Heavy truck combined thermal management power system based on solid hydrogen storage

Abstract

The invention discloses a solid hydrogen storage-based heavy truck combined thermal management power system, and relates to the technical field of hydrogen energy efficient storage and energy conservation, the system comprises a solid hydrogen storage device, a hydrogen supply device, a fuel cell device, a heat pump device, an air supply device, a driving motor, a cooling system, a control system and the like; the solid hydrogen storage device adopts a sub-module hydrogen release design; the heat pump takes the fuel cell as a cold end and takes the solid hydrogen storage material as a hot end; the hydrogen supply device recovers hydrogen which does not react in the fuel cell through the ejector; the modular hydrogen release design is adopted, the energy consumption of short-distance transportation is reduced, part of waste heat generated when the fuel cell runs is recycled through the heat pump device and supplied to the solid hydrogen storage material, the cooling burden of the fuel cell is reduced, the overall efficiency of the power system is improved, the endurance under the same hydrogen storage amount is prolonged, and the power system is simple in structure and principle, low in cost and easy to popularize. And the method is easy to realize technically and low in cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of efficient storage and energy saving of hydrogen energy, and in particular to a power system of a heavy truck based on solid-state hydrogen storage combined with thermal management. Background Art

[0002] The hydrogen storage methods used by hydrogen fuel cells in heavy trucks are liquid hydrogen storage and high-pressure gas cylinder hydrogen storage. Liquid hydrogen storage has the disadvantages of high liquefaction energy consumption, strict storage requirements, and difficulty in long-term storage; the volumetric hydrogen storage density of high-pressure gas cylinder hydrogen storage is low, which limits the cruising range of heavy trucks, generally not exceeding 500km. Magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage materials have the advantages of low price, non-toxicity, high safety, and low storage requirements, but have the disadvantages of high hydrogen release temperature and large dehydrogenation enthalpy. It takes more energy to heat it to the hydrogen release temperature. If the hydrogen storage material adopts an integral design, all hydrogen storage materials need to be heated each time it is used, resulting in a significant increase in energy consumption for short-distance transportation. The dehydrogenation energy consumption is too high, resulting in a reduction in the short-distance cruising range of heavy trucks (heavy trucks). In addition, the efficiency of existing proton exchange membrane fuel cells is generally around 60%, and the operating temperature does not exceed 80°C, which also brings about a higher cooling demand. The high cooling energy consumption will further increase the energy consumption of heavy truck transportation, thereby causing a further reduction in the cruising range of heavy trucks. At the same time, the hydrogen flowing through the anode of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is often not completely reacted, and this part of the hydrogen is not effectively utilized, which also causes a waste of hydrogen storage materials and hydrogen storage and dehydrogenation energy consumption. Therefore, in order to improve the endurance of heavy trucks, it is necessary to improve the utilization rate of hydrogen.

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to propose an optimized solid-state hydrogen storage and release system for heavy-duty trucks to reduce hydrogen consumption and improve fuel economy, thereby achieving long-range and stable operation of solid-state hydrogen storage heavy-duty trucks. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art solid-state hydrogen storage heavy-duty trucks with high hydrogen consumption, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a heavy-duty truck based on solid-state hydrogen storage combined with a thermal management power system, so as to reasonably distribute and utilize the heat generated during the operation of the solid-state hydrogen storage heavy-duty truck, thereby improving the utilization rate of hydrogen fuel.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: The present invention provides a power system for a heavy truck combined with thermal management based on solid-state hydrogen storage, comprising a hydrogen storage device, a hydrogen supply device, a fuel cell device and a heat pump device; The fuel cell device has a first liquid inlet and a first liquid outlet. A third heat exchanger is arranged inside the fuel cell device. The third heat exchanger includes a third heat pump working fluid flow path. The inlet of the third heat pump working fluid flow path is connected to the first liquid inlet, and the outlet of the third heat pump working fluid flow path is connected to the first liquid outlet. The heat pump device comprises a heat pump compressor and a throttle valve, the heat pump compressor inlet is connected to the first liquid outlet through a heat pump working fluid pipeline, and the throttle valve outlet is connected to the first liquid inlet through a heat pump working fluid pipeline; The hydrogen storage device includes a hydrogen storage unit, which includes a first heat exchanger, a hydrogen storage material is arranged on the surface of the first heat exchanger, and the first heat exchanger includes a first heat pump working fluid flow path inside, the inlet of the first heat pump working fluid flow path is connected to the outlet of the heat pump compressor through the heat pump working fluid pipeline, and the outlet of the first heat pump working fluid flow path is connected to the inlet of the throttle valve through the heat pump working fluid pipeline; The hydrogen storage units have at least two, and the hydrogen outlets of the hydrogen storage units are connected to the anode hydrogen inlets of the fuel cell device through a hydrogen supply device.

