tilted conductive nozzle and the electrode can also make part of the cooling gas form a forward guiding gas, and adjust the flow direction of welding smoke to obtain a bright weld surface. Therefore, the present invention simplifies the nozzle structure and increases the service life of the conductive nozzle or tungsten needle while improving the welding quality.

[0028] However, in the invention patent of the Chinese patent application No. 200610038184.6, entitled "A Rotating Arc Narrow Gap Welding Gas Shielding Device", a double-side single-layer nozzle is used. The nozzle tubes are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the straight conductive rod mechanism and are aimed at the welding arc area. They cannot directly cool the conductive nozzle. On the contrary, the airflows of the nozzle tubes on both sides will form an upward high-temperature airflow after the airflows meet in the arc area, directly impacting the conductive nozzle, which will significantly reduce the service life of the conductive nozzle. Compared with the double-side single-layer nozzle, the present invention adopts a single-side nozzle with a single or double air path inside, and is used in conjunction with a large curved conductive rod mechanism. The cooling airflow formed can directly cool the conductive nozzle, so that the present invention can simplify the nozzle structure and increase the service life of the conductive nozzle.

[0029] In the invention patent with Chinese patent application number 202011546613.7 and name “A Narrow Gap Welding Gun”, double-sided inner and outer air blowing pipes are used. The air blowing pipes are flat straight pipe structures that are vertical up and down, and are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the conductive rod and parallel to the conductive rod; the end cutout of the inner air blowing pipe faces inward only to widely protect the arc and molten pool area, and the end cutout of the outer air blowing pipe faces outward only to prevent the outside air from being drawn in and protect the surface of the welded high-temperature weld. Compared with the double-layer flat nozzle of the inner and outer vertical air blowing pipes, the nozzle in the present invention is a single-sided nozzle, which is not necessarily a flat structure, nor is it necessarily parallel to the conductive rod. The lower section of the nozzle can bend inward or the whole can be tilted forward, and the objects aimed at the inward-bending or forward-tilted nozzles are different, and the working principles are different. Therefore, not only the nozzle structures are different, but also the functions and process effects are different.

[0030] In the invention patent with Chinese patent application number 202211060209.8 and name “Shaking Arc Rapid Gas-Electrode Vertical Welding Method, Welding Torch and Application”, a large-angle bent conductive rod welding torch is used in conjunction with a water-cooled copper slider to achieve single-pass one-time forming gas-electric vertical welding with rapid shaking of the arc. During the welding process, the bent section of the large-angle bent conductive rod is always tilted forward or in a changed posture state. In particular, the welding torch is not provided with an integrated welding shielding gas nozzle, but a welding shielding gas inlet hole is provided in the water-cooled copper slider used for forced forming of the weld surface, and because the conductive rod mechanism needs to swing back and forth in the gas-electric vertical welding groove, the front-to-back distance between the shielding gas inlet hole and the conductive rod mechanism is always changing, so there is no fixed positional relationship and alignment relationship between the two, and accordingly, the welding shielding gas cannot directly cool the conductive nozzle; on the contrary, because there is a joint restraining effect of the front water-cooled copper slider and the rear ceramic liner between the front and rear sides of the gas-electric vertical welding weld, the welding shielding gas fed from the shielding gas inlet hole will form an upward high-temperature airflow after being heated in the high-temperature welding zone, which directly bakes the conductive nozzle, thereby reducing the service life of the conductive nozzle. In addition, the welding shielding gas feeding method is unique to the gas-electric vertical welding method and is not suitable for other welding applications.

[0031] Compared with the gas-electric vertical welding torch which is not provided with an integrated welding shielding gas nozzle, the nozzle cannot be extended into the welding groove, and the conductive rod bending section is generally tilted forward, the welding torch in the present invention is provided with a single side nozzle which is integrated with the welding torch and can be extended into the narrow gap welding groove. The nozzle is fixed on the bending side of the large curved conductive rod mechanism and maintains a fixed position relationship and directional relationship with the conductive rod mechanism, which can directly cool the conductive nozzle at the bottom of the conductive rod mechanism, and can discharge the welding high-temperature airflow to the surroundings or to the front and rear of the welding to avoid the conductive nozzle from being impacted by the high-temperature airflow; in addition, the conductive rod mechanism bending section in the welding torch of the present invention is always in a backward tilted state. Therefore, the welding torch of the present invention has a different torch structure and working principle from that of the gas-electric vertical welding torch, and has correspondingly different functions and process effects.

[0032] 2) The present invention increases the arc shaking radius through the large curved conductive rod mechanism with a backward tilted curved section, so that the arc can be shaken in a smaller arc shape at the same shaking amplitude, and the arc can be shaken at a faster frequency accordingly; at the same time, the electrode is tilted backward, and a single-side nozzle can be used for welding gas protection accordingly. Therefore, by using a single-side nozzle with a large curved conductive rod mechanism, a wide-band adjustable shaking arc welding with a wide adjustable range of arc shaking frequency can be achieved under the gas protection of a single-side nozzle.

[0033] 3) Compared with the double-side nozzles for narrow gap welding in the prior art, the single-side nozzle of the present invention is not only simple in structure, but also reduces the distance between the nozzle and the conductive rod, which can correspondingly reduce the welding blind area, making the accessibility of the welding torch and the arc better; compared with the sleeve-type nozzle in the prior art where the conductive rod passes through the nozzle, the single-side nozzle of the present invention is arranged on one side of the conductive rod mechanism. At this time, because the conductive rod does not pass through the inner cavity of the nozzle, it is not necessary to maintain a gas-tight state between the nozzle and the conductive rod, thereby avoiding the problem of difficult dynamic gas sealing between the nozzle and the conductive rod in the sleeve-type nozzle, and improving the gas sealing of the nozzle during shaking arc welding. Therefore, the welding torch and welding method of the present invention are more practical.

