Strong alkali blocking remover capsule, preparation method thereof and targeted comprehensive blocking removal method

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of oil-water well perforation shot hole unblocking, and particularly discloses a strong base unblocking agent capsule, a preparation method thereof and a targeted comprehensive unblocking method. A strong alkali blocking remover capsule comprises a capsule film shell and a strong alkali blocking remover wrapped in the capsule film shell, the capsule film shell is a multi-layer capsule film, and the strong alkali blocking remover is prepared from, by weight, 20-40 parts of alkaline earth metal hydroxide, 0.5-1 part of metal complexing agent, 0.5-0.8 part of permeation dispersing agent and 5-8 parts of demulsifying agent; the alkaline earth metal hydroxide is at least one of potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide; the alkaline earth metal hydroxide is combined with the metal complexing agent, the permeation dispersing agent and the demulsifying agent, so that the alkaline earth metal hydroxide can chemically react with organic blockages such as colloid and asphaltene, micelles formed by asphaltene adsorption resin and oil can be promoted to be damaged, and the organic blockages are further effectively removed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of oil and water well perforation blasthole unblocking, and in particular to a strong alkaline unblocking agent capsule and a preparation method thereof, as well as a targeted comprehensive unblocking method. Background Art

[0002] With the long-term exploitation of oil wells, the formation energy continues to decline, and the temperature and pressure also decrease accordingly. In particular, the flow mechanism changes at the blasthole, from microscopic seepage in the formation to macroscopic pipe flow in the blasthole and wellbore. The changes in temperature, pressure and flow state lead to changes in the formation fluid composition and phase changes in some fluids. The change in fluid composition causes the light components to separate from the fluid, leaving behind the heavier components. The phase change of the light components causes the temperature to drop further, and the viscosity of the heavier components remains increases. Among them, the heavy components of colloid and asphaltene are more likely to settle when they encounter crystal nuclei, separate from the fluid, and adsorb at the connection between the blasthole and the formation pores, causing the perforation blasthole to be blocked.

[0003] In the process of oil and gas field development, plugging removal is a key technical link. At present, the common plugging removal technologies include blasthole acid cleaning and acidizing, small-scale pressure cracking, hydraulic flushing, temperature stimulation and viscosity reduction, and microbial treatment.

[0004] However, pickling is more suitable for inorganic blockage caused by foreign fluids entering the formation during the operation, causing formation pollution, but is not suitable for organic blockage caused by heavy components such as colloids and asphaltene. Small-scale fracturing is a generally applicable and very effective method for unblocking. Its disadvantages are that it requires a large amount of engineering work and special equipment, and fracturing is mainly a means of transforming the formation. Hydraulic flushing is effective for some perforated blastholes close to the wellbore, but it is not effective for unblocking deep blastholes far from the wellbore. Increasing the temperature can reduce viscosity, but it is difficult to reduce the viscosity of heavy components such as colloids and asphaltene to a level that allows them to flow under formation pressure by simply increasing the temperature. Microbial treatment technology has a long cycle and slow effect, so it is suitable for old oil fields with intermittent production, but not for oil fields with normal production. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to more effectively remove the complex blockages in the perforation holes of oil and water wells, the present application provides a strong alkaline blockage remover capsule and a preparation method thereof as well as a targeted comprehensive blockage removal method.

[0006] In the first aspect, the present application provides a strong alkaline blocking agent capsule, which adopts the following technical solution: A strong alkaline plugging remover capsule comprises a capsule membrane shell and a strong alkaline plugging remover coated inside the capsule membrane shell, wherein the capsule membrane shell is a multi-layer capsule membrane, and the strong alkaline plugging remover comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-40 parts of alkaline earth metal hydroxide, 0.5-1 part of metal complexing agent, 0.5-0.8 part of penetrating dispersant, and 5-8 parts of demulsifier; the alkaline earth metal hydroxide is at least one of potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide.

