Garlic aerial bulb pelleting filler and pelleting method

Abstract

The invention provides garlic aerial bulb pelleting filler and a pelleting method, and belongs to the technical field of seed coating. The garlic aerial bulb pelleting filler comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40%-80% of diatomite, 10%-40% of plant starch, 0-6% of saccharides, 0-0.5% of urea and 0-20% of sodium stearate. The plant starch is selected from one or more of corn flour, wheat flour, sweet potato powder and dried potato powder; the saccharides are selected from one or more of brown sugar, glucose and maltose. The garlic aerial bulb pelleting filler supplements enough nutrients for garlic aerial bulbs, the yield of aerial bulb plants and underground bulbs is remarkably increased, the yield of garlic sprouts and garlic bulbs is close to that of conventional garlic seeds, the underground bulbs are remarkably increased and can appear on the market normally, and normal planting of the garlic aerial bulbs is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of seed coating, and in particular relates to a garlic aerial bulb pelletized filler and a pelletizing method. Background Art

[0002] The garlic produced in Sichuan Province of my country is famous for its early-maturing moss garlic, but it has been seriously degraded due to years of vegetative reproduction. Systematic selection of excellent varieties and application of virus-free garlic can restore the species and increase yield. The low reproduction coefficient of garlic (5-15) restricts the application and promotion of virus-free garlic and excellent varieties (lines). In 2010, the inventor studied and published the rapid propagation technology of aerial bulbs in Chengdu, Sichuan - "Research on the Rapid Propagation Effect of Garlic Aerial Bulbs". Leaving one season of aerial bulbs for two years can increase the reproduction coefficient of garlic by 3.7 times and the yield by 20%-30%.

[0003] The characteristics of this rapid propagation technology are as follows: in the first breeding season, the garlic scapes are used to keep the aerial bulbs, the garlic shoots cannot be harvested, and the underground bulbs (garlic heads) are produced normally; in the second breeding season, the sowing material is the aerial bulbs, the germination rate is 60%, the shoots are 30%-40%, the number of petals on a single head is 3-4, the reproduction coefficient is increased by 2.6 times, the garlic shoots are less and thinner, and the garlic heads are small and difficult to be marketed; in the third breeding season, the sowing material is the small underground bulbs harvested in the previous season, and the yield can be increased by 20%-30% compared with conventional garlic seeds.

[0004] It can be found that although this technology can increase the reproduction coefficient of garlic, in the first production season, no garlic shoots are produced, and the harvested aerial bulbs are used as breeding stock. In the second growing season, the garlic shoots are produced very little, and the harvested small garlic heads are used as the first-generation breeding material. The high breeding cost restricts the application of this technology in the breeding of improved varieties. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a garlic aerial bulb pelletized filler and a pelletizing method, which can supplement sufficient nutrients for the garlic aerial bulbs, significantly increase the aerial bulb plants and underground bulbs, the yield of garlic shoots and garlic heads is close to that of conventional garlic seeds, the underground bulbs are significantly increased and can be normally marketed, and the normal seeding of garlic aerial bulbs is achieved.

[0006] The invention provides a garlic aerial bulb pelletized filler, which comprises, by mass, 40%-80% of diatomaceous earth, 10%-40% of plant starch, 0-6% of sugar, 0-0.5% of urea and 0-20% of sodium stearate; the plant starch is selected from one or more of corn flour, wheat flour, sweet potato flour and potato flour; and the sugar is selected from one or more of brown sugar, glucose and maltose.

[0007] Preferably, the diatomaceous earth particle size is 300-500 mesh.

[0008] Preferably, in terms of mass, the plant starch is 13.8%-39.5%, and the urea is 0.2%-0.5%.

[0009] Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of the pelletized filler in pelletizing garlic aerial bulbs.

[0010] The invention also provides a method for pelletizing garlic aerial bulbs, comprising the following steps: attaching an adhesive to the surface of the garlic aerial bulbs, and then wrapping a layer of pelletized filler; attaching an adhesive again and wrapping a layer of pelletized filler, and wrapping repeatedly.

