Concrete mold easy to demold and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an easy-to-demould concrete mould and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the field of moulds, the easy-to-demould concrete mould comprises a mould body and a demoulding layer used for separating the mould body from concrete, and the demoulding layer is composed of at least three of titanium nitride, chromium nitride, tungsten nitride, titanium carbide, titanium carbonitride, chromium carbide and tungsten carbide. The concrete mold is manufactured through the mold body and the demolding layer formed by the multiple high-hardness materials, on one hand, the organizational structure of the metal carbon and / or nitride demolding layer material is greatly different from the organizational structure of concrete, adhesion between the concrete mold and a concrete workpiece is avoided as much as possible, and the demolding difficulty is reduced; and the concrete workpiece is difficult to damage the high-hardness demolding layer, so that the service life of the concrete mold is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of concrete molds, and in particular to an easy-to-release concrete mold and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Concrete molds are commonly used in the construction industry to quickly form a variety of concrete workpieces.

[0003] At present, in order to facilitate the demoulding of the formed concrete workpiece and extend the life of the concrete mold, when using the concrete mold to form the concrete workpiece, it is usually necessary to use a release agent or apply an organic coating on the surface of the concrete mold. When using a release agent, the mold must be painted before each use. Although this reduces the adhesion between the concrete workpiece and the concrete mold, it is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and the release agent will remain on the surface of the concrete workpiece, thereby negatively affecting the subsequent decoration process of the concrete workpiece; and when applying an organic coating on the surface of the concrete mold, due to the high hardness of the formed concrete workpiece, the organic coating is not hard enough and is easily scratched by the concrete workpiece, resulting in a limited life of the concrete mold. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies of the above-mentioned related technologies, the present application provides an easy-to-release concrete mold and a preparation method thereof. The present application makes a concrete mold by using a mold body and a release layer formed of a variety of high-hardness materials. On the one hand, the organizational structure of the release layer material of metal carbon and / or nitride is greatly different from that of concrete, which avoids adhesion between the concrete mold and the concrete workpiece as much as possible, reducing the difficulty of demolding. On the other hand, it is difficult for the concrete workpiece to damage the high-hardness release layer, which prolongs the service life of the concrete mold.

[0005] In the first aspect, the present application provides an easy-to-release concrete mold using the following technical solution: An easy-to-release concrete mold comprises a mold body and a demoulding layer for separating the mold body from concrete, wherein the demoulding layer is composed of at least three of titanium nitride, chromium nitride, tungsten nitride, titanium carbide, titanium carbonitride, chromium carbide and tungsten carbide.

[0006] Preferably, the release layer is composed of carbide and / or nitride and / or carbonitride of titanium, carbide and / or nitride of chromium, and carbide and / or nitride of tungsten.

[0007] Preferably, the demoulding layer is obtained by vacuum sputtering on the surface of the mold body using titanium-chromium-tungsten alloy as a target material, argon as a working gas, and a reaction gas providing a carbon source and / or a nitrogen source.

[0008] Preferably, the titanium-chromium-tungsten alloy comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-80 parts of titanium, 5-80 parts of chromium and 1-15 parts of tungsten.

[0009] Preferably, the titanium-chromium-tungsten alloy comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-30 parts of titanium, 65-73 parts of chromium and 5-12 parts of tungsten.

[0010] Preferably, the titanium-chromium-tungsten alloy comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of titanium, 70 parts of chromium and 10 parts of tungsten.

[0011] Preferably, the reaction gas includes one or more of nitrogen, methane and acetylene.

[0012] Preferably, the partial pressure of the argon gas is 0.05-0.3Pa.

[0013] Preferably, the partial pressure of the argon gas is 0.1 Pa.

[0014] Preferably, the partial pressure of the reaction gas is 0.01-0.1 Pa.

[0015] Preferably, the reaction gas consists of nitrogen and acetylene, the nitrogen partial pressure is 0.1Pa, and the acetylene partial pressure is 0.02Pa.

[0016] In the second aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing an easy-to-release concrete mold using the following technical solution: A method for preparing an easy-to-release concrete mold comprises the following steps: grinding and polishing the mold surface; placing the mold body in a vacuum sputtering plating device, evacuating the vacuum chamber to a vacuum degree not higher than 0.0005 Pa, using titanium-chromium-tungsten alloy as a target material, and introducing working gas and reaction gas for vacuum sputtering for 3-20 minutes.

[0017] Preferably, the parameters for performing the vacuum sputtering are as follows: target power: 4.5-5.5KW, substrate bias -50V to -100V.

