High-temperature-resistant light alloy material and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-temperature-resistant light alloy material which is composed of a titanium-aluminum alloy matrix and mesoporous high-entropy metal oxide nanoparticles, and the aluminum-titanium alloy matrix comprises the following components: 10-13 wt% of Al, 5-10 wt% of Al, 5-10 wt% of Al, and the balance of Al. 1.2 to 2.4 wt% of Nb; 0.2 to 0.5 wt% of Si; ta: 0.05 to 0.12 wt%; the balance is Ti; the mass ratio of the mesoporous high-entropy metal oxide nanoparticles is 3-9 wt%, and the mesoporous high-entropy metal oxide nanoparticles comprise (0.15-0.25 wt% of Al, 0.15-0.25 wt% of Cr, 0.15-0.25 wt% of Co, 0.15-0.25 wt% of La, 0.15-0.25 wt% of Y) 2O3, the high-entropy metal oxide has good mechanical properties and thermal stability, the high-temperature resistance of the material can be effectively improved, and the problem of interface reaction between the oxide and an alloy matrix can be solved through the mesoporous structure. According to the preparation method, an evanescent mode casting method is adopted, mesoporous high-entropy metal oxide nanoparticles are dispersed in a polyurethane foam plastic model, the nanoparticles can be uniformly dispersed in an alloy matrix after casting is completed, and the uniformity and stability of the alloy are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of alloys, and in particular to a high temperature resistant light alloy material and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of the aerospace industry, the new generation of aerospace engine components are developing towards high temperature resistance, light weight and high reliability. Traditional high temperature resistant materials include nickel-based high temperature alloys, cobalt-based high temperature alloys, iron-based high temperature alloys, etc. However, these high temperature alloys have high density and the use temperature has reached the upper limit, which can no longer meet the requirements of lightweight and high-speed flight of the new generation of engines. Light alloys such as titanium alloys and aluminum alloys have the advantages of low density and high specific strength, and also have considerable application potential in the high temperature resistant parts of aerospace engines. Through surface modification, alloying, heat treatment, nano-reinforcement strengthening and other methods to enhance performance, it is expected to prepare lightweight alloys with good thermal stability and thermal strength, which will have a wider application in the aerospace field. When adding nano-oxide particles as a reinforcement phase to aluminum alloys, a dispersed strengthening phase is formed in the metal matrix, and a highly coherent interface is formed with the metal matrix, dislocation movement and grain coarsening can be hindered, which is beneficial to improving the strength and high-temperature stability of the material. However, at the same time, there are also challenges in terms of the dispersion of nano-oxides in the alloy matrix and interface compatibility, which require further optimization to ensure the long-term stability and environmental adaptability of the material. Summary of the invention

[0003] Technical problem to be solved: The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a high-temperature resistant lightweight alloy material and a preparation method thereof, adding high-entropy metal oxide nanoparticles into a titanium aluminum alloy matrix to improve the comprehensive performance of the alloy; preparing a mesoporous structure on the surface of the oxide particles to solve the interface compatibility problem of the oxide with the alloy matrix, and at the same time using the lost foam casting method to solve the dispersion problem of the nanoparticles in the alloy matrix.

[0004] Technical solution: A high-temperature resistant lightweight alloy material consisting of a titanium-aluminum alloy matrix and mesoporous high-entropy metal oxide nanoparticles. Preferably, the mass proportion of the mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles is 3-9wt%. Preferably, the method for preparing the high temperature resistant light alloy material comprises the following steps: S1. Preparation of polyurethane foam model containing mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles; S2. configuring the raw materials according to the alloy matrix composition and melting them to obtain an alloy melt with uniform composition; S3. Coat the polyurethane foam model, place it in a mold to seal and shape it, slowly pour the alloy melt into it, clean it after cooling, and obtain a high-temperature resistant lightweight alloy material. Preferably, the step of preparing a polyurethane foam model containing mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles comprises: S11. adding mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles into water and uniformly dispersing them by ultrasonication to obtain a suspension; S12. Mix the polyether polyol, catalyst, foam stabilizer and suspension in proportion and pour into the mold, add polyisocyanate and stir quickly and evenly, cover the mold and foam at room temperature, and after the reaction is completed, demold to obtain a polyurethane foam model containing mesoporous high-entropy metal oxide nanoparticles. Preferably, the mass ratio of the polyether polyol, polyisocyanate, suspension, catalyst and foam stabilizer in step S12 is 50-70:30-50:7-10:0.5-1.5:1-2. Preferably, the aluminum-titanium alloy matrix is ​​composed of the following components in weight ratio: Al: 10-13wt%; Nb: 1.2-2.4wt%; Si: 0.2-0.5wt%; Ta: 0.05-0.12wt%; and the balance is Ti. Preferably, the composition of the mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles is (Al 0.15-0.25 Cr 0.15- 0.25 Co 0.15-0.25 La 0.15-0.25 Y 0.15-0.25 ) 2 O 3 . Preferably, the method for preparing the mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles comprises the following steps: S21. The aluminum salt, chromium salt, cobalt salt, lanthanum salt and yttrium salt are dissolved in deionized water in proportion, and a surfactant is added and stirred to dissolve to obtain a uniform solution; S22. Ammonia water was added to the solution, stirred until the reaction was completed, filtered, washed and dried to obtain a precursor; S23. The precursor is calcined at high temperature to remove the surfactant and obtain mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles. Preferably, the calcination temperature in step S23 is 700-900° C., and the calcination time is 1-2 hours. Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and positive effects: 1. The present invention uses titanium aluminum alloy as the matrix. The titanium aluminum alloy can maintain a high strength in the temperature range of 650°C to 850°C. Elements such as Nb, Si, and Ta are added to the alloy for alloying. Among them, Nb and Ta are β-stabilizing elements and can form a stable solid solution with Ti, which can effectively inhibit α 2The addition of Si can increase the eutectic transformation temperature of the alloy and form Ti at high temperature. 3 SiC or Ti 3 Si and other carbides, which can hinder α 2 The formation of phase slows down the phase change process at high temperature, thereby improving the oxidation resistance and heat resistance of the alloy. 2. The present invention adds mesoporous high-entropy metal oxide nanoparticles to a titanium-aluminum alloy matrix. Compared with traditional single metal oxides, the high-entropy metal oxide nanoparticles have better comprehensive properties and more obvious effects on improving the thermal stability and antioxidant capacity of the alloy. The addition of nanoparticles can change the microstructure of the alloy: they can be distributed in the alloy matrix as a dispersed phase to play a role in dispersion strengthening, and can also hinder the movement of dislocations, thereby improving the high-temperature strength and creep resistance of the alloy. The interface reaction problem of oxide particles in the alloy matrix will affect the performance of the material. The mesoporous structure prepared on the surface of the particles can inhibit the diffusion of elements between the oxide particles and the alloy matrix, reduce the occurrence of interface reactions, and the mesoporous structure has a high specific surface area and porous channels, which can increase the contact area between the oxide particles and the alloy matrix, and buffer the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the oxide particles and the alloy matrix, while playing a role in dispersing stress, thereby enhancing the interface bonding force, reducing interface stress concentration, and improving the thermal stability of the material. 3. The present invention adopts the lost foam casting method to prepare materials, disperses nanoparticles in water as a foaming agent for foam plastics, can make the particles evenly distributed in the foam plastic model, slowly cast the alloy melt into the model under negative pressure, the foam model gradually vaporizes and disappears at high temperature, the metal melt fills the cavity left by the model, and combines with the nanoparticles left in the model, so that the nanoparticles are evenly dispersed in the alloy matrix, effectively solving the dispersion problem of nanoparticles in the alloy matrix; in addition, the lost foam casting method has high design flexibility, high production efficiency, high casting size accuracy, good surface finish, and small surface roughness, and has significant advantages. DETAILED DESCRIPTION In order to further understand the present invention, preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below in conjunction with examples. Specific preferred examples are as follows: Embodiment 1: A high temperature resistant light alloy material, composed of a titanium aluminum alloy matrix and mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles; The mass proportion of the mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles is 3wt%; The preparation method of the high temperature resistant light alloy material comprises the following steps: S1. adding mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles into water and uniformly dispersing them by ultrasonication to obtain a suspension; S2. Mix the polyether polyol, catalyst, foam stabilizer and suspension in proportion and pour them into a mold, add polyisocyanate and stir quickly and evenly, cover the mold and foam at room temperature, the mass ratio of polyether polyol, polyisocyanate, suspension, catalyst and foam stabilizer is 60:40:8.5:1:1.5, and after the reaction is completed, demold to obtain a polyurethane foam model containing mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles; S3. configuring the raw materials according to the alloy matrix composition and melting them to obtain an alloy melt with uniform composition; S4. The polyurethane foam model is coated with a coating, placed in a mold to seal and shape, slowly cast into the alloy melt, and cleaned after cooling to obtain a high temperature resistant lightweight alloy material; The aluminum-titanium alloy matrix is ​​composed of the following components in weight ratio: Al: 10wt%; Nb: 1.2wt%; Si: 0.2wt%; Ta: 0.05wt%; the balance is Ti; The composition of the mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles is (Al 0.2 Cr 0.2 Co 0.2 La 0.2 Y 0.2 ) 2 O 3 ; The method for preparing the mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles comprises the following steps: S21. The metal salts were dissolved in deionized water in proportion, and a surfactant was added and stirred to dissolve to obtain a uniform solution; S22. Aqueous ammonia was added to the solution, stirred until the reaction was completed, filtered, washed and dried to obtain a precursor; S23. The precursor is calcined at 700°C for 1 hour to remove the surfactant and obtain mesoporous high-entropy metal oxide nanoparticles. Embodiment 2: A high temperature resistant light alloy material, composed of a titanium aluminum alloy matrix and mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles; The mass proportion of the mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles is 5wt%; The preparation method of the high temperature resistant light alloy material comprises the following steps: S1. adding mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles into water and uniformly dispersing them by ultrasonication to obtain a suspension; S2. Mix the polyether polyol, catalyst, foam stabilizer and suspension in proportion and pour them into a mold, add polyisocyanate and stir quickly and evenly, cover the mold and foam at room temperature, the mass ratio of polyether polyol, polyisocyanate, suspension, catalyst and foam stabilizer is 60:40:8.5:1:1.5, and after the reaction is completed, demold to obtain a polyurethane foam model containing mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles; S3. configuring the raw materials according to the alloy matrix composition and melting them to obtain an alloy melt with uniform composition; S4. The polyurethane foam model is coated with a coating, placed in a mold to seal and shape, slowly cast into the alloy melt, and cleaned after cooling to obtain a high temperature resistant lightweight alloy material; The aluminum-titanium alloy matrix is ​​composed of the following components in weight ratio: Al: 10wt%; Nb: 1.2wt%; Si: 0.2wt%; Ta: 0.05wt%; the balance is Ti; The composition of the mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles is (Al 0.2 Cr 0.2 Co 0.2 La 0.2 Y 0.2 ) 2 O 3 ; The method for preparing the mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles comprises the following steps: S21. The metal salts were dissolved in deionized water in proportion, and a surfactant was added and stirred to dissolve to obtain a uniform solution; S22. Aqueous ammonia was added to the solution, stirred until the reaction was completed, filtered, washed and dried to obtain a precursor; S23. The precursor is calcined at 700°C for 1 hour to remove the surfactant and obtain mesoporous high-entropy metal oxide nanoparticles. Embodiment 3: A high temperature resistant light alloy material, composed of a titanium aluminum alloy matrix and mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles; The mass proportion of the mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles is 7wt%; The preparation method of the high temperature resistant light alloy material comprises the following steps: S1. adding mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles into water and uniformly dispersing them by ultrasonication to obtain a suspension; S2. Mix the polyether polyol, catalyst, foam stabilizer and suspension in proportion and pour them into a mold, add polyisocyanate and stir quickly and evenly, cover the mold and foam at room temperature, the mass ratio of polyether polyol, polyisocyanate, suspension, catalyst and foam stabilizer is 60:40:8.5:1:1.5, and after the reaction is completed, demold to obtain a polyurethane foam model containing mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles; S3. configuring the raw materials according to the alloy matrix composition and melting them to obtain an alloy melt with uniform composition; S4. The polyurethane foam model is coated with a coating, placed in a mold to seal and shape, slowly cast into the alloy melt, and cleaned after cooling to obtain a high temperature resistant lightweight alloy material; The aluminum-titanium alloy matrix is ​​composed of the following components in weight ratio: Al: 10wt%; Nb: 1.2wt%; Si: 0.2wt%; Ta: 0.05wt%; the balance is Ti; The composition of the mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles is (Al 0.2 Cr 0.2 Co 0.2 La 0.2 Y 0.2 ) 2 O 3 ; The method for preparing the mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles comprises the following steps: S21. The metal salts were dissolved in deionized water in proportion, and a surfactant was added and stirred to dissolve to obtain a uniform solution; S22. Ammonia water was added to the solution, stirred until the reaction was completed, filtered, washed and dried to obtain a precursor; S23. The precursor is calcined at 700°C for 1 hour to remove the surfactant and obtain mesoporous high-entropy metal oxide nanoparticles. Embodiment 4: A high temperature resistant light alloy material, composed of a titanium aluminum alloy matrix and mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles; The mass proportion of the mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles is 9wt%; The preparation method of the high temperature resistant light alloy material comprises the following steps: S1. adding mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles into water and uniformly dispersing them by ultrasonication to obtain a suspension; S2. Mix the polyether polyol, catalyst, foam stabilizer and suspension in proportion and pour them into a mold, add polyisocyanate and stir quickly and evenly, cover the mold and foam at room temperature, the mass ratio of polyether polyol, polyisocyanate, suspension, catalyst and foam stabilizer is 60:40:8.5:1:1.5, and after the reaction is completed, demold to obtain a polyurethane foam model containing mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles; S3. configuring the raw materials according to the alloy matrix composition and melting them to obtain an alloy melt with uniform composition; S4. The polyurethane foam model is coated with a coating, placed in a mold to seal and shape, slowly cast into the alloy melt, and cleaned after cooling to obtain a high temperature resistant lightweight alloy material; The aluminum-titanium alloy matrix is ​​composed of the following components in weight ratio: Al: 10wt%; Nb: 1.2wt%; Si: 0.2wt%; Ta: 0.05wt%; the balance is Ti; The composition of the mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles is (Al 0.2 Cr 0.2 Co 0.2 La 0.2 Y 0.2 ) 2 O 3 ; The method for preparing the mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles comprises the following steps: S21. The metal salts were dissolved in deionized water in proportion, and a surfactant was added and stirred to dissolve to obtain a uniform solution; S22. Aqueous ammonia was added to the solution, stirred until the reaction was completed, filtered, washed and dried to obtain a precursor; S23. The precursor is calcined at 700°C for 1 hour to remove the surfactant and obtain mesoporous high-entropy metal oxide nanoparticles. Embodiment 5: A high temperature resistant light alloy material, composed