[0034] 4) The single side nozzle of the present invention has a single gas path or a double gas path inside. The cooling gas is formed by the inner airflow of the single gas path nozzle or the inner cooling gas path airflow of the double gas path nozzle, which is used to directly cool the conductive nozzle or tungsten needle, effectively solving the outstanding problem that the double side nozzles in the prior art cannot cool the conductive nozzle, resulting in a significant reduction in the service life of the conductive nozzle; through the guiding effect of the backward conductive nozzle or tungsten needle, a forward guiding gas is formed, so that more welding smoke is directed to the front of welding, and a bright weld surface can be formed. Therefore, while improving the quality of weld formation, the service life of the conductive nozzle can be significantly improved.

[0035] 5) The present invention can adjust the welding shielding gas flow distribution on both sides of the arc by adjusting the inner bending angle or the overall forward tilt angle of the single side nozzle, or by adjusting the backward angle between the electrode and the center line of the weld (i.e., the electrode backward tilt angle), so as to improve the welding gas protection effect on the welded high-temperature weld, and can adjust the arc direction and the molten droplet transfer direction to improve the welding process stability when the arc is shaken at a high frequency. Thus, the welding quality and welding process stability are improved.

[0036] 6) The present invention can reduce the backward tilt of the welding wire during consumable electrode welding by tilting the welding torch forward, that is, reducing the forward angle between the center line of the welding torch and the center line of the weld, so as to make the molten droplet transition range more concentrated, thereby effectively suppressing welding spatter during rapid arc shaking.

[0037] 7) The present invention can realize integrated gas supply of shielding gas and cooling gas through a single side nozzle of a single gas path; and can realize independent gas supply of shielding gas and cooling gas through a single side nozzle of a dual gas path. In particular, when the dual gas paths are used for gas supply, the cooling gas and shielding gas sprayed from the nozzle have stronger directionality, thereby improving the cooling effect of the conductive nozzle or tungsten needle and making the welding gas protection effect better.

[0038] 8) The present invention adopts welding wire or tungsten needle as electrode and is equipped with corresponding conductive rod mechanism, so as to realize gas shielded welding of single-layer or multi-layer welds with melting electrode or non-melting electrode shaking arc; by using an insertable single-side nozzle that can be inserted into the narrow gap welding groove, it can realize gas shielded welding of each layer of single-pass multi-layer narrow gap with shaking arc, or by using an external single-side nozzle arranged outside the groove, it can realize gas shielded welding of single-layer or multi-layer welds with non-narrow gap with shaking arc; by adjusting the shaking frequency of arc in a wide range, it can adjust the weld formation and welding joint performance to meet the needs of different welding processes. Therefore, the broadband adjustable shaking arc welding method of the present invention has a wide range of application and strong process adaptability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the working state of the broadband adjustable shaking arc welding method of the present invention. Figure 1 1—arc shaking mechanism; 2—large curved conductive rod mechanism; 201—center line of welding torch; 202—center line of curved section of conductive rod mechanism; 3—gas chamber; 4a—curved nozzle; 401a—center line of vertical section of curved nozzle; 402a—center line of curved section of curved nozzle; 403a—first inner cooling gas path; 404a—first outer shielding gas path; 405a—first inner gas path dividing line; 5—arc; 6—electrode; 6a—welding wire; 7—arc shaking schematic line; 8—welding shielding gas; 801—cooling gas; 802—shielding gas; 9—center line of weld; 10—weld; 11—wire feeder; h—nozzle height; Δh—height difference between inner and outer sides of lower nozzle port; α1—inner bending angle of nozzle; β—bending angle; γ—forward angle between center line of welding torch and center line of weld; θ—backward tilt angle of electrode; V w —Welding speed.

[0040] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the cross section when a single side nozzle is extended into a narrow gap welding groove. Figure 2 In the figure, 12 is a narrow gap welding groove; 12a is a left wall; 12b is a right wall; 13 is a gas storage groove; 13a is a left process plate; 13b is a right process plate; h c —Deepness of gas storage groove.

[0041] Figure 3 The schematic diagram of the structure of a wide-band adjustable shaking arc welding torch using a straight nozzle is shown in the figure. Figure 3 In the figure, 4b is a straight-cylindrical nozzle; 401b is a center line of the front-to-back position of the straight-cylindrical nozzle; 402b is an axial center line of the straight-cylindrical nozzle; 403b is a second inner cooling gas path; 404b is a second outer protective gas path; 405b is a second inner gas path dividing line; 14a is a vertical plate; 14b is a bottom plate; 14c is a wedge-shaped plug; α2 is a forward tilt angle of the nozzle.

[0042] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a wide-band adjustable shaking arc welding torch using a curved nozzle.

[0043] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of embodiment 1 of the large-bend conductive rod mechanism. Figure 5 In the figure, 101 is an arc movement extension shaft at the lower end of the arc shaking mechanism; 201a is a first connecting nut; 201b is a first large curved conductive rod; 201c is a straight conductive nozzle.

[0044] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of embodiment 2 of the large-bend conductive rod mechanism. Figure 6 In the figure, 202a is the second connecting nut; 202b is the first straight conductive rod; 202c is the large curved conductive nozzle.

[0045] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of Example 3 of the large-bend conductive rod mechanism. Figure 7 Among them, 203a is the third connecting nut; 203b is the second large curved conductive rod; 203c is the first locking nut; 6b is the straight tungsten needle.

[0046] Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of Example 4 of the large-bend conductive rod mechanism. Figure 8 In the figure, 204a is the fourth connecting nut; 204b is the second straight conductive rod; 204c is the second locking nut; 6c is the large curved tungsten needle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments.