[0011] Preferably, the diameter of the garlic aerial bulb is less than 0.5 cm, and the thousand-grain weight is 50-80 g.

[0012] Preferably, the binder is a sodium alginate aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 2%-4%.

[0013] Preferably, the amount of the binder is 2-3 times the mass of the garlic aerial bulbs; and the amount of the pelletized filler is 2-4 times the mass of the garlic aerial bulbs.

[0014] Preferably, the coating of the pelletized filler is carried out in a coating pelletizer at a rotation speed of 100-140 r / min.

[0015] Preferably, the method further comprises placing the garlic aerial bulbs in a ventilated place to dry for 2-3 days after the pelletization is completed.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] The garlic aerial bulb pelleting technology of the present invention effectively solves the key problems of low seed yield and poor commercial quality of garlic in the traditional garlic aerial bulb propagation technology. The pelletized filler is used to supplement the aerial bulb with sufficient nutrients, which significantly promotes the growth and development of the plant, realizes the transformation of the aerial bulb from a propagation material to an excellent garlic seed that can be directly used for production and planting, greatly improves the garlic propagation coefficient and seed value, and is conducive to the rapid promotion and application of excellent varieties.

[0018] The raw materials of the pelletized filler of the present invention are widely available, including common agricultural and chemical products, which are easy to obtain and cost-controlled, thus reducing the production threshold and cost investment. The pelletization method has a clear and simple operation process, and through the reasonable use of the binder and the efficient operation of the coating pelletizer, the filler is stably wrapped in multiple layers on the surface of the aerial bulb, which is convenient for promotion and application in agricultural production practice, and provides an efficient and practical technical solution for the breeding of garlic varieties, which is of great significance to promoting the sustainable development of the garlic industry. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The invention provides a garlic aerial bulb pelletized filler, which comprises, by mass, 40%-80% of diatomaceous earth, 10%-40% of plant starch, 0-6% of sugar, 0-0.5% of urea and 0-20% of sodium stearate; preferably 50%-70% of diatomaceous earth, 20%-30% of plant starch, 1-5% of sugar, 0.2-0.5% of urea and 5%-15% of sodium stearate; further preferably 60% of diatomaceous earth, 26.7% of plant starch, 3% of sugar, 0.3% of urea and 10% of sodium stearate.

[0020] In the present invention, the diatomite particle size is preferably 300-500 mesh, more preferably 350-450 mesh, and more preferably 400 mesh. Diatomite has a porous structure, and its particles can be stacked together to form a stable three-dimensional structure, similar to the "skeleton" in construction, providing mechanical support for the pellets; the appropriate particle size has an important influence on the adhesion performance of the pelletized filler, and a finer particle size can provide a larger specific surface area, making it easier for other ingredients to adhere to the surface of the garlic aerial bulb, promoting the formation and stability of the pellets.

[0021] In the present invention, sodium stearate is beneficial to the pelletization, reduces powder loss, and can also prevent the pellets from agglomerating during storage and use. Preferably, the sodium stearate is of pharmaceutical grade.

[0022] In the present invention, the plant starch is selected from one or more of corn flour, wheat flour, sweet potato flour and potato flour; preferably, the plant starch is corn flour. As an important organic component, the plant starch can provide abundant carbohydrates for the garlic aerial bulbs, gradually release energy through hydrolysis during the growth process, and ensure the energy demand of the plant at different growth stages; in addition, the plant starch also contains amino acids, which are decomposed by soil microorganisms, and the released nitrogen elements can also be absorbed and utilized by the garlic aerial bulbs.

[0023] In the present invention, the sugar is selected from one or more of brown sugar, glucose and maltose; preferably brown sugar, more preferably edible brown sugar. Sugar is a carbon source, which provides basic substances and energy for the respiration and various physiological metabolic activities of the plant, and drives important physiological processes such as cell division and protein synthesis to proceed efficiently. Compared with other sugars, brown sugar is not only widely available and has a low acquisition cost, but also contains a small amount of amino acids, vitamins and trace elements in addition to the main sucrose. These ingredients can supplement the nutrients required for the growth of garlic aerial bulbs to a certain extent, play a synergistic role while providing a carbon source, promote the growth and development of garlic aerial bulbs, enhance their vitality and robustness, and help to achieve efficient reproduction of garlic aerial bulbs and improve the quality of seed use. .

