Co-gasification device for coal and biomass materials

Abstract

The invention discloses a coal and biomass material co-gasification device, and relates to the technical field of fuel gasification devices, the coal and biomass material co-gasification device comprises a fixed bed gasification furnace and a fluidized bed gasification furnace, the bottom of the fixed bed gasification furnace is in through connection with the top of the fluidized bed gasification furnace; a vibrating feeder, a vibrating sorting machine, a funnel, a material crusher, a stirrer and a preheater which are used for raw material treatment are arranged at the upper end of the fixed bed gasification furnace, the interior of the fluidized bed gasification furnace is divided into a circulating fluidized bed gasification part and a fixed bed gasification part, and the circulating fluidized bed gasification part is located at the top of the fluidized bed gasification furnace; the fluidized bed gasification furnace has the advantages of high efficiency, low pollution, stable operation and stable raw material supply, and solves the problems of screen mesh blockage, material adhesion and low carbon conversion rate when the traditional fixed bed and fluidized bed gasification furnace are used for treating coal and biomass mixed raw materials.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fuel gasification devices, in particular to a coal and biomass material co-gasification device. Background Art

[0002] Against the backdrop of continued growth in global energy demand and increasing environmental awareness, the contradiction between energy supply and environmental protection has become increasingly prominent. my country's energy structure and utilization status have exacerbated this challenge. Traditional energy utilization methods are in urgent need of change, and the joint gasification technology of coal and biomass materials has come into being.

[0003] Biomass energy is a clean and renewable energy source and the fourth largest energy source in the world. It has large reserves, wide distribution, and many types in my country, and has low pollution emissions and good gasification reactivity. The annual production of major biomass resources in my country is about 3.494 billion tons, and the energy development potential is 460 million tons of standard coal. However, the gasification of biomass alone has problems such as low energy density, large seasonal supply impact, and high tar content. At present, biomass is mostly used through incineration, landfill and composting, which not only causes air pollution, but also wastes a lot of land resources.

[0004] In terms of existing gasifier technology, fixed bed and fluidized bed gasifiers are mainly used for the co-gasification of coal and biomass, but they each have their own defects. Although the fixed bed gasifier has a high carbon conversion rate and thermal efficiency, its main product is low calorific value coal gas, and contains a large amount of tar, grease, benzene, ammonia and other substances, which makes subsequent separation and purification difficult and costly; although the fluidized bed gasifier can produce clean coal gas with stable gas composition and calorific value, and low tar and ammonia content, the coal feeding and slag discharge in the gasification process are completed in the same furnace chamber, and a large amount of semi-coke is discharged with the slag, resulting in low carbon conversion rate, and also causing environmental pollution. In addition, when the existing equipment processes sticky materials or coal and biomass mixed raw materials with large particle size differences, problems such as screen clogging and material adhesion are prone to occur, which affects the screening efficiency and feeding uniformity, and then leads to unstable subsequent raw material supply. Therefore, a co-gasification device for coal and biomass materials is needed to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a coal and biomass material co-gasification device, which has the advantages of high efficiency, low pollution, stable operation and stable raw material supply, and solves the problems of screen clogging, material adhesion and low carbon conversion rate that occur in traditional fixed bed and fluidized bed gasifiers when processing coal and biomass mixed raw materials.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a coal and biomass material co-gasification device, comprising a fixed bed gasifier and a fluidized bed gasifier, wherein the bottom of the fixed bed gasifier is connected to the top of the fluidized bed gasifier, and the upper end of the fixed bed gasifier is provided with a vibrating feeder, a vibrating sorter, a hopper, a material crusher, a mixer and a preheater for raw material processing;

[0007] The fluidized bed gasifier is internally divided into a circulating fluidized bed gasifier and a fixed bed gasifier. The circulating fluidized bed gasifier is located at the top of the fluidized bed gasifier, and the fixed bed gasifier is located at the bottom of the fluidized bed gasifier.

[0008] A cyclone separator is arranged on the side end face of the fluidized bed gasification furnace, a smoke exhaust duct is arranged on the top of the cyclone separator, a central air distribution chamber is arranged on the bottom of the fluidized bed gasification furnace, a booster fan which is connected to the central air distribution chamber is arranged on the bottom of the fluidized bed gasification furnace, and the booster fan and the central air distribution chamber are connected by an air supply duct.