[0048] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the orientation of the welding torch of the present invention is defined as follows: along the welding speed V w In the forward direction, the position of the single-sided curved nozzle 4a or the straight cylindrical nozzle 4b is the “front”, and the position of the large curved conductive rod mechanism 2 is the “back”; the position of the left wall 12a on the cross section of the narrow gap welding groove 12 is the “left”, and the position of the opposite right wall 12b is the “right”; with the welding torch center line 201 as the reference line, the direction close to the welding torch center line 201 is the “inside”, and the direction away from the welding torch center line 201 is the “outside”.

[0049] like Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the wide-band adjustable shaking arc welding torch of the present invention comprises an arc shaking mechanism 1, a large curved conductive rod mechanism 2 and a nozzle mechanism. The arc shaking mechanism 1 is an arc shaking mechanism directly driven by a hollow shaft motor, or an arc shaking mechanism driven by an ordinary motor through a gear pair or a gear rack transmission pair; the nozzle mechanism comprises a single side nozzle, or further comprises an air chamber 3. The large curved conductive rod mechanism 2 comprises an upper vertical section and a lower curved section, the upper vertical section is arranged along the center line 201 of the welding torch, and there is a forward angle γ between the center line 201 of the welding torch and the center line 9 of the weld, 60°≤γ≤90°; the lower curved section is bent forward, and the bending angle is β, 20°≤β≤60°. The electrode 6 is a welding wire 6a or a tungsten needle. After the electrode 6 is obliquely extended from the lower curved section of the large curved conductive rod mechanism 2, the electrode backward inclination angle between the electrode 6 and the weld center line 9 is θ, 30°≤θ≤85°, and the larger β is, the smaller θ is, or the faster the arc shaking frequency f is during melting electrode welding, the smaller γ is and the larger θ is.

[0050] The nozzle mechanism is fixed on the bending side of the large curved conductive rod mechanism 2, and the single side nozzle is a curved nozzle 4a (see Figure 1 and Figure 4 ) or straight nozzle 4b (see Figure 3 ), the curved nozzle 4a or the straight nozzle 4b is provided with a single gas path or a double gas path inside, so that the vertical section center line 401a of the curved nozzle 4a or the front-back position center line 401b of the straight nozzle is in the same vertical plane and parallel to the upper vertical section center line of the large curved conductive rod mechanism 2 (i.e., the welding torch center line 201), and the inner side of the lower port of the curved nozzle 4a or the straight nozzle 4b is aligned with the lower part of the large curved conductive rod mechanism 2, and the outer side is aligned with the welding arc 5 area. The welding shielding gas 8 is discharged from the upper port of the single side nozzle (see Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 ) or the upper side port (not shown) and ejected from the lower port of the single side nozzle, the inner airflow forms cooling gas 801 for cooling the lower part of the large curved conductive rod mechanism 2, and the outer airflow forms shielding gas 802 for protecting the high temperature zone of welding. When a double air path is set, the first inner air path dividing line 405a can be set along the entire length of the curved nozzle 4a (see Figure 1 and Figure 4 ), or only on the curved section of the curved nozzle 4a (not shown), the second inner gas path dividing line 405b can be set along the entire length of the straight nozzle 4b (see Figure 3 ), or is only arranged on the lower section of the straight cylindrical nozzle 4b (not shown).

[0051] like Figure 3As shown, when the single side nozzle adopts a straight-cylindrical nozzle 4b, the welding torch includes an arc shaking mechanism 1, a large curved conductive rod mechanism 2, a nozzle mechanism and a welding torch connection mechanism. The nozzle mechanism includes a single side straight-cylindrical nozzle 4b, or also includes an air chamber 3 connected to the upper part of the nozzle. An air screen can be provided in the air chamber 3 to stabilize and rectify the inflowing airflow. The welding shielding gas 8 is discharged from the upper port of the straight-cylindrical nozzle 4b (see FIG. 1 ). Figure 3 ) or the upper side port (not shown), and flows in from the lower port (see Figure 3 ) flows out to form cooling gas 801 and shielding gas 802. The welding torch connection mechanism includes a vertical plate 14a or a bottom plate 14b, the bottom plate 14b is fixedly connected to the lower part of the vertical plate 14, or directly integrated with the bottom of the vertical plate 14a, and the bottom plate 14b can be a flat plate (see Figure 3 ) or a special-shaped plate (not shown), the arc shaking mechanism 1 and the nozzle mechanism can be respectively connected to the vertical plate 14a or the bottom plate 14b, so that the front end of the welding torch connecting mechanism (see Figure 3 ) or the front lower end (not shown) is fixedly connected to the nozzle mechanism, and the rear end is fixedly connected to the arc shaking mechanism 1, and the lower curved section of the large curved conductive rod mechanism 2 is bent toward the straight cylindrical nozzle 4b side.

[0052] The upper end of the large curved conductive rod mechanism 2 can be movably passed through the bottom plate 14b of the welding torch connection mechanism, and then fixedly connected to the arc motion extension shaft at the lower end of the arc shaking mechanism 1 through a connecting piece, and the electrode 6 is obliquely extended from the lower end of the large curved conductive rod mechanism 2. The straight cylindrical nozzle 4b is a circular tubular body or a waist-shaped tubular body, or a flat tubular body or a round upper and flat lower tubular body, and an oblique cut is provided on the inner side of its lower port, and the oblique cut is parallel to the lower curved section of the large curved conductive rod mechanism 2. A single gas path or a double gas path is provided in the straight cylindrical nozzle 4b, and the double gas path includes a second inner cooling gas path 403b and a second outer protective gas path 404b. Preferably, the oblique cut on the inner side of the lower port of the double gas path nozzle is provided at the lower port of the second inner cooling gas path 403b. The inner side of the lower port of the straight-cylindrical nozzle 4b is aligned with the lower part of the large curved conductive rod mechanism 2, which is used to cool the conductive nozzle or tungsten needle at the lower part of the large curved conductive rod mechanism 2. The outer side of the lower port of the straight-cylindrical nozzle 4b is aligned with the welding arc 5 area, which is used to protect the high-temperature welding area.

