Riverway flow guide structure

Abstract

The application provides a river diversion structure, which comprises a separation dike for separating a river into a first river and a second river, and a first diversion wall, wherein the first diversion wall is arranged on a side of the separation dike away from the first river; the first diversion wall extends in the height direction of the river; the distance B1 between the first diversion wall and the separation dike is in the range of B1≥0.3×B0; wherein B0 is the width of the approach channel; the projection of the first diversion wall in the first direction and the projection of the separation dike in the first direction have an overlapping area; the projection of the first diversion wall in the first direction and the projection of the approach zone in the first direction have an overlapping area; the first direction is the extension direction of the riverbank part forming the boundary of the approach zone; and the angle between the length direction of the first diversion wall and the first direction is θ, wherein 0°≤θ≤15°.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of waterway construction, and specifically relates to a river channel guiding structure for improving navigation flow conditions at the entrance area of ​​a navigation channel. Background Technology

[0002] Due to the construction of water conservancy and hydropower projects, river channels are blocked by dams, disrupting the original navigation routes. Locks are typically built to connect the upstream and downstream sides of the dam, ensuring the normal passage of vessels. However, the construction of water conservancy and hydropower projects can locally alter the shape of river channels or reduce their cross-sectional area, especially in mountainous areas. These projects can significantly change the flow patterns and velocity downstream, leading to unfavorable flow conditions such as oblique currents, backflows, and vortices at the downstream navigation channel entrance. This negatively impacts the safe entry and exit of vessels from the locks, reducing the operational efficiency and effectiveness of the locks.

[0003] To ensure that the flow conditions at the entrance of the navigation channel meet the requirements for the safe and rapid entry and exit of vessels, engineering measures are needed to control the flow conditions within a safe range for vessels. Scientists and engineers in this field have conducted extensive research on engineering measures to improve the flow conditions at the entrance of the navigation channel, including adjusting the length and head type of the dike, opening openings in the dike body for diversion, expanding the openings of the guide dike, using floating structures for the guide dike, and using layered prefabricated guide pier structures. In reality, the scale of each project, the river boundary conditions, and the flood discharge methods of the spillway structures vary greatly. The above-mentioned measures or combinations of measures are all optimized within the dike itself. When the flow from the upstream flood discharge area is large or a strong oblique flow is formed due to the river's own course, existing technologies cannot effectively solve the unfavorable navigation flow conditions at the approach channel gate area. Ships experience significant lateral drift and swaying when passing through the approach channel gate area, which in severe cases prevents ships from safely entering or exiting the approach channel gate area and forces them to operate only under smaller flow conditions. As a result, the project's navigation capacity fails to meet the design requirements, and the project's construction goals cannot be achieved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The problem this invention aims to solve is the oblique flow and lateral fluctuations in the navigation channel entrance area caused by flood discharge from hydropower projects and complex terrain, which prevent ships from safely entering and exiting the navigation channel entrance area. The invention provides a river channel guiding structure.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a river channel guiding structure, including a dike (1), the dike (1) extending from the entrance area (103) in a direction away from the entrance area (103), the dike (1) dividing the river into a first river channel (101) and a second river channel (102) arranged adjacent to each other in the width direction of the river channel, the first river channel (101) forming a navigation channel and being set directly opposite the entrance area (103);

[0006] The river channel diversion structure also includes a first diversion wall (21), which is located on the side of the dike (1) away from the first river channel (101);

[0007] The first guide wall (21) extends in the height direction of the river channel;

[0008] The value of the distance B1 between the first guide wall (21) and the dike (1) is B1≥0.3×B0; where B0 is the width of the pilot channel entrance (i.e. the width of the boundary between the pilot channel and the entrance area).

[0009] The projection of the first guide wall (21) in the first direction (LA) and the projection of the dike (1) in the first direction (LA) have a first overlapping area;

[0010] The projection of the first guide wall (21) in the first direction (LA) and the projection of the entrance area (103) in the first direction (LA) have a second overlapping area; the first direction (LA) is the extension direction of the riverbank (4) portion that forms the boundary of the entrance area (103);

[0011] From a top-down view, the angle between the length direction and the first direction (LA) of the first guide wall (21) is θ, where 0°≤θ≤15°.

[0012] According to the above technical solution, the angle θ between the length direction and the first direction (LA) of the first guide wall (21) is relatively small, that is, close to the downstream direction of the navigation channel (as part of the first river channel), which allows it to block the oblique flow from the second river channel and adjust the oblique flow to a direction similar to the flow direction of the navigation channel. Moreover, since the projections of the first guide wall and the dike in the first direction have overlapping areas, and the projections of the first guide wall and the entrance area in the first direction also have overlapping areas, that is, the part of the projection of the first guide wall that does not overlap with the projection of the dike is located downstream of the projection of the dike. This not only reduces the impact of the transverse flow on the water flow in the entrance area, but the overlapping area also plays a certain role in blocking the water flow that may enter the entrance area obliquely. By reducing the impact of the oblique flow and transverse fluctuations, the navigation flow conditions in the entrance area are improved. When a ship passes through the entrance area in front of the navigation channel, the ship's swaying and rolling are reduced, ensuring the safety of the ship.

[0013] In the above technical solution, the length Ld of the first guide wall (21) is:

[0014] When Bs / Bx≤2, Ld=2×B0;

[0015] When Bs / Bx>2, Ld=(Bs×B0) / Bx;

[0016] Wherein, B0 is the width of the navigation channel entrance; Bs is the width of the entrance of the second channel (102); Bx is the width of the exit of the second channel (102), and the exits of the first channel (101) and the second channel (102) are set adjacent to each other.

