Dehua white porcelain sculpture preparation process based on natural loofah sponge fiber reinforcement

Abstract

The invention relates to a preparation process of a Dehua white porcelain sculpture based on natural loofah sponge fiber reinforcement. The preparation process comprises the following steps: pretreatment of loofah sponge fibers, preparation of white porcelain slurry, preparation of composite slurry, preparation of a sculpture primary product and preparation of a sculpture finished product. The white porcelain sculpture has the advantages that 1, through composite reinforcement of the loofah sponge fibers, a micropore-fiber synergistic toughening mechanism is formed for the white porcelain sculpture, the bending strength of the white porcelain sculpture is improved to 45-55 MPa, and the cracking risk is remarkably reduced; 2, the physical supporting effect of the loofah sponge fiber is utilized, so that the shaping stability of the white porcelain slurry is improved; meanwhile, thermal stress is buffered through a micropore network formed by carbonization of the loofah sponge fibers, the biscuit firing heating rate is increased to 2 DEG C / min, the total firing time is shortened, and energy consumption is reduced; and 3, the density of the finished product is reduced to 1.9-2.1 g / cm < 3 > by virtue of the lightweight characteristic and the microporous structure of the loofah sponge fiber, so that the weight of the white porcelain sculpture is reduced, the transportation cost is reduced, and the marketization of large sculptures is promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of ceramics, and in particular to a preparation process of a Dehua white porcelain sculpture based on natural loofah fiber reinforcement. Background Art

[0002] Dehua white porcelain is famous for its delicate and warm texture and uniqueness. The preparation process of traditional Dehua white porcelain sculptures uses kaolin as the main raw material, and is made through processes such as mud making, shaping, bisque firing, glazing, and glaze firing. However, the porcelain body in the prior art has the following problems: 1. The body has insufficient toughness and is prone to cracking due to stress concentration during firing or use, and it is especially difficult to achieve complex structural designs such as hollowing out and cantilevering; 2. Pure porcelain mud is prone to collapse when depicting sculpture details, requiring multiple repairs (increasing time by 30%-50%), and bisque firing requires extremely slow heating (1°C / min) to avoid cracking, which leads to high energy consumption and long cycles in the production process of the sculpture, while affecting artistic expression; 3. Traditional white porcelain sculptures have a high density (density of 2.3-2.5g / cm 3 ), such as large sculptures over 1 meter in height, which can weigh hundreds of kilograms. This makes the transportation and installation costs of large sculptures high, and also limits their application in the field of public art.

[0003] In the prior art, although there have been attempts to enhance the performance of ceramics by adding fiber materials, such as glass fiber and carbon fiber, such materials have poor compatibility with white porcelain slurry, and are prone to produce pores or residual impurities after high-temperature firing, affecting the pure texture of white porcelain. Summary of the invention

[0004] The invention provides a preparation process of a Dehua white porcelain sculpture based on natural loofah fiber reinforcement, and its main purpose is to overcome the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A preparation process of Dehua white porcelain sculpture based on natural loofah fiber reinforcement comprises the following steps: S1. Pretreatment of loofah fibers: washing and drying the loofah fibers, cutting the dried loofah fibers into short fibers of suitable length, and finally surface modifying the short fibers; S2, preparation of white porcelain slurry: weigh 50-60 parts by weight of kaolin, 20-30 parts by weight of quartz and 10-20 parts by weight of feldspar, and crush, mix and wet-ball-mill the above raw materials to prepare white porcelain slurry; S3, composite mud preparation: weigh the pretreated loofah fiber and white porcelain mud respectively in a mass ratio of 1-5:95-99, mix the pretreated loofah fiber and white porcelain mud, and grind them in a ball mill to obtain composite mud; S4, making a first sculpture: making the composite mud into a sculpture body, and then drying and biscuit-firing the sculpture body to obtain a first sculpture; S5. Production of finished sculptures: Glaze the initial sculptures, and then perform glaze firing to obtain the finished sculptures.

[0006] Furthermore, the step S1 specifically includes the following steps: S11, cleaning and drying: soak the loofah fiber in deionized water for 30 minutes of ultrasonic cleaning, remove impurities and then dry in a 60-80° C. oven to constant weight; S12, fiber cutting: cutting the loofah fibers into loofah short fibers with a length of 0.5-2 mm by mechanical shearing; S13, immersing the cut loofah staple fibers in a 5% sodium hydroxide solution for 1 hour, then neutralizing with dilute hydrochloric acid and washing with water until neutral; S14, pre-oxidation: calcining the loofah short fibers at 300-400° C. for 30 minutes in an inert atmosphere to remove organic matter in the loofah short fibers and form a microporous structure to enhance mud permeability.