[0053] At this time, the center line 401b of the front-to-back position of the straight-cylindrical nozzle 4b and the center line of the upper vertical section of the large curved conductive rod mechanism 2 (i.e., the center line 201 of the welding torch) are parallel to each other in the same vertical plane, and the center line 401b of the front-to-back position of the straight-cylindrical nozzle 4b and the axial center line 402b of the straight-cylindrical nozzle 4b have a nozzle forward tilt angle α2, and α2 is adjustable from 0 to 30°. When α2=0°, the center line 401b of the front-to-back position of the straight-cylindrical nozzle 4b coincides with the axial center line 402b, and correspondingly, the axial center line 402b of the straight-cylindrical nozzle is parallel to the center line of the upper vertical section of the large curved conductive rod mechanism 2 (i.e., the center line 201 of the welding torch); when α2>0°, the straight-cylindrical nozzle 4b is in a forward tilt state as a whole. In order to facilitate setting the nozzle forward tilt angle α2, a wedge-shaped plug 14c can be provided on the vertical plate 14a or the bottom plate 14b of the welding torch connection mechanism, and the wedge angle of the wedge-shaped plug 14c is the nozzle forward tilt angle α2. Preferably, the straight-cylindrical nozzle 4b is a round tube or a waist-shaped tube, or a flat tube or a round-upper-lower-flat-tube, and can be made of a round tube or pressed from a round tube.

[0054] like Figure 4 As shown in FIG. 1 , a schematic diagram of the structure of a welding torch when a curved nozzle 4a is used. Figure 3 The difference between the straight-tube nozzle 4b welding torch shown in the figure is that the single-side nozzle adopts the curved nozzle 4a, and no wedge-shaped plug 14c is provided in the welding torch connection mechanism. Figure 3 The same as in the straight-cylindrical nozzle welding torch embodiment shown. When the single-side nozzle adopts a curved nozzle 4a, a single gas path or a double gas path is arranged in the curved nozzle 4a, and the double gas path includes a first inner cooling gas path 403a and a first outer protective gas path 404a, and the oblique cut inside the lower port of the double gas path nozzle is preferably arranged at the lower port of the first inner cooling gas path 403a. At this time, the curved nozzle 4a includes an upper vertical section and a lower curved section, and the center line 401a of the upper vertical section of the large curved conductive rod mechanism 2 (i.e., the center line 201 of the welding torch) is parallel to each other in the same vertical plane, and the lower curved section is bent backward toward the bending side of the large curved conductive rod mechanism 2, so that there is a nozzle inner bending angle α1 between the center line 401a of the vertical section and the center line 402a of the curved section. Preferably, the curved nozzle 4a is a round tube or a waist-shaped tube, or a flat tube or a round upper and flat lower tube, and can be made of a round tube or pressed from a round tube.

[0055] like Figure 1 to Figure 4As shown, the broadband adjustable shaking arc welding method with gas protection of a single side nozzle of the present invention comprises a welding torch and an arc motion controller, wherein the welding torch comprises an arc shaking mechanism 1, a large curved conductive rod mechanism 2 and a nozzle mechanism, the arc shaking mechanism 1 is an arc shaking mechanism directly driven by a hollow shaft motor, or an arc shaking mechanism driven by a common motor through a gear pair or a gear rack transmission pair, the nozzle mechanism comprises a single side nozzle, or further comprises an air chamber 3, and the method comprises the following steps:

[0056] ① Setting the conductive rod mechanism and electrode position: setting a large curved conductive rod mechanism 2 with a bending angle of β, including an upper vertical section and a lower curved section, so that the upper vertical section is arranged along the center line 201 of the welding torch, and a forward angle γ is formed between the center line 201 of the welding torch and the center line 9 of the weld; the electrode 6 is a welding wire 6a or a tungsten needle, and after the electrode 6 is obliquely extended forward from the lower curved section of the large curved conductive rod mechanism 2, an electrode backward inclination angle θ is formed between the electrode 6 and the center line 9 of the weld; wherein, 60°≤γ≤90°, 20°≤β≤60°, 30°≤θ≤85°, and the larger β is, the smaller θ is, or the faster the arc shaking frequency f is during melting electrode welding, the smaller γ is and the larger θ is.

[0057] ② Set up the nozzle mechanism: The nozzle mechanism is fixed on the bending side of the large curved conductive rod mechanism 2, that is, the front side, and the single-side nozzle is a curved nozzle 4a (see Figure 1 and Figure 4 ) or straight nozzle 4b (see Figure 3 ), the curved nozzle 4a and the straight nozzle 4b are both provided with a single gas path or a double gas path; the vertical section center line 401a of the curved nozzle 4a or the front-to-back position center line 401b of the straight nozzle 4b is parallel to the upper vertical section center line of the large curved conductive rod mechanism 2 (i.e., the welding torch center line 201) in the same vertical plane, and the inner side of the lower port of the single side nozzle is aligned with the lower part of the large curved conductive rod mechanism 2, and the outer side is aligned with the welding arc 5 area; the welding shielding gas 8 is discharged from the upper port of the single side nozzle (see Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 ) or the upper side port (not shown) and ejected from the lower port of the single side nozzle, the inner airflow of the single air path or the inner cooling air path airflow of the double air paths forms cooling gas 801, which can be used to cool the lower part of the large curved conductive rod mechanism 2, and the outer airflow of the single air path or the outer protective air path airflow of the double air paths forms protective gas 802, which is used to protect the high temperature zone of welding.

