River channel diversion structure

Abstract

The invention provides a river flow guide structure which comprises a flow separation embankment and a first flow guide wall, wherein the flow separation embankment divides a river into a first river and a second river, and the first flow guide wall is arranged on the side, away from the first river, of the flow separation embankment; the first guide wall extends in the height direction of the river channel; the value range of the distance B1 between the first flow guide wall and the flow separation embankment is that B1 is greater than or equal to 0.3 * B0; wherein B0 is the width of the approach channel opening; the projection of the first flow guide wall in the first direction and the projection of the flow separation embankment in the first direction have an overlapping area; the projection of the first guide wall in the first direction and the projection of the entrance area in the first direction have an overlapping area; the first direction is the extension direction of the river bank part forming the boundary of the entrance area; from the overlook direction, the included angle theta between the length direction and the first direction of the first flow guide wall is larger than or equal to 0 degree and smaller than or equal to 15 degrees.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of waterway construction, and in particular relates to a river diversion structure for improving navigation flow conditions at a navigation channel entrance area. Background Art

[0002] Due to the construction of water conservancy and hydropower projects, the river channel is blocked by the dam, resulting in the original river channel being blocked. Usually, a ship lock is built on the project to connect the upstream and downstream of the dam to ensure the normal passage of passing ships. Because the construction of water conservancy and hydropower projects will partially change the shape of the river channel or reduce the flow section of the river channel, especially in mountainous rivers, the construction of the project will greatly change the flow state and flow rate of the water flow in the river channel downstream of the project, resulting in oblique water flow, backflow, vortex and other unfavorable flow states in the downstream navigation channel gate area, which will have an adverse impact on the safe entry and exit of ships in the ship lock, and reduce the operation efficiency and benefits of the project ship lock.

[0003] In order to make the water flow conditions at the entrance of the pilot channel meet the requirements of safe and rapid entry and exit of ships, it is necessary to control the water flow conditions at the entrance of the pilot channel within the range where ships can enter and exit safely through engineering and technical measures. Scientific and technological workers in this engineering field have conducted a lot of research on engineering measures to improve the water flow conditions at the entrance of the pilot channel, including adjusting the length of the isolation dike and the type of dike head, opening holes in the dike body for drainage, expanding holes outside the diversion dike, floating structure of the diversion dike, and stacked assembled diversion pier structure. In practice, the scale of each project, the boundary conditions of the river channel, the flood discharge methods of the discharge structures, etc. vary greatly. The above-mentioned measures or combinations of measures are all optimized on the dike itself. When the flow rate in the upstream flood discharge area is large or a strong oblique flow is formed due to the trend of the river channel itself, the existing technology is difficult to effectively solve the unfavorable navigation flow conditions in the pilot channel entrance area. When the ship passes through the pilot channel entrance area, the lateral drift and hull swaying are large. In severe cases, the ship cannot safely enter and exit the pilot channel entrance area and can only operate under a smaller navigation flow. The navigation capacity of the project cannot meet the design requirements and the construction goals of the project cannot be achieved. Summary of the invention

[0004] The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a river diversion structure to address the problem that ships cannot safely enter and exit the navigation channel entrance area due to oblique flow and lateral fluctuations in the navigation channel entrance area caused by flood discharge from hydropower projects and complex terrain.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a river channel diversion structure, comprising a flow-isolating dike (1), the flow-isolating dike (1) extending from an entrance area (103) in a direction away from the entrance area (103), the flow-isolating dike (1) dividing the river channel into a first river channel (101) and a second river channel (102) arranged adjacent to each other in the river channel width direction, the first river channel (101) forming a navigation channel and being arranged directly opposite to the entrance area (103); The river channel diversion structure further comprises a first diversion wall (21), wherein the first diversion wall (21) is arranged on a side of the flow separation dike (1) away from the first river channel (101); The first guide wall (21) extends in the height direction of the river channel; The distance B1 between the first guide wall (21) and the flow barrier (1) has a value range of B1≥0.3×B0; wherein B0 is the width of the pilot channel entrance (i.e. the width at the junction of the pilot channel and the entrance area); A projection of the first guide wall (21) in the first direction (LA) and a projection of the flow separation dike (1) in the first direction (LA) have a first overlapping area; The projection of the first guide wall (21) in the first direction (LA) and the projection of the mouth area (103) in the first direction (LA) have a second overlapping area; the first direction (LA) is the extension direction of the river bank (4) portion forming the boundary of the mouth area (103); When viewed from above, the included angle between the length direction of the first guide wall (21) and the first direction (LA) is θ, and 0°≤θ≤15°.

[0006] According to the above technical solution, the angle θ between the length direction of the first guide wall (21) and the first direction (LA) is small, that is, close to the downstream direction of the navigation channel (as part of the first river channel), so that it can play a role in blocking the oblique flow from the second river channel, and adjust the oblique flow to a direction similar to the direction of the navigation channel water flow. In addition, since the projections of the first guide wall and the flow barrier in the first direction have an overlapping area, and the projections of the first guide wall and the gate area in the first direction have an overlapping area, that is, the part of the projection of the first guide wall that does not overlap with the projection of the flow barrier is located on the downstream side of the projection of the flow barrier, it not only reduces the impact of the lateral flow on the water flow in the gate area, but also the overlapping area plays a certain role in blocking the water flow that may enter the gate area from the oblique direction. By reducing the impact of the oblique flow and the lateral fluctuation, the navigation water flow conditions in the gate area are improved. When the ship passes through the gate area in front of the navigation channel, the ship's drift and hull shaking are reduced, ensuring the safety of the ship.