[0007] By adopting the above technical scheme, potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide, as the main components of the strong alkaline plugging remover, can react chemically with organic plugs such as colloids and asphaltene, which can cause the micelles formed by the adsorption of resin and oil by asphaltene to be destroyed, reduce the viscosity of the plug, and effectively remove the organic plug. Alkaline earth metal hydroxides and penetrating dispersants synergize, and penetrating dispersants have good surface activity, which can reduce interfacial tension, improve the permeability of strong alkaline plugging removers, and promote better dissolution of organic plugs, thereby achieving efficient plugging removal effects. The use of metal chelating agents can form stable complexes with iron ions, magnesium ions, etc. contained in oil and water well blockages, reduce the combination of these metal ions with alkaline earth metal hydroxides and other plugging agent components, asphaltene and other organic matter, thereby reducing the generation of new organic blockages, preventing the occurrence of secondary precipitation, and improving the plugging removal effect of strong alkaline plugging removers. Penetrating dispersants can enable strong alkaline plugging removers to penetrate deeper into the blockages, and demulsifiers can help separate oil-water emulsions and destroy the structure of the emulsions. The synergistic effect of the two can effectively remove blockages, reduce the viscosity of blockages, and improve the flow characteristics of the underlying fluid.

[0008] Preferably, the demulsifier is polyacrylate, and the metal complexing agent is at least one of trisodium ethylenediaminetriacetate and trisodium nitrilotriacetate.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, polyacrylate can reduce the viscosity of the blockage, improve fluidity, and thus promote the strong alkaline blockage remover to penetrate deeper into the interior of the blockage, increase the contact area between the blockage remover and the blockage, and more effectively remove the blockage. Ethylenediamine triacetic acid trisodium salt and nitrilotriacetic acid trisodium can form a stable complex with the metal ions in the blockage, reduce the generation of secondary precipitation, and improve the blockage removal efficiency of the blockage remover.

[0010] Preferably, the penetrating dispersant is at least one of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, and polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester.

[0011] Preferably, the capsule membrane shell comprises a polyvinyl alcohol layer and a hydroxypropyl starch layer, and the hydroxypropyl starch layer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-80 parts of hydroxypropyl starch, 5-8 parts of toughening rubber, 0.3-0.5 parts of cross-linking agent, and 3-5 parts of glycerol.

[0012] By adopting the above technical scheme, hydroxypropyl starch can make the capsule membrane shell have good water solubility, and make the strong alkaline plugging agent capsule be able to release the plugging agent in time after being transported to the target unblocking position. At the same time, hydroxypropyl starch has good alkali resistance, which can make the strong alkaline plugging agent capsule have good structural stability during transportation and downhole. Toughening glue can improve the toughness and impact resistance of the hydroxypropyl starch capsule membrane, ensure that the capsule can safely reach the target unblocking position in a complex underground environment, reduce the risk of capsule rupture, and improve the use efficiency of the unblocking agent. The cross-linking agent can form a three-dimensional network structure by reacting with the hydroxyl group in the hydroxypropyl starch molecule, thereby improving the strength and structural stability of the capsule membrane. Glycerol can increase the flexibility of the capsule membrane, make the capsule membrane dissolve evenly, ensure the uniform release of the unblocking agent, and improve the unblocking effect.

[0013] Preferably, the toughening glue is at least one of polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl starch and guar gum.

[0014] Preferably, the cross-linking agent is sodium trimetaphosphate.

[0015] Preferably, the polyvinyl alcohol layer comprises polyvinyl alcohol and gelatin, and the mass ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol to gelatin is (7-9):1.

[0016] By adopting the above technical scheme, the adhesion of gelatin can enhance the bonding between polyvinyl alcohol and improve the strength of the capsule membrane. At the same time, polyvinyl alcohol has good alkali resistance, which can ensure the structural stability of the capsule membrane, and enable the strong alkaline unblocking agent capsule to release the unblocking agent in time after reaching the target unblocking position, thereby improving the unblocking efficiency.

