Production method and application of high-modulus glass fiber fabric

Abstract

The invention provides a production method and application of a high-modulus glass fiber fabric, and the production method comprises the following steps: (1) raw material preparation: selecting activated high-flux carbon fibers and glass fibers, and carrying out cleaning and drying pretreatment; the pretreated carbon fibers and the pretreated glass fibers are subjected to mixed weaving according to the proportion of (1-2.3): (9-7.7), a two-dimensional weaving process is adopted, and the weaving density is controlled to be 2-6 pieces / cm, the weaving angle is controlled to be 85-90 degrees, and the weaving tension is controlled to be 6-8 N; and (3) post-treatment: carrying out surface toughening treatment on the mixed fabric by using nano-clay modified epoxy resin, and carrying out vacuum compression molding to obtain the high-modulus mixed fabric. Through optimization of fiber selection, a hybrid weaving process and surface toughening treatment, the mechanical property and durability of the hybrid fabric are remarkably improved, and the hybrid fabric has the characteristics of high modulus, high strength and excellent impact resistance and can be widely applied to the field of aerospace.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention discloses a production method of a high modulus glass fiber fabric and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of textiles. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of the aerospace industry, the demand for high-performance composite materials is increasing. The performance requirements of aerospace materials are extremely high because the working environment in the aerospace industry is extremely complex, including high temperature, low temperature, high pressure, high speed, strong radiation and other conditions. Therefore, the fibers used in aerospace materials usually need to have high strength, high modulus, fatigue resistance, corrosion resistance and other characteristics. As an important structural material, high modulus hybrid fabrics have become an ideal choice in these fields due to their excellent mechanical properties, lightweight characteristics and environmental resistance.

[0003] Traditional glass fiber fabrics mostly use single fibers or simple fiber combinations, which have problems such as insufficient mechanical properties, low interface bonding strength, and poor impact resistance. In addition, there is little research on the surface toughening treatment of glass fiber hybrid fabrics in the prior art, which makes the material prone to surface damage and performance degradation in practical applications.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to develop a high modulus glass fiber fabric with high modulus, high strength and excellent impact resistance to meet the high performance requirements of the aerospace field. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above problems, the present invention proposes a method for producing a high modulus glass fiber fabric, which significantly improves the mechanical properties and durability of the glass fiber fabric by optimizing fiber selection, co-weaving process and surface toughening treatment.

[0006] To achieve this object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for producing a high modulus glass fiber fabric, the production method comprising the following steps: (1) Raw material preparation: using carbon fiber and glass fiber as raw materials, wherein the carbon fiber is high-throughput carbon fiber that has been activated; pre-treating the high-throughput carbon fiber and glass fiber, wherein the pre-treatment includes washing and drying; (2) Blended weaving: The pretreated high-flux carbon fiber and glass fiber are mixed in a mixing ratio of (1-2.3): (9-7.7), and a two-dimensional weaving process is used for weaving to form a blended fabric; (3) Post-treatment: The woven blended fabric is post-treated, including surface toughening treatment, to obtain the high modulus blended fabric.

[0007] Preferably, the activation treatment comprises the following steps: The high-flux carbon fiber is obtained by heat-treating polyacrylonitrile fiber as a raw material and applying tension at the same time.

[0008] Preferably, the temperature of the heat treatment is 1980° C. to 2030° C., the time of the heat treatment is 280s to 330s, and the magnitude of the applied tension is 42N to 56N.

[0009] The production method of the high modulus glass fiber fabric provided by the present invention can enhance the polarity of the carbon fiber surface through high-temperature heat treatment at a suitable temperature and a suitable time, making it more suitable for functional treatment; at the same time, applying a suitable amount of tension during the preparation of the carbon fiber can also increase the orientation degree of the fiber, thereby improving the flux of the carbon fiber, and can convert polyacrylonitrile fiber into high-flux carbon fiber, thereby improving its surface activity and mechanical properties.

[0010] Preferably, the mixed weaving density is (2-6) strands / cm, the mixed weaving angle is 85°-90°, and the mixed weaving tension is 6-8N.