[0007] In the above technical solution, the length Ld of the first guide wall (21) is: When Bs / Bx≤2, Ld=2×B0; When Bs / Bx>2, Ld=(Bs×B0) / Bx; Wherein, B0 is the width of the navigation channel entrance; Bs is the width of the entrance of the second river channel (102); and Bx is the width of the exit of the second river channel (102). The exit of the first river channel (101) and the exit of the second river channel (102) are arranged adjacent to each other.

[0008] In the above technical solution, the distance B1 between the first guide wall (21) and the flow barrier (1) has a value range of 0.5×B0≤B1≤B0; Among them, B0 is the width of the pilot channel.

[0009] In the above technical solution, the length L1 of the portion of the first guide wall (21) corresponding to the first overlapping area has a value range of B1≤L1≤1.5×B1.

[0010] In the above technical solution, the second river channel (102) has a first structure or a second structure; When the second river channel (102) has the first structure, the angle between the projections of the river bank (4) forming the boundary of the second river channel (102) and the flow barrier (1) forming the boundary of the second river channel (102) on the horizontal plane is less than 30°; When the second channel (102) has the second structure, the second channel (102) has at least a first channel section (102A), and the angle of projection of the river bank (4) portion forming the boundary of the first channel section (102A) and the flow barrier (1) forming the boundary of the first channel section (102A) on the horizontal plane is greater than or equal to 30°.

[0011] In a preferred technical solution, when the second river channel (102) has a first structure, the length L1 of the portion of the first guide wall (21) corresponding to the first overlapping area is L1=B1; when the second river channel (102) has a second structure, L1=1.5×B1.

[0012] According to the above technical solution, when the second river channel has the first structure, the second river channel does not form an obvious turning structure or river channel narrowing structure, so that the upstream flow basically travels along the flow barrier, and the oblique flow of the upstream flow has a small impact, so that the length L1 of the overlapping area can be set to a small value. When the second river channel has the second structure, the angle between the projection of the river bank portion forming the boundary of the first river channel section and the flow barrier forming the boundary of the first river channel section on the horizontal plane is greater than or equal to 30°, thereby forming an obvious river channel narrowing structure or turning structure, so the oblique flow has a large impact, so that the length L1 of the overlapping area can be set to a large value.

[0013] In the above technical solution, the value range of the elevation Z of the top of the first guide wall (21) is Zmax+1.5 meters ≤ Z ≤ Zmax+2 meters; wherein Zmax is the highest navigable water level of the river channel.

[0014] In the above technical solution, the first cross-section of the first guide wall (21) is in the shape of a triangle, and the first cross-section of the first guide wall (21) is a cross-section parallel to both the length direction and the height direction of the first guide wall (21); or The top edge and the bottom edge of the first guide wall (21) are parallel to each other, and the length of the top edge of the first guide wall (21) is not greater than the length of the bottom edge of the first guide wall (21); preferably, the shape of the first cross section of the first guide wall (21) is a rectangle or a trapezoid, and the first cross section of the first guide wall (21) is a cross section parallel to both the length direction and the height direction of the first guide wall (21).

[0015] Since the guide wall is subjected to greater force at a lower position in the water and smaller force at a higher position, the above technical solution sets the length of the top edge of the first guide wall to be no greater than the length of the bottom edge of the first guide wall, and the width of the triangle also gradually decreases from bottom to top, thereby making the structure of the first guide wall more stable.

[0016] In the above technical solution, the flow barrier (1) extends from the end of the mouth area (103) in a direction away from the mouth area (103).

[0017] In the above technical solution, the first guide wall (21) comprises a first side surface (31), a second side surface (32), a third side surface (33), and a first curved surface (37) extending in the direction of the river channel height; the angle between the first side surface (31) and the second side surface (32) is less than or equal to 30°, and the extension direction of the second side surface (32) is parallel to the first direction (LA); when viewed from the top, the second side surface (32) is arranged toward the flow-isolating dike (1), the first curved surface (37) is arranged away from the flow-isolating dike (1), the opening formed by the first curved surface (37) is arranged toward a direction away from the flow-isolating dike (1), and the first side surface (31), the second side surface (32), the third side surface (33), and the first curved surface (37) are connected end to end in sequence; from the connection point between the first curved surface (37) and the first side surface (31) to the connection point between the first curved surface (37) and the third side surface (33), the first curved surface (37) extends toward a direction away from the mouth area (103); When the pilot channel is located on the upstream side of the entrance area (103), the first side surface (31) is located on the upstream side of the third side surface (33); when the pilot channel is located on the downstream side of the entrance area (103), the first side surface (31) is located on the downstream side of the third side surface (33).

[0018] According to the above technical solution, the angle between the first side surface and the second side surface is less than or equal to 30°, so that the angle between the first side surface, the second side surface and the main flow direction of the second river channel (i.e., the flow direction of the water flow near the position of the flow barrier in the second river channel) is smaller, thereby reducing the impact of this part of the water flow on the first guide wall. By setting the first curved surface, the water flow that obliquely impacts the first guide wall (i.e., the water flow that has an acute angle with the first guide wall) can be guided by the first curved surface, which not only increases the adjustment effect on the oblique flow, but also reduces the impact of the water flow on the head of the first guide wall through the shape setting of the guide wall. Moreover, the first curved surface extends in a direction away from the gate area, that is, the distance between the end of the first curved surface on the downstream side (i.e., the connection between the first curved surface and the third side surface) and the gate area is greater than the distance between the end of the first curved surface on the upstream side (i.e., the connection between the first curved surface and the first side surface) and the gate area, thereby guiding the water flow to a position away from the gate area, thereby further improving the navigable water flow conditions in the gate area.