[0058] ③ Each weld seam welding method: The arc motion controller drives the large curved conductive rod mechanism 2 through the arc shaking mechanism 1, driving the arc 5 at the end of the electrode 6 to shake 7 in a circular arc shape symmetrically about the weld seam center line 9 around the welding torch center line 201, and the arc shaking frequency f is 1.0-35Hz wideband and adjustable, and the arc shaking angle is 1-20° and adjustable. At the same time, the welding torch together with the arc 5 is rotated at a welding speed V w Move, so that under the gas protection of a single-side nozzle, a wide-band adjustable shaking arc narrow gap or non-narrow gap single-layer or multi-layer weld gas shielded welding is achieved to form a weld 10.

[0059] Preferably, the inner bending angle α1 of the curved nozzle 4a is adjustable from 0.1 to 30° (see Figure 1 and Figure 4 ), or the straight-cylindrical nozzle 4b is tilted forward as a whole, and the nozzle tilt angle α2 is adjustable from 0 to 30° (see Figure 3 ). By adjusting the nozzle inner bending angle α1 or the nozzle forward tilt angle α2, the welding shielding gas flow distribution on both sides of the arc can be adjusted to improve the welding gas protection effect on the welded high-temperature weld 10; by adjusting α1 or α2, or by adjusting the backward angle θ between the electrode 6 and the weld center line 9 (i.e., the electrode backward tilt angle), the arc direction and the molten droplet transfer direction can be adjusted to improve the stability of the welding process when the arc is shaken at a high frequency. Among them, the electrode backward tilt angle θ can be adjusted by adjusting the bending angle β of the large-bend conductive rod mechanism 2, or adjusting the forward angle γ between the welding torch center line 201 and the weld center line 9.

[0060] Preferably, a double air path is provided in the curved nozzle 4a, and the double air path includes a first inner cooling air path 403a and a first outer protective air path 404a, the first inner cooling air path 403a sprays out cooling air 801 as an inner layer airflow, and the first outer protective air path 404a sprays out protective air 802 as an outer layer airflow, at this time, the inner airflow of the single side nozzle is the inner cooling air path airflow of the double air path curved nozzle 4a, and the outer airflow of the single side nozzle is the outer protective air path airflow of the double air path curved nozzle 4a; wherein, the first inner cooling air path 403a is respectively Figure 1 and Figure 4 The first outer protection gas path 404a is respectively Figure 1 and Figure 4 The portion between the first inner gas path dividing line (dashed line) 405a in the nozzle and the outer contour line of the nozzle is shown. Because there is a height difference Δh between the inner and outer sides of the nozzle lower port (see Figure 1), so when the dual gas supply, the cooling gas 801 and the shielding gas 802 ejected from the nozzle have stronger directionality, thereby improving the cooling effect of the conductive nozzle or tungsten needle at the bottom of the large curved conductive rod mechanism 2, and making the welding gas protection effect better. In addition, when the dual gas supply, the shielding gas and the cooling gas can be supplied independently, so that the flow of the shielding gas and the cooling gas can be adjusted respectively.

[0061] Optionally, a double air path is provided in the straight-cylindrical nozzle 4b, and the double air path includes a second inner cooling air path 403b and a second outer protective air path 404b, the second inner cooling air path 403b sprays out cooling air 801 as an inner layer airflow, and the second outer protective air path 404b sprays out protective air 802 as an outer layer airflow, at this time, the inner airflow of the single side nozzle is the inner cooling air path airflow of the double-air path straight-cylindrical nozzle 4b, and the outer airflow of the single side nozzle is the outer protective air path airflow of the double-air path straight-cylindrical nozzle 4b; wherein, the second inner cooling air path 403b is Figure 3 The second outer protection gas path 404b is between the second inner gas path separation line (dashed line) 405b and the inner contour line of the nozzle. Figure 3 The portion between the second inner gas path dividing line (dashed line) 405b in the nozzle shown and the outer contour line of the nozzle.

[0062] Preferably, in the above step ③: in case of non-narrow gap welding, the single-side nozzle is an external single-side nozzle arranged above the outside of the welding groove, which is a round tubular body or a waist-shaped tubular body. For narrow gap welding, when used for welding gas protection of deep filling welds in the narrow gap welding groove 12, the single-side nozzle adopts an extended single-side nozzle, and its curved nozzle 4a or straight nozzle 4b is a flat tubular body or a round upper and flat lower tubular body that can be inserted into the narrow gap welding groove 12; when used for welding gas protection of shallow filling welds and capping welds near the surface of the narrow gap welding groove 12, an external single-side nozzle with a round tubular body or a waist-shaped tubular body is adopted, and its curved nozzle 4a or straight nozzle 4b is externally arranged above the outside of the narrow gap welding groove 12.

[0063] Optionally, in the above step ③: when welding with a narrow gap, Figure 2 As shown, the single side nozzle 4 includes a curved nozzle 4a or a straight nozzle 4b, which is a flat tubular body or a round upper and flat lower tubular body that can extend into the narrow gap welding groove 12, and once the lower end of the nozzle begins to expose the upper surface of the narrow gap welding groove 12, before welding, a left process plate 13a and a right process plate 13b are placed on the upper surface of the left wall 12a and the right wall 12b of the narrow gap welding groove 12, so that the left process plate 13a and the right process plate 13b surround a gas storage groove 13, and the depth of the gas storage groove 13 is h c Not less than the nozzle height h (see Figure 1) and the height difference between the inside and outside of the nozzle lower port Δh (see Figure 1 ), that is, h c ≥(h+Δh), so that the nozzle is used until the narrow gap welding groove 12 is fully welded, thereby realizing the narrow gap full groove depth use of the nozzle.