[0011] The production method of the high modulus glass fiber fabric provided by the present invention optimizes the mechanical properties of the material by optimizing the mixed weaving ratio of carbon fiber and glass fiber. Within this ratio range, the carbon fiber provides high modulus and high strength, and the glass fiber provides toughness and impact resistance. The two-dimensional weaving process ensures that the fibers are closely arranged and the interface bonding strength is high by controlling the weaving density, weaving angle and weaving tension.

[0012] Preferably, the surface toughening treatment comprises the following steps: Nanoclay is used to modify the epoxy resin, and the epoxy resin modified by nanoclay is compression molded on the surface of the mixed fabric.

[0013] The production method of the high modulus glass fiber fabric provided by the present invention uses nano-clay to modify the epoxy resin. An appropriate amount of nano-clay activator can significantly improve the toughness of the epoxy resin and enhance the surface impact resistance and durability of the mixed fabric. Since the nano-clay modified epoxy resin is covered on the surface of the mixed fabric in a layered structure, the bonding strength between plants can be improved, and the fine cracks generated by the fabric after the impact can be alleviated, thereby improving the overall toughness and life of the fabric.

[0014] Preferably, the modification steps are as follows: The nanoclay and epoxy resin are ultrasonically mixed, and after being evenly mixed, a curing agent is added for curing.

[0015] Preferably, the mass ratio of nanoclay to epoxy resin in the ultrasonic mixing is 0.2% to 1.5%.

[0016] The mass ratio of the curing agent to the epoxy resin during the curing is 27% to 33%.

[0017] The molding method is vacuum molding, and the pressure inside the vacuum molding device is 60kPa~80kPa.

[0018] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a high modulus glass fiber fabric prepared by the production method described in the first aspect.

[0019] Preferably, the high modulus glass fiber fabric is composed of a modified resin layer and a glass-carbon mixed layer from top to bottom, and the thickness of the modified resin layer accounts for 0.15% to 1.36% of the high modulus glass fiber fabric.

[0020] In a third aspect, the present invention provides an application of the high modulus glass fiber fabric as described in the second aspect, which is applied in the field of aerospace.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) The high modulus hybrid fabric provided by the present invention has high tensile strength, high elastic modulus and strong impact resistance by optimizing the hybrid ratio of carbon fiber and glass fiber and combining surface toughening treatment; (2) The high modulus hybrid fabric provided by the present invention has a surface toughening treatment by modifying the epoxy resin with nano-clay, which significantly improves the surface toughness and environmental resistance of the hybrid fabric and prolongs the service life of the material; (3) The high modulus blended fabric provided by the present invention is blended with low-density carbon fibers to achieve lightweight while maintaining high strength, thus meeting the requirements for lightweight materials in the aerospace field. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] For the convenience of understanding the present invention, the present invention lists the following embodiments. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments are only to help understand the present invention and should not be regarded as specific limitations of the present invention.

[0023] Unless otherwise specified, the product models in the present invention are all commercially available products.

[0024] The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated below through specific implementation methods.

[0025] In one specific embodiment, the present invention provides a method for producing a high modulus glass fiber fabric, comprising the following steps: Polyacrylonitrile fiber was activated at a heat treatment temperature of 1980-2030°C for 280s-330s and a tension of 42-56N to obtain high-throughput carbon fiber; the high-throughput carbon fiber and glass fiber were pre-treated by washing and drying; High-flux carbon fiber and glass fiber are mixed in a mixing ratio of (1-2.3): (9-7.7), using a two-dimensional weaving process with a weaving density of (2-6) strands / cm, a weaving angle of 85°-90°, and a weaving tension of 6-8N; Nanoclay and epoxy resin are ultrasonically mixed in a mass ratio of 0.2%~1.5%. After mixing evenly, a curing agent of 27%~33% of the mass of the epoxy resin is added for curing. Vacuum molding is used with a pressure in the device of 60kPa~80kPa to obtain a high modulus hybrid fabric.

[0026] In another specific embodiment, the present invention provides a high modulus glass fiber fabric, which is obtained by the above production method.