[0017] In the above technical solution, the distance B1 between the first guide wall (21) and the diversion dam (1) is 0.5×B0≤B1≤B0;

[0018] Where B0 is the width of the approach channel entrance.

[0019] In the above technical solution, the length L1 of the portion of the first guide wall (21) corresponding to the first overlapping area is B1≤L1≤1.5×B1.

[0020] In the above technical solution, the second river channel (102) has a first structure or a second structure;

[0021] When the second channel (102) has the first structure, the angle between the projection of the riverbank (4) portion forming the boundary of the second channel (102) and the dike (1) forming the boundary of the second channel (102) on the horizontal plane is less than 30°;

[0022] When the second channel (102) has a second structure, the second channel (102) has at least a first channel segment (102A), and the angle between the projection of the riverbank (4) portion forming the boundary of the first channel segment (102A) and the dike (1) forming the boundary of the first channel segment (102A) on the horizontal plane is greater than or equal to 30°.

[0023] In the preferred technical solution, when the second channel (102) has a first structure, the length L1 of the portion of the first guide wall (21) corresponding to the first overlapping area is L1=B1; when the second channel (102) has a second structure, L1=1.5×B1.

[0024] According to the above technical solution, when the second channel has the first structure, it does not form a significant bend or narrowing structure, allowing the upstream flow to basically travel along the dike, resulting in less influence from the oblique flow. This allows the length L1 of the overlapping area to be smaller. When the second channel has the second structure, the angle between the projection of the riverbank portion forming the boundary of the first channel segment and the dike forming the boundary of the first channel segment on the horizontal plane is greater than or equal to 30°, thus forming a significant narrowing or bend structure. Therefore, the oblique flow has a greater influence, allowing the length L1 of the overlapping area to be larger.

[0025] In the above technical solution, the value range of the top elevation Z of the first guide wall (21) is Zmax+1.5m≤Z≤Zmax+2m; where Zmax is the highest navigable water level of the river.

[0026] In the above technical solution, the first cross-section of the first guide wall (21) is triangular in shape, and the first cross-section of the first guide wall (21) is parallel to both the length and height directions of the first guide wall (21); or

[0027] The top and bottom edges of the first guide wall (21) are parallel to each other, and the length of the top edge of the first guide wall (21) is not greater than the length of the bottom edge of the first guide wall (21). Preferably, the shape of the first cross section of the first guide wall (21) is rectangular or trapezoidal, and the first cross section of the first guide wall (21) is a cross section that is parallel to both the length direction and the height direction of the first guide wall (21).

[0028] Since the guide wall experiences greater stress in lower water locations and less stress in higher water locations, the above technical solution sets the length of the top edge of the first guide wall to be no greater than the length of the bottom edge of the first guide wall, and the width of the triangle also gradually decreases from bottom to top, thereby making the structure of the first guide wall more stable.

[0029] In the above technical solution, the dike (1) extends from the end of the gate area (103) in a direction away from the gate area (103).

[0030] In the above technical solution, the first guide wall (21) has a first side (31), a second side (32), a third side (33), and a first arc-shaped surface (37) extending in the height direction of the river channel; the angle between the first side (31) and the second side (32) is less than or equal to 30°, and the extension direction of the second side (32) is parallel to the first direction (LA); from the top view, the second side (32) is set towards the dike (1), the first arc-shaped surface (37) is set away from the dike (1), the opening formed by the first arc-shaped surface (37) is set towards the direction away from the dike (1), and the first side (31), the second side (32), the third side (33), and the first arc-shaped surface (37) are connected end to end in sequence; from the connection point of the first arc-shaped surface (37) and the first side (31) to the connection point of the first arc-shaped surface (37) and the third side (33), the first arc-shaped surface (37) extends in the direction away from the gate area (103);

[0031] When the pilotway is located upstream of the entrance area (103), the first side (31) is located upstream of the third side (33); when the pilotway is located downstream of the entrance area (103), the first side (31) is located downstream of the third side (33).

[0032] According to the above technical solution, the angle between the first side and the second side is less than or equal to 30°, so that the angle between the first side, the second side and the main water flow direction in the second channel (i.e., the water flow direction near the dike in the second channel) is small, thereby reducing the impact of this part of the water flow on the first guide wall. By setting the first arc-shaped surface, the water flow that obliquely impacts the first guide wall (i.e., the water flow with an acute angle to the first guide wall) can be guided by the first arc-shaped surface, which not only increases the adjustment effect on the oblique flow, but also reduces the impact of the water flow on the head of the first guide wall through the shape of the guide wall. Moreover, the first arc-shaped surface extends away from the entrance area, that is, the distance between the downstream end of the first arc-shaped surface (i.e., the connection between the first arc-shaped surface and the third side) and the entrance area is greater than the distance between the upstream end of the first arc-shaped surface (i.e., the connection between the first arc-shaped surface and the first side) and the entrance area, thereby guiding the water flow away from the entrance area, thereby further improving the navigation flow conditions in the entrance area.

[0033] In the above technical solution, the river channel guiding structure further includes a second guiding wall (22), which is located on the side of the first guiding wall (21) away from the dike (1); the length direction of the second guiding wall (22) is parallel to the length direction of the first guiding wall (21);

[0034] The first projection and the second projection have overlapping areas, and the area in the second projection that does not overlap with the first projection is located on the upstream or downstream side of the first projection.