[0018] Preferably, the parameters for performing the vacuum sputtering are as follows: target power: 5KW, substrate bias -70V.

[0019] Preferably, during the vacuum sputtering, the substrate temperature is 150-200°C.

[0020] Preferably, during the vacuum sputtering, the substrate temperature is 180°C.

[0021] In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. The present application manufactures a concrete mold by means of a mold body and a demoulding layer formed of a variety of high-hardness materials. On the one hand, the organizational structure of the demoulding layer material of metal carbon and / or nitride is greatly different from that of concrete, and has a high density, thereby avoiding adhesion between the concrete mold and the concrete workpiece as much as possible and reducing the difficulty of demoulding. On the other hand, it is difficult for the concrete workpiece to damage the high-hardness demoulding layer, thereby extending the service life of the concrete mold.

[0022] 2. The demoulding layer in the concrete mold of the present application contains multiple atoms such as carbon, nitrogen, titanium, chromium and tungsten. By selecting multiple metal atoms with significantly different atomic radii and allowing carbon and nitrogen atoms to occupy the interstitial positions in the metal lattice, the grains are refined and the defect points in the demoulding layer are reduced. Under the combined effect, the density and hardness of the demoulding layer are improved.

[0023] 3. The hardness of the demoulding layer in the concrete mold of the present application is HV2400-HV3000. When the concrete workpiece is formed, the adhesion amount of the concrete workpiece on the concrete mold is less than 1g / m 2 , and there are no defects such as burrs and scratches on the demoulding layer of the concrete mold. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with examples. The following examples are only used to illustrate the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. In the following examples, if specific conditions are not specified, they are carried out according to normal conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The methods used are conventional methods known in the art unless otherwise specified, and the consumables and reagents used are commercially available unless otherwise specified. Unless otherwise specified, the professional and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those familiar to those skilled in the art. In addition, any method or material similar or equivalent to the recorded content may also be applied to the present invention.

[0025] The raw materials used in the examples and comparative examples can all be obtained commercially.

[0026] Example 1 Example 1 of the present application provides an easy-to-release concrete mold, and the preparation steps are as follows: Titanium-chromium-tungsten alloy (titanium content 20%, chromium content 70%, tungsten content 10%) and mold body (P20 steel plate) were selected, and a vacuum sputtering coating machine (HCMS-CB-1000A) was used. Titanium-chromium-tungsten alloy was used as the target material, the mold body was used as the substrate, argon was used as the working gas, nitrogen and acetylene were used as the reaction gas, and the process parameters were: target power 5KW, substrate negative bias voltage -70V, substrate temperature 180℃, target and substrate distance 20cm, argon partial pressure 0.1Pa, nitrogen partial pressure 0.1Pa, acetylene partial pressure 0.02Pa. A demoulding layer was formed on the mold body, and it was naturally cooled to room temperature after the coating was completed to obtain an easy-to-release concrete mold.

[0027] Example 2 Example 2 of the present application provides an easy-to-demold concrete mold. The difference between Example 2 and Example 1 is that during the preparation of Example 2, a titanium-chromium-tungsten alloy (titanium content 15%, chromium content 73%, tungsten content 12%) is used.

[0028] Example 3 Example 3 of the present application provides an easy-to-demold concrete mold. The difference between Example 3 and Example 1 is that when preparing Example 3, a titanium-chromium-tungsten alloy (titanium content 30%, chromium content 65%, tungsten content 5%) is used.

[0029] Example 4 Example 4 of the present application provides an easy-to-demold concrete mold. The difference between Example 3 and Example 1 is that during the preparation of Example 4, nitrogen and methane are used as reaction gases, with a nitrogen partial pressure of 0.1 Pa and a methane partial pressure of 0.02 Pa.

[0030] Example 5 Example 5 of the present application provides an easy-to-release concrete mold. The difference between Example 5 and Example 1 is that during the preparation of Example 5, nitrogen is used as the reaction gas with a nitrogen partial pressure of 0.1 Pa.

[0031] Example 6 Example 6 of the present application provides an easy-to-demold concrete mold. The difference between Example 6 and Example 1 is that during the preparation of Example 6, acetylene is used as the reaction gas, and the acetylene partial pressure is 0.1 Pa.

[0032] Example 7 Example 7 of the present application provides an easy-to-demold concrete mold. The difference between Example 7 and Example 1 is that during the preparation of Example 7, the argon partial pressure is 0.05 Pa.

[0033] Example 8 Example 8 of the present application provides an easy-to-demold concrete mold. The difference between Example 8 and Example 1 is that during the preparation of Example 8, the argon partial pressure is 0.3 Pa.