[0009] As a preferred device for co-gasification of coal and biomass materials of the present invention, the fixed bed gasifier, fluidized bed gasifier, cyclone separator and smoke exhaust duct are all provided with spiral coils, the preheater is provided with an insulation sleeve that passes through the spiral coil, the bottom of the insulation sleeve is provided with a first water outlet, the spiral coil is provided with a water inlet, and the spiral coil is provided with a second water outlet near the cyclone separator end.

[0010] As a preferred device for co-gasification of coal and biomass materials of the present invention, a peripheral air distribution chamber is arranged on the outer side of the top of the central air distribution chamber, an air distribution wing is arranged on the top of the peripheral air distribution chamber, a central air distribution plate is arranged on the top of the central air distribution chamber, and air outlets are evenly arranged on the upper end surfaces of the central air distribution plate and the air distribution wing.

[0011] As a preferred device for co-gasification of coal and biomass materials of the present invention, the bottom of the fluidized bed gasifier is provided with a slag outlet, and a scraper slag discharger is provided in the slag outlet.

[0012] As a preferred device for co-gasification of coal and biomass materials of the present invention, the vibration sorter includes a screening frame, a screen, an exciter, a turning frame and a cleaning mechanism, the screen is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the inner end surface of the screening frame, the screening frame and the turning frame are elastically connected by a spring, the exciter is fixedly mounted on the side end surface of the screening frame, the lower end surface of the turning frame is provided with an adjusting rod, and the adjusting rod is evenly provided with adjusting holes, the funnel includes a supporting seat and a material guide hopper, the turning frame is mounted on the supporting seat and is rotatably connected to the supporting seat by a hinge, and the supporting seat is provided with fixing bolts matching the adjusting holes.

[0013] As a preferred coal and biomass material co-gasification device of the present invention, the material crusher includes a crushing chamber, a first crushing roller, a second crushing roller, a reduction motor and a reflective cover, the crushing chamber is fixedly mounted on the turning frame, the first crushing roller and the second crushing roller are mounted in the crushing chamber and are rotatably connected thereto, the reflective cover is fixedly mounted on the upper end of the crushing chamber, the reduction motor is fixedly mounted on the side end surface of the crushing chamber, the second crushing roller is mounted on the output shaft of the reduction motor, the second motor is only provided with a second gear, and the first crushing roller is provided with a first gear meshing with the second gear.

[0014] As a preferred coal and biomass material co-gasification device of the present invention, the cleaning mechanism includes a positioning frame, a first slide rod, a second slide rod, a compression spring and a transmission shaft, the positioning frame is provided with a first guide rod, the front end surface of the first slide rod is provided with a first guide hole matching with the first guide rod, a connecting plate is provided on the right side of the first slide rod, a reciprocating screw rod is provided at the center of the transmission shaft, a screw hole matching with the reciprocating screw rod is provided on the connecting plate, the second slide rod is movably mounted on the first slide rod, and the second slide rod is provided with bristles matching with the screen.

[0015] As a preferred coal and biomass material co-gasification device of the present invention, a second guide rod is provided on the upper end face of the first slide rod, a second guide hole slidably matched with the second guide rod is provided on the second slide rod, the compression spring is sleeved on the second guide rod, the second slide rod is installed on the first slide rod and is elastically slidably connected to the first slide rod through the compression spring, and a wave vertical plate slidably matched with the second slide rod is provided on the fixed frame.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the coal and biomass material co-gasification device of the present invention, an extension rod is provided on the second slide rod, and a ball bearing which fits with the wave vertical plate is provided at the end of the extension rod.