[0017] In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing a strong alkaline blocking agent capsule, using the following technical solution: A method for preparing a strong alkaline blocking agent capsule comprises the following specific steps: Alkaline earth metal hydroxide, metal complexing agent, penetrating dispersant and demulsifier are mixed and stirred evenly to obtain a strong base blocking agent; the strong base blocking agent is injected into the capsule membrane shell to obtain a strong base blocking agent capsule, and the ratio of the volume of the strong base blocking agent to the total volume of the strong base blocking agent capsule is (0.75-0.85):1.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, the prepared strong alkaline plugging remover capsules have low equipment requirements, simple construction operation, low cost and high plugging removal efficiency.

[0019] Preferably, the method comprises the following specific steps: dissolving hydroxypropyl starch, toughening glue, cross-linking agent and glycerol in water, heating to 80-90°C and stirring evenly to obtain a hydroxypropyl starch mixed solution, casting the hydroxypropyl starch mixed solution on a mold, and drying to form a hydroxypropyl starch film; then mixing polyvinyl alcohol and gelatin, coating the mixture on the surface of the hydroxypropyl starch film, and drying to form a capsule film shell; injecting a strong alkali blockage remover into the capsule film shell to obtain a strong alkali blockage remover capsule, wherein the ratio of the volume of the strong alkali blockage remover to the total volume of the strong alkali blockage remover capsule is (0.75-0.85):1.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, the polyvinyl alcohol layer and the hydroxypropyl starch layer jointly form a protective barrier to ensure that the strong alkaline plugging agent is not prematurely activated or leaked during transportation and downhole operation, while at the same time enabling the capsule membrane to have better strength and structural stability.

[0021] In the third aspect, the present application provides a targeted comprehensive blocking removal method of a strong alkaline blocking remover capsule, which adopts the following technical solution: A targeted comprehensive unblocking method using a strong alkali unblocking agent capsule, wherein the strong alkali unblocking agent capsule is transported to the perforation hole of an oil and water well, and the amount of the strong alkali unblocking agent capsule required for a single oil and water well is m=v / v 0 , v 0 is the volume of a single strong alkaline plugging remover capsule, v is the total volume of the perforation blasthole, and hot water of 85-95℃ is injected into the perforation blasthole of the oil and water well. The strong alkaline plugging remover capsule dissolves and releases the strong alkaline plugging remover, which splashes to the blockage, thus completing the targeted comprehensive unblocking of the strong alkaline plugging remover capsule.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, the strong alkaline plugging remover capsules are dissolved in hot water, and the strong alkaline plugging remover is splashed onto the perforation hole wall or the oil layer pore blockage. The strong alkaline plugging remover reacts with the organic blockage to generate a surfactant, which can significantly reduce the surface tension, improve fluidity, and effectively remove the organic blockage. At the same time, the high temperature generated by the strong alkaline plugging remover and water can accelerate the dissolution of the capsules, and the superheated water generated can accelerate the reaction speed of the plugging remover and the organic blockage, thereby improving the efficiency and success rate of plugging removal, achieving the effective decomposition and removal of complex blockages in the perforation hole wall and the oil layer pores. The targeted plugging removal technology also saves the use of chemicals.

[0023] In summary, this application has the following beneficial effects: 1. Since the present application uses alkaline earth metal hydroxide in combination with metal complexing agent, penetrating dispersant and demulsifier, it can react chemically with organic blockages such as colloid and asphaltene, and can destroy the micelles formed by asphaltene adsorbing resin and oil, thereby effectively removing organic blockages. At the same time, the polyvinyl alcohol layer and hydroxypropyl starch layer are used as the capsule membrane shell, which provides double protection, so that the strong alkaline plugging agent capsule has good structural stability and strength during transportation and downhole, ensuring that the capsule can safely reach the target unblocking position in a complex downhole environment, reducing the risk of capsule rupture and improving the use efficiency of the plugging agent.