[0006] Preferably, the hydrogen storage unit includes a hydrogen storage container, and the first heat exchanger and the hydrogen storage material are arranged inside the cavity of the hydrogen storage container; the inlet of the first heat pump working fluid flow path is connected to the first flow regulating valve, and the outlet of the first heat pump working fluid flow path is connected to the second flow regulating valve; the hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen storage unit is arranged on the cavity of the hydrogen storage container, and the hydrogen storage container is connected to the hydrogen supply device through a hydrogen pipeline, and the hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen storage unit is connected to the third flow regulating valve.

[0007] Further preferably, a first safety valve is provided on the cavity wall of the hydrogen storage container, and an outlet of the first safety valve is connected to the external environment.

[0008] Further preferably, the openings of the first flow regulating valve, the second flow regulating valve and the third flow regulating valve are controlled by a control system, and the control system is electrically connected to the fuel cell device.

[0009] Preferably, the hydrogen supply device includes an ejector, the hydrogen inlet of the ejector is connected to the hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen storage unit, and the hydrogen outlet of the ejector is connected to the anode hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell device; the anode of the fuel cell device includes a residual hydrogen exhaust port, and the residual hydrogen exhaust port is divided into two paths, one is connected to the low-pressure fluid inlet of the ejector, and the other is connected to the external environment through a second safety valve.

[0010] Further preferably, a hydrogen pump is connected between the hydrogen inlet of the ejector and the hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen storage unit, and the hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen pump is connected to the hydrogen pipeline inside the second heat exchanger through a hydrogen pipeline. The second heat exchanger also includes a second cooling pipeline, and the second cooling pipeline is connected to a cold source.

[0011] Preferably, the fuel cell device includes a second liquid inlet and a second liquid outlet, and the third heat exchanger also includes a third cooling pipeline, the inlet of the third cooling pipeline is connected to the second liquid inlet, and the outlet of the third cooling pipeline is connected to the second liquid outlet; a cold source is connected between the second liquid inlet and the second liquid outlet.

[0012] Preferably, the heat pump working fluid pipeline between the outlet of the first heat pump working fluid flow path and the inlet of the throttle valve is connected in series with the heat pump working fluid pipeline inside the seventh heat exchanger, and the seventh heat exchanger also includes a seventh cooling pipeline, which is connected to the cold source.

[0013] Further preferably, the cold source is a cooling circulation system, and the cooling pipeline of the cooling circulation system is connected to the fourth flow regulating valve, the sixth heat exchanger and the water pump in sequence; the cooling pipeline between the water pump outlet and the fourth flow regulating valve is connected to the fifth cooling pipeline inside the fifth heat exchanger, and the fifth heat exchanger is used to cool the drive motor system of the heavy truck.

[0014] Further preferably, the cooling pipeline between the water pump and the fourth flow regulating valve is connected to the fourth cooling pipeline inside the fourth heat exchanger, and an air pipeline is also provided inside the fourth heat exchanger, and the air pipeline connects the outside with the cathode air inlet of the fuel cell device.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present application provides a power system of a heavy truck combined with thermal management based on solid-state hydrogen storage. Based on the existing hydrogen fuel cell heavy truck, a modular hydrogen release design is adopted. By controlling the hydrogen output of the solid-state hydrogen storage device and the flow rate of the heating working fluid, the hydrogen storage materials in each hydrogen storage unit are independently heated and the hydrogen is released in coordination. Compared with the overall heating and hydrogen release of the hydrogen storage module in the prior art, on the one hand, each hydrogen storage unit can use less heat to heat and release hydrogen. On the other hand, the hydrogen release of the hydrogen storage unit can be reasonably distributed according to the actual needs of the heavy truck operation, thereby reducing heat energy loss and energy consumption, especially during short-distance transportation. At the same time, it avoids the hydrogen storage materials of the entire solid-state hydrogen storage unit from frequently participating in unnecessary hydrogen release and solidification cycles, thereby increasing the service life of the hydrogen storage materials. The present invention also provides a heat pump device that acts synchronously with the hydrogen storage device. The heat pump device absorbs heat at the fuel cell device and releases heat at the hydrogen storage material. The heat pump device undertakes part of the cooling task of the fuel cell device. At the same time, it can transmit the waste heat generated by the fuel cell device to the solid-state hydrogen storage device to heat the solid-state hydrogen storage material, thereby realizing the recovery and utilization of waste heat, thereby increasing the hydrogen consumption and energy consumption of the system. When the heavy truck is running, the hydrogen storage material releases hydrogen in modules to reduce the heating energy consumption of short-distance transportation. The heat pump system recovers part of the waste heat during the operation of the fuel cell and supplies it to the hydrogen storage material, reducing the burden of fuel cell cooling and improving the overall efficiency of the power system, extending the endurance with the same amount of hydrogen storage. The structure and principle are simple, easy to implement technically, and low cost.

[0016] Furthermore, the present invention uses an ejector to recover the remaining hydrogen after the anode reaction of the fuel cell device, thereby improving the utilization rate of the hydrogen. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the overall structure of a power system of a heavy truck based on solid-state hydrogen storage combined with thermal management in one embodiment.