[0017] As a preferred coal and biomass material co-gasification device of the present invention, a first synchronous wheel is arranged on the transmission shaft, a second synchronous wheel cooperating with the first synchronous wheel is arranged on the second crushing roller, and a synchronous belt for transmission is sleeved on the first synchronous wheel and the second synchronous wheel.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] 1. The present invention significantly improves energy utilization efficiency through a heat cycle system. The device sets up a double-circuit spiral coil system in a fixed-bed gasifier, a fluidized-bed gasifier, a cyclone separator and a smoke exhaust pipe: one circuit is wound around the inner wall of the gasifier to absorb reaction heat, and the heat energy is transferred to the preheater through the insulation sleeve to preheat the raw materials, thereby realizing the cascade utilization of the reaction waste heat; the other circuit is arranged in the flue gas channel to cool and condense the tail gas, while recovering the waste heat. The innovative double-circulation design not only solves the problem of serious waste heat waste in the traditional gasification system, but also improves the reaction activity of the raw materials through preheating treatment, thereby realizing the closed-loop utilization of energy.

[0020] 2. The present invention adopts a composite fluidized bed structure to achieve complete gasification of materials. By dividing the fluidized bed into a circulating fluidized bed at the top and a fixed bed gasification part at the bottom, and coordinating the partitioned air supply system of the central air distribution chamber and the peripheral air distribution chamber, a differentiated fluidized environment is formed. The central air distribution chamber uses a pressurized fan to achieve high-intensity air supply to form the main reaction zone, and the peripheral air distribution chamber forms an annular flow field through adjustable wind speed. The unique three-dimensional air distribution system solves the fluidization dead zone problem caused by uneven material particle size in traditional devices, and effectively disperses the agglomerated materials through the collision separation mechanism, which ultimately greatly reduces the carbon content of ash slag.

[0021] 3. The present invention integrates a vibrating feeder, a vibrating sorter, a hopper, a material crusher, a mixer and a preheater to pretreat the raw materials. With the automatic cleaning mechanism with a wave plate guide, it can process sticky materials with a moisture content of less than 15% without clogging. The pretreatment system is connected to the gasifier through a sealed funnel to form a closed material channel. The whole system realizes full-process automation from raw material screening, crushing to preheating, which reduces manual intervention compared with traditional devices, improves the continuity of equipment operation, and effectively solves the problem of unstable feeding caused by biomass raw materials that are easy to clog the screen and have poor fluidity. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the material sorting machine, the hopper and the material crusher in the first perspective of the cooperation state of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the material sorting machine, the hopper and the material crusher in the second viewing angle of the present invention in the coordinated state;

[0025] Figure 4 It is a right view of the material sorting machine, the hopper and the material crusher of the present invention in the coordinated state;

[0026] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 Middle AA section;

[0027] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the transmission structure between the cleaning mechanism and the crushing roller of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7 It is a top view of the cleaning mechanism and the crushing roller disc of the present invention in cooperation state;

[0029] Figure 8 An exploded view of the cleaning mechanism of the present invention;

[0030] Fig. 9 For the present invention Figure 8 Enlarged view of point B in the middle;

[0031] Fig.10 For the present invention Figure 8 Enlarged view of center C.

[0032] In the figure: 1, fixed bed gasifier; 2, fluidized bed gasifier; 3, circulating fluidized bed gasifier; 4, fixed bed gasifier; 5, vibrating feeder; 6, vibrating sorter; 601, screening frame; 602, screen; 603, vibrator; 604, turning frame; 605, adjusting rod; 6051, adjusting hole; 6052, fixing bolt; 606, cleaning mechanism; 6061, positioning frame; 60611, first guide rod; 606 12. Wave vertical plate; 6062. First slide rod; 60621. First guide hole; 60622. Second guide rod; 60623. Slide groove; 60624. Connecting plate; 60625. Screw hole; 6063. Second slide rod; 60631. Brush; 60632. Second guide hole; 60633. Extension rod; 60634. Ball; 6064. Transmission shaft; 60641. Reciprocating screw rod; 60642. First same Step wheel; 6065, compression spring; 7, funnel; 701, support seat; 702, guide hopper; 8, material crusher; 801, crushing chamber; 802, first crushing roller; 8021, first gear; 803, second crushing roller; 8031, second gear; 8032, second synchronous wheel; 8033, synchronous belt; 804, reflector; 805, reduction motor; 9, mixer; 10, preheater; 11, feeding port; 1 2. Water inlet; 13. Spiral coil; 14. First water outlet; 15. Insulation sleeve; 16. Second water outlet; 17. Cyclone separator; 18. Smoke exhaust duct; 19. Central air distribution plate; 20. Air distribution wing plate; 21. Air outlet; 22. Central air distribution chamber; 23. Peripheral air distribution chamber; 24. Central air supply outlet; 25. Slag outlet; 26. Side air supply outlet; 27. Slag scraper; 28. Air supply duct; 29. ​​Pressurized fan. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] Example 1