[0024] 2. In the present application, the strong alkaline plugging remover capsules are directed to the perforation holes of the oil and water wells. The strong alkaline plugging remover capsules are dissolved in hot water, and the strong alkaline plugging remover is released to react with the organic blockages, thereby effectively removing the organic blockages, thereby achieving effective decomposition and directional removal of complex blockages in the perforation hole wall and oil layer pores. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present application is further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments.

[0026] All raw materials in the examples are commercially available. Example

[0027] Example 1 The present embodiment provides a strong alkaline plugging remover capsule, comprising a capsule membrane shell and a strong alkaline plugging remover coated inside the capsule membrane shell, the capsule membrane shell comprising a polyvinyl alcohol layer and a hydroxypropyl starch layer, the polyvinyl alcohol layer comprising polyvinyl alcohol and gelatin, the molecular weight of the polyvinyl alcohol being 200,000, and the mass ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol to the gelatin being 8:1, the hydroxypropyl starch layer comprising hydroxypropyl starch and guar gum, and the mass ratio of the hydroxypropyl starch to the guar gum being 10:1.

[0028] The strong alkaline blocking agent includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30g of alkaline earth metal hydroxide, 0.8g of metal complexing agent, 0.7g of penetrating dispersant, and 7g of demulsifier; wherein the alkaline earth metal hydroxide is potassium hydroxide, the penetrating dispersant is fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether AEO-3, the metal complexing agent is trisodium nitrilotriacetate, and the demulsifier is polyacrylate BH-512.

[0029] The preparation method of the strong alkaline blocking agent capsule comprises the following specific steps: S1: Alkaline earth metal hydroxide, metal complexing agent, penetrating dispersant and demulsifier are mixed and stirred to obtain a strong alkaline plugging remover; hydroxypropyl starch and guar gum are dissolved in water, heated to 80°C and stirred to obtain a strong alkaline plugging remover; the mixture is cast on a mold and dried to form a hydroxypropyl starch film; polyvinyl alcohol and gelatin are dissolved in water and stirred to obtain a strong alkaline plugging remover; the mixture is coated on the surface of the hydroxypropyl starch film and dried to obtain a polyvinyl alcohol film layer; the thickness ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol film layer to the hydroxypropyl starch film layer is 2:1 to obtain a capsule film shell.

[0030] S2: The strong alkaline blocking agent is injected into the hollow space in the outer shell of the capsule membrane to obtain a strong alkaline blocking agent capsule. The ratio of the volume of the strong alkaline blocking agent to the total volume of the strong alkaline blocking agent capsule is 0.8:1.

[0031] The targeted comprehensive blocking removal method of the strong alkaline blocking remover capsule includes the following specific steps: Use diesel to transport the strong alkaline plugging remover capsules to the perforation holes of the oil and water wells. The amount of strong alkaline plugging remover capsules required for a single oil and water well is m=v / v 0 , v 0 is the volume of a single strong alkaline plugging remover capsule, v is the total volume of the perforation hole, and hot water at 90°C is injected into the perforation hole of the oil and water well. The strong alkaline plugging remover capsule dissolves and releases the strong alkaline plugging remover, which splashes to the blockage, thus completing the targeted comprehensive unblocking of the strong alkaline plugging remover capsule.

[0032] Example 2 The difference between Example 2 and Example 1 is that the amount of alkaline earth metal hydroxide used in the raw material of the strong alkaline plugging remover is 20g, the amount of metal complexing agent used is 1g, the amount of penetrating dispersant used is 0.5g, and the amount of demulsifier used is 8g.

[0033] Example 3 The difference between Example 3 and Example 1 is that the amount of alkaline earth metal hydroxide used in the raw material of the strong base plugging remover is 40g, the amount of metal complexing agent used is 0.5g, the amount of penetrating dispersant used is 0.8g, and the amount of demulsifier used is 5g.

