Interlocking type self-floating wave absorbing embankment

Abstract

The invention discloses an indented self-floating wave-absorbing embankment, and belongs to the technical field of wave-absorbing embankments. The indented type self-floating wave absorbing embankment comprises a revetment and is characterized in that the revetment is built on the embankment, the revetment is of a step-shaped structure and is provided with a plurality of steps, the revetment is provided with a plurality of trash racks, the trash racks are installed on the steps of the revetment in a one-to-one correspondence mode, and each trash rack comprises a first vertical grid, a second vertical grid and a horizontal connecting plate; the second vertical grating is fixed to the outer edge of the current step of the revetment and is flush with the edge, the first vertical grating is fixed to the horizontal plane of the next step of the revetment, a sliding cavity is defined by the horizontal plane of each step, the longitudinal side face of the upper step, the first vertical grating, the second vertical grating and the horizontal connecting plate, and a self-floating wave wall is arranged in the sliding cavity. The self-floating wave walls on the multiple steps are arranged in a staggered mode, the step revetment and the self-floating wave walls are integrally designed, wave energy dissipation is considered from the water depth and the water surface, the energy dissipation effect is improved, and water erosion damage to a bank body is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of wave-breaking dikes, and in particular to a staggered self-floating wave-breaking dike. Background Art

[0002] Waves are one of the main driving factors for bank erosion. Waves and tidal sand transport will cause most of the eroded sediment to spread and move away from the shore, causing the bank to be continuously scoured and retreated, thus endangering the safety of the bank. Therefore, it is very necessary to take engineering measures to protect the bank. As a bank protection engineering structure, wave breakwater can not only resist wave erosion, but also protect the ecological environment of the water area and create tourism, sightseeing, leisure and entertainment.

[0003] At present, the commonly used wave breakers at home and abroad are the traditional bottom-type wave breakers and the new floating wave breakers. Common traditional bottom-type wave breakers, such as vertical wave breakers, slope wave breakers, and wave breakers using concrete special-shaped blocks for energy dissipation, have good structural integrity, are easy to build, prefabricate and install, and the revetment structure is relatively neat and consistent after completion. However, since it is a one-way barrier that blocks the movement of water particles caused by waves, it causes turbulence and energy dissipation, which limits the wave breaking effect, and the wave scouring of the wave breakers themselves is also serious. In recent years, the emerging floating wave breakers have attracted more and more attention as an effective wave-breaking structure, and several types have emerged, such as floating box wave breakers, pontoon wave breakers, and floating raft wave breakers. Floating wave breakers belong to the water surface wave breaking form, which mainly converts or dissipates wave energy through wave reflection and wave interference. However, since it floats on the surface of the water body, it cannot replace the river or port embankment. In view of this, we propose a new type of self-floating wave breakers. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the problems in the prior art and provide a staggered self-floating wave-breaking dike to improve the wave-breaking effect.

[0005] The present invention provides a staggered self-floating wave-breaking embankment, including a revetment built on the embankment, the revetment being a step-like structure with a plurality of steps, the revetment being provided with a plurality of groups of trash racks, the plurality of groups of trash racks being installed one-to-one on each step of the revetment, the trash racks comprising a vertical first grid, a vertical second grid and a horizontal connecting plate, the vertical second grid being fixed at the outer edge of the current step of the revetment and being flush with the edge, the vertical first grid being fixed on the horizontal plane of the next step of the revetment, the horizontal plane of each step, the longitudinal side surface of the upper step, the vertical first grid, the vertical second grid and the horizontal connecting plate forming a sliding cavity, a plurality of self-floating wave-breaking walls being provided, the plurality of self-floating wave-breaking walls being distributed in the sliding cavities corresponding to the respective steps, the respective self-floating wave-breaking walls being able to slide up and down in the sliding cavity, and the self-floating wave-breaking walls on the plurality of steps being staggered.

[0006] Preferably, the bottoms of the first vertical grille and the second vertical grille are both provided with reinforcing plates that fit with the step surface.

[0007] Preferably, the height of the first vertical grid is equal to twice the height of the revetment step, the height of the second vertical grid is equal to half the height of the first vertical grid, and the spacing of the second vertical grid is approximately one third of the height of the first vertical grid.

[0008] Preferably, the self-floating wave-breaking wall has a rectangular longitudinal section, a height of which is equal to the height of the revetment step, and a length-to-height ratio of about 1.6:1.

[0009] Preferably, the self-floating wave-breaking wall is made of a plastic material, the density of which is less than that of water, and the interior is hollow.

[0010] Preferably, waterproof coatings of different colors are applied on the outer sides of the self-floating wave-breaking walls on different steps in the revetment.

[0011] Preferably, a pedestrian ladder is fixedly provided on one side of the revetment.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the jagged self-floating wave-breaking dike of the present invention has the following advantages.