[0019] In the above technical solution, the river channel diversion structure further comprises a second diversion wall (22), the second diversion wall (22) being arranged on a side of the first diversion wall (21) away from the flow separation dike (1); the length direction of the second diversion wall (22) is parallel to the length direction of the first diversion wall (21); The first projection and the second projection have an overlapping area, and the area of ​​the second projection that does not overlap with the first projection is located on the upstream side or the downstream side of the first projection; The first projection is a projection of the first guide wall (21) in the first direction (LA), and the second projection is a projection of the second guide wall (22) in the first direction (LA).

[0020] According to the above technical solution, the second guide wall can further play a role in blocking and adjusting the oblique flow and lateral fluctuation, greatly reducing the navigation hydraulic index of the approach channel entrance area. The oblique flow and lateral fluctuation part flowing to the second guide wall are blocked and flow forward along the length direction of the second guide wall, thereby playing a role in blocking the water flow. When the area in the second projection that does not overlap with the first projection is located on the upstream or downstream side of the first projection, the second guide wall further plays a role in blocking the oblique flow flowing to the entrance area, thereby further improving the navigation water flow conditions in the entrance area, and because the second guide wall is set on the side of the first guide wall away from the flow barrier, the distance between the second guide wall and the entrance area is farther than the distance between the first guide wall and the entrance area, which can avoid interference with ships passing through the entrance area as much as possible. When the area in the second projection that does not overlap with the first projection is located on the upstream or downstream side of the first projection, the second guide wall is set to protect the first guide wall.

[0021] In a preferred technical solution, the second guide wall (22) is provided with at least one first through hole (201), so that water located on a side of the second guide wall (22) away from the first guide wall (21) flows through the first through hole (201) to a side of the second guide wall (22) close to the first guide wall (21); When the number of the second guide walls (22) is at least two, the second guide walls (22) are arranged at intervals, and for the second guide wall (22) that is closest to the first guide wall (21) among the second guide walls (22), at least part of the first through hole (201) of the second guide wall (22) is arranged toward the first guide wall (21), and the part of the first guide wall (21) that faces the first through hole (201) is a part of the first guide wall (21) that is not penetrated.

[0022] Through the above arrangement, part of the water flows through the first through hole to the surface of the first guide wall, that is, it cannot directly pass through the first guide wall, thereby not only blocking the water flow, but also protecting the first guide wall through the arrangement of the second guide wall.

[0023] In a preferred technical solution, the river channel guide structure comprises at least two second guide walls (22), and the first through hole (201) opened in any second guide wall (22) and the first through hole (201) opened in the second guide wall (22) adjacent to any second guide wall (22) are staggered.

[0024] According to the above technical solution, the first through holes opened on adjacent second guide walls are staggered, so that the water flow advancing in the direction toward the first guide wall is blocked by the second through hole of the next second guide wall after passing through the first through hole of the previous second guide wall, and can only pass through the second through hole at the staggered position, thereby slowing down the flow rate of the oblique flow and reducing the amplitude of the lateral fluctuation, thereby reducing the impact of the water flow on the first guide wall.

[0025] In another preferred technical solution, for the second guide wall (22) closest to the first guide wall (21) among the second guide walls (22), the second guide wall (22) has a fourth side surface (34), a fifth side surface (35), a sixth side surface (36), and a second arcuate surface (38) extending in the direction of the river channel height; the included angle between the fourth side surface (34) and the fifth side surface (35) is less than or equal to 30°, and the extension direction of the fifth side surface (35) is parallel to the first direction (LA); when viewed from a top view, the fifth side surface (35) faces the first guide wall ( 21), the second curved surface (38) is arranged away from the first guide wall (21), the opening formed by the second curved surface (38) is arranged in a direction away from the first guide wall (21), the fourth side surface (34), the fifth side surface (35), the sixth side surface (36), and the second curved surface (38) are connected end to end in sequence; from the connection point between the second curved surface (38) and the fourth side surface (34) to the connection point between the second curved surface (38) and the sixth side surface (36), the second curved surface (38) extends in a direction away from the mouth area (103); When the pilot channel is located on the upstream side of the entrance area (103), the fourth side surface (34) is located on the upstream side of the sixth side surface (36); when the pilot channel is located on the downstream side of the entrance area (103), the fourth side surface (34) is located on the downstream side of the sixth side surface (36).

[0026] According to the above technical solution, the angle between the fourth side and the fifth side is less than or equal to 30°, so that the angle between the fourth side, the fifth side and the main flow direction of the second river channel (i.e., the flow direction of the water flow near the position of the flow barrier in the second river channel) is smaller, thereby reducing the impact of this part of the water flow on the second guide wall. By setting the second curved surface, the water flow that obliquely impacts the second guide wall (i.e., the water flow that has an acute angle with the second guide wall) can be guided by the second curved surface, which not only blocks the oblique flow, but also reduces the impact of the oblique flow on the second guide wall through the setting of the curved surface, thereby reducing the destructive effect of the water flow impact on the second guide wall. Moreover, the distance between the end of the second curved surface on the downstream side (i.e., the connection between the second curved surface and the sixth side) and the gate area is greater than the distance between the end of the second curved surface on the upstream side (i.e., the connection between the second curved surface and the fourth side) and the gate area, thereby guiding the water flow to a position away from the gate area, thereby further improving the navigable water flow conditions in the gate area.