[0035] The first projection is the projection of the first guide wall (21) in the first direction (LA), and the second projection is the projection of the second guide wall (22) in the first direction (LA).

[0036] According to the above technical solution, the second guide wall can further block and adjust the oblique flow and lateral fluctuations, significantly reducing the navigation hydraulic indicators of the approach channel entrance area. The oblique flow and lateral fluctuations flowing towards the second guide wall are blocked and instead flow forward along the length of the second guide wall, thus blocking the water flow. When the area in the second projection that does not overlap with the first projection is located upstream or downstream of the first projection, the second guide wall further blocks the oblique flow towards the entrance area, thereby further improving the navigation flow conditions in the entrance area. Moreover, since the second guide wall is located on the side of the first guide wall furthest from the dike, the distance between the second guide wall and the entrance area is greater than the distance between the first guide wall and the entrance area, minimizing interference to vessels passing through the entrance area. When the area in the second projection that does not overlap with the first projection is located upstream or downstream of the first projection, the second guide wall protects the first guide wall.

[0037] In the preferred technical solution, the second guide wall (22) is provided with at least one first through hole (201), so that the water flow on the side of the second guide wall (22) away from the first guide wall (21) flows through the first through hole (201) to the side of the second guide wall (22) close to the first guide wall (21);

[0038] When there are at least two second guide walls (22), each second guide wall (22) is arranged at intervals. For the second guide wall (22) that is closest to the first guide wall (21), at least a portion of the first through hole (201) of the second guide wall (22) is arranged facing the first guide wall (21), and the portion of the first guide wall (21) facing the first through hole (201) is the part of the first guide wall (21) that is not penetrated.

[0039] With the above configuration, some water flows through the first through hole to the surface of the first guide wall, thus preventing it from directly passing through the first guide wall. This not only blocks the water flow but also protects the first guide wall through the second guide wall.

[0040] In a preferred embodiment, the river channel guiding structure includes at least two second guiding walls (22), and the first through hole (201) opened in any one of the second guiding walls (22) and the first through hole (201) opened in the second guiding wall (22) adjacent to the first guiding wall (22) are staggered.

[0041] According to the above technical solution, the first through holes opened on adjacent second guide walls are staggered, so that the water flow moving in the direction towards the first guide wall is blocked by the second through hole of the next second guide wall after passing through the first through hole of the previous second guide wall, and can only pass through the staggered second through hole, thereby slowing down the flow velocity of the diagonal flow and reducing the amplitude of the lateral fluctuation, and reducing the impact of the water flow on the first guide wall.

[0042] In another preferred embodiment, for each of the second guide walls (22) that is closest to the first guide wall (21), the second guide wall (22) has a fourth side (34), a fifth side (35), a sixth side (36), and a second arcuate surface (38) extending in the height direction of the river channel; the angle between the fourth side (34) and the fifth side (35) is less than or equal to 30°, and the extension direction of the fifth side (35) is parallel to the first direction (LA); from a top view, the fifth side (35) faces the first guide wall ( 21) The second arc-shaped surface (38) is positioned away from the first guide wall (21), and the opening formed by the second arc-shaped surface (38) is positioned in a direction away from the first guide wall (21). The fourth side surface (34), the fifth side surface (35), the sixth side surface (36), and the second arc-shaped surface (38) are connected end to end in sequence. From the connection point between the second arc-shaped surface (38) and the fourth side surface (34) to the connection point between the second arc-shaped surface (38) and the sixth side surface (36), the second arc-shaped surface (38) extends in a direction away from the gate area (103).

[0043] When the pilotway is located upstream of the entrance area (103), the fourth side (34) is located upstream of the sixth side (36); when the pilotway is located downstream of the entrance area (103), the fourth side (34) is located downstream of the sixth side (36).

[0044] According to the above technical solution, the angle between the fourth and fifth sides is less than or equal to 30°, thus making the angle between the fourth and fifth sides and the main flow direction in the second channel (i.e., the flow direction near the dike in the second channel) smaller, thereby reducing the impact of this part of the flow on the second guide wall. By setting the second arc-shaped surface, the water flow that obliquely impacts the second guide wall (i.e., the water flow with an acute angle to the second guide wall) can be guided by the second arc-shaped surface. This not only blocks the oblique flow but also reduces the impact of the oblique flow on the second guide wall, reducing the destructive impact of the water flow on the second guide wall. Moreover, the distance between the downstream end of the second arc-shaped surface (i.e., the connection between the second arc-shaped surface and the sixth side) and the entrance area is greater than the distance between the upstream end of the second arc-shaped surface (i.e., the connection between the second arc-shaped surface and the fourth side) and the entrance area, thereby guiding the water flow away from the entrance area and further improving the navigation flow conditions in the entrance area.

[0045] The advantages and positive effects of this invention are:

[0046] 1. The guide wall designed in this invention is combined with the diversion embankment, which results in a small amount of additional engineering work, simple construction, and obvious economic benefits.

[0047] 2. This invention adds a guide wall to the river on one side of the traditional dike. The upstream flow is adjusted by the combination of the dike and the guide wall. At the same time, the water flow through the channel between the dike and the guide wall pushes against the outer water flow at the end of the guide wall and diffuses towards the entrance area. This can effectively improve the navigation flow conditions in the entrance area of ​​the navigation channel. It is suitable for all navigation flow levels, improves the safety of ships entering and leaving the downstream navigation channel, and has low maintenance costs, increasing the operational efficiency and benefits of the project.