[0007] Furthermore, the pore size of the microporous structure in step S14 is 1-5 um.

[0008] Furthermore, in step S2, the particle size of the obtained white porcelain slurry is ≤10um.

[0009] Furthermore, the step S3 specifically includes the following steps: S31, weighing the pretreated loofah short fibers and white porcelain mud respectively in a mass ratio of 1-5:95-99; S32, uniformly dispersing the loofah staple fibers in deionized water, and then adding a dispersant and stirring at high speed to form a suspension, wherein the amount of the dispersant is 0.5% of the mass of the loofah staple fibers; S33, mixing the suspension with white porcelain mud, grinding with a ball mill for at least 2 hours, with a ball-to-material ratio of 2:1, to obtain a composite mud with uniform distribution of loofah short fibers, wherein the water content of the composite mud is 28-32%.

[0010] Furthermore, the step S4 specifically includes the following steps: S41, shaping: the composite mud is made into a carcass by injection molding or manual sculpture, and the stability of the complex structure of the carcass is enhanced by the support of the loofah short fibers; S42, drying: slowly drying the carcass for 48 hours at a humidity of 50-60% and a temperature of 25-30°C to prevent the short fibers of the loofah from shrinking and cracking; S43, bisque firing: raise the temperature of the kiln to 850°C to bisque fire the body, and then keep it warm for 1 hour to carbonize the short fibers of the loofah to form a microporous network structure, thus obtaining a preliminary sculpture.

[0011] Furthermore, the biscuit firing in step S43 adopts step-by-step heating biscuit firing, and the specific biscuit firing steps are as follows: S431, the kiln is heated to 300°C at a rate of 1°C / min to remove the residual moisture in the carcass; S432, the kiln is heated to 850°C at a heating rate of 2°C / min to carbonize the short fibers of the loofah to form a microporous network.

[0012] Furthermore, in step S5, the thickness of the glaze applied to the initial sculpture is 50-80 um, and the glaze firing temperature is 1280-1320°C.

[0013] It can be seen from the above description of the invention that, compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: 1. Through the composite reinforcement of loofah fibers, the white porcelain sculpture forms a micropore-fiber synergistic toughening mechanism, which increases the bending strength of the white porcelain sculpture to 45-55MPa, significantly reduces the risk of cracking (breakage rate <5%), and expands the feasibility of complex shapes of white porcelain sculptures.

[0014] 2. The physical support of loofah fibers is used to improve the shaping stability of white porcelain mud, so that the one-time forming rate of the fine structure of white porcelain sculptures is increased by 80%, and the number of blank repairing processes is reduced by 50%. At the same time, the microporous network formed by the carbonization of loofah fibers buffers the thermal stress, increases the biscuit heating rate to 2°C / min, shortens the total firing time by 20%-25%, and reduces energy consumption by 0.3kWH / kg.

[0015] 3. With the help of the lightweight characteristics and microporous structure of loofah fiber, the density of the finished product is reduced to 1.9-2.1g / cm 3 , reduce weight by 15%-20%, reduce transportation costs by 25%, and promote the marketization of large sculptures.

[0016] 4. Agricultural waste loofah fibers are used to replace part of the kaolin raw materials to achieve resource recycling. The carbon emissions of a single white porcelain sculpture product are reduced by 18%. The loofah fibers are randomly distributed on the white porcelain sculpture products to form a natural "silk texture", which presents a faint sense of layering after glaze firing, enriching the artistic language of Dehua white porcelain and further enhancing the added value of the product. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] A preparation process of Dehua white porcelain sculpture based on natural loofah fiber reinforcement comprises the following steps: S1. Pretreatment of loofah fibers: washing and drying the loofah fibers, cutting the dried loofah fibers into short fibers of suitable length, and finally surface modifying the short fibers; S2, preparation of white porcelain mud: weigh 50-60 parts by weight of kaolin, 20-30 parts by weight of quartz and 10-20 parts by weight of feldspar, and grind, mix and wet-mill the above raw materials to obtain white porcelain mud; wherein the particle size of the obtained white porcelain mud is ≤10um; S3, composite mud preparation: weigh the pretreated loofah fiber and white porcelain mud respectively in a mass ratio of 1-5:95-99, mix the pretreated loofah fiber and white porcelain mud, and grind them in a ball mill to obtain composite mud; S4, making a first sculpture: making the composite mud into a sculpture body, and then drying and biscuit-firing the sculpture body to obtain a first sculpture; S5. Production of finished sculptures: Glaze the initial sculptures, and then perform glaze firing to obtain the finished sculptures.