[0034] See also Figure 1-Figure 10A coal and biomass material co-gasification device comprises a fixed bed gasifier 1 and a fluidized bed gasifier 2, wherein the bottom of the fixed bed gasifier 1 is connected to the top of the fluidized bed gasifier 2, and a vibrating feeder 5, a vibrating sorter 6, a hopper 7, a material crusher 8, a mixer 9 and a preheater 10 for raw material processing are arranged at the upper end of the fixed bed gasifier 1;

[0035] The interior of the fluidized bed gasifier 2 is divided into a circulating fluidized bed gasifier 3 and a fixed bed gasifier 4. The circulating fluidized bed gasifier 3 is located at the top of the fluidized bed gasifier 2, and the fixed bed gasifier 4 is located at the bottom of the fluidized bed gasifier 2.

[0036] A cyclone separator 17 is provided on the side end face of the fluidized bed gasifier 2, a smoke exhaust duct 18 is provided on the top of the cyclone separator 17, a central air distribution chamber 22 is provided at the bottom of the fluidized bed gasifier 2, a booster fan 29 which passes through the central air distribution chamber 22 is provided at the bottom of the fluidized bed gasifier 2, and the booster fan 29 and the central air distribution chamber 22 are connected through an air supply duct 28.

[0037] Furthermore, spiral coils 13 are provided in the fixed bed gasifier 1, the fluidized bed gasifier 2, the cyclone separator 17 and the smoke exhaust pipe 18, the preheater 10 is provided with an insulation sleeve 15 which penetrates the spiral coil 13, the bottom of the insulation sleeve 15 is provided with a first water outlet 14, the spiral coil 13 is provided with a water inlet 12, and the spiral coil 13 is provided with a second water outlet 16 at the end close to the cyclone separator 17.

[0038] The spiral coil 13 is divided into two groups. One group is wound around the inner wall of the fixed bed gasifier 1 and the fluidized bed gasifier 2 to absorb the heat in the furnace and cool the gasifier. At the same time, the heat is heated by the preheater 10 through the insulation pipe sleeve, so that the preheater 10 preheats the material and improves the heat utilization rate. The other group is wound around the exhaust pipe 18 and the cyclone separator 17 to cool the exhaust gas and condense the liquid in the exhaust gas. A waste heat recovery device is provided in the furnace. The process of gasification of coal and biomass in the furnace will heat the water pipes in the waste heat recovery device. A part of the heated water is sent to the preheater 10 through the water supply pipe with the insulation sleeve 15 to heat and pretreat the coal and biomass in the preheater 10. The pretreated warm water will be passed through the return pipe with the insulation sleeve 15 to the water inlet 12 of the waste heat recovery device, realizing the double circulation of heat and water, thereby saving energy. The other part is used for heating and washing in daily life.

[0039] Furthermore, a peripheral air distribution chamber 23 is arranged on the outer side of the top of the central air distribution chamber 22, an air distribution wing plate 20 is arranged on the top of the peripheral air distribution chamber 23, a central air distribution plate 19 is arranged on the top of the central air distribution chamber 22, and air outlets 21 are evenly arranged on the upper end surfaces of the central air distribution plate 19 and the air distribution wing plate 20.