[0027] The advantages and positive effects of the present invention are: 1. The diversion wall designed by the present invention is arranged in combination with the flow barrier, which has a small amount of additional engineering work, simple construction and obvious economy; 2. The present invention adds a diversion wall in the river on one side of the traditional diversion dike, and adjusts the upstream flow through the diversion dike and the diversion wall. At the same time, the water flow in the channel between the diversion dike and the diversion wall offsets the outer water flow at the end of the diversion wall and diffuses to the entrance area, which can effectively improve the navigation flow conditions at the entrance area of ​​the pilot channel, is suitable for various navigation flow levels, improves the safety of ships entering and exiting the downstream pilot channel, and has low maintenance costs in the later stage, thereby increasing the operation efficiency and benefits of the project; 3. The diversion wall of the present invention is arranged along the river channel, which has little obstruction to the flow of flood in the river channel and little impact on flood control in the river channel; 4. The present invention can be applied to the layout of downstream pilot channels of different water conservancy and hydropower projects, has universal reference value in the design of ship lock pilot channel projects, and has high value for promotion and application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative labor.

[0029] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the plan layout of the river diversion structure of Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic cross-sectional view of the first guide wall; Figure 3 This is a flow velocity diagram of the mouth area when the solution of Example 1 of the present invention is not adopted; Figure 4 This is a flow velocity diagram of the mouth area when the solution of Example 1 of the present invention is adopted; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the plan layout of the river diversion structure according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the plan layout of the river diversion structure of Example 3 of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the plan layout of the river diversion structure of Example 4 of the present invention; Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the plan layout of the river diversion structure of Example 5 of the present invention.

[0030] In the above drawings: Flow separation dike 1; first guide wall 21; second guide wall 22; A first side surface 31; a second side surface 32; a third side surface 33; a fourth side surface 34; a fifth side surface 35; a sixth side surface 36; a first curved surface 37; a second curved surface 38; a river bank 4; a riverbed foundation 5; First river channel 101; second river channel 102; first section 102A; second section 102B; third section 102C; entrance area 103; LA is the first direction; LB is the second direction; LC is the length direction of the first diversion wall; θ is the angle between the length direction of the first diversion wall and the first direction (i.e., the angle between the diversion wall and the flow-isolating dike); Ld is the length of the first diversion wall; B0 is the width of the navigation channel entrance; Bs is the width at the entrance of the second channel (i.e., the flood discharge width of the upstream channel); Bx is the width at the exit of the second channel (i.e., the flood discharge width of the channel at the entrance and exit of the navigation channel); B1 is the distance between the first diversion wall and the flow-isolating dike (the distance between the upstream end of the diversion wall and the flow-isolating dike); L1 is the length of the portion of the first diversion wall corresponding to the first overlapping area (when θ=0°, it is the length of the overlapping portion of the projection of the first diversion wall and the flow-isolating dike); L2 is the length of the diversion wall beyond the end of the flow-isolating dike; Z is the elevation of the top of the first diversion wall; and Zmax is the highest navigable water level of the channel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following will be combined with the drawings of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0032] Example 1 like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment 1 provides a river diversion structure, including a flow-isolating dike 1, which extends from the mouth area 103 to a direction away from the mouth area 103, and the flow-isolating dike 1 divides the river into a first river channel 101 and a second river channel 102 which are adjacent to each other in the width direction of the river channel. The first river channel 101 forms a navigation channel and is arranged opposite to the mouth area 103.

[0033] The river channel diversion structure further includes a first diversion wall 21, which is arranged on a side of the flow separation dike 1 away from the first river channel 101; The first guide wall 21 extends in the height direction of the river channel; The distance B1 (i.e., the distance in the second direction) between the first guide wall 21 and the flow-isolating dike 1 facing the first guide wall 21 has a value range of B1≥0.3×B0, where B0 is the width of the pilot channel. When the first guide wall is not parallel to the flow-isolating dike, B1 is the shortest distance between the first guide wall 21 and the flow-isolating dike 1 facing the first guide wall 21.

[0034] The projection of the first guide wall 21 in the first direction LA and the projection of the flow separation dike 1 in the first direction LA have a first overlapping area.

[0035] One end of the projection of the first guide wall 21 in the first direction LA is located in front of (i.e., on the downstream side) the projection of the flow barrier 1 in the first direction LA. The projection of the first guide wall 21 in the first direction LA and the projection of the gate area 103 in the first direction LA have a second overlapping area. The first direction LA is the extension direction of the river bank 4 portion that forms the boundary of the gate area 103. The first overlapping area and the second overlapping area constitute the complete projection of the first guide wall 21 in the first direction LA. It should be noted that in this embodiment, the water flows from the navigation channel side to the gate area direction. It is also applicable when the water flows from the gate area side to the navigation channel direction.

[0036] When viewed from a top view, an angle between the length direction LC of the first guide wall 21 and the first direction LA is θ, and 0°≤θ≤15°.

[0037] The length Ld of the first guide wall 21 is: When Bs / Bx≤2, Ld=2×B0; When Bs / Bx>2, Ld=(Bs×B0) / Bx; Among them, B0 is the width of the pilot channel entrance; Bs is the width of the entrance position of the second river channel 102; Bx is the width of the exit position of the second river channel 102, and the exit position of the first river channel 101 and the exit position of the second river channel 102 are arranged adjacent to each other. The extension line of the exit position of the second river channel 102 passes through the entrance position of the gate area 103. In the present invention, the pilot channel entrance is located at the junction of the pilot channel and the gate area. When the water flows from the pilot channel side to the gate area, the pilot channel entrance is the exit of the pilot channel; when the water flows from the gate area side to the pilot channel, the pilot channel entrance is the entrance of the pilot channel.

[0038] The distance B1 between the first guide wall 21 and the flow barrier 1 has a value range of 0.5×B0≤B1≤B0; Among them, B0 is the width of the pilot channel.

[0039] The length L1 of the portion of the first guide wall 21 corresponding to the first overlapping area has a value range of B1≤L1≤1.5×B1.