[0034] Example 4 The difference between Example 4 and Example 1 is that the alkaline earth metal hydroxide in the raw material of the strong alkaline plugging remover is sodium hydroxide.

[0035] Example 5 The difference between Example 5 and Example 1 is that the metal complexing agent in the raw material of the strong alkaline plugging remover is trisodium ethylenediaminetriacetate.

[0036] Example 6 The difference between Example 6 and Example 1 is that the hydroxypropyl starch layer of the capsule membrane shell includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70g of hydroxypropyl starch, 6g of toughening glue, 0.4g of cross-linking agent, and 4g of glycerol. The toughening glue is guar gum, and the cross-linking agent is sodium trimetaphosphate. The preparation method of the strong alkaline plugging remover capsule includes the following specific steps: S1: Alkaline earth metal hydroxide, metal chelating agent, penetrating dispersant and demulsifier are mixed and stirred to obtain a strong alkaline plugging remover; hydroxypropyl starch, toughening glue, cross-linking agent and glycerol are dissolved in water, heated to 80°C and stirred to obtain a strong alkaline plugging remover; the mixture is cast on a mold and dried to form a hydroxypropyl starch film; polyvinyl alcohol and gelatin are dissolved in water and stirred to obtain a strong alkaline plugging remover; a polyvinyl alcohol film layer is coated on the surface of the hydroxypropyl starch film and dried to obtain a polyvinyl alcohol film layer; the thickness ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol film layer to the hydroxypropyl starch film layer is 2:1 to obtain a capsule film shell.

[0037] S2: The strong alkaline blocking agent is injected into the hollow space in the outer shell of the capsule membrane to obtain a strong alkaline blocking agent capsule. The ratio of the volume of the strong alkaline blocking agent to the total volume of the strong alkaline blocking agent capsule is 0.8:1.

[0038] The targeted comprehensive blocking removal method of the strong alkaline blocking remover capsule includes the following specific steps: Use diesel to transport the strong alkaline plugging remover capsules to the perforation holes of the oil and water wells. The amount of strong alkaline plugging remover capsules required for a single oil and water well is m=v / v 0 , v 0 is the volume of a single strong alkaline plugging remover capsule, v is the total volume of the perforation hole, and hot water at 90°C is injected into the perforation hole of the oil and water well. The strong alkaline plugging remover capsule dissolves and releases the strong alkaline plugging remover, which splashes to the blockage, thus completing the targeted comprehensive unblocking of the strong alkaline plugging remover capsule.

[0039] Example 7 The difference between Example 7 and Example 6 is that the amount of hydroxypropyl starch used in the raw material of the hydroxypropyl starch layer of the capsule membrane shell is 60g, the amount of toughening rubber used is 5g, the amount of cross-linking agent used is 0.3g, and the amount of glycerol used is 3g.

[0040] Example 8 The difference between Example 8 and Example 6 is that the amount of hydroxypropyl starch used in the raw material of the hydroxypropyl starch layer of the capsule membrane shell is 60g, the amount of toughening glue used is 5g, the amount of cross-linking agent used is 0.3g, and the amount of glycerol used is 3g.

[0041] Example 9 The difference between Example 9 and Example 6 is that the mass ratio of polyvinyl alcohol to gelatin in the polyvinyl alcohol layer of the capsule membrane shell is 7:1.

[0042] Example 10 The difference between Example 10 and Example 6 is that the mass ratio of polyvinyl alcohol to gelatin in the polyvinyl alcohol layer of the capsule membrane shell is 9:1.

[0043] Comparative Example Comparative Example 1 The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is that the capsule shell of the strong alkaline plugging remover capsule is a polyvinyl alcohol capsule membrane.

[0044] The preparation method of the strong alkaline blocking agent capsule comprises the following specific steps: S1: Alkaline earth metal hydroxide, metal complexing agent, penetrating dispersant and demulsifier are mixed and stirred evenly to obtain a strong alkaline blocking agent; polyvinyl alcohol and gelatin are dissolved in water, stirred evenly, cast on a mold, dried to form a capsule membrane shell.