[0064] The present invention increases the arc shaking radius by using a large curved conductive rod mechanism with a forward-inclined lower curved section, so that the arc can be shaken in a circular arc shape with a smaller angle under the same shaking amplitude, and the arc can be shaken at a faster frequency accordingly, so as to improve the weld structure and improve the performance of the welded joint; at the same time, the electrode is tilted backward, so that a single-side nozzle can be used for welding gas protection. Therefore, by using a single-side nozzle with a large curved conductive rod mechanism, a wide-band adjustable shaking arc welding with a wide adjustable range of arc shaking frequency can be achieved under the gas protection of a single-side nozzle.

[0065] The single side nozzle is not only simple in structure, but also reduces the distance between the nozzle and the conductive rod, which can reduce the welding blind area accordingly, making the accessibility of the welding torch and the arc better. In particular, the single side nozzle is arranged on the front side of the conductive rod mechanism. At this time, because the conductive rod does not pass through the inner cavity of the nozzle, it is not necessary to maintain a gas sealing state between the nozzle and the conductive rod, thereby avoiding the problem of difficult dynamic sealing of the gas between the nozzle and the conductive rod in the sleeve-type nozzle, and improving the gas sealing of the nozzle during shaking arc welding. In addition, the cooling gas is formed by the airflow inside the nozzle, which can directly cool the conductive nozzle or tungsten needle; the forward guiding gas is formed by the guiding effect of the backward conductive nozzle or tungsten needle, so that the welding smoke can be more directed to the front of the welding, and a bright weld surface can be formed. Therefore, the present invention has low implementation cost and strong practicality. While improving the quality of weld formation, it can significantly improve the service life of the conductive nozzle or tungsten needle.

[0066] Example of the positional matching relationship between the electrode 6 and the conductive rod mechanism: Figure 1 and Figure 3 , in step ① of the above-mentioned single-side nozzle gas shielded broadband adjustable shaking arc welding method:

[0067] When β=20°, make γ=90° and θ=70°; or, by adjusting γ within the range of 90°~75°, make θ adjustable to 70°~85°, and the faster the arc shaking frequency f during melting electrode welding, the smaller γ and the larger θ.

[0068] When β=30°, make γ=90° and θ=60°; or, by adjusting γ within the range of 90°~65°, make θ adjustable to 60°~85°, and the faster the arc shaking frequency f during melting electrode welding, the smaller γ and the larger θ.

[0069] When β=45°, make γ=90° and θ=45°; or, by adjusting γ in the range of 90°~60°, make θ adjustable to 45°~75°, and the faster the arc shaking frequency f during melting electrode welding, the smaller γ and the larger θ.

[0070] When β=60°, make γ=90° and θ=30°; or, by adjusting γ within the range of 90°~60°, make θ adjustable from 30° to 60°, and the faster the arc shaking frequency f during melting electrode welding, the smaller γ and the larger θ.

[0071] Preferably, β=30° or 45°; in the above embodiment, when the arc shaking frequency f≥20 Hz, the faster the arc shaking frequency f, the smaller γ and the larger θ.

[0072] During consumable electrode welding, as the arc shaking frequency f increases, the centrifugal force of the molten droplet of the welding wire increases, especially when the arc shaking frequency f≥20Hz, the centrifugal force of the molten droplet increases significantly. At this time, when the bending angle β of the conductive rod is constant, by tilting the welding torch forward, that is, reducing the forward angle γ between the center line of the welding torch and the center line of the weld, the electrode backward tilt angle θ can be increased, the degree of backward tilt of the welding wire can be reduced, and the molten droplet transition range can be more concentrated, thereby effectively suppressing welding spatter during high-frequency shaking of the arc.

[0073] Application example of broadband adjustable shaking arc welding method and welding torch: when used for non-melting electrode gas shielded welding, the electrode 6 is a straight tungsten needle 6b or a large curved tungsten needle 6c, and the tungsten needle drives the arc 5 to shake in a left and right circular arc 7; or, when used for melting electrode gas shielded welding, the electrode 6 is a welding wire 6a, and the welding wire 6a drives the arc 5 to shake in a left and right circular arc 7. Wherein, when the electrode 6 is the welding wire 6a, the device used in the broadband shaking arc welding method also includes a wire feeder 11, and the welding wire 6a fed by the wire feeder 11 passes through the central hole of the large curved conductive rod mechanism 2, and then extends obliquely from the conductive nozzle central hole at the lower part of the large curved conductive rod mechanism 2, and the arc 5 is generated at the lower end of the welding wire 6a; when the electrode 6 is a straight tungsten needle 6b or a large curved tungsten needle 6c, the tungsten needle is installed at the lower end of the large curved conductive rod mechanism 2, and the arc 5 is generated at the lower end of the tungsten needle.

[0074] Four embodiments of the large-bend conductive rod mechanism 2 are provided below:

[0075] Example 1

[0076] like Figure 5As shown, the large-bend conductive rod mechanism 2 includes a first large-bend conductive rod 201b and a straight conductive nozzle 201c. At this time, the bending angle of the first large-bend conductive rod 201b is β; the upper end of the first large-bend conductive rod 201b is fixedly connected to the arc motion extension shaft 101 at the lower end of the arc shaking mechanism 1 through the first connecting nut 201a, and the lower end is fixedly connected to the straight conductive nozzle 201c; the welding wire 6a is fed out from the wire feeder 11, passes through the center hole of the first large-bend conductive rod 201b, and then extends obliquely from the center hole of the straight conductive nozzle 201c.

[0077] Example 2

[0078] like Figure 6 As shown, the large curved conductive rod mechanism 2 includes a first straight conductive rod 202b and a large curved conductive nozzle 202c. At this time, the bending angle of the large curved conductive nozzle 202c is β; the upper end of the first straight conductive rod 202b is fixedly connected to the arc motion extension shaft 101 at the lower end of the arc shaking mechanism 1 through the second connecting nut 202a, and the lower end is fixedly connected to the large curved conductive nozzle 202c; the welding wire 6a is fed out from the wire feeder 11, passes through the center hole of the first straight conductive rod 202b, and then extends obliquely from the center hole of the large curved conductive nozzle 202c.