[0018] Specifically, the step S1 specifically includes the following steps: S11, cleaning and drying: soak the loofah fiber in deionized water for 30 minutes of ultrasonic cleaning, remove impurities and then dry in a 60-80° C. oven to constant weight; Ultrasonic cleaning can remove wax and impurities on the surface of loofah fibers and avoid bubbles generated by volatile substances during firing; S12, fiber cutting: cutting the loofah fibers into loofah short fibers with a length of 0.5-2 mm by mechanical shearing; The short loofah fibers can be evenly dispersed in the white porcelain mud to avoid the stress concentration caused by the entanglement of the loofah fibers that are too long and the loss of toughening effect caused by the fibers that are too short; S13, immersing the cut loofah staple fibers in a 5% sodium hydroxide solution for 1 hour, then neutralizing with dilute hydrochloric acid and washing with water until neutral; The cut loofah short fibers are hydrolyzed in a sodium hydroxide solution to decompose the hemicellulose on the fiber surface, exposing the cellulose skeleton to increase the specific surface area; neutralization with dilute hydrochloric acid can eliminate alkaline residues and prevent the pH value of the subsequent mud from fluctuating; S14, pre-oxidation: calcining the loofah short fibers at 300-400° C. for 30 minutes under an inert atmosphere to remove organic matter in the loofah short fibers and form a microporous structure to enhance mud permeability; At 300-400℃, the loofah fiber is partially carbonized to form a stable carbon skeleton, and at the same time, a microporous structure with a pore size of 1-5um is formed to absorb white porcelain mud particles and improve the bonding strength. It should be noted that the pre-oxidation temperature must be strictly lower than 500℃ to avoid the loofah fiber from being completely carbonized and losing its porous structure;

[0019] The loofah fiber is a porous mesh structure, and its surface contains polar groups such as hydroxyl groups; micropores are formed on the surface of the loofah fiber after pre-oxidation, and a rough interface is formed on the surface after alkaline washing with a sodium hydroxide solution, thereby enhancing mechanical anchoring and chemical bonding with white porcelain mud.

[0020] Specifically, step S3 specifically includes the following steps: S31, weighing the pretreated loofah short fibers and white porcelain mud respectively in a mass ratio of 1-5:95-99; The proportion of the loofah short fibers is 1-5%, and excessive amounts will cause the fluidity of the white porcelain mud to decrease; S32, dispersing the loofah staple fibers uniformly in deionized water, and then adding a dispersant and stirring at high speed to form a suspension, wherein the stirring speed is 2000 rpm, the stirring time is 10 minutes, and the amount of the dispersant is 0.5% of the mass of the loofah staple fibers; The dispersant is sodium polyacrylate, which is adsorbed on the surface of the loofah staple fibers to form an electrostatic repulsion effect to prevent agglomeration; S33, mixing the suspension with white porcelain mud, grinding in a ball mill for at least 2 hours, with a ball-to-material ratio of 2:1, to obtain a composite mud with evenly distributed loofah short fibers, wherein the water content of the composite mud is 28-32%; In the composite mud, the loofah short fibers are evenly embedded in the white porcelain mud to form a "fiber-porcelain matrix" interpenetrating structure. It should be noted that the moisture content of the composite mud is controlled at 28-32%. Too low a moisture content will lead to difficulty in molding, and too high a moisture content will cause drying and cracking.

[0021] The step S4 specifically comprises the following steps: S41, shaping: the composite mud is made into a carcass by injection molding or manual sculpture, and the stability of the complex structure of the carcass is enhanced by the support of the loofah short fibers; The supporting function of loofah short fibers can be used to directly shape the hollow and thin-walled carcass; at the same time, the loofah short fiber network provides a "skeleton effect" to prevent the composite mud from collapsing under its own weight; S42, drying: slowly drying the carcass for 48 hours at a humidity of 50-60% and a temperature of 25-30°C to prevent the short fibers of the loofah from shrinking and cracking; The shrinkage rate of the loofah short fiber is about 2%, which matches the white porcelain mud to avoid interface peeling; S43, bisque firing: raising the temperature of the kiln to 850°C to bisque fire the body, and then keeping the temperature for 1 hour to carbonize the loofah short fibers to form a microporous network structure, thereby obtaining a preliminary sculpture; Specifically, the biscuit firing in step S43 adopts step-by-step heating biscuit firing, and the specific biscuit firing steps are as follows: S431, the kiln is heated to 300°C at a rate of 1°C / min to remove the residual moisture in the carcass; S432, the kiln is heated to 850°C at a heating rate of 2°C / min to carbonize the short fibers of the loofah to form a microporous network.