[0048] 3. The guide wall of the present invention is set along the river channel, which has less obstruction to the flood flow of the river and less impact on the flood control of the river;

[0049] 4. This invention can be applied to the downstream approach channel layout of different water conservancy and hydropower projects. It has universal reference value in the design of lock approach channel projects and has high application value. Attached Figure Description

[0050] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0051] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the plan layout of the river channel diversion structure according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of the first guide wall;

[0053] Figure 3 The flow velocity diagram in the gate region when the scheme of Embodiment 1 of the present invention is not adopted;

[0054] Figure 4 The flow velocity diagram in the gate region when using the scheme of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the plan layout of the river channel diversion structure in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the plan layout of the river channel diversion structure in Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the plan layout of the river channel diversion structure in Embodiment 4 of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the plan layout of the river channel diversion structure in Embodiment 5 of the present invention.

[0059] In the above attached figures:

[0060] 1. Diversion wall; 21. First guide wall; 22.

[0061] First side 31; Second side 32; Third side 33; Fourth side 34; Fifth side 35; Sixth side 36; First arc-shaped surface 37; Second arc-shaped surface 38; Riverbank 4; Riverbed foundation 5;

[0062] First channel 101; Second channel 102; First section 102A; Second section 102B; Third section 102C; Entrance area 103;

[0063] LA is the first direction; LB is the second direction; LC is the length direction of the first guide wall; θ is the angle between the length direction of the first guide wall and the first direction (i.e., the angle between the guide wall and the dike); Ld is the length of the first guide wall; B0 is the width of the navigation channel entrance; Bs is the width of the second channel entrance (i.e., the width of the upstream channel for flood discharge); Bx is the width of the second channel outlet (i.e., the width of the channel for flood discharge at the inlet and outlet of the navigation channel); B1 is the distance between the first guide wall and the dike (the distance between the upstream end of the guide wall and the dike); L1 is the length of the portion of the first guide wall corresponding to the first overlapping area (when θ=0°, it is the length of the projected overlapping portion of the first guide wall and the dike); L2 is the length of the guide wall extending beyond the end of the dike; Z is the elevation of the top of the first guide wall; Zmax is the highest navigable water level of the channel. Detailed Implementation

[0064] The technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0065] Example 1

[0066] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment 1 provides a river channel diversion structure, including a dike 1. The dike 1 extends from the entrance area 103 in a direction away from the entrance area 103. The dike 1 divides the river into a first river channel 101 and a second river channel 102 that are adjacent to each other in the width direction of the river channel. The first river channel 101 forms a navigation channel and is set directly opposite the entrance area 103.

[0067] The river channel diversion structure also includes a first diversion wall 21, which is disposed on the side of the dike 1 away from the first river channel 101;

[0068] The first guide wall 21 extends in the height direction of the river channel;

[0069] The distance B1 (i.e., the distance in the second direction) between the first guide wall 21 and the dike 1 facing the first guide wall 21 is B1 ≥ 0.3 × B0; where B0 is the width of the navigation channel entrance. When the first guide wall and the dike 1 are not parallel, B1 is the shortest distance between the first guide wall 21 and the dike 1 facing the first guide wall 21.

[0070] The projections of the first guide wall 21 in the first direction LA and the projections of the dike 1 in the first direction LA have a first overlapping area.

[0071] One end of the first guide wall 21 projected in the first direction LA is located in front of (i.e., downstream) the projection of the dike 1 in the first direction LA. The projections of the first guide wall 21 in the first direction LA and the projections of the inlet area 103 in the first direction LA have a second overlapping area. The first direction LA is the extension direction of the riverbank 4 portion forming the boundary of the inlet area 103. The first overlapping area and the second overlapping area constitute the complete projection of the first guide wall 21 in the first direction LA. It should be noted that in this embodiment, the water flow is from the channel side towards the inlet area. This also applies when the water flow is from the inlet area side towards the channel.

[0072] From a top-down view, the angle between the length direction LC and the first direction LA of the first guide wall 21 is θ, where 0°≤θ≤15°.

[0073] The length Ld of the first guide wall 21 is:

[0074] When Bs / Bx≤2, Ld=2×B0;

[0075] When Bs / Bx>2, Ld=(Bs×B0) / Bx;

[0076] Wherein, B0 is the width of the navigation channel entrance; Bs is the width of the inlet of the second channel 102; and Bx is the width of the outlet of the second channel 102. The outlets of the first channel 101 and the second channel 102 are arranged adjacent to each other. The extension line of the outlet of the second channel 102 passes through the inlet of the gate area 103. In this invention, the navigation channel entrance is located at the boundary between the navigation channel and the gate area. When the water flow is from the side of the navigation channel towards the gate area, the navigation channel entrance is the outlet of the navigation channel; when the water flow is from the side of the gate area towards the navigation channel, the navigation channel entrance is the inlet of the navigation channel.

[0077] The value of the distance B1 between the first guide wall 21 and the diversion dam 1 is 0.5×B0≤B1≤B0;

[0078] Where B0 is the width of the approach channel entrance.

[0079] The length L1 of the portion of the first guide wall 21 corresponding to the first overlapping area has a range of B1≤L1≤1.5×B1.