[0018] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the partial structure of a power system of a heavy truck based on solid-state hydrogen storage combined with thermal management in one embodiment.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a graph showing the relationship between the temperature of the hydrogen storage material, the drive motor and the fuel cell and the driving distance when the heavy truck is running at a constant speed in one embodiment.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a graph showing the relationship between the remaining hydrogen mass of the hydrogen storage material and the driving distance when a heavy truck adopts a modular hydrogen release design and is running at a constant speed in one embodiment.

[0021] Figure 5 This is a comparison chart of the hydrogen absorption and desorption thermodynamics of common metal hydrogen storage materials.

[0022] Part names and serial numbers in the figure: 1. Solid-state hydrogen storage device; 11. Hydrogen storage material; 12. First heat exchanger; 13. Hydrogen storage container; 14. First flow control valve; 15. Second flow control valve; 16. Third flow control valve; 17. Temperature sensor; 18. First safety valve; 2. Hydrogen supply device; 21. Hydrogen pump; 22. Second heat exchanger; 23. Temperature sensor; 24. Ejector; 25. Second safety valve; 3. Fuel cell device; 31. Proton exchange membrane Fuel cell; 32. third heat exchanger; 33. temperature sensor; 4. heat pump device; 41. heat pump compressor; 42. throttle valve; 5. air supply device; 51. air compressor; 52. air pressure sensor; 53. fourth heat exchanger; 54. air expander; 6. drive motor system; 61. DC motor; 62. fifth heat exchanger; 63. temperature sensor; 7. cooling circulation system; 71. water pump; 72. fourth flow regulating valve; 73. sixth heat exchanger. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the scheme of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] It should be noted that in the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention; the terms "first", "second", and "third" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance; in addition, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication of two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0025] The following is a detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings: The present invention provides a power system for heavy trucks combined with thermal management based on solid-state hydrogen storage, see Figure 1 , comprising a hydrogen storage device 1, a hydrogen supply device 2, a fuel cell device 3 and a heat pump device 4; The fuel cell device 3 has a first liquid inlet and a first liquid outlet. A third heat exchanger 32 is arranged inside the fuel cell device 3. The third heat exchanger 32 includes a third heat pump working fluid flow path. The inlet of the third heat pump working fluid flow path is connected to the first liquid inlet through a heat pump working fluid pipeline. The outlet of the third heat pump working fluid flow path is connected to the first liquid outlet through a heat pump working fluid pipeline. The heat pump device 4 includes a heat pump compressor 41 and a throttle valve 42. The inlet of the heat pump compressor 41 is connected to the first liquid outlet through a heat pump working fluid pipeline, and the outlet of the throttle valve 42 is connected to the first liquid inlet through a heat pump working fluid pipeline. The hydrogen storage device 1 has a hydrogen storage unit, which includes a first heat exchanger 12 and a hydrogen storage material 11 arranged on the first heat exchanger 12, wherein the first heat exchanger 12 includes a first heat pump working fluid flow path, the inlet of the first heat pump working fluid flow path is connected to the outlet of the heat pump compressor 41 through a heat pump working fluid pipeline, and the outlet of the first heat pump working fluid flow path is connected to the inlet of the throttle valve 42 through the heat pump working fluid pipeline; The hydrogen storage units have at least two, and the hydrogen outlets of the hydrogen storage units are connected to the anode hydrogen inlets of the fuel cell device 3 via the hydrogen supply device 2 .

[0026] For further information, see Figure 2The hydrogen storage unit includes a hydrogen storage container 13, a first heat exchanger 12 and a hydrogen storage material 11 are arranged inside the cavity of the hydrogen storage container 13; the inlet of the first heat pump working fluid flow path is connected to the first flow regulating valve 14, the outlet of the first heat pump working fluid flow path is connected to the second flow regulating valve 15, and the outlet of the second flow regulating valve 15 is connected to the inlet of the throttle valve 42; the hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen storage unit is arranged on the cavity of the hydrogen storage container 13, and the hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen storage unit is connected to the cavity interior and the hydrogen supply device 2 through a hydrogen pipeline, and the hydrogen pipeline is connected to a third flow regulating valve 16.

[0027] Furthermore, a first safety valve 18 is provided on the cavity wall of the hydrogen storage container 13 for connecting the interior of the cavity of the hydrogen storage container 13 with the external environment.

[0028] The hydrogen storage container 13 includes an inner container, a pressure-resistant shell, an insulation layer and an outer container. The inner container contains hydrogen storage materials. The pressure-resistant shell is sleeved on the outside of the inner container. The insulation layer and the outer container are sleeved on the outside of the pressure-resistant shell. The insulation layer is made of materials such as glass wool, which are cheap, have low thermal conductivity and low density. The hydrogen storage material 11 is divided into small pieces to make non-rigid contact with the heat exchanger plate of the first heat exchanger 12. The working fluid pipeline of the first heat exchanger 12 is divided into 4 branches after entering the hydrogen storage container 13. One branch is set in the middle of the hydrogen storage container 13, and the remaining three branches are evenly distributed near the edge of the hydrogen storage container 13. The flow rate of each of the three branches at the edge is slightly greater than the flow rate of the middle branch.