[0022] Specifically, in step S5, the thickness of the glaze applied to the primary sculpture is 50-80um, and the glaze firing temperature is 1280-1320°C. It should be noted that the glaze firing temperature is increased to 1280-1320°C at a heating rate of 5°C / min. At a temperature of 1280-1320°C, the glaze layer melts and covers the micropores, so that the surface smoothness of the finished sculpture is consistent with that of traditional white porcelain, and the light transmittance is ≥90%. Embodiment 1

[0023] A preparation process of Dehua white porcelain sculpture based on natural loofah fiber reinforcement comprises the following steps: S1. Pretreatment of loofah fibers: washing and drying the loofah fibers, cutting the dried loofah fibers into short fibers of suitable length, and finally surface modifying the short fibers; S2, preparation of white porcelain mud: weigh 50 parts by weight of kaolin, 20 parts by weight of quartz and 12 parts by weight of feldspar, and grind, mix and wet-ball-mill the above raw materials to obtain white porcelain mud; wherein the particle size of the obtained white porcelain mud is ≤10um; S3, composite mud preparation: weigh the pretreated loofah fiber and white porcelain mud at a mass ratio of 2:98, mix the pretreated loofah fiber and white porcelain mud, and grind them in a ball mill to obtain composite mud; S4, making a first sculpture: making the composite mud into a sculpture body, and then drying and biscuit-firing the sculpture body to obtain a first sculpture; S5. Production of finished sculptures: Glaze the initial sculptures, and then perform glaze firing to obtain the finished sculptures.

[0024] Specifically, the step S1 specifically includes the following steps: S11, cleaning and drying: soak the loofah fiber in deionized water for 30 minutes of ultrasonic cleaning, remove impurities and then place in a 60° C. oven to dry to constant weight; Ultrasonic cleaning can remove wax and impurities on the surface of loofah fibers and avoid bubbles generated by volatile substances during firing; S12, fiber cutting: cutting the loofah fibers into loofah short fibers with a length of 0.5 by mechanical shearing; The short loofah fibers can be evenly dispersed in the white porcelain mud to avoid the stress concentration caused by the entanglement of the loofah fibers that are too long and the loss of toughening effect caused by the fibers that are too short; S13, immersing the cut loofah staple fibers in a 5% sodium hydroxide solution for 1 hour, then neutralizing with dilute hydrochloric acid and washing with water until neutral; The cut loofah short fibers are hydrolyzed in a sodium hydroxide solution to decompose the hemicellulose on the fiber surface, exposing the cellulose skeleton to increase the specific surface area; neutralization with dilute hydrochloric acid can eliminate alkaline residues and prevent the pH value of the subsequent mud from fluctuating; S14, pre-oxidation: calcining the loofah short fibers at 300° C. for 30 minutes under an inert atmosphere to remove organic matter in the loofah short fibers and form a microporous structure to enhance mud permeability; At 300℃, the loofah fiber is partially carbonized to form a stable carbon skeleton, and at the same time, a microporous structure with a pore size of 1-5um is formed to absorb white porcelain mud particles and improve the bonding strength. It should be noted that the pre-oxidation temperature must be strictly lower than 500℃ to avoid the complete carbonization of the loofah fiber and the loss of its porous structure; The loofah fiber is a porous mesh structure, and its surface contains polar groups such as hydroxyl groups; micropores are formed on the surface of the loofah fiber after pre-oxidation, and a rough interface is formed on the surface after alkaline washing with a sodium hydroxide solution, thereby enhancing mechanical anchoring and chemical bonding with white porcelain mud.

[0025] Specifically, step S3 specifically includes the following steps: S31, weighing the pretreated loofah short fibers and white porcelain mud respectively at a mass ratio of 2:98; The proportion of the loofah short fibers is 2%, and excessive amounts will cause the fluidity of the white porcelain mud to decrease; S32, dispersing the loofah staple fibers uniformly in deionized water, and then adding a dispersant and stirring at high speed to form a suspension, wherein the stirring speed is 2000 rpm, the stirring time is 10 minutes, and the amount of the dispersant is 0.5% of the mass of the loofah staple fibers; The dispersant is sodium polyacrylate, which is adsorbed on the surface of the loofah staple fibers to form an electrostatic repulsion effect to prevent agglomeration; S33, mixing the suspension with white porcelain mud, grinding in a ball mill for at least 2 hours, with a ball-to-material ratio of 2:1, to obtain a composite mud with evenly distributed loofah short fibers, the water content of the composite mud being 28%; In the composite mud, the loofah short fibers are evenly embedded in the white porcelain mud to form a "fiber-porcelain matrix" interpenetrating structure. It should be noted that the moisture content of the composite mud is controlled at 28%. Too low a moisture content will lead to difficulty in molding, and too high a moisture content will cause drying and cracking.