[0045] S2: The strong alkaline blocking agent is injected into the hollow space in the outer shell of the capsule membrane to obtain a strong alkaline blocking agent capsule. The ratio of the volume of the strong alkaline blocking agent to the total volume of the strong alkaline blocking agent capsule is 0.8:1.

[0046] Comparative Example 2 The difference between Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 is that the capsule membrane shell in the strong alkaline plugging remover capsule is a hydroxypropyl starch capsule membrane.

[0047] The preparation method of the strong alkaline blocking agent capsule comprises the following specific steps: S1: Alkaline earth metal hydroxide, metal complexing agent, penetrating dispersant and demulsifier are mixed and stirred evenly to obtain a strong alkaline plugging remover; hydroxypropyl starch and guar gum are dissolved in water, heated to 80°C and stirred evenly, cast on a mold, and dry the capsule membrane shell.

[0048] S2: The strong alkaline blocking agent is injected into the hollow space in the outer shell of the capsule membrane to obtain a strong alkaline blocking agent capsule. The ratio of the volume of the strong alkaline blocking agent to the total volume of the strong alkaline blocking agent capsule is 0.8:1.

[0049] Performance testing According to the strong alkaline blocking agent capsules and the targeted comprehensive blocking removal method thereof provided in Examples 1-10 and Comparative Examples 1-2 of the present application, the following performance tests were performed, and the specific test results are shown in Table 1.

[0050] Detection Methods 1. Blockage-relieving effect Before unblocking, measure the wellhead pressure first. If the pressure is 0, measure the liquid level, record the wellhead pressure or liquid level depth, use strong alkaline unblocking agent capsules for unblocking, and return the flow in time after 15 hours of operation. If there is pressure at the wellhead, arrange for self-flowing return flow, and if there is no pressure at the wellhead, arrange for artificial lifting return flow. After return flow, continuous production can be met, indicating that the liquid flow channel has been connected, the oil layer is adequately supplied with liquid, and the unblocking is successful.

[0051] 2. Blockage Relief Rate 20.0g of spherical oil well organic plugging was placed in a 150mL conical flask, and then 60.0g of the strong alkaline plugging remover capsule prepared in this application was added to the conical flask, and finally 20.0g of 90°C hot water was added, and the conical flask was sealed. After standing for 10 minutes, it was manually shaken for 5 minutes, and the manual vibration frequency was 10 times / minute. After unblocking, the residual oil well plugging was separated, and the separated residual oil well organic plugging was dried and weighed to obtain the residual amount of oil well organic plugging, and the unblocking rate was calculated for 1, 3, 5, and 10 hours of unblocking.

[0052] Table 1: Performance test results data table It can be seen from the performance test results that the strong alkaline unblocking agent capsule prepared by the present application can be ready to reach the unblocking position, successfully clear the blockage at the oil and water well perforation blasthole, and has high unblocking efficiency and unblocking success rate. By combining alkaline earth metal hydroxide with metal complexing agent, penetrating dispersant, and demulsifier, chemical reaction occurs with organic blockages such as colloid and asphaltene, which can cause the micelles formed by asphaltene adsorption resin and oil to be destroyed, and effectively clear the blockage in a short time. By comparing comparative examples 1-2 with embodiment 1, it can be seen that comparative example 1 only uses polyvinyl alcohol capsule membrane, and comparative example 2 only uses hydroxypropyl starch capsule membrane. It can be seen from the performance test results that comparative example 1 can effectively clear the blockage at the oil and water well perforation blasthole, but in the actual unblocking process, more blockages remain, and the unblocking rate reaches 75% at most after 10 hours, and the unblocking effect is significantly reduced. The strong alkaline plugging remover capsules prepared in Comparative Example 2 failed to remove the blockage. This may be because the hydroxypropyl starch capsule membrane ruptured during transportation to the oil well, and the strong alkaline plugging remover was released prematurely, making it impossible to effectively remove the blockage at the perforation hole of the oil and water well.