[0029] The hydrogen storage device 1 adopts a modular hydrogen release design, and each hydrogen storage container 13 is loaded with a portion of hydrogen storage material. During operation, the hydrogen storage material in the hydrogen storage container 13 is heated in sequence to reduce heat dissipation and reduce the energy consumption of heating the hydrogen storage material during short-distance transportation. When releasing hydrogen, if the hydrogen pressure in the inner container is higher than the safety threshold, the first safety valve 18 opens to release hydrogen to the outside and sounds an alarm.

[0030] Furthermore, the openings of the first flow regulating valve 14 , the second flow regulating valve 15 and the third flow regulating valve 16 are controlled by a control system, and the control system is electrically connected to the fuel cell device 3 .

[0031] For further information, see Figure 1 The hydrogen supply device 2 includes an ejector 24, the hydrogen inlet of the ejector 24 is connected to the hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen storage unit, and the hydrogen outlet of the ejector 24 is connected to the anode hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell device 3; the anode of the fuel cell device 3 includes a residual hydrogen exhaust port, and the residual hydrogen exhaust port is divided into two paths, one is connected to the low-pressure fluid inlet of the ejector 24, and the other is connected to the external environment through the second safety valve 25.

[0032] The ejector 24 uses the high-pressure hydrogen from the hydrogen storage device 1 to eject the remaining hydrogen after the reaction of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 31; in the hydrogen supply device 2, if the hydrogen pressure is higher than the safety threshold, the second safety valve 25 opens to release hydrogen to the outside and sound an alarm. The fuel cell system is used to react hydrogen and oxygen to generate the electrical energy required to drive the heavy truck and other systems inside the heavy truck.

[0033] Furthermore, a hydrogen pump 21 is connected between the hydrogen inlet of the ejector 24 and the hydrogen valve. Whether the hydrogen pump 21 functions as a pump or an expander is determined according to the hydrogen pressure in the hydrogen storage container 13 and the working condition of the fuel cell. The hydrogen pipeline at the hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen pump 21 or the hydrogen pipeline at the hydrogen outlet is connected in series with the hydrogen pipeline inside the second heat exchanger 22, and the second heat exchanger 22 also includes a second cooling pipeline inside, and the cooling pipeline is connected to a cold source.

[0034] Optionally, the fuel cell device 3 includes a second liquid inlet and a second liquid outlet, and the third heat exchanger 32 also includes a third cooling pipeline, the inlet of the third cooling pipeline is connected to the second liquid inlet, and the outlet of the third cooling pipeline is connected to the second liquid outlet; a cold source is connected between the second liquid inlet and the second liquid outlet.

[0035] Optionally, a heat pump working fluid pipeline inside the seventh heat exchanger is connected in series between the outlet of the first heat pump working fluid flow path and the inlet of the throttle valve 42, and the seventh heat exchanger also includes a seventh cooling pipeline, which is connected to a cold source.

[0036] For further information, see Figure 1 The heavy truck based on solid hydrogen storage combined with thermal management power system proposed by the present invention adopts cooling circulation system 7 as cold source to provide cold capacity for the system. The cooling pipeline of cooling circulation system 7 is connected with fourth flow regulating valve 72, sixth heat exchanger 73 and water pump 71 in sequence. The medium inside the cooling pipeline circulates under the action of water pump 7, and absorbs cold capacity at sixth heat exchanger 73 to supply cold to downstream heat exchange equipment. The cooling pipeline between the outlet of water pump 71 and fourth flow regulating valve 72 is connected with the fifth cooling pipeline inside fifth heat exchanger 62, and fifth heat exchanger 62 is used to cool down the drive motor system 6. The second heat exchanger 22, the third heat exchanger 32 and the fifth heat exchanger 62 are all connected to the cooling pipeline between the outlet of water pump 71 and fourth flow regulating valve 72. The three heat exchangers can be connected in series in sequence or in parallel.

[0037] In some preferred embodiments, a supercooling device is installed between the throttle valve 42 and the second flow regulating valve 15, so as to reduce the energy consumption of the heat pump compressor 41 while the heat pump device 4 meets all the cooling requirements of the fuel cell. In this scheme, the cooling pipeline between the water pump 71 and the fourth flow regulating valve 72 is connected to the seventh cooling pipeline inside the seventh heat exchanger, and a seventh heat pump working fluid flow path is also provided inside the seventh heat exchanger, and the seventh heat pump working fluid flow path is connected in series to the heat pump working fluid pipeline between the outlet of the first heat pump working fluid flow path and the inlet of the throttle valve 42. In this embodiment, the cold source of the supercooling device can be the cooling circulation device 7, or other cold sources independent of the cooling circulation device.

[0038] Optionally, the cooling pipeline between the water pump 71 and the fourth flow regulating valve 72 is connected to the fourth cooling pipeline inside the fourth heat exchanger 53. The fourth heat exchanger 53 is also provided with an air duct, which connects the external environment and the cathode air inlet of the fuel cell device 3, and is used to provide oxygen to the battery cathode of the fuel cell device 3.