[0026] The step S4 specifically comprises the following steps: S41, shaping: the composite mud is made into a carcass by injection molding or manual sculpture, and the stability of the complex structure of the carcass is enhanced by the support of the loofah short fibers; The supporting function of loofah short fibers can be used to directly shape the hollow and thin-walled carcass; at the same time, the loofah short fiber network provides a "skeleton effect" to prevent the composite mud from collapsing under its own weight; S42, drying: slowly drying the carcass for 48 hours at a humidity of 50% and a temperature of 25°C to prevent the shrinkage of the loofah short fibers and cracking; The shrinkage rate of the loofah short fiber is about 2%, which matches the white porcelain mud to avoid interface peeling; S43, bisque firing: raising the temperature of the kiln to 850°C to bisque fire the body, and then keeping the temperature for 1 hour to carbonize the loofah short fibers to form a microporous network structure, thereby obtaining a preliminary sculpture; Specifically, the biscuit firing in step S43 adopts step-by-step heating biscuit firing, and the specific biscuit firing steps are as follows: S431, the kiln is heated to 300°C at a rate of 1°C / min to remove the residual moisture in the carcass; S432, the kiln is heated to 850°C at a heating rate of 2°C / min to carbonize the short fibers of the loofah to form a microporous network.

[0027] Specifically, in step S5, the thickness of the glaze applied to the initial sculpture is 60um, and the glaze firing temperature is 1280°C. It should be noted that the glaze firing temperature is increased to 1280°C at a heating rate of 5°C / min. At a temperature of 1280°C, the glaze layer melts and covers the micropores, so that the surface smoothness of the finished sculpture is consistent with that of traditional white porcelain, and the light transmittance is ≥90%.

[0028] By comparison, the white porcelain sculptures prepared by the present invention and the white porcelain sculptures prepared by the traditional method are compared as follows: Embodiment 2

[0029] A preparation process of Dehua white porcelain sculpture based on natural loofah fiber reinforcement comprises the following steps: S1. Pretreatment of loofah fibers: washing and drying the loofah fibers, cutting the dried loofah fibers into short fibers of suitable length, and finally surface modifying the short fibers; S2, preparation of white porcelain mud: weigh 55 parts by weight of kaolin, 25 parts by weight of quartz and 15 parts by weight of feldspar, and grind, mix and wet-ball-mill the above raw materials to obtain white porcelain mud; wherein the particle size of the obtained white porcelain mud is ≤10um; S3, composite mud preparation: weigh the pretreated loofah fiber and white porcelain mud at a mass ratio of 3:97, mix the pretreated loofah fiber and white porcelain mud, and grind them in a ball mill to obtain composite mud; S4, making a first sculpture: making the composite mud into a sculpture body, and then drying and biscuit-firing the sculpture body to obtain a first sculpture; S5. Production of finished sculptures: Glaze the initial sculptures, and then perform glaze firing to obtain the finished sculptures.

[0030] Specifically, the step S1 specifically includes the following steps: S11, cleaning and drying: soak the loofah fiber in deionized water for 30 minutes of ultrasonic cleaning, remove impurities and then dry in a 70° C. oven to constant weight; Ultrasonic cleaning can remove wax and impurities on the surface of loofah fibers and avoid bubbles generated by volatile substances during firing; S12, fiber cutting: cutting the loofah fibers into loofah short fibers with a length of 1 mm by mechanical shearing; The short loofah fibers can be evenly dispersed in the white porcelain mud to avoid the stress concentration caused by the entanglement of the loofah fibers that are too long and the loss of toughening effect caused by the fibers that are too short; S13, immersing the cut loofah staple fibers in a 5% sodium hydroxide solution for 1 hour, then neutralizing with dilute hydrochloric acid and washing with water until neutral; The cut loofah short fibers are hydrolyzed in a sodium hydroxide solution to decompose the hemicellulose on the fiber surface, exposing the cellulose skeleton to increase the specific surface area; neutralization with dilute hydrochloric acid can eliminate alkaline residues and prevent the pH value of the subsequent mud from fluctuating; S14, pre-oxidation: calcining the loofah short fibers at 350°C for 30 minutes under an inert atmosphere to remove organic matter in the loofah short fibers and form a microporous structure to enhance mud permeability; At 350℃, the loofah fiber is partially carbonized to form a stable carbon skeleton, and at the same time, a microporous structure with a pore size of 1-5um is formed to absorb white porcelain mud particles and improve the bonding strength. It should be noted that the pre-oxidation temperature must be strictly lower than 500℃ to avoid the loofah fiber from being completely carbonized and losing its porous structure; The loofah fiber is a porous mesh structure, and its surface contains polar groups such as hydroxyl groups; micropores are formed on the surface of the loofah fiber after pre-oxidation, and a rough interface is formed on the surface after alkaline washing with a sodium hydroxide solution, thereby enhancing mechanical anchoring and chemical bonding with white porcelain mud.