[0013] 1) Comprehensively consider the energy dissipation characteristics of traditional bottom-type wave-breaking dikes and new floating wave-breaking dikes, integrate the step revetment with the self-floating wave-breaking wall, consider wave energy dissipation from both the water depth and the water surface, improve the energy dissipation effect, and reduce the water erosion damage to the shore. When the water level reaches the height of the step where the self-floating wave-breaking wall is located, the water will enter the bottom of the self-floating wave-breaking wall through the trash rack on the outside of the step. Since the density of the wall itself is less than that of the water body, the wall floats up under the action of the buoyancy of the water, which can resist the frontal impact of the water flow when the flood rises or the waves go up. Since the self-floating wave-breaking wall is arranged in a staggered manner on the step revetment, the waves will be reflected and broken when they encounter the self-floating wave-breaking wall, so that the upwelling water flow and the blocked backflow water flow will continuously collide between the steps, the trash rack, and the self-floating wave-breaking wall, thereby turbulent waves to achieve the energy dissipation effect and reduce the scouring of the shore by waves. The structure of the present invention is novel and unique, which can prevent the shore from being scoured and play a good role in protecting the coast. It also combines ecology with water conservancy projects. As a coastal landscape, it brings certain social benefits to coastal cities. It can also be placed at the bends of urban rivers to achieve the purpose of flood prevention. It has certain promotion value.

[0014] 2) Use the steps to provide space for the violent movement of water particles and cause turbulence to reduce the initial wave energy. Use the open structure of the trash rack to make part of the waves form transmission waves, so that the waves are repeatedly reflected between the trash racks, increasing the probability of water particles colliding with each other and reducing the wave energy again. The self-floating wave-breaking wall not only interferes with the wave reflection and converts the wave energy through the ups and downs of the water body buoyancy, but also forms an upright water-facing surface that can directly meet the waves, further dissipate the wave energy and improve the wave-breaking performance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the trash rack structure of the present invention

[0017] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the overall top view structure of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the overall side structure of the present invention.

[0019] Explanation of the reference numerals: 1. revetment; 2. trash rack; 21. first vertical grid; 22. second vertical grid; 23. horizontal connecting plate; 3. self-floating wave-breaking wall; 4. pedestrian ladder; 5. reinforcement plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The following is combined with Figure 1 to Figure 4In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiment of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the drawings of the embodiment of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiment is a part of the embodiment of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the described embodiment of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work belong to the scope of protection of the present invention. Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used herein should be the usual meanings understood by people with general skills in the field to which the present invention belongs.

[0021] The words "first", "second" and similar words used in the patent application specification and claims of the present invention do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. Words such as "include" or "comprise" and similar words mean that the elements or objects appearing before the word include the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, but do not exclude other elements or objects. "Inside", "outside", "upper", "lower", "far", "near", "front", "back" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly. The drawings in the present invention are not drawn strictly according to the actual proportions. The specific size and quantity of each structure can be determined according to actual needs. The drawings described in the present invention are only schematic diagrams of the structures.

[0022] The jagged self-floating wave-breaking dike provided by the present invention is as follows: Figure 1 to Figure 4 As shown, it includes a revetment 1 built on the embankment. The revetment is a step-like structure with multiple steps. A plurality of groups of trash racks 2 are arranged on the revetment 1. The plurality of groups of trash racks 2 are installed one by one on each step of the revetment. The trash racks 2 include a vertical first grid 21, a vertical second grid 22 and a horizontal connecting plate 23. The vertical second grid 22 is fixed at the outer edge of the current step of the revetment 1 and is flush with the edge. The vertical first grid 21 is fixed on the horizontal plane of the next step of the revetment 1. The horizontal plane of each step, the longitudinal side of the upper step, the vertical first grid 21, the vertical second grid 22 and the horizontal connecting plate 23 enclose a sliding cavity. A plurality of self-floating wave-breaking walls 3 are arranged. The plurality of self-floating wave-breaking walls 3 are distributed in the sliding cavities corresponding to the steps. Each floating wave-breaking wall 3 can slide up and down in the sliding cavity. The self-floating wave-breaking walls 3 on the multiple steps are arranged in a staggered manner.

[0023] The main feature of the wave-breaking dike is that when the water level reaches the height of the step where the self-floating wave-breaking wall 3 is located, the water will enter the bottom of the self-floating wave-breaking wall 3 through the trash rack 2 on the outside of the step. Since the density of the self-floating wave-breaking wall 3 itself is less than that of the water body, the wall floats up under the action of the buoyancy of the water, which can resist the frontal impact of the water flow when the flood rises or the waves go upstream. Since the self-floating wave-breaking wall 3 is arranged in a staggered manner on the step revetment 1, the waves will be reflected and broken when encountering the self-floating wave-breaking wall 3, causing the upwelling water flow and the blocked backflow water flow to continuously collide between the step, the trash rack 2, and the self-floating wave-breaking wall 3, thereby turbulent waves to achieve the energy dissipation effect and reduce the scouring of the waves on the shore.