[0027] It should be clear that the use of the process provided by the embodiment of the present invention or the replacement or change of conventional data all fall within the protection scope and disclosure scope of the present invention.

[0028] Example 1

[0029] This embodiment provides a method for producing a high modulus glass fiber fabric, comprising the following steps: Polyacrylonitrile fiber was activated at a heat treatment temperature of 2000°C for 300 seconds and a tension of 50N to obtain high-throughput carbon fiber; the high-throughput carbon fiber and glass fiber were pre-treated by washing and drying; High-flux carbon fiber and glass fiber were mixed in a ratio of 1.5:8.5, using a two-dimensional weaving process with a weaving density of 4 strands / cm, a weaving angle of 88°, and a weaving tension of 7N. The nanoclay and epoxy resin were ultrasonically mixed at a mass ratio of 1%, and after being evenly mixed, a curing agent of 30% of the mass of the epoxy resin was added for curing. Vacuum molding was used with a pressure of 70 kPa in the device to obtain a high modulus glass fiber fabric.

[0030] This embodiment also provides a high modulus blended fabric, which is obtained by the above production method.

[0031] Example 2

[0032] This embodiment provides a method for producing a high modulus glass fiber fabric, comprising the following steps: Polyacrylonitrile fiber was activated at a heat treatment temperature of 1980°C for 320 seconds and a tension of 55N to obtain high-throughput carbon fiber; the high-throughput carbon fiber and glass fiber were pre-treated by washing and drying; High-flux carbon fiber and glass fiber were mixed in a ratio of 2:8, using a two-dimensional weaving process with a weaving density of 5 strands / cm, a weaving angle of 90°, and a weaving tension of 8N. The nanoclay and epoxy resin were ultrasonically mixed at a mass ratio of 1.2%. After being evenly mixed, a curing agent of 32% by mass of the epoxy resin was added for curing. Vacuum molding was used with a pressure of 75 kPa in the device to obtain a high modulus glass fiber fabric.

[0033] This embodiment also provides a high modulus glass fiber fabric, which is obtained by the above production method.

[0034] Example 3

[0035] This embodiment provides a method for producing a high modulus glass fiber fabric, comprising the following steps: Polyacrylonitrile fiber was selected for activation treatment, the heat treatment temperature was 2030°C, the time was 290s, and the applied tension was 45N to obtain high-throughput carbon fiber; the high-throughput carbon fiber and glass fiber were cleaned and dried for pretreatment; High-flux carbon fiber and glass fiber were mixed in a ratio of 1:9, using a two-dimensional weaving process with a weaving density of 3 strands / cm, a weaving angle of 85°, and a weaving tension of 6N. The nanoclay and epoxy resin were ultrasonically mixed at a mass ratio of 0.5%. After being evenly mixed, a curing agent of 27% by mass of the epoxy resin was added for curing. Vacuum molding was used with a pressure of 65 kPa in the device to obtain a high modulus glass fiber fabric.

[0036] This embodiment also provides a high modulus glass fiber fabric, which is obtained by the above production method.

[0037] Example 4

[0038] This embodiment provides a method for producing a high modulus glass fiber fabric, which is different from Embodiment 1 only in that high-flux carbon fiber and glass fiber are mixed at a mixing ratio of 0.8:9.2.

[0039] This embodiment also provides a high modulus glass fiber fabric, which is obtained by the above production method.

[0040] Example 5

[0041] This embodiment provides a method for producing a high modulus glass fiber fabric, which is different from Embodiment 1 only in that high-flux carbon fiber and glass fiber are mixed in a mixing ratio of 2.5:7.5.

[0042] This embodiment also provides a high modulus glass fiber fabric, which is obtained by the above production method.

[0043] Example 6

[0044] This embodiment provides a method for producing a high modulus glass fiber fabric, which is different from Embodiment 1 only in that the heat treatment time of the carbon fiber is 250 seconds.

[0045] This embodiment also provides a high modulus glass fiber fabric, which is obtained by the above production method.