[0080] The second channel 102 has a first structure or a second structure;

[0081] When the second river channel 102 has the first structure, the angle between the projection of the riverbank 4 part forming the boundary of the second river channel 102 and the dike 1 forming the boundary of the second river channel 102 onto the horizontal plane is less than 30°.

[0082] When the second channel 102 has a second structure, the second channel 102 has at least a first channel section 102A, and the angle between the projection of the riverbank 4 part forming the boundary of the first channel section 102A and the dike 1 forming the boundary of the first channel section 102A on the horizontal plane is greater than or equal to 30°, thereby forming a contraction section of the second channel 102.

[0083] When the second channel 102 has the first structure, the length L1 of the portion of the first guide wall 21 corresponding to the first overlapping area is L1 = B1; when the second channel 102 has the second structure, L1 = 1.5 × B1. Figure 1As shown, this embodiment 1 only shows the second river channel with the second structure (i.e., with obvious turning structure or river channel narrowing structure), and does not show the second river channel with the first structure (i.e., the water flow is mainly downstream and the oblique flow is not obvious).

[0084] When the second channel 102 has a second structure, the second channel 102 includes a second channel segment 102B, a first channel segment 102A, and a third channel segment 102C connected in sequence; the inlet of the second channel segment 102B and the outlet of the third channel segment 102C are respectively the inlet and outlet of the second channel 102.

[0085] The angle between the projections of the riverbank 4 parts forming the boundary of the second river section 102B and the dike 1 forming the boundary of the second river section 102B on the horizontal plane is less than 20°.

[0086] The angle between the projection of the riverbank 4 parts forming the boundary of the first river section 102A and the dike 1 forming the boundary of the first river section 102A on the horizontal plane is greater than or equal to 30°, thereby forming the narrowing section of the second river channel 102 (i.e., the river channel section where the width of the second river channel 102 becomes smaller).

[0087] The angle between the projections of the riverbank 4 parts forming the boundary of the third river section 102C and the dike 1 forming the boundary of the third river section 102C on the horizontal plane is less than 20°.

[0088] The value range of the top elevation Z of the first guide wall 21 is Zmax+1.5m≤Z≤Zmax+2m;

[0089] Zmax is the highest navigable water level of the river channel.

[0090] The first cross-section of the first guide wall 21 is triangular in shape, and the first cross-section of the first guide wall 21 is parallel to both its length and height directions; or

[0091] The top and bottom edges of the first guide wall 21 are parallel to each other, and the length of the top edge of the first guide wall 21 is not greater than the length of the bottom edge of the first guide wall 21.

[0092] Preferably, the first cross-section of the first guide wall 21 is rectangular or trapezoidal, and the first cross-section of the first guide wall 21 is parallel to both its length and height directions. For example... Figure 2 The first section (i.e., profile) of the trapezoidal first guide wall 21 is shown.

[0093] The flow barrier 1 extends from the end of the entrance area 103 in a direction away from the entrance area 103. The flow barrier 1 can be in the form of a combination of straight line segments and curved line segments. The specific form of the flow barrier 1 is set according to actual needs, which can be understood by those skilled in the art.

[0094] The present invention will now be described in further detail.

[0095] This invention, based on the conventional dike of a navigation channel, adds a guide wall at a certain distance on the river side to form a combined guide wall. The guide wall and the dike are arranged laterally separately, and a flow passage exists between the guide wall and the dike.

[0096] In this invention, a dike 1 is constructed according to engineering conditions, such as... Figure 1 As shown. A guide wall 21 is installed on the river side of the dike 1. The guide wall 21 serves to guide and divert the flow. The basic layout parameters of the guide wall 21 are as follows. Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the dimensions include the length of the guide wall Ld, the overlap length between the guide wall and the dike L1, the length of the guide wall extending beyond the end of the dike L2, the distance between the guide wall and the dike B1, the angle θ between the guide wall and the dike, and the elevation Z of the top of the guide wall.

[0097] The length Ld of the guide wall is specifically determined by the ratio of the width of the river channel at the navigation channel entrance to the width of the upstream river channel, and is calculated in detail using the following formula:

[0098] When Bs / Bx≤2, Ld=2×B0;

[0099] When Bs / Bx > 2, Ld = Bs × B0 / Bx;

[0100] Wherein, B0 is the width at the entrance of the navigation channel; Bs is the width of the upstream river channel for flood discharge; and Bx is the width of the river channel for flood discharge at the entrance and exit of the navigation channel. The units for B0, Bs, and Bx are consistent, for example, meters (m).

[0101] The distance B1 between the guide wall and the dike is B1 = (0.5~1.0) × B0. B1 is to increase the distance between the guide wall and the dike, forming a flow channel between the guide wall and the gate, and using the water flow to block the upstream flow from spreading to the gate area after passing through the guide wall, thereby reducing the navigation hydraulic index of the gate area.

[0102] The overlap length L1 between the guide wall and the dike is L1 = (1~1.5)B1: When there is a diagonal flow upstream, L1 can be a larger value in the above range, such as the maximum value. The value of L1 should be able to block and adjust the diagonal flow upstream to prevent the diagonal flow from directly entering the navigation channel gate area; when the upstream flow travels along the dike, L1 can be a smaller value in the above range, such as the minimum value.

[0103] The length L2 of the guide wall extending beyond the end of the diversion dam is taken as L2=Ld-L1.

[0104] The angle θ between the guide wall and the diversion dam should be between 0° and 15°. Generally, θ can be set to 0°.