[0039] Furthermore, the heavy-duty truck based on solid-state hydrogen storage combined with a thermal management power system proposed in the present invention also includes an air supply device 5, which includes an air compressor 51, an air pressure sensor 52, a fourth heat exchanger 53 and an air expander 54. The air pipes of the air compressor 51, the air pressure sensor 52 and the fourth heat exchanger 53 are connected in sequence, and the air expander 54 is arranged at the cathode gas outlet of the fuel cell device 3 and is connected to the outside world.

[0040] The air compressor 51 and the air expander 54 in the air supply device 5 are coaxial, and part of the compression work is recovered through the air expander 54 to reduce the energy consumption of the air compression device.

[0041] The flow rate of the water pump 71 is adjusted according to the temperature of the DC motor 61 inside the drive motor system 6 and the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 31 inside the fuel cell device 3, and the opening of the fourth flow control valve 72 is adjusted according to the outlet temperature of the hydrogen side of the second heat exchanger 22.

[0042] Furthermore, the heavy-duty truck based on solid-state hydrogen storage combined with a thermal management power system proposed in the present invention also includes a drive motor system 6, and the fuel cell device 3 is connected to the drive motor system 6 and transmits current to the drive motor system 6.

[0043] The heavy-duty truck based on solid-state hydrogen storage proposed in the present invention is combined with a thermal management power system and is also provided with sensors. The control system controls the opening of various valves and the start and stop of equipment according to the signals of various sensors.

[0044] For a comparison of the thermodynamics of hydrogen absorption and desorption of common metal hydrogen storage materials, see Appendix Figure 5The horizontal axis is the ratio of hydrogen atoms to metal atoms in the hydrogen storage material, and the vertical axis is the hydrogen pressure. α The AB segment is the stage where the phase (low temperature stable phase) is formed; α Phase conversion to β Phase (high temperature stable phase), at a certain temperature, the equilibrium hydrogen pressure is approximately constant, and this interval represents the effective hydrogen storage capacity; after point B, α All phases are converted into β Phase. Figure 5 It can be seen that with the increase of temperature, the AB segment gradually becomes shorter, indicating that too high temperature is not conducive to the hydrogen absorption reaction.

[0045] When the hydrogen storage device releases hydrogen: Initially, the hydrogen pressure in the hydrogen storage container 13 is higher than the equilibrium pressure corresponding to the set hydrogen release temperature.

[0046] When starting, the third flow regulating valve 16 is opened, the hydrogen compressor 21 is started, and other supporting parts (such as the air supply device, etc.) are started, and hydrogen enters the fuel cell device 3 to react, providing power for each power-consuming device, and the fuel cell starts to heat up; When the fuel cell starts working, the heat pump device 4 is started to provide heat for the hydrogen storage material 11. After the hydrogen storage material 11 reaches a preset hydrogen release temperature (such as 110°C) and the fuel cell temperature stabilizes near the set temperature (such as 80°C), the entire system enters a stable working state.

[0047] If the hydrogen corresponding to the part of the pressure in the hydrogen storage container 13 that is higher than the equilibrium pressure is insufficient and the fuel cell temperature cannot reach the set temperature, you can consider carrying several high-pressure hydrogen storage bottles to provide additional hydrogen sources for the fuel cell device 31. It can also be considered that the hydrogen storage container 13 has a similar function to a high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle when the heat pump is not started.

[0048] When the hydrogen storage device is charged with hydrogen: When the hydrogen storage material 11 is charged with hydrogen, the heat pump device 4 and the cooling circulation system 7 can be turned on, and the first flow regulating valve 14, the second flow regulating valve 15 and the throttle valve 42 can be opened to the maximum. At this time, the working fluid in the heat pump device only plays a cooling role, and takes away the heat generated by the hydrogen storage material 11 when absorbing hydrogen during the circulation process.

[0049] In order to facilitate understanding of the above technical solution, refer to Figure 1 , which is described in detail with reference to the embodiments.

[0050] Example refer to Figure 1 A vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen storage system includes a solid-state hydrogen storage device 1, a hydrogen supply device 2, a fuel cell device 3, a heat pump device 4, an air supply device 5, a drive motor system 6 and a cooling circulation system 7.

[0051] The present application provides a power system for heavy trucks based on solid-state hydrogen storage combined with thermal management. By replacing the hydrogen storage method with solid-state hydrogen storage that releases hydrogen in modules and adding a matching thermal management device, when the heavy truck is running, the modules heat the hydrogen storage material 11, and the heat pump device 4 recovers part of the waste heat during the operation of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 31 and provides it to the hydrogen storage material 11, thereby reducing the cooling burden of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 31, improving the overall efficiency of the power system, and extending the endurance under the same hydrogen storage capacity. In addition, the structure and principle are simple, easy to implement technically, and low in cost, providing new ideas for the development of hydrogen fuel cell heavy trucks.

[0052] In this embodiment, the hydrogen storage material 11 is MgH 2 -Ni 3 ZnC 0.7 / CNT, the material of the heat insulation layer in the hydrogen storage container 13 is glass wool, the working fluid used in the heat pump device 4 is R600a, and the coolant used in the cooling circulation system 7 is pure water.