of a titanium aluminum alloy matrix and mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles; The mass proportion of the mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles is 7wt%; The preparation method of the high temperature resistant light alloy material comprises the following steps: S1. adding mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles into water and uniformly dispersing them by ultrasonication to obtain a suspension; S2. Mix the polyether polyol, catalyst, foam stabilizer and suspension in proportion and pour them into a mold, add polyisocyanate and stir quickly and evenly, cover the mold and foam at room temperature, the mass ratio of polyether polyol, polyisocyanate, suspension, catalyst and foam stabilizer is 60:40:8.5:1:1.5, and after the reaction is completed, demold to obtain a polyurethane foam model containing mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles; S3. configuring the raw materials according to the alloy matrix composition and melting them to obtain an alloy melt with uniform composition; S4. The polyurethane foam model is coated with a coating, placed in a mold to seal and shape, slowly cast into the alloy melt, and cleaned after cooling to obtain a high temperature resistant lightweight alloy material; The aluminum-titanium alloy matrix is ​​composed of the following components in weight ratio: Al: 11wt%; Nb: 1.6wt%; Si: 0.3wt%; Ta: 0.07wt%; the balance is Ti; The composition of the mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles is (Al 0.2 Cr 0.2 Co 0.2 La 0.2 Y 0.2 ) 2 O 3 ; The method for preparing the mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles comprises the following steps: S21. The metal salts were dissolved in deionized water in proportion, and a surfactant was added and stirred to dissolve to obtain a uniform solution; S22. Aqueous ammonia was added to the solution, stirred until the reaction was completed, filtered, washed and dried to obtain a precursor; S23. The precursor is calcined at 700°C for 1 hour to remove the surfactant and obtain mesoporous high-entropy metal oxide nanoparticles. Embodiment 6: A high temperature resistant light alloy material, composed of a titanium aluminum alloy matrix and mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles; The mass proportion of the mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles is 7wt%; The preparation method of the high temperature resistant light alloy material comprises the following steps: S1. adding mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles into water and uniformly dispersing them by ultrasonication to obtain a suspension; S2. Mix the polyether polyol, catalyst, foam stabilizer and suspension in proportion and pour them into a mold, add polyisocyanate and stir quickly and evenly, cover the mold and foam at room temperature, the mass ratio of polyether polyol, polyisocyanate, suspension, catalyst and foam stabilizer is 60:40:8.5:1:1.5, and after the reaction is completed, demold to obtain a polyurethane foam model containing mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles; S3. configuring the raw materials according to the alloy matrix composition and melting them to obtain an alloy melt with uniform composition; S4. The polyurethane foam model is coated with a coating, placed in a mold to seal and shape, slowly cast into the alloy melt, and cleaned after cooling to obtain a high temperature resistant lightweight alloy material; The aluminum-titanium alloy matrix is ​​composed of the following components in weight ratio: Al: 12wt%; Nb: 2.0wt%; Si: 0.4wt%; Ta: 0.09wt%; the balance is Ti; The composition of the mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles is (Al 0.2 Cr 0.2 Co 0.2 La 0.2 Y 0.2 ) 2 O 3 ; The method for preparing the mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles comprises the following steps: S21. The metal salts were dissolved in deionized water in proportion, and a surfactant was added and stirred to dissolve to obtain a uniform solution; S22. Aqueous ammonia was added to the solution, stirred until the reaction was completed, filtered, washed and dried to obtain a precursor; S23. The precursor is calcined at 700°C for 1 hour to remove the surfactant and obtain mesoporous high-entropy metal oxide nanoparticles. Embodiment 7: A high temperature resistant light alloy material, composed of a titanium aluminum alloy matrix and mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles; The mass proportion of the mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles is 7wt%; The preparation method of the high temperature resistant light alloy material comprises the following steps: S1. adding mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles into water and uniformly dispersing them by ultrasonication to obtain a suspension; S2. Mix the polyether polyol, catalyst, foam stabilizer and suspension in proportion and pour them into a mold, add polyisocyanate and stir quickly and evenly, cover the mold and foam at room temperature, the mass ratio of polyether polyol, polyisocyanate, suspension, catalyst and foam stabilizer is 60:40:8.5:1:1.5, and after the reaction is completed, demold to obtain a polyurethane foam model containing mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles; S3. configuring the raw materials according to the alloy matrix composition and melting them to obtain an alloy melt with uniform composition; S4. The polyurethane foam model is coated with a coating, placed in a mold to seal and shape, slowly cast into the alloy melt, and cleaned after cooling to obtain a high temperature resistant lightweight alloy material; The aluminum-titanium alloy matrix is ​​composed of the following components in weight ratio: Al: 13wt%; Nb: 2.4wt%; Si: 0.5wt%; Ta: 0.12wt%; the balance is Ti; The composition of the mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles is (Al 0.2 Cr 0.2 Co 0.2 La 0.2 Y 0.2 ) 2 O 3 ; The method for preparing the mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles comprises the following steps: S21. The metal salts were dissolved in deionized water in proportion, and a surfactant was added and stirred to dissolve to obtain a uniform solution; S22. Aqueous