[0024] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the garlic aerial bulb pelletized filler: various raw materials are weighed according to mass parts and mixed evenly.

[0025] The present invention also provides the use of the pelletized filler in the pelletization of garlic aerial bulbs, so as to improve the emergence rate, the bolting rate, the garlic yield and the commercial quality of the garlic aerial bulbs.

[0026] The invention also provides a method for pelletizing garlic aerial bulbs, comprising the following steps: attaching an adhesive to the surface of the garlic aerial bulbs, and then wrapping a layer of the pelletized filler; attaching an adhesive again and wrapping a layer of the pelletized filler, and wrapping repeatedly.

[0027] In the present invention, preferably the diameter of the garlic aerial bulb is less than 0.5 cm, and the thousand-grain weight is 50-80 g. It is further preferred that the garlic aerial bulb has full seeds, normal color, no mildew and no insect eyes. As an implementation method, the garlic aerial bulbs are graded with a sieve with a pore size of 5 mm, and the aerial bulbs that meet the above conditions are pelletized, and the remaining seeds are directly sown.

[0028] In the present invention, the binder is preferably a sodium alginate aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 2%-4%, and further preferably a mass concentration of 3%.

[0029] In the present invention, the preferred amount of binder is 2-3 times the mass of the garlic aerial bulb, more preferably 2.5 times; the preferred amount of pelletized filler is 2-4 times the mass of the garlic aerial bulb, more preferably 3 times.

[0030] In the present invention, the pelletized filler is preferably coated in a coating pelletizer at a rotation speed of 100-140 r / min, more preferably 120 r / min.

[0031] In the present invention, it is preferred that after the pelletization is completed, the garlic aerial bulbs are placed in a ventilated place to dry for 2-3 days, and further preferably, unattached fillers and naked aerial bulbs are sieved to remove them, and they are sown in time. It is more preferred that the aerial bulb particles after pelletization are enlarged and increased in weight, and they are sown at a density of 60,000 to 80,000 grains per mu.

[0032] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] A garlic aerial bulb pelletized filler, the raw materials of which are as follows by mass:

[0035] 60% diatomaceous earth (particle size 400 mesh), 10% pharmaceutical grade sodium stearate, 24.7% corn flour, 0.3% urea, 5% brown sugar. Weigh each raw material by mass and mix well.

[0036] Example 2

[0037] A garlic aerial bulb pelletized filler, the raw materials of which are as follows by mass:

[0038] 40% diatomaceous earth (particle size 300 mesh), 20% pharmaceutical grade sodium stearate, 40% corn flour. Weigh each raw material by mass and mix well.

[0039] Example 3

[0040] A garlic aerial bulb pelletized filler, the raw materials of which are as follows by mass:

[0041] Diatomaceous earth (particle size 500 mesh) 80%, potato flour 12%, sweet potato flour 1.5%, urea 0.5%, brown sugar 3%, glucose 3%. Weigh each raw material by mass and mix well.

[0042] Example 4

[0043] A garlic aerial bulb pelletized filler, the raw materials of which are as follows by mass:

[0044] Diatomaceous earth (particle size 350 mesh) 70%, corn flour 20%, wheat flour 8%, glucose 1%, maltose 1%. Weigh each raw material by mass and mix well.

[0045] Example 5

[0046] A garlic aerial bulb pelletized filler, the raw materials of which are as follows by mass:

[0047] 50% diatomaceous earth (particle size 450 mesh), 10% pharmaceutical grade sodium stearate, 30% corn flour, 6% wheat flour, 4% brown sugar. Weigh each raw material by mass and mix well.

[0048] Example 6

[0049] A garlic aerial bulb pelletized filler, the raw materials of which are as follows by mass:

[0050] 45% diatomaceous earth (particle size 400 mesh), 15% pharmaceutical grade sodium stearate, 39.9% potato flour, 0.1% urea. Weigh each raw material by mass and mix well.