[0040] The second river channel 102 has a first structure or a second structure; When the second channel 102 has the first structure, the angle between the projections of the river bank 4 forming the boundary of the second channel 102 and the flow-isolating dike 1 forming the boundary of the second channel 102 on the horizontal plane is less than 30°; When the second channel 102 has the second structure, the second channel 102 has at least the first channel section 102A, and the angle between the projections of the riverbank 4 forming the boundary of the first channel section 102A and the flow barrier 1 forming the boundary of the first channel section 102A on the horizontal plane is greater than or equal to 30°, thereby forming a contraction section of the second channel 102; When the second channel 102 has the first structure, the length L1 of the portion of the first guide wall 21 corresponding to the first overlapping area is L1=B1; when the second channel 102 has the second structure, L1=1.5×B1. Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment 1 only shows the second river channel with the second structure (i.e., a river channel with an obvious turning structure or a river channel narrowing structure), and does not show the second river channel with the first structure (i.e., a river channel in which the water flow is mainly downstream and the oblique flow is not obvious).

[0041] When the second river channel 102 has the second structure, the second river channel 102 includes a second river channel section 102B, a first river channel section 102A, and a third river channel section 102C connected in sequence; the entrance of the second river channel section 102B and the exit of the third river channel section 102C correspond to the entrance and exit of the second river channel 102, respectively.

[0042] The included angle of projections of the river bank 4 forming the boundary of the second channel section 102B and the flow-isolating dike 1 forming the boundary of the second channel section 102B on the horizontal plane is less than 20°.

[0043] The angle between the projections of the river bank 4 forming the boundary of the first channel section 102A and the flow-isolating dike 1 forming the boundary of the first channel section 102A on the horizontal plane is greater than or equal to 30°, thereby forming a contraction section of the second channel 102 (i.e., a channel section where the width of the second channel 102 becomes smaller).

[0044] The included angle of projections of the river bank 4 portion forming the boundary of the third channel section 102C and the flow-isolating dike 1 forming the boundary of the third channel section 102C on the horizontal plane is less than 20°.

[0045] The value range of the elevation Z of the top of the first guide wall 21 is Zmax+1.5 meters ≤ Z ≤ Zmax+2 meters; Among them, Zmax is the highest navigable water level of the river.

[0046] The first cross section of the first guide wall 21 is in the shape of a triangle, and the first cross section of the first guide wall 21 is parallel to both the length direction and the height direction of the first guide wall 21; or The top side and the bottom side of the first guide wall 21 are parallel to each other, and the length of the top side of the first guide wall 21 is not greater than the length of the bottom side of the first guide wall 21 .

[0047] Preferably, the first cross section of the first guide wall 21 is in a rectangular or trapezoidal shape, and the first cross section of the first guide wall 21 is parallel to both the length direction and the height direction of the first guide wall 21. Figure 2 The first cross section (ie, profile) of the first guide wall 21 in a trapezoidal shape is shown.

[0048] The flow barrier 1 extends from the end of the gate area 103 to a direction away from the gate area 103. The flow barrier 1 can be in the form of a combination of straight line segments and curved line segments. The specific form of the flow barrier 1 is set according to actual needs, which can be understood by those skilled in the art.

[0049] The present invention is described in further detail below.

[0050] The invention is based on the conventional dike of the pilot channel, and further adds a diversion wall at a certain distance on the river side to form a combined diversion wall. The diversion wall and the dike are arranged separately in the transverse direction, and there is a flow passage between the diversion wall and the dike.

[0051] In the present invention, the flow barrier 1 is arranged according to the engineering conditions, such as Figure 1 As shown. A diversion wall 21 is arranged on the river side of the diversion dike 1. The diversion wall 21 has the function of diverting and isolating flow. The basic layout parameters of the diversion wall 21 are as follows: Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, it includes the length of the diversion wall Ld, the overlapping length L1 of the diversion wall and the isolation dam, the length L2 of the diversion wall beyond the end of the isolation dam, the distance B1 between the diversion wall and the isolation dam, the angle θ between the diversion wall and the isolation dam, and the elevation Z of the top of the diversion wall.

[0052] The length of the diversion wall Ld is determined by the ratio of the width of the river at the entrance of the navigation channel to the width of the upstream river, and is calculated in detail according to the following formula: When Bs / Bx≤2, Ld=2×B0; When Bs / Bx>2, Ld=Bs×B0 / Bx; Among them, B0 is the width of the navigation channel entrance; Bs is the flood discharge width of the upstream river channel; Bx is the flood discharge width of the river channel at the entrance and exit of the navigation channel. Among them, the units of B0, Bs, and Bx are consistent, for example, meters (m).

[0053] The distance B1 between the diversion wall and the dike is B1=(0.5~1.0)×B0. B1 is to increase the distance between the diversion wall and the dike to form a flow passage between the diversion wall and the gate, and use the water flow to block the upstream flow and diffuse to the gate area after passing through the diversion wall to form an oblique flow, so as to reduce the navigation hydraulic index of the gate area. The overlapping length L1 between the guide wall and the flow-isolating dike is L1=(1~1.5)B1: When there is an oblique flow in the upstream flow, L1 can take a larger value in the above range, such as the maximum value. The value of L1 should be able to block and adjust the upstream oblique flow to prevent the oblique flow from directly entering the navigation channel entrance area; when the upstream flow travels along the flow-isolating dike, L1 can take a smaller value in the above range, such as the minimum value.

[0054] The length L2 of the diversion wall beyond the end of the flow separation dike is L2=Ld-L1.

[0055] The included angle θ between the diversion wall and the flow barrier is 0° to 15°. θ is generally 0°.

[0056] The elevation Z of the top of the diversion wall can be increased by 1.5m~2.0m based on the highest navigable water level (Zmax), that is, Z=Zmax+(1.5~2.0)m.