ammonia was added to the solution, stirred until the reaction was completed, filtered, washed and dried to obtain a precursor; S23. The precursor is calcined at 700°C for 1 hour to remove the surfactant and obtain mesoporous high-entropy metal oxide nanoparticles. Embodiment 8: A high temperature resistant light alloy material, composed of a titanium aluminum alloy matrix and mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles; The mass proportion of the mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles is 7wt%; The preparation method of the high temperature resistant light alloy material comprises the following steps: S1. adding mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles into water and uniformly dispersing them by ultrasonication to obtain a suspension; S2. Mix the polyether polyol, catalyst, foam stabilizer and suspension in proportion and pour them into a mold, add polyisocyanate and stir quickly and evenly, cover the mold and foam at room temperature, the mass ratio of polyether polyol, polyisocyanate, suspension, catalyst and foam stabilizer is 60:40:8.5:1:1.5, and after the reaction is completed, demold to obtain a polyurethane foam model containing mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles; S3. configuring the raw materials according to the alloy matrix composition and melting them to obtain an alloy melt with uniform composition; S4. The polyurethane foam model is coated with a coating, placed in a mold to seal and shape, slowly cast into the alloy melt, and cleaned after cooling to obtain a high temperature resistant lightweight alloy material; The aluminum-titanium alloy matrix is ​​composed of the following components in weight ratio: Al: 13wt%; Nb: 2.4wt%; Si: 0.5wt%; Ta: 0.12wt%; the balance is Ti; The composition of the mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles is (Al 0.15 Cr 0.15 Co 0.2 La 0.25 Y 0.25 ) 2 O 3 ; The method for preparing the mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles comprises the following steps: S21. The metal salts were dissolved in deionized water in proportion, and a surfactant was added and stirred to dissolve to obtain a uniform solution; S22. Aqueous ammonia was added to the solution, stirred until the reaction was completed, filtered, washed and dried to obtain a precursor; S23. The precursor is calcined at 700°C for 1 hour to remove the surfactant and obtain mesoporous high-entropy metal oxide nanoparticles. Embodiment 9: A high temperature resistant light alloy material, composed of a titanium aluminum alloy matrix and mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles; The mass proportion of the mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles is 7wt%; The preparation method of the high temperature resistant light alloy material comprises the following steps: S1. adding mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles into water and uniformly dispersing them by ultrasonication to obtain a suspension; S2. Mix the polyether polyol, catalyst, foam stabilizer and suspension in proportion and pour them into a mold, add polyisocyanate and stir quickly and evenly, cover the mold and foam at room temperature, the mass ratio of polyether polyol, polyisocyanate, suspension, catalyst and foam stabilizer is 60:40:8.5:1:1.5, and after the reaction is completed, demold to obtain a polyurethane foam model containing mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles; S3. configuring the raw materials according to the alloy matrix composition and melting them to obtain an alloy melt with uniform composition; S4. The polyurethane foam model is coated with a coating, placed in a mold to seal and shape, slowly cast into the alloy melt, and cleaned after cooling to obtain a high temperature resistant lightweight alloy material; The aluminum-titanium alloy matrix is ​​composed of the following components in weight ratio: Al: 13wt%; Nb: 2.4wt%; Si: 0.5wt%; Ta: 0.12wt%; the balance is Ti; The composition of the mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles is (Al 0.25 Cr 0.25 Co 0.2 La 0.15 Y 0.15 ) 2 O 3 ; The method for preparing the mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles comprises the following steps: S21. The metal salts were dissolved in deionized water in proportion, and a surfactant was added and stirred to dissolve to obtain a uniform solution; S22. Aqueous ammonia was added to the solution, stirred until the reaction was completed, filtered, washed and dried to obtain a precursor; S23. The precursor is calcined at 700°C for 1 hour to remove the surfactant and obtain mesoporous high-entropy metal oxide nanoparticles. Embodiment 10: A high temperature resistant light alloy material, composed of a titanium aluminum alloy matrix and mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles; The mass proportion of the mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles is 7wt%; The preparation method of the high temperature resistant light alloy material comprises the following steps: S1. adding mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles into water and uniformly dispersing them by ultrasonication to obtain a suspension; S2. Mix the polyether polyol, catalyst, foam stabilizer and suspension in proportion and pour them into a mold, add polyisocyanate and stir quickly and evenly, cover the mold and foam at room temperature, the mass ratio of polyether polyol, polyisocyanate, suspension, catalyst and foam stabilizer is 60:40:8.5:1:1.5, and after the reaction is completed, demold to obtain a polyurethane foam model containing mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles; S3. configuring the raw materials according to the alloy matrix composition and melting them to obtain an alloy melt with uniform composition; S4. The polyurethane foam model is coated with a coating, placed in a mold to seal and shape, slowly cast into the alloy melt, and cleaned after cooling to obtain a high temperature resistant lightweight alloy material; The aluminum-titanium alloy matrix is ​​composed of the following components in weight ratio: Al: 13wt%; Nb: 2.4wt%; Si: 0.5wt%; Ta: 0.12wt%; the balance is Ti; The composition of the mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles is (Al 0.15 Cr 0.25 Co 0.2 La 0.15 Y 0.25 ) 2 O 3 ; The method for preparing the mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles comprises the following steps: S21. The metal salts were dissolved in deionized water in proportion, and a surfactant was added and stirred to dissolve to obtain a uniform solution; S22. Aqueous ammonia was added to the solution, stirred until the reaction was completed, filtered, washed and dried to obtain a precursor; S23. The precursor is calcined at 700°C for 1 hour to remove the surfactant and obtain mesoporous high-entropy metal oxide nanoparticles. Embodiment 11: A high temperature resistant light alloy material, composed of a titanium aluminum alloy matrix and mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles; The mass proportion of the mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles is 7wt%; The preparation method of the high temperature resistant light alloy material comprises the following steps: S1. adding mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles into water and uniformly dispersing them by ultrasonication to obtain a suspension; S2. Mix the polyether polyol, catalyst, foam stabilizer and suspension in proportion and pour them into a mold, add polyisocyanate and stir quickly and evenly, cover the mold and foam at room temperature, the mass ratio of polyether polyol, polyisocyanate, suspension, catalyst and foam stabilizer is 60:40:8.5:1:1.5, and after the reaction is completed, demold to obtain a polyurethane foam model containing mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles; S3. configuring the raw materials according to the alloy matrix composition and melting them to obtain an alloy melt with uniform composition; S4. The polyurethane foam model is coated with a coating, placed in a mold to seal and shape, slowly cast into the alloy melt, and cleaned after cooling to obtain a high temperature resistant lightweight alloy material; The aluminum-titanium alloy matrix is ​​composed of the following components in weight ratio: Al: 13wt%; Nb: 2.4wt%; Si: 0.5wt%; Ta: 0.12wt%; the balance is Ti; The composition of the mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles is (Al 0.2 Cr 0.2 Co 0.2 La 0.2 Y 0.2 ) 2 O 3 ; The method for preparing the mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles comprises the following steps: S21. The metal salts were dissolved in deionized water in proportion, and a surfactant was added and stirred to dissolve to obtain a uniform solution; S22. Aqueous ammonia was added to the solution, stirred until the reaction was completed, filtered, washed and dried to obtain a precursor; S23. The precursor is calcined at 800°C for 1 hour to remove the surfactant and obtain mesoporous high-entropy metal oxide nanoparticles. Embodiment 12: A high temperature resistant light alloy material, composed of a titanium aluminum alloy matrix and mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles; The mass proportion of the mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles is 7wt%; The preparation method of the high temperature resistant light alloy material comprises the following steps: S1. adding mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles into water and uniformly dispersing them by ultrasonication to obtain a suspension; S2. Mix the polyether polyol, catalyst, foam stabilizer and suspension in proportion and pour them into a mold, add polyisocyanate and stir quickly and evenly, cover the mold and foam at room temperature, the mass ratio of polyether polyol, polyisocyanate, suspension, catalyst and foam stabilizer is 60:40:8.5:1:1.5, and after the reaction is completed, demold to obtain a polyurethane foam model containing mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles; S3. configuring the raw materials according to the alloy matrix composition and melting them to obtain an alloy melt with uniform composition; S4. The polyurethane foam model is coated with a coating, placed in a mold to seal and shape, slowly cast into the alloy melt, and cleaned after cooling to obtain a high temperature resistant lightweight alloy material; The aluminum-titanium alloy matrix is ​​composed of the following components in weight ratio: Al: 13wt%; Nb: 2.4wt%; Si: 0.5wt%; Ta: 0.12wt%; the balance is Ti; The composition of the mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles is (Al 0.2 Cr 0.2 Co 0.2 La 0.2 Y 0.2 ) 2 O 3 ; The method for preparing the mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles comprises the following steps: S21. The metal salts were dissolved in deionized water in proportion, and a surfactant was added and stirred to dissolve to obtain a uniform solution; S22. Aqueous ammonia was added to the solution, stirred until the reaction was completed, filtered, washed and dried to obtain a precursor; S23. The precursor is calcined at 900°C for 1 hour to remove the surfactant and obtain mesoporous high-entropy metal oxide nanoparticles. In order to further illustrate the technical effect of the present invention, the present invention also provides a comparative example, which is as follows: Comparative Example 1: A light alloy material, composed of the following components in weight ratio: Al: 10wt%; Nb: 1.2wt%; Si: 0.2wt%; Ta: 0.05wt%; the balance is Ti; The preparation method of the light alloy material comprises the following steps: S1. Mix polyether polyol, catalyst, foam stabilizer and water in proportion and pour into a mold, add polyisocyanate and stir quickly and evenly, cover the mold and foam at room temperature, the mass ratio of polyether polyol, polyisocyanate, suspension, catalyst and foam stabilizer is 60:40:8.5:1:1.5, demould after the reaction is completed to obtain a polyurethane foam model containing mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles; S2. configuring the raw materials according to the alloy matrix composition and melting them to obtain an alloy melt with uniform composition; S3. Coat the polyurethane foam model, place it in a mold to seal and shape it, slowly pour the alloy melt into it, clean it after cooling, and obtain a lightweight alloy material. Comparative Example 2: A lightweight alloy