[0031] Specifically, step S3 specifically includes the following steps: S31, weighing the pretreated loofah short fibers and white porcelain mud respectively at a mass ratio of 3:97; The proportion of the loofah short fibers is 3%, and excessive amounts will cause the fluidity of the white porcelain mud to decrease; S32, dispersing the loofah staple fibers uniformly in deionized water, and then adding a dispersant and stirring at high speed to form a suspension, wherein the stirring speed is 2000 rpm, the stirring time is 10 minutes, and the amount of the dispersant is 0.5% of the mass of the loofah staple fibers; The dispersant is sodium polyacrylate, which is adsorbed on the surface of the loofah staple fibers to form an electrostatic repulsion effect to prevent agglomeration; S33, mixing the suspension with white porcelain mud, grinding in a ball mill for at least 2 hours, with a ball-to-material ratio of 2:1, to obtain a composite mud with evenly distributed loofah short fibers, wherein the water content of the composite mud is 30%; In the composite mud, the loofah short fibers are evenly embedded in the white porcelain mud to form a "fiber-porcelain matrix" interpenetrating structure. It should be noted that the moisture content of the composite mud is controlled at 28-32%. Too low a moisture content will lead to difficulty in molding, and too high a moisture content will cause drying and cracking.

[0032] The step S4 specifically comprises the following steps: S41, shaping: the composite mud is made into a carcass by injection molding or manual sculpture, and the stability of the complex structure of the carcass is enhanced by the support of the loofah short fibers; The supporting function of loofah short fibers can be used to directly shape the hollow and thin-walled carcass; at the same time, the loofah short fiber network provides a "skeleton effect" to prevent the composite mud from collapsing under its own weight; S42, drying: slowly drying the carcass for 48 hours at a humidity of 5% and a temperature of 28°C to prevent the short fibers of the loofah from shrinking and cracking; The shrinkage rate of the loofah short fiber is about 2%, which matches the white porcelain mud to avoid interface peeling; S43, bisque firing: raising the temperature of the kiln to 850°C to bisque fire the body, and then keeping the temperature for 1 hour to carbonize the loofah short fibers to form a microporous network structure, thereby obtaining a preliminary sculpture; Specifically, the biscuit firing in step S43 adopts step-by-step heating biscuit firing, and the specific biscuit firing steps are as follows: S431, the kiln is heated to 300°C at a rate of 1°C / min to remove the residual moisture in the carcass; S432, the kiln is heated to 850°C at a heating rate of 2°C / min to carbonize the short fibers of the loofah to form a microporous network.

[0033] Specifically, in step S5, the thickness of the glaze applied to the initial sculpture is 60um, and the glaze firing temperature is 1300°C. It should be noted that the glaze firing temperature is increased to 1300°C at a heating rate of 5°C / min. At a temperature of 1300°C, the glaze layer melts and covers the micropores, so that the surface smoothness of the finished sculpture is consistent with that of traditional white porcelain, and the light transmittance is ≥90%.

[0034] By comparison, the white porcelain sculptures prepared by the present invention and the white porcelain sculptures prepared by the traditional method are compared as follows:

[0035] Embodiment 3 A preparation process of Dehua white porcelain sculpture based on natural loofah fiber reinforcement comprises the following steps: S1. Pretreatment of loofah fibers: washing and drying the loofah fibers, cutting the dried loofah fibers into short fibers of suitable length, and finally surface modifying the short fibers; S2, preparation of white porcelain mud: weigh 60 parts by weight of kaolin, 30 parts by weight of quartz and 20 parts by weight of feldspar, and grind, mix and wet-mill the above raw materials to obtain white porcelain mud; wherein the particle size of the obtained white porcelain mud is ≤10um; S3, composite mud preparation: weigh the pretreated loofah fiber and white porcelain mud at a mass ratio of 4:96, mix the pretreated loofah fiber and white porcelain mud, and grind them in a ball mill to obtain composite mud; S4, making a first sculpture: making the composite mud into a sculpture body, and then drying and biscuit-firing the sculpture body to obtain a first sculpture; S5. Production of finished sculptures: Glaze the initial sculptures, and then perform glaze firing to obtain the finished sculptures.