[0046] Example 7

[0047] This embodiment provides a method for producing a high modulus glass fiber fabric, which is different from Embodiment 1 only in that the heat treatment time of the carbon fiber is 350 seconds.

[0048] This embodiment also provides a high modulus glass fiber fabric, which is obtained by the above production method.

[0049] Example 8

[0050] This embodiment provides a method for producing a high modulus glass fiber fabric, which is different from Embodiment 1 only in that nanoclay and epoxy resin are ultrasonically mixed at a mass ratio of 0.1%.

[0051] This embodiment also provides a high modulus glass fiber fabric, which is obtained by the above production method.

[0052] Example 9

[0053] This embodiment provides a method for producing a high modulus glass fiber fabric, which is different from Embodiment 1 only in that nanoclay and epoxy resin are ultrasonically mixed at a mass ratio of 2%.

[0054] This embodiment also provides a high modulus glass fiber fabric, which is obtained by the above production method.

[0055] Comparative Example 1 This comparative example provides a method for producing a mixed woven fabric, comprising the following steps: Ordinary carbon fiber and glass fiber that have not been activated are selected, and the ordinary carbon fiber and glass fiber are mixed in a mixing ratio of 1.5:8.5. A two-dimensional weaving process is adopted with a weaving density of 4 strands / cm, a weaving angle of 88°, and a weaving tension of 7N. Unmodified epoxy resin is used for compression molding to obtain glass fiber fabric.

[0056] This comparative example also provides a high modulus glass fiber fabric, which is obtained by the above production method.

[0057] Comparative Example 2 This comparative example provides a method for producing glass fiber, comprising the following steps: High-flux carbon fiber and glass fiber activated as in Example 1 are selected, and the high-flux carbon fiber and glass fiber are mixed in a mixing ratio of 1.5:8.5. A two-dimensional weaving process is adopted, the weaving density is 4 strands / cm, the weaving angle is 88°, the weaving tension is 7N, and the surface toughening treatment is not used to directly obtain the glass fiber fabric.

[0058] This comparative example also provides a high modulus glass fiber fabric, which is obtained by the above production method.

[0059] Comparative Example 3 This comparative example provides a method for producing a glass fiber fabric, comprising the following steps: High-flux carbon fiber and glass fiber activated as in Example 1 are selected, and the high-flux carbon fiber and glass fiber are mixed in a mixing ratio of 1.5:8.5. A two-dimensional weaving process is adopted, the weaving density is 4 strands / cm, the weaving angle is 88°, the weaving tension is 7N, and unmodified epoxy resin is used for molding to obtain a mixed fabric.

[0060] This comparative example also provides a high modulus glass fiber fabric, which is obtained by the above production method.

[0061] The mechanical properties of the glass fiber fabrics provided in Examples 1 to 9 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were tested, and the results are shown in the following table: Table 1 Tensile strength (MPa) Elastic modulus (GPa) Impact resistance (kJ / m²) Example 1 852 120 45 Example 2 881 125 48 Example 3 827 115 42 Example 4 703 90 41 Example 5 787 113 32 Example 6 750 100 35 Example 7 741 98 34 Example 8 764 105 28 Example 9 781 102 42 Comparative Example 1 706 90 30 Comparative Example 2 753 110 35 Comparative Example 3 759 100 32 From the test results in Table 1, we can see that: (1) The tensile strength, elastic modulus and impact resistance of Examples 1-9 are significantly better than those of Comparative Examples 1-3, indicating that the present invention significantly improves the mechanical properties and durability of the mixed knitted fabric through activation treatment, mixed knitting process optimization and surface toughening treatment; (2) By comparing Example 1 with Examples 4-5, it can be seen that since the mixed ratio of Examples 4-5 exceeds the preferred range of the present invention, the glass fiber ratio in Example 4 is too high, and the tensile strength and elastic modulus of the mixed fabric are significantly reduced. The carbon fiber ratio in Example 5 is too high, and the impact resistance of the mixed fabric is reduced. Therefore, the preferred mixed ratio of the present invention can obtain good mechanical properties; (3) By comparing Example 1 with Examples 6-7, it can be seen that since the heat treatment time of Examples 6-7 exceeds the range, insufficient heat treatment time will lead to incomplete carbon fiber structure and decreased mechanical properties; too long heat treatment time will lead to excessive oxidation of the fiber. Too long or too short heat treatment time will lead to decreased mechanical properties, indicating that the control of heat treatment time is more important for improving the performance of carbon fiber. Only by using the preferred heat treatment time of the carbon fiber of the present invention can excellent mechanical properties be exerted; (4) By comparing Example 1 with Examples 8-9, it can be seen that since the amount of nanoclay added in Examples 8-9 exceeds the range, the nanoclay content in Example 8 is too low and does not play a toughening role, while the nanoclay content in Example 9 exceeds the upper limit and continues to increase without significant improvement. Therefore, the preferred amount of nanoclay added in the present invention can achieve a better surface toughening effect; (5) By comparing Example 1 with Comparative Examples 1-3, it can be seen that the performance of the blended fabric without activation treatment, surface toughening treatment or using unmodified epoxy resin is poor, which further proves the effectiveness of the technical solution of the present invention.