material consisting of a titanium-aluminum alloy matrix and mesoporous high-entropy metal oxide nanoparticles; The mass proportion of the mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles is 7wt%; The preparation method of the light alloy material comprises the following steps: S1. adding mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles into water and uniformly dispersing them by ultrasonication to obtain a suspension; S2. Mix the polyether polyol, catalyst, foam stabilizer and suspension in proportion and pour them into a mold, add polyisocyanate and stir quickly and evenly, cover the mold and foam at room temperature, the mass ratio of polyether polyol, polyisocyanate, suspension, catalyst and foam stabilizer is 60:40:8.5:1:1.5, and after the reaction is completed, demold to obtain a polyurethane foam model containing mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles; S3. configuring the raw materials according to the alloy matrix composition and melting them to obtain an alloy melt with uniform composition; S4. The polyurethane foam model is coated with a coating, placed in a mold to seal and shape, slowly cast into the alloy melt, and cleaned after cooling to obtain a lightweight alloy material; The aluminum-titanium alloy matrix is ​​composed of the following components in weight ratio: Al: 8wt%; Nb: 0.9wt%; the balance is Ti; The composition of the mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles is (Al 0.2 Cr 0.2 Co 0.2 La 0.2 Y 0.2 ) 2 O 3 ; The method for preparing the mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles comprises the following steps: S21. The metal salts were dissolved in deionized water in proportion, and a surfactant was added and stirred to dissolve to obtain a uniform solution; S22. Aqueous ammonia was added to the solution, stirred until the reaction was completed, filtered, washed and dried to obtain a precursor; S23. The precursor is calcined at 700°C for 1 hour to remove the surfactant and obtain mesoporous high-entropy metal oxide nanoparticles. Comparative Example 3: A lightweight alloy material consisting of a titanium-aluminum alloy matrix and mesoporous high-entropy metal oxide nanoparticles; The mass proportion of the mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles is 7wt%; The preparation method of the light alloy material comprises the following steps: S1. adding mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles into water and uniformly dispersing them by ultrasonication to obtain a suspension; S2. Mix the polyether polyol, catalyst, foam stabilizer and suspension in proportion and pour them into a mold, add polyisocyanate and stir quickly and evenly, cover the mold and foam at room temperature, the mass ratio of polyether polyol, polyisocyanate, suspension, catalyst and foam stabilizer is 60:40:8.5:1:1.5, and after the reaction is completed, demold to obtain a polyurethane foam model containing mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles; S3. configuring the raw materials according to the alloy matrix composition and melting them to obtain an alloy melt with uniform composition; S4. The polyurethane foam model is coated with a coating, placed in a mold to seal and shape, slowly cast into the alloy melt, and cleaned after cooling to obtain a lightweight alloy material; The aluminum-titanium alloy matrix is ​​composed of the following components in weight ratio: Al: 13wt%; Nb: 2.4wt%; Si: 0.5wt%; Ta: 0.12wt%; the balance is Ti; The composition of the mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles is (Al 0.5 Cr 0.5 ) 2 O 3 ; The method for preparing the mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles comprises the following steps: S21. The metal salts were dissolved in deionized water in proportion, and a surfactant was added and stirred to dissolve to obtain a uniform solution; S22. Aqueous ammonia was added to the solution, stirred until the reaction was completed, filtered, washed and dried to obtain a precursor; S23. The precursor is calcined at 700°C for 1 hour to remove the surfactant and obtain mesoporous high-entropy metal oxide nanoparticles. Comparative Example 4: A lightweight alloy material consisting of a titanium-aluminum alloy matrix and mesoporous high-entropy metal oxide nanoparticles; The mass proportion of the mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles is 7wt%; The preparation method of the light alloy material comprises the following steps: S1. adding mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles into water and uniformly dispersing them by ultrasonication to obtain a suspension; S2. Mix the polyether polyol, catalyst, foam stabilizer and suspension in proportion and pour them into a mold, add polyisocyanate and stir quickly and evenly, cover the mold and foam at room temperature, the mass ratio of polyether polyol, polyisocyanate, suspension, catalyst and foam stabilizer is 60:40:8.5:1:1.5, and after the reaction is completed, demold to obtain a polyurethane foam model containing mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles; S3. configuring the raw materials according to the alloy matrix composition and melting them to obtain an alloy melt with uniform composition; S4. The polyurethane foam model is coated with a coating, placed in a mold to seal and shape, slowly cast into the alloy melt, and cleaned after cooling to obtain a lightweight alloy material; The aluminum-titanium alloy matrix is ​​composed of the following components in weight ratio: Al: 13wt%; Nb: 2.4wt%; Si: 0.5wt%; Ta: 0.12wt%; the balance is Ti; The composition of the mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles is (Al 0.2 Cr 0.2 Co 0.2 La 0.2 Y 0.2 ) 2 O 3 ; The method for preparing the mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles comprises the following steps: S21. The metal salts were dissolved in deionized water in proportion, and a surfactant was added and stirred to dissolve to obtain a uniform solution; S22. Aqueous ammonia was added to the solution, stirred until the reaction was completed, filtered, washed and dried to obtain a precursor; S23. The precursor is calcined at 600°C for 1 hour to remove the surfactant and obtain mesoporous high-entropy