[0036] Specifically, the step S1 specifically includes the following steps: S11, cleaning and drying: soak the loofah fiber in deionized water for 30 minutes of ultrasonic cleaning, remove impurities and then dry in an oven at 80° C. to constant weight; Ultrasonic cleaning can remove wax and impurities on the surface of loofah fibers and avoid bubbles generated by volatile substances during firing; S12, fiber cutting: cutting the loofah fibers into loofah short fibers with a length of 2 mm by mechanical shearing; The short loofah fibers can be evenly dispersed in the white porcelain mud to avoid the stress concentration caused by the entanglement of the loofah fibers that are too long and the loss of toughening effect caused by the fibers that are too short; S13, immersing the cut loofah staple fibers in a 5% sodium hydroxide solution for 1 hour, then neutralizing with dilute hydrochloric acid and washing with water until neutral; The cut loofah short fibers are hydrolyzed in a sodium hydroxide solution to decompose the hemicellulose on the fiber surface, exposing the cellulose skeleton to increase the specific surface area; neutralization with dilute hydrochloric acid can eliminate alkaline residues and prevent the pH value of the subsequent mud from fluctuating; S14, pre-oxidation: calcining the loofah short fibers at 400°C for 30 minutes under an inert atmosphere to remove organic matter in the loofah short fibers and form a microporous structure to enhance mud permeability; At 400℃, the loofah fibers are partially carbonized to form a stable carbon skeleton, and at the same time, a microporous structure with a pore size of 1-5um is formed to absorb white porcelain mud particles and improve the bonding strength. It should be noted that the pre-oxidation temperature must be strictly lower than 500℃ to avoid complete carbonization of the loofah fibers and loss of their porous structure; The loofah fiber is a porous mesh structure, and its surface contains polar groups such as hydroxyl groups; micropores are formed on the surface of the loofah fiber after pre-oxidation, and a rough interface is formed on the surface after alkaline washing with a sodium hydroxide solution, thereby enhancing mechanical anchoring and chemical bonding with white porcelain mud.

[0037] Specifically, step S3 specifically includes the following steps: S31, weighing the pretreated loofah short fibers and white porcelain mud respectively in a mass ratio of 4:96; The proportion of the loofah short fibers is 4%, and excessive amounts will cause the fluidity of the white porcelain mud to decrease; S32, dispersing the loofah staple fibers uniformly in deionized water, and then adding a dispersant and stirring at high speed to form a suspension, wherein the stirring speed is 2000 rpm, the stirring time is 10 minutes, and the amount of the dispersant is 0.5% of the mass of the loofah staple fibers; The dispersant is sodium polyacrylate, which is adsorbed on the surface of the loofah staple fibers to form an electrostatic repulsion effect to prevent agglomeration; S33, mixing the suspension with white porcelain mud, grinding in a ball mill for at least 2 hours, with a ball-to-material ratio of 2:1, to obtain a composite mud with evenly distributed loofah short fibers, the water content of the composite mud being 31%; In the composite mud, the loofah short fibers are evenly embedded in the white porcelain mud to form a "fiber-porcelain matrix" interpenetrating structure. It should be noted that the moisture content of the composite mud is controlled at 31%. Too low a moisture content will lead to difficulty in molding, and too high a moisture content will cause drying and cracking.

[0038] The step S4 specifically comprises the following steps: S41, shaping: the composite mud is made into a carcass by injection molding or manual sculpture, and the stability of the complex structure of the carcass is enhanced by the support of the loofah short fibers; The supporting function of loofah short fibers can be used to directly shape the hollow and thin-walled carcass; at the same time, the loofah short fiber network provides a "skeleton effect" to prevent the composite mud from collapsing under its own weight; S42, drying: slowly drying the carcass for 48 hours at a humidity of 60% and a temperature of 30°C to prevent the shrinkage of the loofah short fibers and cracking; The shrinkage rate of the loofah short fiber is about 2%, which matches the white porcelain mud to avoid interface peeling; S43, bisque firing: raising the temperature of the kiln to 850°C to bisque fire the body, and then keeping the temperature for 1 hour to carbonize the loofah short fibers to form a microporous network structure, thereby obtaining a preliminary sculpture; Specifically, the biscuit firing in step S43 adopts step-by-step heating biscuit firing, and the specific biscuit firing steps are as follows: S431, the kiln is heated to 300°C at a rate of 1°C / min to remove the residual moisture in the carcass; S432, the kiln is heated to 850°C at a heating rate of 2°C / min to carbonize the short fibers of the loofah to form a microporous network.

[0039] Specifically, in step S5, the thickness of the glaze applied to the initial sculpture is 70um, and the glaze firing temperature is 1320°C. It should be noted that the glaze firing temperature is increased to 1320°C at a heating rate of 5°C / min. At a temperature of 1320°C, the glaze layer melts and covers the micropores, so that the surface smoothness of the finished sculpture is consistent with that of traditional white porcelain, and the light transmittance is ≥90%.