[0034] Example 9 Example 9 of the present application provides an easy-to-demold concrete mold. The difference between Example 9 and Example 1 is that during the preparation of Example 9, titanium-chromium alloy (titanium content 22%, chromium content 78%) is used instead of titanium-chromium-tungsten alloy as the target material.

[0035] Example 10 Example 10 of the present application provides an easy-to-demold concrete mold. The difference between Example 10 and Example 1 is that during the preparation of Example 11, titanium-tungsten alloy (titanium content 67%, tungsten content 34%) is used to replace titanium-chromium-tungsten alloy as a target material.

[0036] Embodiment 11 Example 11 of the present application provides an easy-to-demold concrete mold. The difference between Example 11 and Example 1 is that during the preparation of Example 11, chromium-tungsten alloy (chromium content 87.5%, tungsten content 12.5%) is used to replace titanium-chromium-tungsten alloy as a target material.

[0037] Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 1 provides a concrete mold. The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is that, during the preparation of Comparative Example 1, titanium metal is used instead of titanium-chromium-tungsten alloy as the target material.

[0038] Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 2 provides a concrete mold. The difference between Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 is that, during the preparation of Comparative Example 2, chromium metal is used instead of titanium-chromium-tungsten alloy as the target material.

[0039] Comparative Example 3 Comparative Example 3 provides a concrete mold. The difference between Comparative Example 3 and Example 1 is that, during the preparation of Comparative Example 3, tungsten metal is used instead of titanium-chromium-tungsten alloy as the target material.

[0040] Comparative Example 4 Comparative Example 4 provides a concrete mold. The difference between Comparative Example 4 and Example 1 is that Comparative Example 4 does not undergo vacuum sputtering coating, but directly uses a P20 steel plate.

[0041] Test and Inspection (1) The hardness of the working surface of the easy-to-release concrete molds of Examples 1-11 and the concrete molds of Comparative Examples 1-4 was tested, as shown in Table 1 below.

[0042] (2) The easy-to-release concrete molds of Examples 1-11 and Comparative Examples 1-4 were used to conduct a concrete molding test. The test steps were as follows: 330 parts by weight of 42.5 grade ordinary Portland cement, 1000 parts by weight of gravel, 800 parts by weight of medium sand, and 145 parts of water were used to mix concrete. The easy-to-release concrete molds of Examples 1-11 and the concrete molds of Comparative Examples 1-4 were used to mold the concrete. The concrete was demolded after standard curing for 24 hours at a temperature of 20° C. and a relative humidity of 50%. The concrete material adhering to the working surface of the concrete mold was collected and weighed, and the adhesion amount (g / m2) was calculated as shown in Table 1.

[0043] Table 1:

[0044] Results Analysis The present application was further analyzed based on the results provided in Table 1.

[0045] The release layer obtained by vacuum sputtering coating on the easy-to-release metal molds of Examples 1-4 and Examples 7-8 consists of titanium carbonitride, chromium carbide, chromium nitride, tungsten carbide and tungsten nitride; the release layer obtained by vacuum sputtering coating on the easy-to-release metal mold of Example 5 consists of titanium nitride, chromium nitride and tungsten nitride; the release layer obtained by vacuum sputtering coating on the easy-to-release metal mold of Example 6 consists of titanium carbide, chromium carbide and tungsten carbide; the release layer obtained by vacuum sputtering coating on the easy-to-release metal mold of Example 9 consists of titanium carbonitride, chromium carbide and chromium nitride; the release layer obtained by vacuum sputtering coating on the easy-to-release metal mold of Example 10 consists of titanium carbonitride, tungsten carbide and tungsten nitride; the release layer obtained by vacuum sputtering coating on the easy-to-release metal mold of Example 11 consists of chromium carbide, chromium nitride, tungsten carbide and tungsten nitride. The release layer obtained by vacuum sputtering coating on the concrete mold of Comparative Example 1 is titanium carbonitride; the release layer obtained by vacuum sputtering coating on the concrete mold of Comparative Example 2 is composed of chromium carbide and chromium nitride; the release layer obtained by vacuum sputtering coating on the concrete mold of Comparative Example 3 is composed of tungsten carbide and tungsten nitride.