[0053] In this embodiment, the matching characteristics of the key parameters of each component of the system are studied through Amesim simulation. Figure 3 The results show that the thermal system design of this embodiment is feasible. Figure 4 The results show that the solid hydrogen storage device with modular hydrogen release design can operate stably. Figure 3 and Figure 4 The results show that the design of this embodiment can ensure the stable operation of a 50t heavy truck for more than 1000km. For example, when the hydrogen storage material 11 can accommodate 95.4kg of hydrogen, the load capacity is about 38 tons, and the heavy truck can travel at a constant speed of about 1034km on a flat ground without wind.

[0054] In this embodiment, reference Figure 2 The solid hydrogen storage tank includes a hydrogen storage material 11, a first heat exchanger 12, a hydrogen storage container 13, a first flow regulating valve 14, a second flow regulating valve 15, a third flow regulating valve 16, a temperature sensor 17 and a first safety valve 18.

[0055] The hydrogen storage container 13 includes an inner container, a pressure-resistant shell, an insulation layer and an outer container. The inner container contains hydrogen storage metal, the pressure-resistant shell is sleeved on the outside of the inner container, and the insulation layer and the outer container are sleeved on the outside of the pressure-resistant shell; the first flow regulating valve 14 is arranged at the working medium inlet of the first heat exchanger 12; the second flow regulating valve 15 is arranged at the working medium outlet of the first heat exchanger 12; the third flow regulating valve 16 is arranged at the pipeline connected to the hydrogen supply device 2, and the third flow regulating valve 16 has the function of measuring and regulating the hydrogen flow; the temperature sensor 17 is arranged in the inner container of the hydrogen storage container 13; the inlet end of the first safety valve 18 is connected to the inner container of the hydrogen storage container 13, and the outlet end of the first safety valve 18 is connected to the outside atmosphere.

[0056] refer to Figure 2 The hydrogen storage material 11 is divided into small pieces and is in non-rigid contact with the heat exchanger plates of the first heat exchanger 12; the fluid pipeline of the first heat exchanger 12 is divided into four branches after entering the hydrogen storage container 13, one branch is arranged in the middle of the hydrogen storage container 13, and the remaining three branches are evenly distributed near the edge of the hydrogen storage container 13, and the flow rate of each of the three branches at the edge is slightly greater than the flow rate of the middle branch.

[0057] The hydrogen storage material 11 can be other solid hydrogen storage materials with higher hydrogen storage density and lower hydrogen release temperature. The heat insulation material in the hydrogen storage container 13 can be other low-cost materials with lower thermal conductivity and lower density. The heat pump working fluid can be other working fluids that can operate between 70°C and 120°C. The inner volume of the hydrogen storage container 13 is appropriately larger than the volume of the hydrogen storage material 11 filled with hydrogen, and is used to accommodate the volume expansion caused by the heating of the hydrogen storage material 11 and to accommodate the hydrogen flow channel; considering the volume change caused by the absorption and release of hydrogen and temperature change of the hydrogen storage material 11, sufficient gaps are left in the pipeline arrangement in the hydrogen storage container 13, or elastic materials are used to fill it.

[0058] refer to Figure 1 The solid-state hydrogen storage device 1 adopts a modular hydrogen release design. When the remaining hydrogen in the hydrogen storage material 11a in a hydrogen storage container 13a is insufficient, the system will switch to the next hydrogen storage container 13b for relay; when the remaining hydrogen in the hydrogen storage material 11a used does not reach the switching threshold, the other hydrogen storage materials 11b and 11c will not be heated, thereby achieving the purpose of block hydrogen release and energy saving.

[0059] Specific working process: when the remaining hydrogen in the hydrogen storage material 11a in the hydrogen storage container 13a in use is about to be insufficient, open the first flow regulating valve 14b and the second flow regulating valve 15b corresponding to the next hydrogen storage container 13b; when the hydrogen storage material 11b is heated to the hydrogen release temperature, close the first flow regulating valve 14a, the second flow regulating valve 15a and the third flow regulating valve 16a, and open the third flow regulating valve 16b at the same time to complete the switching.

[0060] When the hydrogen storage material 11 is charged with hydrogen, the heat pump device 4 and the cooling circulation system 7 can be turned on, and the first flow regulating valve 14, the second flow regulating valve 15 and the throttle valve 42 can be opened to the maximum to take away the heat generated by the hydrogen storage material 11 when absorbing hydrogen.

[0061] refer to Figure 2 If the pressure in the hydrogen storage container 13 is too high, the first safety valve 18 opens to discharge the hydrogen into the outside atmosphere.

[0062] Specific working process: when the hydrogen condition in the inner container 13 is higher than the safety threshold, the first safety valve 18 opens and the device releases gas to the outside; when the hydrogen pressure in the inner container 13 is lower than the safety threshold again, the first safety valve 18 closes.