[0040] Coal and biomass raw materials first enter the fixed bed gasification furnace 1 and accumulate in the furnace, which can promote the migration of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals in the biomass into the coal and catalyze the coal char gasification process. Then, the coal or biomass agglomerated in the fixed bed and the unreacted coal and biomass are regulated to enter the downstream fluidized bed. The fluidized bed is divided into two parts by the air distribution plate. The circulating fluidized bed gasification section 3 is located above the air distribution plate, and the fixed bed gasification section 4 is located below. The materials are fluidized and collided in the circulating fluidized bed to separate the agglomerated coal or biomass and continue to co-gasify with the unreacted coal or biomass. Finally, there will be a small part of the coal and biomass that have not reacted completely, which will flow slowly along the air distribution wing plates 20 on both sides to the downstream fixed bed gasification section 4 area, and finally achieve complete gasification. In addition, two air supply ports are set at the bottom of the furnace, and the upper part of the central air supply port 24 is connected to the central air distribution chamber 2 2, the lower part is connected to the pressurized fan 29; the upper part of the side air supply port 26 is connected to the outer air distribution chamber 23, and the lower part is connected to another group of pressurized fans 29; the two groups of air supply ports are connected to different air supply equipment, which can provide sufficient gasification agent to the inside of the furnace, which is conducive to the full gasification of the materials. The central air distribution chamber 22 and the outer air distribution chamber 23 are connected to different air supply equipment in order to adjust the wind speed of the central air distribution chamber 22 and the outer air distribution chamber 23, which is conducive to the formation of circulation in the furnace, thereby increasing the contact between the coal and biomass and the gasification agent, so as to achieve the purpose of fully gasifying the coal and the biomass.

[0041] Furthermore, a slag outlet 25 is provided at the bottom of the fluidized bed gasifier 2 , and a scraper slag discharger 27 is provided in the slag outlet 25 .

[0042] After the reaction is completed, the ash or slag will be sent to the outside of the furnace through the slag outlet 25 at the bottom of the furnace along the scraper slag discharger 27 to avoid slag accumulation affecting the production efficiency of the furnace body.

[0043] Furthermore, the vibration sorting machine 6 includes a screening frame 601, a screen 602, an exciter 603, a flip frame 604 and a cleaning mechanism 606. The screen 602 is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the inner end surface of the screening frame 601. The screening frame 601 and the flip frame 604 are elastically connected by a spring. The exciter 603 is fixedly mounted on the side end surface of the screening frame 601. The lower end surface of the flip frame 604 is provided with an adjusting rod 605, and the adjusting rod 605 is evenly provided with adjusting holes 6051. The funnel 7 includes a supporting seat 701 and a guide hopper 702. The flip frame 604 is mounted on the supporting seat 701 and is rotatably connected thereto by a hinge. The supporting seat 701 is provided with fixing bolts 6052 that cooperate with the adjusting holes 6051.

[0044] The fixing bolts 6052 are matched with different adjustment holes 6051 to achieve the angle adjustment of the turning frame 604, so as to achieve the adjustment of the inclination angle of the screen 602 and control the sliding speed of the raw materials to meet the screening requirements of raw materials with different particle sizes.

[0045] Furthermore, the material crusher 8 includes a crushing chamber 801, a first crushing roller 802, a second crushing roller 803, a reduction motor 805 and a reflective cover 804. The crushing chamber 801 is fixedly mounted on the turning frame 604. The first crushing roller 802 and the second crushing roller 803 are mounted in the crushing chamber 801 and are rotatably connected thereto. The reflective cover 804 is fixedly mounted on the upper end of the crushing chamber 801. The reduction motor 805 is fixedly mounted on the side end surface of the crushing chamber 801. The second crushing roller 803 is mounted on the output shaft of the reduction motor 805. The second motor has only a second gear 8031, and a crushing roller is provided with a first gear 8021 meshing with the second gear 8031.

[0046] The second crushing roller 803 is driven to rotate by the reduction motor 805, and then the first crushing roller 802 is driven to rotate by the first gear 8021 and the second gear 8031, so that the first crushing roller 802 and the second crushing roller 803 engage to crush the raw materials, and the crushed raw materials fall into the mixer 9, which improves the uniformity of raw material mixing and the gas production rate. The crushing chamber 801 is fixedly installed on the turning frame 604, and the vibration of the vibration sorter 6 can be transmitted to the material crusher 8, thereby improving the crushing effect.