[0062] The high modulus glass fiber fabric prepared in Example 1 is applied to aircraft fuselage structural parts in the aerospace field. After actual testing, its mechanical properties and durability meet the use requirements, which significantly improves the lightweight and safety of the aircraft.

[0063] In summary, the present invention prepares a high modulus mixed woven fabric with high modulus, high strength and excellent impact resistance by optimizing fiber selection, mixed weaving process and surface toughening treatment. It can be widely used in aerospace, national defense and military industries and has important industrial application value.

[0064] The applicant declares that the above is only a specific implementation mode of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art should understand that any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention shall fall within the protection scope and disclosure scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for producing a high modulus glass fiber fabric, characterized in that: The production method comprises the following steps: (1) Raw material preparation: using carbon fiber and glass fiber as raw materials, wherein the carbon fiber is high-throughput carbon fiber that has been activated; pre-treating the high-throughput carbon fiber and glass fiber, wherein the pre-treatment includes washing and drying; (2) Blended weaving: The pretreated high-flux carbon fiber and glass fiber are mixed in a mixing ratio of (1-2.3): (9-7.7), and a two-dimensional weaving process is used for weaving to form a blended fabric; (3) Post-treatment: The woven blended fabric is post-treated, including surface toughening treatment, to obtain the high modulus blended fabric.

2. The production method according to claim 1, characterized in that The activation treatment comprises the following steps: The high-flux carbon fiber is obtained by heat-treating polyacrylonitrile fiber as a raw material and applying tension at the same time.

3. The production method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The temperature of the heat treatment is 1980° C. to 2030° C., the time of the heat treatment is 280s to 330s, and the magnitude of the applied tension is 42N to 56N.

4. The production method according to claim 1, characterized in that The mixed weaving density is (2-6) strands / cm, the mixed weaving angle is 85°-90°, and the mixed weaving tension is 6-8N.

5. The production method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface toughening treatment comprises the following steps: Nanoclay is used to modify the epoxy resin, and the epoxy resin modified by nanoclay is compression molded on the surface of the mixed fabric.

6. The production method according to claim 5, characterized in that The steps of the modification are as follows: The nanoclay and epoxy resin are ultrasonically mixed, and after being evenly mixed, a curing agent is added for curing.

7. The production method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The mass ratio of nanoclay to epoxy resin in the ultrasonic mixing is 0.2% to 1.5%; The mass ratio of curing agent to epoxy resin in the curing is 27% to 33%; The molding method is vacuum molding, and the pressure inside the vacuum molding device is 60kPa~80kPa.

8. A high modulus glass fiber fabric, characterized in that: The product is prepared by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. The high modulus glass fiber fabric according to claim 8, characterized in that: The high modulus glass fiber fabric is composed of a modified resin layer and a glass-carbon mixed layer from top to bottom, and the thickness of the modified resin layer accounts for 0.15% to 1.36% of the high modulus glass fiber fabric.

10. An application of the high modulus glass fiber fabric according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that: Used in aerospace field.