[0051] Example 7

[0052] A method for pelletizing garlic aerial bulbs, comprising the following steps:

[0053] (1) Material selection

[0054] Aerial bulbs with full grains, normal color, no mildew and no insect eyes were selected for seed propagation. The aerial bulbs were divided into two grades with a sieve with a pore size of 5 mm. Small-grained aerial bulbs with a diameter of less than 0.5 cm and a thousand-grain weight of 60-70 g were used for pelleting.

[0055] (2) Preparation of pelletized materials

[0056] First, prepare a 3% sodium alginate aqueous solution as a binder, weigh 2.5 times the weight of the aerial bulbs into a heatable container, slowly add the sodium alginate, stir while adding, and heat to promote dissolution until it is completely dissolved in the water into a gel; then prepare a pelletized filler at 3 times the weight of the aerial bulbs, and the filler formula is the same as in Example 1.

[0057] (3) Pelletization of aerial bulbs

[0058] Add small-grain aerial bulbs into a coating pelletizing machine with a rotation speed of 120r / min, start the machine to rotate, and slowly pour in the sodium alginate binder. When the binder is attached to the surface of the aerial bulbs, sprinkle in the pelletized filler. When the surface of the aerial bulbs is coated with a loose layer of pelletized filler powder, pour in the adhesive. When another layer of adhesive is attached to the surface of the aerial bulbs, sprinkle in the filler again. Repeat this process until the filler and adhesive are used up and the aerial bulb pelletizing is completed.

[0059] (4) Pelletizing and air drying of aerial bulbs

[0060] The pelletized aerial bulbs are placed in a ventilated place indoors to air-dry for 3 days, and the unattached pelletized fillers and bare aerial bulbs are sieved to remove them, and the seeds are sown in time.

[0061] Example 8

[0062] A method for pelletizing garlic aerial bulbs, comprising the following steps:

[0063] (1) Material selection

[0064] Aerial bulbs with full grains, normal color, no mildew and no insect eyes were selected for seed propagation. The aerial bulbs were divided into two grades with a sieve with a pore size of 5 mm. Small-grained aerial bulbs with a diameter of less than 0.5 cm and a thousand-grain weight of 50-65 g were used for pelleting.

[0065] (2) Preparation of pelletized materials

[0066] First, prepare a 2% sodium alginate aqueous solution as a binder, weigh water twice the weight of the aerial bulbs into a heatable container, slowly add the sodium alginate, stir while adding, and heat to promote dissolution until it is completely dissolved in the water into a gel; then prepare a pelletized filler twice the weight of the aerial bulbs, and the filler formula is as in Example 2.

[0067] (3) Pelletization of aerial bulbs

[0068] Add small-grain aerial bulbs into a coating pelletizing machine with a rotation speed of 100r / min, start the machine to rotate, slowly pour in sodium alginate binder, wait for the binder to adhere to the surface of the aerial bulbs, then sprinkle in the pelletized filler, wait until the surface of the aerial bulbs is coated with a loose layer of pelletized filler powder, pour in the adhesive, wait for another layer of adhesive to adhere to the surface of the aerial bulbs, sprinkle in the filler again, and repeat this process until the filler and adhesive are used up and the aerial bulb pelletizing is completed.

[0069] (4) Pelletizing and air drying of aerial bulbs

[0070] The pelletized aerial bulbs were placed in a ventilated place indoors to air-dry for 2 days, and the unattached pelletized fillers and bare aerial bulbs were sieved to remove them, and the seeds were sown in time.

[0071] Example 9

[0072] A method for pelletizing garlic aerial bulbs, comprising the following steps:

[0073] (1) Material selection

[0074] Aerial bulbs with full grains, normal color, no mildew and no insect eyes were selected for seed propagation. The aerial bulbs were divided into two grades with a sieve with a pore size of 5 mm. Small-grained aerial bulbs with a diameter of less than 0.5 cm and a thousand-grain weight of 65-80 g were used for pelleting.