[0053] This specific embodiment is merely an explanation of the present application and is not a limitation of the present application. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art may make modifications to the present embodiment without any creative contribution as needed, but such modifications are protected by the patent law as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A strong alkaline blocking agent capsule, characterized in that: The invention comprises a capsule membrane shell and a strong alkaline blocking remover coated inside the capsule membrane shell, wherein the capsule membrane shell is a multi-layer capsule membrane, and the strong alkaline blocking remover comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-40 parts of alkaline earth metal hydroxide, 0.5-1 part of metal complexing agent, 0.5-0.8 part of penetrating dispersant, and 5-8 parts of demulsifier; the alkaline earth metal hydroxide is at least one of potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide.

2. The strong alkaline blocking agent capsule according to claim 1, characterized in that: The demulsifier is polyacrylate, and the metal complexing agent is at least one of trisodium ethylenediaminetriacetate and trisodium nitrilotriacetate.

3. The strong alkaline blocking agent capsule according to claim 1, characterized in that: The penetrating dispersant is at least one of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, and polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester.

4. The strong alkaline blocking agent capsule according to claim 1, characterized in that: The capsule membrane shell comprises a polyvinyl alcohol layer and a hydroxypropyl starch layer, wherein the hydroxypropyl starch layer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-80 parts of hydroxypropyl starch, 5-8 parts of toughening rubber, 0.3-0.5 parts of crosslinking agent and 3-5 parts of glycerol.

5. The strong alkaline blocking agent capsule according to claim 4, characterized in that: The toughening gum is at least one of gum arabic, pectin and guar gum.

6. The strong alkaline blocking agent capsule according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cross-linking agent is sodium trimetaphosphate.

7. The strong alkaline blocking agent capsule according to claim 2, characterized in that: The polyvinyl alcohol layer includes polyvinyl alcohol and gelatin, and the mass ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol to gelatin is (7-9):

1.

8. A method for preparing the strong alkaline blocking agent capsule according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The specific steps include: Alkaline earth metal hydroxide, metal complexing agent, penetrating dispersant and demulsifier are mixed and stirred evenly to obtain a strong base plugging remover; the strong base plugging remover is injected into the capsule membrane shell to obtain a strong base plugging remover capsule, and the ratio of the volume of the strong base plugging remover to the total volume of the strong base plugging remover capsule is (0.75-0.85):

1.

9. The method for preparing the strong alkaline blocking agent capsule according to claim 8, characterized in that: The method comprises the following specific steps: dissolving hydroxypropyl starch, toughening glue, cross-linking agent and glycerol in water, heating to 80-90°C and stirring evenly to obtain a hydroxypropyl starch mixed solution, casting the hydroxypropyl starch mixed solution on a mold, and drying to form a hydroxypropyl starch film; then dissolving polyvinyl alcohol and gelatin in water, mixing them, coating them on the surface of the hydroxypropyl starch film, and drying to form a capsule film shell; injecting a strong alkali blocking agent into the capsule film shell to obtain a strong alkali blocking agent capsule, wherein the ratio of the volume of the strong alkali blocking agent to the total volume of the strong alkali blocking agent capsule is (0.75-0.85):

1.

10. A targeted comprehensive blocking removal method using a strong alkaline blocking remover capsule, characterized in that: The specific steps include: The strong alkali unblocking agent capsules described in claims 1-9 are transported to the perforation holes of oil and water wells. The amount of strong alkali unblocking agent capsules required for a single oil and water well is m=v / v0, where v0 is the volume of a single strong alkali unblocking agent capsule and v is the total volume of the perforation holes. Hot water at 85-95°C is injected into the perforation holes of the oil and water wells, and the strong alkali unblocking agent capsules are dissolved to release the strong alkali unblocking agent, which is then splashed onto the blockage, thus completing the targeted comprehensive unblocking of the strong alkali unblocking agent capsules.

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