[0079] Example 3

[0080] like Figure 7 As shown, the large curved conductive rod mechanism 2 includes a second large curved conductive rod 203b and a first locking nut 203c. At this time, the bending angle of the second large curved conductive rod 203b is β, and its upper end is fixedly connected to the arc motion extension shaft 101 at the lower end of the arc shaking mechanism 1 through the third connecting nut 203a, and its lower end is fixedly connected to the first locking nut 203c; the electrode 6 is a straight tungsten needle 6b, and its tungsten needle is fixedly connected to the first locking nut 203c in a detachable manner.

[0081] Example 4

[0082] like Figure 8 As shown, the large curved conductive rod mechanism 2 includes a second straight conductive rod 204b, a second locking nut 204c, and a large curved tungsten needle 6c. At this time, the electrode 6 is a large curved tungsten needle 6c with a bending angle of β, and its upper end is fixedly connected to the second locking nut 204c in a detachable manner; the upper end of the second straight conductive rod 204b is fixedly connected to the arc motion extension shaft 101 at the lower end of the arc shaking mechanism 1 through the fourth connecting nut 204a, and the lower end is fixedly connected to the second locking nut 204c.

[0083] The present invention adopts welding wire or tungsten needle as electrode and is equipped with corresponding conductive rod mechanism, so as to realize gas shielded welding of single-layer or multi-layer welds with melting electrode or non-melting electrode shaking arc; by using an insertable single-side nozzle that can be inserted into the narrow gap welding groove, it can realize gas shielded welding of each layer of single-pass multi-layer narrow gap of shaking arc, or by using an external single-side nozzle arranged outside the groove, it can realize gas shielded welding of non-narrow gap single-layer or multi-layer welds with shaking arc; by adjusting the shaking frequency of arc in a wide range, it can adjust the weld formation and welding joint performance to meet different welding process requirements. Therefore, the broadband adjustable shaking arc welding method of the present invention has a wide application range and strong process adaptability.

[0084] In addition, there are many specific implementation methods and approaches of the present invention, and the above is only a preferred implementation of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several equivalents, improvements and modifications can be made, and these equivalents, improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention. All components not specified in the embodiments of the present invention can be implemented by existing technologies.

Claims

1. A broadband adjustable shaking arc welding method, characterized in that The following steps are involved: Step ①: a large curved conductive rod mechanism (2) having a bending angle β is provided, comprising an upper vertical section and a lower curved section, wherein the upper vertical section is provided along the center line (201) of the welding torch, and a forward angle γ is provided between the center line (201) of the welding torch and the center line (9) of the welding seam; after the electrode is obliquely extended forward from the lower curved section of the large curved conductive rod mechanism (2), an electrode backward tilt angle θ is provided between the electrode and the center line (9) of the welding seam, wherein 60°≤γ≤90°, 20°≤β≤60°, and 30°≤θ≤85°; Step ②: fix the single side nozzle of the curved nozzle (4a) or the straight nozzle (4b) on the bending side of the large curved conductive rod mechanism (2), so that the vertical section center line (401a) of the curved nozzle (4a) or the front-to-back position center line (401b) of the straight nozzle (4b) and the upper vertical section center line of the large curved conductive rod mechanism (2) are parallel to each other in the same vertical plane, the inner bending angle α1 of the curved nozzle (4a) is 0.1 to 30 degrees and is adjustable, and the straight nozzle (4b) is tilted forward as a whole, and its tilting angle α2 is 0 to 30 degrees and is adjustable; the inner side of the lower port of the nozzle is aligned with the lower part of the large curved conductive rod mechanism (2), and the outer side is aligned with the welding arc area; the curved nozzle (4a) and the straight nozzle (4b) are both provided with a single gas path or a double gas path, and the double gas path includes an inner cooling gas path and an outer protective gas path; Step ③: The large curved conductive rod mechanism (2) drives the arc at the end of the electrode to swing around the center line of the welding torch (201) in a circular arc shape that is symmetrical to the left and right about the center line of the weld (9). The arc swing frequency is 1.0 to 35 Hz and is wide-band and adjustable. The arc swing angle is 1 to 20 degrees and is adjustable. At the same time, the welding torch and the arc move at the welding speed. Under the protection of a single-side nozzle gas, a wide-band adjustable swing arc is realized to achieve single-layer or multi-layer weld gas shielded welding with narrow gap or non-narrow gap.

2. The broadband adjustable shaking arc welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner airflow of the single air path or the inner cooling air path airflow of the double air paths forms cooling air (801) for cooling the lower part of the large curved conductive rod mechanism (2), and the outer airflow of the single air path or the outer protective air path airflow of the double air paths forms protective air (802) for protecting the welding high temperature zone.

3. The broadband adjustable shaking arc welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: During non-narrow gap welding, the curved nozzle (4a) or the straight-cylindrical nozzle (4b) is externally arranged above the outside of the welding groove, and the nozzle is a circular tubular body or a waist-shaped tubular body; or, during narrow gap welding, the curved nozzle (4a) or the straight-cylindrical nozzle (4b) extends into the narrow gap welding groove (12), and the nozzle is a flat tubular body or a round-upper-flat-lower-tubular body used for welding gas protection of the deep filling weld in the groove, or the curved nozzle (4a) or the straight-cylindrical nozzle (4b) is externally arranged above the outside of the narrow gap welding groove (12), and the nozzle is a circular tubular body or a waist-shaped tubular body used for welding gas protection of the shallow filling weld near the surface of the groove and the cover weld.