[0057] The development task of a hydropower project is mainly to generate electricity, improve navigation conditions, combine flood control and sediment interception, and take irrigation into consideration. The waterway grade of the project is Grade IV, taking into account the passage of a 1000t single ship. The highest navigable water level downstream is 277.25m, and the corresponding flow is 12000m³ / s. A 788.00m long flow barrier is set downstream of the ship lock, the inlet and outlet width B0 of the flow barrier section is 60.00m, and the length of the downstream pilot channel gate area is 240.00m. The prototype ship experiment shows that when the outflow flow is 8900m³ / s, the designed ship can barely pass because the lateral flow velocity in the pilot channel gate area is greater than 0.60m / s. When the outflow flow continues to increase, the navigation flow conditions are worse, and it is difficult for the actual ship to enter the pilot channel safely.

[0058] Through the analysis of the characteristics of the case project, it is found that the width of the upstream river channel of the downstream navigation channel of this project is about 600.00m, and the width of the river channel at the inlet and outlet of the navigation channel is about 220.00m. The river channel is obviously narrowed, and the upstream flow forms an obvious oblique flow directly through the mouth. At the same time, the mouth area is close to the discharge area, and the flow velocity in the mouth area is high. Therefore, the project needs to adopt a new technical solution to solve the navigation problem of high lateral flow velocity in the mouth area. The project adopts the scheme of the present invention, and the first diversion wall is set on the right side (river side) of the downstream isolation dike of the current design scheme. The first diversion wall is set at 60.00m on the right side of the downstream isolation dike, and the angle θ between the first diversion wall and the isolation dike is 0°, the length of the first diversion wall Ld is 165.00m, the overlapping length L1 of the first diversion wall and the isolation dike is 65.00m, the length L2 of the first diversion wall beyond the end of the isolation dike is 100.00m, and the elevation Z of the top of the first diversion wall is 279.25m.

[0059] The test results on the 1:100 hydraulic structure model show that the maximum navigable flow rate is 12000m³ / s. Figure 3As shown, when the invention solution is not adopted, the lateral flow velocity in the 160.00m long range of the 240.00m long mouth area is significantly greater than 0.30m / s, and most are greater than 0.50m / s, with a maximum of 0.83m / s. Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment 1, after the first guide wall (which plays the role of guiding and isolating flow) and the isolating dike are used to form a new combination scheme of guide wall arrangement at the approach channel entrance, the lateral flow velocity at only some measuring points within the range of 80.00m in the approach channel entrance gate area is greater than 0.30m / s, and the maximum is 0.35m / s. The navigable water flow conditions are significantly improved, and the flow velocity indicators on the track line through the gate area basically meet the requirements of the specifications and standards. Figure 3 , Figure 4 The unit of flow velocity is m / s.

[0060] Example 2 like Figure 5 The figure shows a plan view of the river channel diversion structure shown in this embodiment 2. The difference between this embodiment 2 and embodiment 1 is that: the first diversion wall 21 has a first side surface 31, a second side surface 32, a third side surface 33, and a first curved surface 37 extending in the river channel height direction; the angle between the first side surface 31 and the second side surface 32 is less than or equal to 30°, and the extension direction of the second side surface 32 is parallel to the first direction LA; from the top view, the second side surface 32 is arranged toward the flow separation dike 1, the first curved surface 37 is arranged away from the flow separation dike 1, and the opening formed by the first curved surface 37 is arranged toward the direction away from the flow separation dike 1, and the first side surface 31, the second side surface 32, the third side surface 33, and the first curved surface 37 are connected end to end in sequence (that is, the first curved surface 37 is connected to the first side surface 31). In this embodiment, the first side surface 31 is located on the upstream side of the third side surface 33. From the connection point between the first curved surface 37 and the first side surface 31 to the connection point between the first curved surface 37 and the third side surface 33, the first curved surface 37 extends in a direction away from the mouth area 103, thereby diverting at least part of the water flow in the second river channel 102 flowing toward the mouth area to a position away from the mouth area.

[0061] The distance between the connection point of the first curved surface 37 and the first side surface 31 and the mouth area 103 in the second direction LB is smaller than the distance between the connection point of the first curved surface 37 and the third side surface 33 and the mouth area 103 in the second direction LB; the second direction LB is perpendicular to the first direction and perpendicular to the river channel height direction.

[0062] In the top view, from the first end 371 of the first arc surface (the end of the first arc surface 37 located on the upstream side) to the second end 372 of the first arc surface (the end of the first arc surface 37 located on the downstream side), the distance from the mouth area in the second direction LB gradually increases. At the first end 371 of the first arc surface, the angle between the tangent direction of the first arc surface and the first direction LA is less than or equal to 15°. That is, the starting position of the first arc surface is set along the incoming flow direction, so as to facilitate the adjustment of the water flow direction.

[0063] Example 3 like Figure 6 The figure shows a plan view of the river channel diversion structure shown in this embodiment 3. The difference between this embodiment 3 and embodiment 1 is that: the river channel diversion structure further includes a second diversion wall 22, and the second diversion wall 22 is arranged on the side of the first diversion wall 21 away from the flow separation dike 1; the length direction of the second diversion wall 22 is parallel to the length direction of the first diversion wall 21.

[0064] The first projection and the second projection have an overlapping area, and the area of ​​the second projection that does not overlap with the first projection is located on the upstream side of the first projection. The first projection is the projection of the first guide wall 21 in the first direction LA, and the second projection is the projection of the second guide wall 22 in the first direction LA.