[0105] The elevation Z of the top of the guide wall can be increased by 1.5m to 2.0m based on the highest navigable water level (Zmax), i.e., Z = Zmax + (1.5 to 2.0)m.

[0106] This hydropower project is a large-scale key project primarily for power generation, improving navigation conditions, combining flood control and silt retention, and also serving irrigation. The project's waterway is classified as Class IV, accommodating single vessels up to 1000 tons. The highest navigable water level downstream is 277.25m, with a corresponding flow rate of 12000 m³ / s. A 788.00m long dike is constructed downstream of the lock, with an inlet and outlet width B0 of 60.00m. The downstream approach channel entrance area is 240.00m long. Prototype ship tests show that at an outflow rate of 8900 m³ / s, the designed vessel type can barely pass due to the lateral flow velocity at the approach channel entrance area exceeding 0.60m / s. As the outflow rate continues to increase, the navigation conditions worsen, making it difficult for actual vessels to safely enter the approach channel.

[0107] Analysis of the case study revealed that the upstream channel width at the downstream approach channel entrance is approximately 600.00m, while the channel width at the inlet and outlet is approximately 220.00m, indicating significant channel narrowing. The upstream inflow forms a distinct oblique flow directly through the entrance. Furthermore, the entrance area is close to the discharge area, resulting in high flow velocity. Therefore, a new technical solution is required to address the navigation challenge posed by the high lateral flow velocity at the entrance area. The project adopted the solution of this invention, which installed a first guide wall on the right side (in the middle of the river) of the downstream dike in the existing design. The first guide wall is located 60.00m to the right of the downstream dike, with an angle θ of 0° between it and the dike. The length Ld of the first guide wall is 165.00m, the overlap length L1 between it and the dike is 65.00m, the length L2 extending beyond the end of the dike is 100.00m, and the top elevation Z of the first guide wall is 279.25m.

[0108] Test results on a 1:100 scale hydraulic model show that, under the design condition of a maximum navigable flow of 12,000 m³ / s, such as... Figure 3 As shown, without the invention, the lateral flow velocity within a 160.00m range of the 240.00m long entrance area is significantly greater than 0.30m / s, and mostly greater than 0.50m / s, with a maximum of 0.83m / s. Figure 4As shown in the figure, in this embodiment 1, after the first guide wall (which plays the role of guiding and isolating the flow) and the dike are combined to form a new guide wall arrangement scheme for the navigation channel entrance, the transverse flow velocity at some measuring points within the 80.00m range of the navigation channel entrance area is greater than 0.30m / s, with a maximum of 0.35m / s. The navigation flow conditions are significantly improved, and the flow velocity indicators on the navigation track through the entrance area basically meet the requirements of the standard. Figure 3 , Figure 4 In this context, the unit for flow velocity is m / s.

[0109] Example 2

[0110] like Figure 5 The diagram shows a plan view of the river channel guiding structure as illustrated in Embodiment 2. The difference between Embodiment 2 and Embodiment 1 is that the first guiding wall 21 has a first side 31, a second side 32, a third side 33, and a first arc-shaped surface 37 extending along the river channel height direction; the angle between the first side 31 and the second side 32 is less than or equal to 30°, and the extension direction of the second side 32 is parallel to the first direction LA; from a top view, the second side 32 faces the dike 1, the first arc-shaped surface 37 faces away from the dike 1, and the opening formed by the first arc-shaped surface 37 faces away from the dike 1; the first side 31, the second side 32, the third side 33, and the first arc-shaped surface 37 are connected end-to-end in sequence (i.e., the first arc-shaped surface 37 is then connected to the first side 31). In this embodiment, the first side 31 is located upstream of the third side 33. From the junction of the first arcuate surface 37 and the first side surface 31 to the junction of the first arcuate surface 37 and the third side surface 33, the first arcuate surface 37 extends away from the entrance area 103, thereby diverting at least a portion of the water flowing into the entrance area in the second channel 102 to a position away from the entrance area.

[0111] The distance between the connection point of the first arc-shaped surface 37 and the first side surface 31 on the second direction LB and the entrance area 103 is less than the distance between the connection point of the first arc-shaped surface 37 and the third side surface 33 on the second direction LB and the entrance area 103; the second direction LB is perpendicular to the first direction and perpendicular to the river channel height direction.

[0112] In a top-down view, the distance between the first arcuate surface 371 (the upstream end of the first arcuate surface 37) and the orifice region in the second direction LB gradually increases from the first end 371 of the first arcuate surface to the second end 372 of the first arcuate surface (the downstream end of the first arcuate surface 37). At the first end 371 of the first arcuate surface, the angle between the tangent direction of the first arcuate surface and the first direction LA is less than or equal to 15°. That is, the starting position of the first arcuate surface is set in the direction of the incoming flow, thereby facilitating the adjustment of the water flow direction.

[0113] Example 3

[0114] like Figure 6 The diagram shown is a plan view of the river channel diversion structure shown in Embodiment 3. The difference between Embodiment 3 and Embodiment 1 is that the river channel diversion structure further includes a second diversion wall 22, which is located on the side of the first diversion wall 21 away from the dike 1; the length direction of the second diversion wall 22 is parallel to the length direction of the first diversion wall 21.

[0115] The first projection and the second projection have an overlapping area, and the area of ​​the second projection that does not overlap with the first projection is located upstream of the first projection. The first projection is the projection of the first guide wall 21 in the first direction LA, and the second projection is the projection of the second guide wall 22 in the first direction LA.