4. The broadband adjustable shaking arc welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: During narrow gap welding, the curved nozzle (4a) or the straight-cylindrical nozzle (4b) is a flat tubular body or a tubular body with a round upper part and a flat lower part that can extend into the narrow gap welding groove (12), and once the lower end of the nozzle begins to protrude from the upper surface of the narrow gap welding groove (12), before welding, a process plate is placed on the upper surface of the left wall (12a) and the right wall (12b) of the narrow gap welding groove (12), respectively, so that the two process plates surround a gas storage groove (13), and the depth of the gas storage groove (13) is not less than the sum of the height of the curved nozzle (4a) or the straight-cylindrical nozzle (4b) and the height difference between the inner and outer sides of the lower end of the nozzle, so that the nozzle is used until the narrow gap welding groove is fully welded, thereby realizing the use of the narrow gap full groove depth of the nozzle.

5. The broadband adjustable shaking arc welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: When β=20°, γ=90° and θ=70°; or, by adjusting γ in the range of 90° to 75°, θ is adjustable to 70° to 85°, and the faster the arc shaking frequency during consumable electrode welding, the smaller γ and the larger θ; When β=30°, γ=90° and θ=60°; or, by adjusting γ in the range of 90° to 65°, θ is adjustable to 60° to 85°, and the faster the arc shaking frequency during consumable electrode welding, the smaller γ and the larger θ; When β=45°, γ=90° and θ=45°; or, by adjusting γ in the range of 90° to 60°, θ is adjustable to 45° to 75°, and the faster the arc shaking frequency during consumable electrode welding, the smaller γ and the larger θ; When β=60°, make γ=90° and θ=30°; or, by adjusting γ within the range of 90° to 60°, make θ adjustable from 30° to 60°, and the faster the arc shaking frequency during consumable electrode welding, the smaller γ and the larger θ.

6. The broadband adjustable shaking arc welding method according to claim 5, characterized in that: When the arc shaking frequency f≥20Hz, the faster the arc shaking frequency is, the smaller γ is and the larger θ is.

7. A welding torch for implementing the wide-band adjustable shaking arc welding method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The invention comprises an arc shaking mechanism (1), a large curved conductive rod mechanism (2), a nozzle mechanism and a welding torch connecting mechanism, wherein the nozzle mechanism comprises a single side nozzle or also comprises an air chamber, wherein the single side nozzle is a curved nozzle (4a) or a straight cylindrical nozzle (4b) with a curved bottom, wherein the large curved conductive rod mechanism (2) comprises an upper vertical section and a lower curved section, wherein the upper vertical section is arranged along the welding torch center line (201), and a forward angle γ is formed between the welding torch center line (201) and the weld center line (9), wherein the lower curved section is bent forward at a bending angle of β, and after the electrode is obliquely extended from the lower curved section of the large curved conductive rod mechanism (2), the electrode backward tilt angle between the electrode and the weld center line (9) is θ; The curved nozzle (4a) and the straight nozzle (4b) are both provided with a single gas path or a double gas path, wherein the double gas path includes an inner cooling gas path and an outer protective gas path; or further including: an oblique cutout is provided on the inner side of the lower port of the nozzle, the oblique cutout is parallel to the lower curved section of the large curved conductive rod mechanism (2) and is aligned with the lower part of the large curved conductive rod mechanism (2); in the case of the double gas path, the oblique cutout is provided at the lower port of the inner cooling gas path.

8. The welding torch according to claim 7, characterized in that: The welding torch connection mechanism includes a vertical plate (14a) or also includes a bottom plate (14b), the bottom plate (14b) is fixedly connected to the lower part of the vertical plate (14a), or is directly integrated with the bottom of the vertical plate (14a), the upper end of the large curved conductive rod mechanism (2) can movably pass through the bottom plate (14b), and is fixedly connected to the arc movement extension shaft of the lower end of the arc shaking mechanism (1) through a connecting piece, and when a straight cylindrical nozzle (4b) is used, a wedge-shaped plug block (14c) is arranged on the vertical plate (14a) or the bottom plate (14b), and the wedge angle of the wedge-shaped plug block (14c) is the nozzle forward tilt angle.

9. The welding torch according to claim 8, characterized in that: The large-bend conductive rod mechanism (2) comprises a first large-bend conductive rod (201b) and a straight conductive nozzle (201c), and the bending angle of the first large-bend conductive rod (201b) is β; or the large-bend conductive rod mechanism (2) comprises a first straight conductive rod (202b) and a large-bend conductive nozzle (202c), and the bending angle of the large-bend conductive nozzle (202c) is β; or the large-bend conductive rod mechanism (2) comprises a second large-bend conductive rod (203b) and a first locking nut (203c), and the bending angle of the second large-bend conductive rod (203b) is β, and the lower end of the second large-bend conductive rod (203b) is fixedly connected to the first locking nut (203c), and the electrode is a straight tungsten needle; or the large-bend conductive rod mechanism (2) comprises a second straight conductive rod (204b), and the electrode is a large-bend tungsten needle with a bending angle of β.

10. An application of the wide-band adjustable shaking arc welding method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The invention is used for non-metallic electrode gas shielded welding, the electrode is a straight tungsten needle or a large curved tungsten needle, driving the arc to swing in a circular arc shape to the left and right; or used for metallic electrode gas shielded welding, the electrode is a welding wire, driving the arc to swing in a circular arc shape to the left and right; when the electrode is a welding wire, the welding wire is fed out by a wire feeder, passes through the center hole of the large curved conductive rod mechanism (2), and then extends obliquely from the center hole of the conductive nozzle at the bottom, and the arc is generated at the lower end of the welding wire; when the electrode is a straight tungsten needle or a large curved tungsten needle, the tungsten needle is installed at the lower end of the large curved conductive rod mechanism (2), and the arc is generated at the lower end of the tungsten needle.

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