[0047] Furthermore, the cleaning mechanism 606 includes a positioning frame 6061, a first sliding rod 6062, a second sliding rod 6063, a compression spring 6065 and a transmission shaft 6064. The positioning frame 6061 is provided with a first guide rod 60611, the front end surface of the first sliding rod 6062 is provided with a first guide hole 60621 that cooperates with the first guide rod 60611, a connecting plate 60624 is provided on the right side of the first sliding rod 6062, a reciprocating screw rod 60641 is provided at the center of the transmission shaft 6064, and a screw hole 60625 that cooperates with the reciprocating screw rod 60641 is provided on the connecting plate 60624, the second sliding rod 6063 is movably installed on the first sliding rod 6062, the second sliding rod 6063 is provided with bristles 60631 that cooperate with the screen 602, and the first sliding rod 6062 is provided with a sliding groove 60623 corresponding to the position of the bristles 60631.

[0048] By rotating the reciprocating screw 60641, the connecting plate 60624 drives each first slide rod 6062 to slide back and forth along the first guide rod 60611 under the action of the screw movement, thereby driving the second slide rod 6063 to brush the screen 602 back and forth, lifting the raw material particles stuck in the screen 602 and making them fall into the material crusher 8 for crushing.

[0049] Furthermore, a second guide rod 60622 is provided on the upper end surface of the first slide rod 6062, a second guide hole 60632 slidably matched with the second guide rod 60622 is provided on the second slide rod 6063, a compression spring 6065 is sleeved on the second guide rod 60622, the second slide rod 6063 is installed on the first slide rod 6062 and is elastically slidably connected with the first slide rod 6062 through the compression spring 6065, and a wave vertical plate 60612 slidably matched with the second slide rod 6063 is provided on the fixed frame.

[0050] When the first slide rod 6062 drives the second slide rod 6063 to slide horizontally, the second slide rod 6063 fits with the side end surface of the wave vertical plate 60612 under the elastic action of the compression spring 6065. The side end surface of the wave vertical plate 60612 is a wavy structure, so that during the sliding process of the first slide rod 6062, the second slide rod 6063 will produce a longitudinal displacement, so that the bristles 60631 brush the screen 602 in the horizontal and vertical directions at the same time, thereby improving the cleaning effect.

[0051] Furthermore, an extension rod 60633 is provided on the second sliding rod 6063 , and a ball 60634 that fits with the wave vertical plate 60612 is provided at the end of the extension rod 60633 .

[0052] The friction between the second slide rod 6063 and the wave vertical plate 60612 is reduced by the ball bearing 60634, thereby reducing the wear of the equipment and increasing the service life of the equipment. At the same time, the smoothness of the sliding of the equipment is improved to avoid the equipment from jamming.

[0053] Furthermore, a first synchronous wheel 60642 is provided on the transmission shaft 6064, a second synchronous wheel 8032 cooperating with the first synchronous wheel 60642 is provided on the second crushing roller 803, and a synchronous belt 8033 for transmission is sleeved on the first synchronous wheel 60642 and the second synchronous wheel 8032.

[0054] When the reduction motor 805 drives the second crushing roller 803 to rotate, the first synchronous wheel 60642 and the second synchronous wheel 8032 cooperate with the electric transmission shaft 6064 to rotate, so that when the crushing function of the equipment is turned on, the sweeping function is also turned on, reducing the operation process and improving the convenience of equipment operation.

[0055] When the device is in use, first, the coal and biomass raw materials are placed in the vibrating feeder 5, and the raw materials enter the vibrating sorter 6 under the action of vibration. The screen 602 of the vibrating sorter 6 screens the raw materials according to the preset aperture. The coal with smaller particles flows out from the small material outlet of the vibrating sorter 6, and flows into the mixer 9 after filtering out the large pieces of raw materials through the funnel 7; the biomass with larger particles flows out from the large material outlet and enters the material crusher 8. In the material crusher 8, the reduction motor 805 drives the second crushing roller 803 to rotate, and the first crushing roller 802 rotates synchronously through the gear transmission to crush the biomass. The crushed biomass falls into the mixer 9 and is fully mixed with the coal in the mixer 9 to promote the contact between the alkali metal and the alkaline earth metal in the biomass and the coal, so as to prepare for the subsequent gasification reaction. The evenly mixed raw materials enter the preheater 10, and the preheater 10 uses the heat transferred by the spiral coil 13 in the waste heat recovery device to heat the raw materials for pretreatment to improve the reaction activity of the raw materials, and then they are sent to the gasifier through the feeding port 11;