[0075] (2) Preparation of pelletized materials

[0076] First, prepare a 4% sodium alginate aqueous solution as a binder, weigh 3 times the weight of the aerial bulbs into a heatable container, slowly add the sodium alginate, stir while adding, and heat to promote dissolution until it is completely dissolved in the water into a gel; then prepare a pelletized filler at 4 times the weight of the aerial bulbs, and the filler formula is as in Example 3.

[0077] (3) Pelletization of aerial bulbs

[0078] Add small-grain aerial bulbs into a coating pelletizing machine with a rotation speed of 140r / min, start the machine to rotate, and slowly pour in the sodium alginate binder. When the binder is attached to the surface of the aerial bulbs, sprinkle in the pelletized filler. When the surface of the aerial bulbs is coated with a loose layer of pelletized filler powder, pour in the adhesive. When another layer of adhesive is attached to the surface of the aerial bulbs, sprinkle in the filler again. Repeat this process until the filler and adhesive are used up and the aerial bulb pelletizing is completed.

[0079] (4) Pelletizing and air drying of aerial bulbs

[0080] The pelletized aerial bulbs are placed in a ventilated place indoors to air-dry for 3 days, and the unattached pelletized fillers and bare aerial bulbs are sieved to remove them, and the seeds are sown in time.

[0081] Test Example 1

[0082] In 2023, the smallest aerial bulbs of Ershuizao with a thousand-grain weight of 58g were pelletized. There are 7 filler formulas, namely:

[0083] Formula 1: 80% 300-mesh diatomaceous earth, 20% medicinal grade corn flour;

[0084] Formula 2: 60% 300-mesh diatomaceous earth, 40% medicinal grade corn flour;

[0085] Formula 3: 60% 300-mesh diatomaceous earth, 20% pharmaceutical grade sodium stearate, 20% pharmaceutical grade corn flour;

[0086] Formula 4: 300 mesh diatomaceous earth 40%, pharmaceutical grade sodium stearate 20%, pharmaceutical grade corn flour 40%;

[0087] Formula 5: 300 mesh diatomaceous earth 80%, medicinal grade corn flour 14%, edible brown sugar 6%;

[0088] Formula 6: 300 mesh diatomaceous earth 80%, medicinal grade corn flour 19.8%, agricultural urea 0.2%;

[0089] Formula 7: 300 mesh diatomaceous earth 80%, medicinal grade corn flour 13.8%, agricultural urea 0.2%, edible brown sugar 6%;

[0090] Control 1 (CK1): Dishuizao conventional garlic seed;

[0091] Control 2 (CK2): The smallest aerial bulb of the dishuizao without pelletization had a thousand-grain weight of 58 g.

[0092] The survey results are shown in Table 1. The emergence rates of the seven formulas were not as high as CK1, but were higher than CK2. Among them, the emergence rate of formula 7 was the highest. The bolting rates of the seven formulas were close to CK1 and more than 2 times higher than CK2. The garlic yields of the seven formulas were higher than the two controls. Among them, the garlic yield of formula 6 was the highest, which was 2.361kg / m 2 , 31.4% higher than CK1 and 108.4% higher than CK2. The weight of garlic heads in formulas 1-7 all reached 20g or more, and can be marketed as commodities. Among them, the weight of garlic heads in formula 1 (26.6g) was the largest, 2.77 times that of CK2, and close to CK1.

[0093] Table 12023 Dihydrate Early Pelletization Test Survey

[0094]

[0095] Test Example 2

[0096] In 2024, the smallest aerial bulbs of Cheng Suan Zao No. 2 with a thousand-grain weight of 71g were pelletized and the effects of four filler formulas were compared. Among them:

[0097] Formula 1: 60% 300-mesh diatomaceous earth, 40% medicinal grade corn flour;

[0098] Formula 2: 60% 300-mesh diatomaceous earth, 37% medicinal-grade corn flour, 3% edible-grade brown sugar;

[0099] Formula 3: 60% 300-mesh diatomaceous earth, 39.5% medicinal-grade corn flour, and 0.5% agricultural urea;

[0100] Formula 4: 60% 300-mesh diatomaceous earth, 36.5% medicinal-grade corn flour, 0.5% agricultural urea, and 3% edible-grade brown sugar;

[0101] Control 1 (CK1): Chengsuanzao 2, a conventional garlic variety;

[0102] Control 2 (CK2): The smallest aerial bulb of Garlic Early No. 2 which was not pelletized and had a thousand-grain weight of 71 g.