[0065] The second guide wall 22 is provided with at least one first through hole 201, so that the water flow located at the side of the second guide wall 22 away from the first guide wall 21 flows through the first through hole 201 to the side of the second guide wall 22 close to the first guide wall 21; When the number of the second guide walls 22 is at least two, the second guide walls 22 are arranged at intervals, and for the second guide wall 22 that is closest to the first guide wall 21 among the second guide walls 22, at least part of the first through holes 201 of the second guide wall 22 is arranged toward the first guide wall 21, and the part of the first guide wall 21 facing the first through holes 201 is the unpenetrated part (i.e., the solid part) on the first guide wall 21. If the first guide wall 21 also has a through hole or a through groove, the part of the first guide wall 21 facing the first through hole 201 is the part without a through hole or a through groove.

[0066] Preferably, the river channel guide structure includes at least two second guide walls 22 , and the first through holes 201 formed in any second guide wall 22 and the first through holes 201 formed in the second guide wall 22 adjacent to the second guide wall 22 are staggered.

[0067] Example 4 like Figure 7The diagram shows a schematic plan layout of the river channel diversion structure of the present embodiment 4. The difference between the present embodiment 4 and the embodiment 3 is that: for the second diversion wall 22 closest to the first diversion wall 21 among the second diversion walls 22, the second diversion wall 22 has a fourth side surface 34, a fifth side surface 35, a sixth side surface 36, and a second curved surface 38 extending in the river channel height direction; the angle between the fourth side surface 34 and the fifth side surface 35 is less than or equal to 30°, and the extension direction of the fifth side surface 35 is parallel to the first direction LA; from the top view, the fifth side surface 35 is arranged toward the first diversion wall 21, the second curved surface 38 is arranged away from the first diversion wall 21, and the opening formed by the second curved surface 38 is arranged toward the direction away from the first diversion wall 21, and the fourth side surface 34, the fifth side surface 35, the sixth side surface 36, and the second curved surface 38 are connected end to end in sequence (that is, the second curved surface 38 is connected to the fourth side surface 34).

[0068] In this embodiment, the fourth side surface 34 is located on the upstream side of the sixth side surface 36; from the connection between the second curved surface 38 and the fourth side surface 34 to the connection between the second curved surface 38 and the sixth side surface 36, the second curved surface 38 extends in a direction away from the mouth area 103, thereby at least diverting part of the water flow in the second river channel 102 flowing toward the mouth area to a position away from the mouth area.

[0069] The distance between the connection point of the second curved surface 38 and the fourth side surface 34 and the mouth area 103 in the second direction LB is smaller than the distance between the connection point of the second curved surface 38 and the sixth side surface 36 and the mouth area 103 in the second direction LB; the second direction LB is perpendicular to the first direction LA and perpendicular to the river channel height direction.

[0070] In the top view, from the first end 381 of the second arc surface (the end of the second arc surface 38 located on the upstream side) to the second end 382 of the second arc surface (the end of the second arc surface 38 located on the downstream side), the distance from the mouth area in the second direction LB gradually increases. At the first end 381 of the second arc surface, the angle between the tangent direction of the second arc surface and the first direction LA is less than or equal to 15°. That is, the starting position of the second arc surface is set along the incoming flow direction, so as to facilitate the adjustment of the water flow direction.

[0071] Openings at both ends of the first through hole 201 of the second guide wall 22 may be located at the fifth side surface 35 and the second arc-shaped surface 38 , respectively.

[0072] Example 5 like Figure 8 The figure shows a plan view of the river channel diversion structure shown in this embodiment 5. The difference between this embodiment 5 and embodiment 3 is that the area of ​​the second projection that does not overlap with the first projection is located on the downstream side of the first projection.

[0073] It should be noted that the various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0074] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above, but the contents are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and cannot be considered to limit the scope of implementation of the present invention. All equivalent changes and improvements made according to the scope of the present invention should still be included in the scope of the present invention. After reading the present invention, the modifications of various equivalent forms of the present invention by those skilled in the art all fall within the scope defined by the claims attached to this application. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

Claims

1. A river channel diversion structure, comprising a flow-isolating dike (1), the flow-isolating dike (1) extending from an entrance area (103) in a direction away from the entrance area (103), the flow-isolating dike (1) dividing a river channel into a first river channel (101) and a second river channel (102) arranged adjacent to each other in a river channel width direction, the first river channel (101) forming a navigation channel and arranged directly opposite to the entrance area (103), characterized in that: The river channel diversion structure further comprises a first diversion wall (21), wherein the first diversion wall (21) is arranged on a side of the flow separation dike (1) away from the first river channel (101); The first guide wall (21) extends in the height direction of the river channel; The distance B1 between the first guide wall (21) and the flow barrier (1) has a value range of B1 ≥ 0.3 × B0, wherein B0 is the width of the pilot channel; The projection of the first guide wall (21) in the first direction (LA) and the projection of the flow barrier (1) in the first direction (LA) have a first overlapping area; the projection of the first guide wall (21) in the first direction (LA) and the projection of the gate area (103) in the first direction (LA) have a second overlapping area; The first direction (LA) is the extension direction of the portion of the river bank (4) forming the boundary of the entrance area (103); When viewed from above, the included angle between the length direction of the first guide wall (21) and the first direction (LA) is θ, and 0°≤θ≤15°.

2. The river channel diversion structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length Ld of the first guide wall (21) is: When Bs / Bx≤2, Ld=2×B0; When Bs / Bx>2, Ld=(Bs×B0) / Bx; Wherein, Bs is the width of the entrance position of the second river channel (102); Bx is the width of the exit position of the second river channel (102); the exit position of the first river channel (101) and the exit position of the second river channel (102) are arranged adjacent to each other.

3. The river channel diversion structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance B1 between the first guide wall (21) and the flow barrier (1) has a value range of 0.5×B0≤B1≤B0.