[0056] The coal and biomass mixture first enters the fixed bed gasifier 1 and accumulates in the furnace. The accumulation state enables the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals in the biomass to fully migrate into the coal, catalyze the coal char gasification process, and complete a partial gasification reaction. The coal or biomass agglomerated in the fixed bed and the unreacted mixture enter the downstream fluidized bed gasifier 2 after regulation. The fluidized bed is divided into a circulating fluidized bed located above the air distribution plate and a fixed bed gasification part 4 located below the air distribution plate by an air distribution plate. The materials are fluidized and collided in the circulating fluidized bed to separate the agglomerated materials and continue to be gasified together. Some of the incompletely reacted materials slowly flow along the air distribution wing plate 20 to the fixed bed gasification part 4 area to achieve complete gasification. In this process, the central air distribution chamber 22 and the peripheral air distribution chamber 23 supply air respectively through different air supply equipment. The central air supply port 24 and the side air supply port 26 are connected to different pressurized fans 29. The wind speed is adjusted to form a circulation in the furnace, increase the contact between the coal and biomass and the gasification agent, and promote full gasification.

[0057] The spiral coils 13 arranged in the fixed bed gasifier 1, the fluidized bed gasifier 2, the cyclone separator 17 and the smoke exhaust pipe 18 constitute a waste heat recovery device. One path of the spiral coils 13 is wound around the inner wall of the gasifier to absorb the heat in the furnace to cool the gasifier, and at the same time transfer the heat to the preheater 10 through the insulation sleeve 15 to preheat the raw materials; the other path is arranged in the flue gas channel to cool and condense the exhaust gas, so that the liquid in the exhaust gas refluxes, and a part of the heated water is sent to the preheater 10 through the water supply pipe with the insulation sleeve 15 to heat the raw materials for pretreatment, and the pretreated warm water returns to the water inlet 12 of the waste heat recovery device through the return water pipe, so as to realize the double circulation of heat and water; the other part of the hot water is used for heating and washing in daily life, so as to improve the energy utilization rate.

[0058] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A coal and biomass material co-gasification device, comprising a fixed bed gasifier (1) and a fluidized bed gasifier (2), wherein the bottom of the fixed bed gasifier (1) is connected to the top of the fluidized bed gasifier (2), characterized in that: The upper end of the fixed bed gasification furnace (1) is provided with a vibrating feeder (5), a vibrating sorter (6), a hopper (7), a material crusher (8), a mixer (9) and a preheater (10) for raw material processing; The interior of the fluidized bed gasifier (2) is divided into a circulating fluidized bed gasifier section (3) and a fixed bed gasifier section (4), the circulating fluidized bed gasifier section (3) is located at the top of the fluidized bed gasifier (2), and the fixed bed gasifier section (4) is located at the bottom of the fluidized bed gasifier (2); A cyclone separator (17) is provided on the side end surface of the fluidized bed gasification furnace (2), a smoke exhaust duct (18) is provided on the top of the cyclone separator (17), a central air distribution chamber (22) is provided at the bottom of the fluidized bed gasification furnace (2), and a pressurized fan (29) that is connected to the central air distribution chamber (22) is provided at the bottom of the fluidized bed gasification furnace (2).

2. A coal and biomass material co-gasification device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed bed gasifier (1), the fluidized bed gasifier (2), the cyclone separator (17) and the smoke exhaust pipe (18) are all provided with a spiral coil (13); the preheater (10) is provided with a heat-insulating sleeve (15) which penetrates the spiral coil (13); the bottom of the heat-insulating sleeve (15) is provided with a first water outlet (14); the spiral coil (13) is provided with a water inlet (12); and the spiral coil (13) is provided with a second water outlet (16) at the end close to the cyclone separator (17).