[0040] By comparison, the white porcelain sculptures prepared by the present invention and the white porcelain sculptures prepared by the traditional method are compared as follows:

[0041] The above is only a specific implementation of the present invention, but the design concept of the present invention is not limited to this. Any non-substantial changes to the present invention using this concept shall be deemed as an infringement of the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A preparation process for Dehua white porcelain sculptures based on natural loofah fiber reinforcement, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Pretreatment of loofah fibers: washing and drying the loofah fibers, cutting the dried loofah fibers into short fibers of suitable length, and finally surface modifying the short fibers; S2, preparation of white porcelain slurry: weigh 50-60 parts by weight of kaolin, 20-30 parts by weight of quartz and 10-20 parts by weight of feldspar, and crush, mix and wet-ball-mill the above raw materials to prepare white porcelain slurry; S3, composite mud preparation: weigh the pretreated loofah fiber and white porcelain mud respectively in a mass ratio of 1-5:95-99, mix the pretreated loofah fiber and white porcelain mud, and grind them in a ball mill to obtain composite mud; S4, making a first sculpture: making the composite mud into a sculpture body, and then drying and biscuit-firing the sculpture body to obtain a first sculpture; S5. Production of finished sculptures: Glaze the initial sculptures, and then perform glaze firing to obtain the finished sculptures.

2. A Dehua white porcelain sculpture preparation process based on natural loofah fiber reinforcement as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The step S1 specifically includes the following steps: S11, cleaning and drying: soak the loofah fiber in deionized water for 30 minutes of ultrasonic cleaning, remove impurities and then dry in a 60-80° C. oven to constant weight; S12, fiber cutting: cutting the loofah fibers into loofah short fibers with a length of 0.5-2 mm by mechanical shearing; S13, immersing the cut loofah staple fibers in a 5% sodium hydroxide solution for 1 hour, then neutralizing with dilute hydrochloric acid and washing with water until neutral; S14, pre-oxidation: calcining the loofah short fibers at 300-400° C. for 30 minutes in an inert atmosphere to remove organic matter in the loofah short fibers and form a microporous structure to enhance mud permeability.

3. A Dehua white porcelain sculpture preparation process based on natural loofah fiber reinforcement as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The pore size of the microporous structure in step S14 is 1-5 um.

4. A Dehua white porcelain sculpture preparation process based on natural loofah fiber reinforcement as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the particle size of the obtained white porcelain slurry is ≤10 um.

5. A Dehua white porcelain sculpture preparation process based on natural loofah fiber reinforcement as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The step S3 specifically comprises the following steps: S31, weighing the pretreated loofah short fibers and white porcelain mud respectively in a mass ratio of 1-5:95-99; S32, uniformly dispersing the loofah staple fibers in deionized water, and then adding a dispersant and stirring at high speed to form a suspension, wherein the amount of the dispersant is 0.5% of the mass of the loofah staple fibers; S33, mixing the suspension with white porcelain mud, grinding with a ball mill for at least 2 hours, with a ball-to-material ratio of 2:1, to obtain a composite mud with uniform distribution of loofah short fibers, wherein the water content of the composite mud is 28-32%.

6. A Dehua white porcelain sculpture preparation process based on natural loofah fiber reinforcement as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The step S4 specifically comprises the following steps: S41, shaping: the composite mud is made into a carcass by injection molding or manual sculpture, and the stability of the complex structure of the carcass is enhanced by the support of the loofah short fibers; S42, drying: slowly drying the carcass for 48 hours at a humidity of 50-60% and a temperature of 25-30°C to prevent the short fibers of the loofah from shrinking and cracking; S43, bisque firing: raise the temperature of the kiln to 850°C to bisque fire the body, and then keep it warm for 1 hour to carbonize the short fibers of the loofah to form a microporous network structure, thus obtaining a preliminary sculpture.

7. A Dehua white porcelain sculpture preparation process based on natural loofah fiber reinforcement as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The biscuit firing in step S43 adopts step-by-step heating biscuit firing, and the specific biscuit firing steps are as follows: S431, the kiln is heated to 300°C at a rate of 1°C / min to remove the residual moisture in the carcass; S432, the kiln is heated to 850°C at a heating rate of 2°C / min to carbonize the short fibers of the loofah to form a microporous network.

8. A Dehua white porcelain sculpture preparation process based on natural loofah fiber reinforcement as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, the thickness of the glaze applied to the primary sculpture is 50-80 um, and the glaze firing temperature is 1280-1320°C.

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