[0063] refer to Figure 1 The hydrogen supply device 2 includes a hydrogen pump 21, a second heat exchanger 22, a temperature sensor 23, an ejector 24 and a second safety valve 25. The inlet pipeline of the hydrogen supply device 2 is connected to the inner container 13; the temperature sensor 23 is arranged at the outlet of the second heat exchanger 22; the inlet of the second safety valve 25 is connected to the low-pressure fluid inlet of the ejector 24, and the outlet of the second safety valve 25 is connected to the outside atmosphere.

[0064] The hydrogen pump 21 is connected to the inner container 13. The hydrogen pump 21 functions as a pump or an expander depending on the hydrogen pressure in the inner container 13 and the working condition of the fuel cell.

[0065] If the hydrogen pressure in the ejector 24 is higher than the safety threshold, the second safety valve 25 opens to release the gas to the outside.

[0066] Specific working process: when the hydrogen pressure in the ejector 24 is higher than the safety threshold, the second safety valve 25 opens to release gas to the outside; when the hydrogen pressure in the ejector 24 is lower than the safety threshold again, the second safety valve 25 closes.

[0067] refer to Figure 1 The fuel cell device 3 includes a proton exchange membrane fuel cell 31, a third heat exchanger 32 and a temperature sensor 33. The anode inlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 31 is connected to the outlet end of the ejector 24, the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 31 is connected to the low-pressure fluid inlet of the ejector 24, and the remaining hydrogen after the reaction of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 31 enters the hydrogen supply device 2; the temperature sensor 33 is used to detect the temperature of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 31.

[0068] refer to Figure 1 The heat pump device 4 includes a heat pump compressor 41 and a throttle valve 42 . The evaporator of the heat pump device 4 is the third heat exchanger 32 in the fuel cell device 3 . The condenser of the heat pump device 4 is the first heat exchanger 12 in the solid hydrogen storage device 1 .

[0069] The heat pump compressor 41 and the throttle valve 42 are controlled by the control system and adjust their working states according to the temperature of the inner container 13 .

[0070] The air supply device 5 includes an air compressor 51, an air pressure sensor 52, a fourth heat exchanger 53 and an air expander 54. The air compressor 51 is connected to the cathode inlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 31 through a pipeline; the air expander 54 is connected to the cathode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 31 through a pipeline.

[0071] The air compressor 51 and the air expander 54 are coaxial, thereby reducing the power consumption of the air supply device.

[0072] A dehumidification device may be added between the air expander 54 and the cathode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 31 to increase the dryness of the working fluid in the air expander 54 .

[0073] refer to Figure 1 The driving motor system 6 includes a DC motor 61, a fifth heat exchanger 62 and a temperature sensor 63. The temperature sensor 63 is used to measure the temperature of the DC motor 61.

[0074] refer to Figure 1 The cooling cycle 7 includes a water pump 71 , a fourth flow regulating valve 72 , and a sixth heat exchanger 73 .

[0075] After being pumped out from the water pump 71 , the cooling water passes through the fifth heat exchanger 62 , the third heat exchanger 32 , and the fourth heat exchanger 53 in sequence, and is diverted to the second heat exchanger 22 and the fourth flow regulating valve 72 . After merging, the cooling water joins the sixth heat exchanger 73 and re-enters the water pump 71 .

[0076] The coolant of the cooling circulation system 7 can be other liquids such as ethylene glycol, which have good fluidity, low corrosivity, high specific heat, wide operating temperature range, safety, and low price.

[0077] The fourth flow regulating valve 72 is controlled by the control system and adjusts its opening according to the signal of the temperature sensor 23 so that the temperature of the hydrogen at the outlet of the second heat exchanger 22 is not high enough to damage the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 31 .

[0078] The water pump 71 is controlled by the control system and adjusts its working state according to the signals from the temperature sensor 33 and the temperature sensor 63 .

[0079] The control system receives signals from the pressure sensors, temperature sensors 17 and flow regulating valves in the solid-state hydrogen storage device 1, the hydrogen supply device 2, the fuel cell device 3, the air supply device 5 and the drive motor system 6, outputs control signals to the first flow regulating valve 14, the second flow regulating valve 15, the third flow regulating valve 16, the hydrogen pump 21, the heat pump compressor 41, the throttle valve 42, the air compressor 51, the water pump 71 and the fourth flow regulating valve 72, and receives feedback signals.