[0116] The second guide wall 22 is provided with at least one first through hole 201, so that the water flow on the side of the second guide wall 22 away from the first guide wall 21 flows through the first through hole 201 to the side of the second guide wall 22 close to the first guide wall 21.

[0117] When there are at least two second guide walls 22, the second guide walls 22 are spaced apart. For the second guide wall 22 that is closest to the first guide wall 21, at least a portion of the first through hole 201 of the second guide wall 22 faces the first guide wall 21, and the portion of the first guide wall 21 facing the first through hole 201 is the non-through portion (i.e., the solid portion) of the first guide wall 21. If the first guide wall 21 also has through holes or slots, then the portion of the first guide wall 21 facing the first through hole 201 is the portion without through holes or slots.

[0118] Preferably, the river channel guiding structure includes at least two second guiding walls 22, and the first through holes 201 opened in any one of the second guiding walls 22 and the first through holes 201 opened in the second guiding walls 22 adjacent to the second guiding wall 22 are staggered.

[0119] Example 4

[0120] like Figure 7The diagram shows a plan view of the river channel diversion structure in Embodiment 4. The difference between Embodiment 4 and Embodiment 3 is that the second diversion wall 22 closest to the first diversion wall 21 has a fourth side 34, a fifth side 35, a sixth side 36, and a second arc-shaped surface 38 extending in the river channel height direction. The angle between the fourth side 34 and the fifth side 35 is less than or equal to 30°, and the extension direction of the fifth side 35 is parallel to the first direction LA. From a top view, the fifth side 35 faces the first diversion wall 21, and the second arc-shaped surface 38 faces away from the first diversion wall 21. The opening formed by the second arc-shaped surface 38 faces away from the first diversion wall 21. The fourth side 34, the fifth side 35, the sixth side 36, and the second arc-shaped surface 38 are connected end-to-end in sequence (i.e., the second arc-shaped surface 38 is then connected to the fourth side 34).

[0121] In this embodiment, the fourth side surface 34 is located upstream of the sixth side surface 36; from the connection between the second arcuate surface 38 and the fourth side surface 34 to the connection between the second arcuate surface 38 and the sixth side surface 36, the second arcuate surface 38 extends away from the entrance area 103, thereby diverting at least a portion of the water flowing towards the entrance area in the second river channel 102 to a position away from the entrance area.

[0122] The distance between the connection point of the second arcuate surface 38 and the fourth side surface 34 on the second direction LB and the entrance area 103 is less than the distance between the connection point of the second arcuate surface 38 and the sixth side surface 36 on the second direction LB and the entrance area 103; the second direction LB is perpendicular to the first direction LA and perpendicular to the river channel height direction.

[0123] In a top-down view, the distance between the second arcuate surface and the orifice region gradually increases from the first end 381 (the upstream end of the second arcuate surface 38) to the second end 382 (the downstream end of the second arcuate surface 38) in the second direction LB. At the first end 381 of the second arcuate surface, the angle between the tangent direction of the second arcuate surface and the first direction LA is less than or equal to 15°. That is, the starting position of the second arcuate surface is set in the direction of the incoming flow, thereby facilitating the adjustment of the water flow direction.

[0124] The openings at both ends of the first through hole 201 of the second guide wall 22 can be located on the fifth side surface 35 and the second arc-shaped surface 38, respectively.

[0125] Example 5

[0126] like Figure 8 The diagram shown is a plan view of the river channel diversion structure shown in Embodiment 5. The difference between Embodiment 5 and Embodiment 3 is that the area in the second projection that does not overlap with the first projection is located downstream of the first projection.

[0127] It should be noted that the various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0128] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the content described is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the present invention should still fall within the scope of the present invention. After reading this invention, those skilled in the art will understand that various equivalent modifications to the present invention fall within the scope defined by the appended claims. Unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other.

Claims

1. A river channel diversion structure, comprising a dike (1) extending from an entrance area (103) in a direction away from the entrance area (103), the dike (1) dividing a river into a first channel (101) and a second channel (102) arranged adjacent to each other in the width direction of the river, the first channel (101) forming a navigation channel and being positioned directly opposite the entrance area (103), characterized in that: The river channel diversion structure also includes a first diversion wall (21), which is located on the side of the dike (1) away from the first river channel (101); The first guide wall (21) extends in the height direction of the river channel; The distance B1 between the first guide wall (21) and the dike (1) is B1≥0.3×B0; where B0 is the width of the navigation channel entrance; The projection of the first guide wall (21) in the first direction (LA) and the projection of the dike (1) in the first direction (LA) have a first overlapping area; the projection of the first guide wall (21) in the first direction (LA) and the projection of the gate area (103) in the first direction (LA) have a second overlapping area; The first direction (LA) is the extension direction of the riverbank (4) portion that forms the boundary of the entrance area (103); From a top-down view, the angle between the length direction and the first direction (LA) of the first guide wall (21) is θ, where 0°≤θ≤15°.

2. The river channel diversion structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length Ld of the first guide wall (21) is: When Bs / Bx≤2, Ld=2×B0; When Bs / Bx>2, Ld=(Bs×B0) / Bx; Wherein, Bs is the width of the inlet of the second channel (102); Bx is the width of the outlet of the second channel (102), and the outlets of the first channel (101) and the second channel (102) are set adjacent to each other.

3. The river channel diversion structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance B1 between the first guide wall (21) and the dike (1) is 0.5×B0≤B1≤B0.