3. The device for co-gasification of coal and biomass materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: A peripheral air distribution chamber (23) is arranged on the outer side of the top of the central air distribution chamber (22), an air distribution wing plate (20) is arranged on the top of the peripheral air distribution chamber (23), a central air distribution plate (19) is arranged on the top of the central air distribution chamber (22), and air outlets (21) are evenly arranged on the upper end surfaces of the central air distribution plate (19) and the air distribution wing plate (20).

4. The device for co-gasification of coal and biomass materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: A slag discharge port (25) is provided at the bottom of the fluidized bed gasification furnace (2), and a scraper slag discharger (27) is provided inside the slag discharge port (25).

5. The device for co-gasification of coal and biomass materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vibration sorting machine (6) comprises a screening frame (601), a screening mesh (602), an exciter (603), a turning frame (604) and a cleaning mechanism (606); the screening mesh (602) is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the inner end surface of the screening frame (601); the screening frame (601) and the turning frame (604) are elastically and movably connected via a spring; the exciter (603) is fixedly mounted on the side end surface of the screening frame (601); an adjusting rod (605) is arranged on the lower end surface of the turning frame (604); and adjusting holes (6051) are evenly arranged on the adjusting rod (605); the funnel (7) comprises a supporting seat (701) and a guide hopper (702); the turning frame (604) is mounted on the supporting seat (701) and is rotatably connected thereto via a hinge; and a fixing bolt (6052) cooperating with the adjusting hole (6051) is arranged on the supporting seat (701).

6. A coal and biomass co-gasification device as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The material crusher (8) comprises a crushing chamber (801), a first crushing roller (802), a second crushing roller (803), a reduction motor (805) and a reflective cover (804); the crushing chamber (801) is fixedly mounted on a turning frame (604); the first crushing roller (802) and the second crushing roller (803) are mounted in the crushing chamber (801) and are rotatably connected thereto; the reflective cover (804) is fixedly mounted on the upper end of the crushing chamber (801); the reduction motor (805) is fixedly mounted on the side end surface of the crushing chamber (801); the second crushing roller (803) is mounted on the output shaft of the reduction motor (805); the second motor is provided with only a second gear (8031); and the crushing roller is provided with a first gear (8021) meshing with the second gear (8031).

7. A coal and biomass co-gasification device as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The cleaning mechanism (606) comprises a positioning frame (6061), a first sliding rod (6062), a second sliding rod (6063), a compression spring (6065) and a transmission shaft (6064); the positioning frame (6061) is provided with a first guide rod (60611); the front end surface of the first sliding rod (6062) is provided with a first guide hole (60621) matched with the first guide rod (60611); the first sliding rod (606 2) is provided with a connecting plate (60624), a reciprocating screw rod (60641) is provided at the center of the transmission shaft (6064), a screw hole (60625) cooperating with the reciprocating screw rod (60641) is provided on the connecting plate (60624), the second sliding rod (6063) is movably mounted on the first sliding rod (6062), and the second sliding rod (6063) is provided with bristles (60631) cooperating with the screen (602).

8. A coal and biomass co-gasification device as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The upper end surface of the first sliding rod (6062) is provided with a second guide rod (60622), the second sliding rod (6063) is provided with a second guide hole (60632) which is slidably matched with the second guide rod (60622), the compression spring (6065) is sleeved on the second guide rod (60622), the second sliding rod (6063) is installed on the first sliding rod (6062) and is elastically slidably connected with the first sliding rod (6062) through the compression spring (6065), and the fixed frame is provided with a wave vertical plate (60612) which is slidably matched with the second sliding rod (6063).

9. A coal and biomass co-gasification device as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: The second sliding rod (6063) is provided with an extension rod (60633), and the end of the extension rod (60633) is provided with a ball (60634) that fits with the wave vertical plate (60612).

10. A coal and biomass co-gasification device as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that: The transmission shaft (6064) is provided with a first synchronous wheel (60642), the second crushing roller (803) is provided with a second synchronous wheel (8032) matched with the first synchronous wheel (60642), and the first synchronous wheel (60642) and the second synchronous wheel (8032) are sleeved with a synchronous belt (8033) for transmission.

Images