[0080] The above contents are only for explaining the technical idea of ​​the present invention and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any changes made on the basis of the technical solution in accordance with the technical idea proposed by the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A heavy truck power system based on solid hydrogen storage combined with thermal management, characterized in that: It comprises a hydrogen storage device (1), a hydrogen supply device (2), a fuel cell device (3) and a heat pump device (4); The fuel cell device (3) has a first liquid inlet and a first liquid outlet. A third heat exchanger (32) is arranged inside the fuel cell device (3). The third heat exchanger (32) includes a third heat pump working fluid flow path. The inlet of the third heat pump working fluid flow path is connected to the first liquid inlet, and the outlet of the third heat pump working fluid flow path is connected to the first liquid outlet. The heat pump device (4) comprises a heat pump compressor (41) and a throttle valve (42); the inlet of the heat pump compressor (41) is connected to the first liquid outlet via a heat pump working fluid pipeline; the outlet of the throttle valve (42) is connected to the first liquid inlet via the heat pump working fluid pipeline; The hydrogen storage device (1) comprises a hydrogen storage unit, the hydrogen storage unit comprises a first heat exchanger (12), a hydrogen storage material (11) is arranged on the surface of the first heat exchanger (12), the first heat exchanger (12) comprises a first heat pump working fluid flow path inside, the inlet of the first heat pump working fluid flow path is connected to the outlet of the heat pump compressor (41) through the heat pump working fluid pipeline, and the outlet of the first heat pump working fluid flow path is connected to the inlet of the throttle valve (42) through the heat pump working fluid pipeline; The hydrogen storage units have at least two hydrogen storage units, and the hydrogen outlets of the hydrogen storage units are connected to the anode hydrogen inlets of the fuel cell device (3) via a hydrogen supply device (2).

2. The power system of heavy truck combined with thermal management based on solid hydrogen storage according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The hydrogen storage unit comprises a hydrogen storage container (13); a first heat exchanger (12) and a hydrogen storage material (11) are arranged inside a cavity of the hydrogen storage container (13); the front end of the inlet of the first heat pump working fluid flow path is connected to a first flow regulating valve (14), and the rear end of the outlet of the first heat pump working fluid flow path is connected to a second flow regulating valve (15); the hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen storage unit is arranged on the cavity of the hydrogen storage container (13), the hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen storage unit is connected to the hydrogen storage container (13) and a hydrogen supply device (2) via a hydrogen pipeline, and a third flow regulating valve (16) is arranged on the hydrogen pipeline of the hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen storage unit.

3. The power system of heavy truck combined with thermal management based on solid hydrogen storage according to claim 2 is characterized in that: A first safety valve (18) is provided on the cavity wall of the hydrogen storage container (13), and an outlet of the first safety valve (18) is connected to the external environment.

4. The power system of a heavy truck combined with thermal management based on solid hydrogen storage according to claim 2, characterized in that: The openings of the first flow regulating valve (14), the second flow regulating valve (15) and the third flow regulating valve (16) are controlled by a control system, and the control system is electrically connected to the fuel cell device (3).

5. The power system of heavy truck combined with thermal management based on solid hydrogen storage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrogen supply device (2) comprises an ejector (24), the hydrogen inlet of the ejector (24) is connected to the hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen storage unit, and the hydrogen outlet of the ejector (24) is connected to the anode hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell device (3); the anode of the fuel cell device (3) comprises a surplus hydrogen outlet, and the surplus hydrogen outlet is divided into two paths, one of which is connected to the low-pressure fluid inlet of the ejector (24), and the other is connected to the external environment through the second safety valve (25).

6. The power system of a heavy truck combined with thermal management based on solid hydrogen storage according to claim 5, characterized in that: A hydrogen pump (21) is connected between the hydrogen inlet of the ejector (24) and the hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen storage unit; the hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen pump (21) is connected to a hydrogen pipeline inside the second heat exchanger (22) through a hydrogen pipeline, and the second heat exchanger (22) also includes a second cooling pipeline, and the second cooling pipeline is connected to a cold source.

7. The power system of heavy truck combined with thermal management based on solid hydrogen storage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fuel cell device (3) comprises a second liquid inlet and a second liquid outlet, and the third heat exchanger (32) also comprises a third cooling pipeline, the inlet of the third cooling pipeline is connected to the second liquid inlet, and the outlet of the third cooling pipeline is connected to the second liquid outlet; a cold source is connected between the second liquid inlet and the second liquid outlet.

8. The power system of heavy truck combined with thermal management based on solid hydrogen storage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat pump working fluid pipeline between the outlet of the first heat pump working fluid flow path and the inlet of the throttle valve (42) is connected in series with the heat pump working fluid pipeline inside the seventh heat exchanger. The seventh heat exchanger also includes a seventh cooling pipeline, which is connected to a cold source.

9. The power system of a heavy truck combined with thermal management based on solid hydrogen storage according to claim 6, claim 7 or claim 8, characterized in that: The cold source is a cooling circulation system (7), and a cooling pipeline of the cooling circulation system (7) is connected in sequence to a fourth flow regulating valve (72), a sixth heat exchanger (73), and a water pump (71); a cooling pipeline between an outlet of the water pump (71) and the fourth flow regulating valve (72) is connected to a fifth cooling pipeline inside a fifth heat exchanger (62), and the fifth heat exchanger (62) is used to cool the driving motor system (6) of the heavy truck.

10. The power system of heavy truck combined with thermal management based on solid hydrogen storage according to claim 9, characterized in that: The cooling pipeline between the water pump (71) and the fourth flow regulating valve (72) is connected to a fourth cooling pipeline inside the fourth heat exchanger (53), and an air pipeline is also provided inside the fourth heat exchanger (53), the air pipeline connecting the outside with the cathode air inlet of the fuel cell device (3).

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