4. The river channel diversion structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length L1 of the portion of the first guide wall (21) corresponding to the first overlapping area is in the range of B1≤L1≤1.5×B1.

5. The river channel diversion structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second channel (102) has a first structure or a second structure; When the second channel (102) has the first structure, the angle between the projection of the riverbank (4) portion forming the boundary of the second channel (102) and the dike (1) forming the boundary of the second channel (102) on the horizontal plane is less than 30°; When the second channel (102) has a second structure, the second channel (102) has at least a first channel segment (102A), and the angle between the projection of the riverbank (4) portion forming the boundary of the first channel segment (102A) and the dike (1) forming the boundary of the first channel segment (102A) on the horizontal plane is greater than or equal to 30°. When the second channel (102) has the first structure, the length L1 of the portion of the first guide wall (21) corresponding to the first overlapping area is L1=B1; when the second channel (102) has the second structure, L1=1.5×B1.

6. The river channel diversion structure according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: The value range of the top elevation Z of the first guide wall (21) is Zmax+1.5m≤Z≤Zmax+2m; Zmax is the highest navigable water level of the river channel.

7. The river channel diversion structure according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: The first cross-section of the first guide wall (21) is triangular in shape, and the first cross-section of the first guide wall (21) is parallel to both the length and height directions of the first guide wall (21); or The top and bottom edges of the first guide wall (21) are parallel to each other, and the length of the top edge of the first guide wall (21) is not greater than the length of the bottom edge of the first guide wall (21).

8. The river channel diversion structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: The first cross-section of the first guide wall (21) is rectangular or trapezoidal, and the first cross-section of the first guide wall (21) is parallel to both the length direction and the height direction of the first guide wall (21).

9. The river channel diversion structure according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: The dike (1) extends from the end of the entrance area (103) in a direction away from the entrance area (103).

10. The river channel diversion structure according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: The first guide wall (21) has a first side (31), a second side (32), a third side (33), and a first arc-shaped surface (37) extending in the height direction of the river channel; the angle between the first side (31) and the second side (32) is less than or equal to 30°, and the extension direction of the second side (32) is parallel to the first direction (LA); from the top view, the second side (32) is set towards the dike (1), the first arc-shaped surface (37) is set away from the dike (1), the opening formed by the first arc-shaped surface (37) is set towards the direction away from the dike (1), and the first side (31), the second side (32), the third side (33), and the first arc-shaped surface (37) are connected end to end in sequence; from the connection point of the first arc-shaped surface (37) and the first side (31) to the connection point of the first arc-shaped surface (37) and the third side (33), the first arc-shaped surface (37) extends in the direction away from the gate area (103); When the pilotway is located upstream of the entrance area (103), the first side (31) is located upstream of the third side (33); when the pilotway is located downstream of the entrance area (103), the first side (31) is located downstream of the third side (33).

11. The river channel diversion structure according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: The river channel diversion structure also includes a second diversion wall (22), which is located on the side of the first diversion wall (21) away from the dike (1); the length direction of the second diversion wall (22) is parallel to the length direction of the first diversion wall (21); The first projection and the second projection have overlapping areas, and the area in the second projection that does not overlap with the first projection is located on the upstream or downstream side of the first projection. The first projection is the projection of the first guide wall (21) in the first direction (LA), and the second projection is the projection of the second guide wall (22) in the first direction (LA).

12. The river channel diversion structure according to claim 11, characterized in that: The second guide wall (22) is provided with at least one first through hole (201), so that the water flow on the side of the second guide wall (22) away from the first guide wall (21) flows through the first through hole (201) to the side of the second guide wall (22) close to the first guide wall (21); when there are at least two second guide walls (22), each second guide wall (22) is arranged at intervals. For the second guide wall (22) that is closest to the first guide wall (21), at least a portion of the first through hole (201) of the second guide wall (22) is arranged facing the first guide wall (21), and the portion of the first guide wall (21) facing the first through hole (201) is the part of the first guide wall (21) that is not through.

13. The river channel diversion structure according to claim 11, characterized in that: The river channel diversion structure includes at least two second diversion walls (22), and the first through hole (201) opened in any one of the second diversion walls (22) and the first through hole (201) opened in the second diversion wall (22) adjacent to the second diversion wall (22) are staggered.

14. The river channel diversion structure according to claim 11, characterized in that: For each of the second guide walls (22) that is closest to the first guide wall (21), the second guide wall (22) has a fourth side (34), a fifth side (35), a sixth side (36), and a second arc-shaped surface (38) extending in the height direction of the river channel; the angle between the fourth side (34) and the fifth side (35) is less than or equal to 30°, and the extension direction of the fifth side (35) is parallel to the first direction (LA); from the top view, the fifth side (35) is set towards the first guide wall (21). The second arc-shaped surface (38) is positioned away from the first guide wall (21), and the opening formed by the second arc-shaped surface (38) is positioned away from the first guide wall (21). The fourth side surface (34), the fifth side surface (35), the sixth side surface (36), and the second arc-shaped surface (38) are connected end to end in sequence. From the connection point between the second arc-shaped surface (38) and the fourth side surface (34) to the connection point between the second arc-shaped surface (38) and the sixth side surface (36), the second arc-shaped surface (38) extends away from the gate area (103). When the pilotway is located upstream of the entrance area (103), the fourth side (34) is located upstream of the sixth side (36); when the pilotway is located downstream of the entrance area (103), the fourth side (34) is located downstream of the sixth side (36).

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