[0046] Referring to Table 1, the hardness of the working surface of the easy-to-release metal mold of Examples 1-11 reaches 2400-3000 HV, which is much higher than the hardness of 150 HV of the working surface of the easy-to-release metal mold of Comparative Example 4, which is beneficial to avoid scratches on concrete workpieces and other tools and improve the service life. The adhesion amount on the easy-to-release metal mold of Examples 1-11 is 0.5-0.9 g / m 2 The adhesion amount on the concrete mold of Comparative Examples 1-3 is less than half, and is much lower than 45.5 g / m 2The adhesion amount is small, and adhesion between the concrete mold and the concrete workpiece is avoided as much as possible, which reduces the difficulty of demoulding. That is, the easy-to-demold metal mold of the present application does not need to be coated with an organic coating before each use, and can be recycled many times.

[0047] Among them, the working surface hardness performance and demoulding performance of the easy-to-demold metal mold in Examples 1-8 are better than the working surface hardness performance and demoulding performance of the easy-to-demold metal mold in Examples 1-8. Analysis shows that this is because the metal mold contains multiple atoms of carbon, nitrogen, titanium, chromium and tungsten. By selecting multiple metal atoms with significantly different atomic radii, and by having carbon and nitrogen atoms occupy the interstitial positions in the metal lattice, the grains are refined and the defect points in the demoulding layer are reduced. Under the combined effect, the density and hardness of the demoulding layer are improved.

[0048] Compared with Example 1, Examples 4-6 demonstrate the influence of the type of reaction gas used in the preparation process of the easy-to-release metal mold on the hardness of the working surface of the easy-to-release metal mold and the amount of adhesion to the concrete workpiece, among which the easy-to-release metal mold of Example 1 using nitrogen and acetylene as reaction gases has the best working surface hardness and demolding performance, followed by the easy-to-release metal mold of Example 4 using nitrogen and methane as reaction gases, while the easy-to-release metal mold of Examples 5-6 using a single reaction gas has the lowest working surface hardness and a slightly higher adhesion amount than the easy-to-release metal molds of Examples 1 and 4.

[0049] Compared with Example 1, Examples 7-8 show the influence of the partial pressure of the working gas used in the preparation process of the easy-to-release metal mold on the hardness of the working surface of the easy-to-release metal mold and the amount of adhesion to the concrete workpiece, among which the hardness of the working surface and the demoulding performance of the easy-to-release metal mold of Example 1 are slightly better than those of the easy-to-release metal mold of Examples 7-8. Analysis is that a large partial pressure of argon will affect the compactness of the coating, and a small partial pressure of argon will slow down the growth of the coating and make the coating thinner.

[0050] This specific embodiment is merely an explanation of the present application and is not a limitation of the present application. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art may make modifications to the present embodiment without any creative contribution as needed, but such modifications are protected by the patent law as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. An easy-to-release concrete mold, characterized in that: The mold body comprises a mold body and a demoulding layer for separating the mold body from concrete, wherein the demoulding layer is composed of at least three of titanium nitride, chromium nitride, tungsten nitride, titanium carbide, titanium carbonitride, chromium carbide and tungsten carbide.

2. The easy-to-release concrete mold according to claim 1, characterized in that: The release layer is composed of carbide and / or nitride and / or carbonitride of titanium, carbide and / or nitride of chromium, and carbide and / or nitride of tungsten.

3. The easy-to-release concrete mold according to claim 1, characterized in that: The demoulding layer is obtained by vacuum sputtering on the surface of the mold body using titanium-chromium-tungsten alloy as a target material, argon as a working gas, and a reaction gas providing a carbon source and / or a nitrogen source.

4. The easy-to-release concrete mold according to claim 3, characterized in that: The titanium-chromium-tungsten alloy comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-80 parts of titanium, 5-80 parts of chromium and 1-15 parts of tungsten.

5. The easy-to-release concrete mold according to claim 3, characterized in that: The reaction gas includes one or more of nitrogen, methane and acetylene.

6. The easy-to-release concrete mold according to claim 3, characterized in that: The partial pressure of the argon gas is 0.05-0.3Pa.

7. The easy-to-release concrete mold according to claim 3, characterized in that: The partial pressure of the reaction gas is 0.01-0.1 Pa.

8. A method for preparing an easy-to-release concrete mold according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Grind and polish the mold surface; Place the mold body in a vacuum sputtering plating device, evacuate the vacuum chamber to a vacuum degree not higher than 0.0005Pa, use titanium-chromium-tungsten alloy as a target material, introduce working gas and reaction gas for vacuum sputtering for 3-20 minutes.

9. The method for preparing an easy-to-release concrete mold according to claim 8, characterized in that: The parameters for the vacuum sputtering are as follows: target power: 4.5-5.5KW, substrate bias -50V to -100V.

10. The method for preparing an easy-to-release concrete mold according to claim 8, characterized in that: When the vacuum sputtering is performed, the substrate temperature is 150-200°C.

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