metal oxide nanoparticles. Comparative Example 5: A lightweight alloy material consisting of a titanium-aluminum alloy matrix and mesoporous high-entropy metal oxide nanoparticles; The mass proportion of the mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles is 7wt%; The preparation method of the light alloy material comprises the following steps: S1. configuring the raw materials according to the alloy matrix composition and melting them to obtain an alloy melt with uniform composition; S2. adding mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles into the alloy melt and maintaining stirring; S3. Start the centrifuge to make the mold reach a speed of 900r / min, and pour the alloy melt containing nanoparticles, cool the molding and demold to obtain a lightweight alloy material; The aluminum-titanium alloy matrix is ​​composed of the following components in weight ratio: Al: 13wt%; Nb: 2.4wt%; Si: 0.5wt%; Ta: 0.12wt%; the balance is Ti; The composition of the mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles is (Al 0.2 Cr 0.2 Co 0.2 La 0.2 Y 0.2 ) 2 O 3 ; The method for preparing the mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles comprises the following steps: S21. The metal salts were dissolved in deionized water in proportion, and a surfactant was added and stirred to dissolve to obtain a uniform solution; S22. Aqueous ammonia was added to the solution, stirred until the reaction was completed, filtered, washed and dried to obtain a precursor; S23. The precursor is calcined at 900°C for 1 hour to remove the surfactant and obtain mesoporous high-entropy metal oxide nanoparticles. Dumbbell-shaped tensile specimens were prepared for each embodiment and comparative example according to GB / T 228.1-2015. The specimens had a circular cross section, a diameter of 5 mm, and an original gauge length of 35 mm. Tensile tests were performed at 25°C, 300°C, and 900°C, respectively. During the test, the temperature deviation was kept within ±3°C. The test results are shown in Tables 1 to 5. Table 1 Effect of different high entropy metal oxide nanoparticle contents on material properties Table 2 Effect of different alloy element contents on material properties Table 3 Effect of different metal oxide components on material properties Table 4 Effect of different high entropy metal oxide calcination temperatures on material properties Table 5 Effect of different casting methods on material properties In summary, each embodiment of the present invention has high strength at room temperature, and can maintain above 610 MPa at 300° C. and 900° C., and has good mechanical properties and high temperature resistance.

Claims

1. A high temperature resistant light alloy material, characterized in that: The high temperature resistant light alloy material consists of a titanium aluminum alloy matrix and mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles.

2. The high temperature resistant light alloy material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass proportion of the mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles is 3-9wt%.

3. The method for preparing a high temperature resistant light alloy material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Preparation of polyurethane foam model containing mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles; S2. configuring the raw materials according to the alloy matrix composition and melting them to obtain an alloy melt with uniform composition; S3. Coat the polyurethane foam model, place it in a mold to seal and shape it, slowly pour the alloy melt into it, clean it after cooling, and obtain a high-temperature resistant lightweight alloy material.

4. The method for preparing a high temperature resistant light alloy material according to claim 3, characterized in that: The steps of preparing a polyurethane foam model containing mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles include: S11. adding mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles into water and uniformly dispersing them by ultrasonication to obtain a suspension; S12. Mix the polyether polyol, catalyst, foam stabilizer and suspension in proportion and pour into the mold, add polyisocyanate and stir quickly and evenly, cover the mold and foam at room temperature, and after the reaction is completed, demold to obtain a polyurethane foam model containing mesoporous high-entropy metal oxide nanoparticles.

5. The method for preparing a high temperature resistant light alloy material according to claim 4, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the polyether polyol, polyisocyanate, suspension, catalyst and foam stabilizer in step S12 is 50-70:30-50:7-10:0.5-1.5:1-2.

6. The high temperature resistant light alloy material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aluminum-titanium alloy matrix is ​​composed of the following components in weight ratio: Composition: Al: 10-13wt%; Nb: 1.2-2.4wt%; Si: 0.2-0.5wt%; Ta: 0.05-0.12wt%; the balance is Ti.

7. The high temperature resistant light alloy material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composition of the mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles is (Al 0.15-0.25 Cr 0.15-0.25 Co 0.15-0.25 La 0.15-0.25 Y 0.15-0.25 )2O3.

8. The high temperature resistant light alloy material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for preparing the mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles comprises the following steps: S21. The aluminum salt, chromium salt, cobalt salt, lanthanum salt and yttrium salt are dissolved in deionized water in proportion, and a surfactant is added and stirred to dissolve to obtain a uniform solution; S22. Aqueous ammonia was added to the solution, stirred until the reaction was completed, filtered, washed and dried to obtain a precursor; S23. The precursor is calcined at high temperature to remove the surfactant and obtain mesoporous high entropy metal oxide nanoparticles.

9. The high temperature resistant light alloy material according to claim 8, characterized in that: The calcination temperature in step S23 is 700-900° C., and the calcination time is 1-2 hours.

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