4. The river channel diversion structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length L1 of the portion of the first guide wall (21) corresponding to the first overlapping area has a value range of B1≤L1≤1.5×B1.

5. The river channel diversion structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second river channel (102) has a first structure or a second structure; When the second river channel (102) has the first structure, the angle between the projections of the river bank (4) forming the boundary of the second river channel (102) and the flow barrier (1) forming the boundary of the second river channel (102) on the horizontal plane is less than 30°; When the second channel (102) has the second structure, the second channel (102) has at least a first channel section (102A), and the angle of projection on the horizontal plane of the river bank (4) forming the boundary of the first channel section (102A) and the flow barrier (1) forming the boundary of the first channel section (102A) is greater than or equal to 30°; When the second river channel (102) has the first structure, the length L1 of the portion of the first guide wall (21) corresponding to the first overlapping area is L1=B1; when the second river channel (102) has the second structure, L1=1.5×B1.

6. The river channel diversion structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The value range of the elevation Z of the top of the first guide wall (21) is Zmax+1.5 meters ≤ Z ≤ Zmax+2 meters; Among them, Zmax is the highest navigable water level of the river.

7. The river channel diversion structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The first cross-section of the first guide wall (21) is in the shape of a triangle, and the first cross-section of the first guide wall (21) is a cross-section parallel to both the length direction and the height direction of the first guide wall (21); or The top edge and the bottom edge of the first guide wall (21) are parallel to each other, and the length of the top edge of the first guide wall (21) is not greater than the length of the bottom edge of the first guide wall (21); Preferably, the first cross-section of the first guide wall (21) is in the shape of a rectangle or a trapezoid, and the first cross-section of the first guide wall (21) is a cross-section parallel to both the length direction and the height direction of the first guide wall (21).

8. The river channel diversion structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The flow barrier (1) extends from the end of the mouth area (103) in a direction away from the mouth area (103).

9. The river channel diversion structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The first guide wall (21) comprises a first side surface (31), a second side surface (32), a third side surface (33), and a first curved surface (37) extending in the direction of the river channel height; the angle between the first side surface (31) and the second side surface (32) is less than or equal to 30°, and the extension direction of the second side surface (32) is parallel to the first direction (LA); when viewed from a top view, the second side surface (32) is arranged toward the flow-isolating dike (1), the first curved surface (37) is arranged away from the flow-isolating dike (1), the opening formed by the first curved surface (37) is arranged toward a direction away from the flow-isolating dike (1), and the first side surface (31), the second side surface (32), the third side surface (33), and the first curved surface (37) are connected end to end in sequence; from the connection point between the first curved surface (37) and the first side surface (31) to the connection point between the first curved surface (37) and the third side surface (33), the first curved surface (37) extends toward a direction away from the mouth area (103); When the pilot channel is located on the upstream side of the entrance area (103), the first side surface (31) is located on the upstream side of the third side surface (33); when the pilot channel is located on the downstream side of the entrance area (103), the first side surface (31) is located on the downstream side of the third side surface (33).

10. The river channel diversion structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The river channel diversion structure further comprises a second diversion wall (22), wherein the second diversion wall (22) is arranged on a side of the first diversion wall (21) away from the flow separation dike (1); the length direction of the second diversion wall (22) is parallel to the length direction of the first diversion wall (21); The first projection and the second projection have an overlapping area, and the area of ​​the second projection that does not overlap with the first projection is located on the upstream side or the downstream side of the first projection; The first projection is a projection of the first guide wall (21) in the first direction (LA), and the second projection is a projection of the second guide wall (22) in the first direction (LA); Preferably, the second guide wall (22) is provided with at least one first through hole (201), so that water located on the side of the second guide wall (22) away from the first guide wall (21) flows through the first through hole (201) to the side of the second guide wall (22) close to the first guide wall (21); when the number of the second guide walls (22) is at least two, the second guide walls (22) are arranged at intervals, and for the second guide wall (22) closest to the first guide wall (21) among the second guide walls (22), at least part of the first through holes (201) of the second guide wall (22) are arranged toward the first guide wall (21), and the part of the first guide wall (21) facing the first through hole (201) is the part of the first guide wall (21) that is not penetrated; Preferably, the river channel diversion structure comprises at least two second diversion walls (22), and the first through hole (201) opened in any second diversion wall (22) and the first through hole (201) opened in the second diversion wall (22) adjacent to the second diversion wall (22) are staggered; Preferably, for the second guide wall (22) closest to the first guide wall (21) among the second guide walls (22), the second guide wall (22) has a fourth side surface (34), a fifth side surface (35), a sixth side surface (36), and a second arcuate surface (38) extending in the direction of the river channel height; the angle between the fourth side surface (34) and the fifth side surface (35) is less than or equal to 30°, and the extension direction of the fifth side surface (35) is parallel to the first direction (LA); when viewed from a top view, the fifth side surface (35) is disposed toward the first guide wall (21). The second curved surface (38) is arranged to face away from the first guide wall (21), the opening formed by the second curved surface (38) is arranged to face away from the first guide wall (21), and the fourth side surface (34), the fifth side surface (35), the sixth side surface (36), and the second curved surface (38) are connected end to end in sequence; from the connection point between the second curved surface (38) and the fourth side surface (34) to the connection point between the second curved surface (38) and the sixth side surface (36), the second curved surface (38) extends in a direction away from the mouth area (103); When the pilot channel is located on the upstream side of the entrance area (103), the fourth side surface (34) is located on the upstream side of the sixth side surface (36); when the pilot channel is located on the downstream side of the entrance area (103), the fourth side surface (34) is located on the downstream side of the sixth side surface (36).

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