[0103] The survey results are shown in Table 2. The germination rates of the four formulas are not as high as CK1, but are higher than CK2. Among them, formula 4 has the highest germination rate, which is 85.2% higher than CK2. The bolting rates of the four formulas are close to CK1, which are more than 1 times higher than CK2. The garlic yield of the four formulas is slightly higher than CK1, which is 26.3%-45.7% higher than CK2. The weight of a single garlic head in the four formulas is 11-16g, which is 41.7%-90.5% higher than CK2, and can all be listed as commodities.

[0104] Table 2 Questionnaire for the pelleting test of Chengsuan Zao No. 2 in 2024

[0105]

[0106] Test Example 3

[0107] In 2024, the smallest aerial bulbs of Chengsuanzao No. 2 with a thousand-grain weight of 71 g were pelletized, and the pelletizing effects of corn flour from different sources were compared.

[0108] Formula 1: 60% 300-mesh diatomaceous earth, 40% medicinal grade corn flour;

[0109] Formula 5: 80% 300-mesh diatomaceous earth, 20% medicinal grade corn flour;

[0110] Formula 6: 60% 300-mesh diatomaceous earth, 40% food-grade corn flour;

[0111] Formula 7: 80% 300-mesh diatomaceous earth, 20% food-grade corn flour;

[0112] Control 1 (CK1): Chengsuanzao 2, a conventional garlic variety;

[0113] Control 2 (CK2): The smallest aerial bulb of Garlic Early No. 2 which was not pelletized and had a thousand-grain weight of 71 g.

[0114] The survey results are shown in Table 3. There is no significant difference in the pelletizing effect between medicinal-grade corn flour and edible-grade corn flour. Both can be used as raw materials for pelletizing fillers of garlic aerial bulbs.

[0115] Table 3 Comparison of the effect of corn flour from different sources on pelleting of Chengsuanzao No. 2 in 2024

[0116]

[0117] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A garlic aerial bulb pelletized filler, characterized in that: The composition comprises, by mass, 40%-80% diatomaceous earth, 10%-40% plant starch, 0-6% sugar, 0-0.5% urea and 0-20% sodium stearate; the plant starch is selected from one or more of corn flour, wheat flour, sweet potato flour and potato flour; the sugar is selected from one or more of brown sugar, glucose and maltose.

2. The pelletized filler according to claim 1, characterized in that The diatomaceous earth particle size is 300-500 meshes.

3. The pelletized filler according to claim 1, characterized in that In terms of mass, the plant starch accounts for 13.8%-39.5%, and the urea accounts for 0.2%-0.5%.

4. Use of the pelletized filler according to any one of claims 1 to 3 in pelletizing garlic aerial bulbs.

5. A method for pelletizing garlic aerial bulbs, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: attaching an adhesive to the surface of the garlic aerial bulb, and then wrapping a layer of the pelletized filler according to any one of claims 1 to 3; attaching an adhesive again and wrapping a layer of the pelletized filler, and wrapping repeatedly.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The diameter of the garlic aerial bulb is less than 0.5 cm, and the thousand-grain weight is 50-80 g.

7. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The binder is a sodium alginate aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 2%-4%.

8. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The amount of the binder used is 2-3 times the mass of the garlic aerial bulbs; the amount of the pelletized filler used is 2-4 times the mass of the garlic aerial bulbs.

9. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The coating and pelletizing of the filler is carried out in a coating and pelletizing machine at a rotation speed of 100-140 r / min.

10. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that It also includes placing the garlic aerial bulbs in a ventilated place to dry for 2-3 days after the pelletization is completed.

Images