[0024] Better, such as Figure 1-2 As shown, the bottom of the first vertical grille 21 and the second vertical grille 22 are both provided with a reinforcing plate 5 that fits the step surface.

[0025] On the one hand, the steps are used to provide space for the violent movement of water particles and to cause turbulence to reduce wave energy. On the other hand, the double-layer trash rack 2 composed of the vertical first grid 21, the vertical second grid 22 and the horizontal connecting plate 23 is used to make a part of the waves form transmission waves, so as to provide conditions for the repeated reflection of waves between the trash racks 2 to cause the water particles to collide with each other. A partition is placed at the area surrounded by the trash rack 2 and the revetment 1 to store the set self-floating wave-breaking wall 3, and the reinforcement plate 5 is provided to increase the connectivity between the trash rack 2 and the revetment 1, so that the trash rack 2 is stably installed on the revetment 1.

[0026] Better, such as Figure 1 to Figure 3 As shown, the height of the first vertical grid 21 is equal to twice the height of the step of the revetment 1 , the height of the second vertical grid 22 is equal to half the height of the first vertical grid 21 , and the spacing of the second vertical grid 22 is one third of the height of the first vertical grid 21 .

[0027] On the one hand, the trash rack 2 combined with the revetment 1 steps can form a regular rectangular partition, which is convenient for prefabrication and construction; at the same time, a transparent structure of the trash rack 2 and a blocking structure of the revetment 1 steps (or wave-breaking wall 3) are formed between each layer of steps, which facilitates the continuous transmission, backflow and collision of waves between each layer of steps, thereby improving the energy dissipation effect. The size design of the trash rack 2 does not affect people's stopping and playing on the steps during the dry season, bringing people closer to the water.

[0028] Better, such as Figure 1 As shown, the longitudinal section of the self-floating wave-breaking wall 3 is a rectangle, its height is equal to the height of the step of the revetment 1, and the length-to-height ratio is about 1.6:1.

[0029] The rectangular longitudinal section of the self-floating wave-breaking wall 3 can maximize the area of ​​the self-floating wave-breaking wall 3 facing the waves when it floats, thus playing a role in blocking the waves. At the same time, because the height of the self-floating wave-breaking wall 3 is equal to the height of the steps of the revetment 1 and is half the height of the vertical first grid 21, when the self-floating wave-breaking wall 3 floats to the maximum height, the lower edge just connects with the upper edge of the steps of the revetment 1, forming an upright concave and convex blocking wave-facing structure, thereby reducing the wave climbing. In the dry season, the self-floating wave-breaking wall 3 falls in the trash rack 2 at the same height as the steps of the revetment 1, and has good integrity. The length of the single self-floating wave-breaking wall 3 can be controlled to be about 1.6 times the height of the self-floating wave-breaking wall 3 according to the actual length of the revetment 1 and the characteristics of the staggered arrangement.

[0030] Better, such as Figure 1 As shown, the outer sides of the self-floating wave-breaking walls 3 on different steps in the revetment 1 are coated with waterproof coatings of different colors.

[0031] The self-floating wave-breaking walls 3 set at different steps can be set to blue, yellow, orange, and red warning colors according to the water level, indicating different water levels reached, so as to better warn of floods. When the flood recedes and the water level drops, the self-floating wave-breaking walls 3 will automatically fall into the trash rack 2.

[0032] Better, such as Figure 1 As shown, a pedestrian ladder 4 is fixedly arranged on one side of the revetment 1 , and each step of the revetment 1 corresponds to three steps of the pedestrian ladder 4 .

[0033] The jagged self-floating wave-breaking dike can be set up with multiple steps, and can be used in conjunction with the construction of urban landscape avenues to form a pedestrian viewing trail. In the dry season, visitors can stop and play on the steps, forming a harmonious hydrophilic environment for people and water. In the flood season, it can gradually form a safety barrier for energy dissipation and revetment to protect people's lives and property. The jagged self-floating wave-breaking dike can be used in seawalls and riverbanks that need to be protected from large waves, and can also be used beside coastal and riverside avenues to play both energy dissipation and landscape roles.

[0034] In order to verify the energy dissipation effect of this scheme on waves, the inventor made the following model for simulation:

[0035] 1) Stepped revetment

[0036] The total length of the stepped revetment 1 is 70 cm and the total height is 30 cm. Of the total length of 70 cm, 10 cm is a pedestrian step 4 on one side, 40 cm is a breakwater with trash racks 2 and self-floating wave-breaking walls 3, and another 20 cm is a breakwater with steps but no trash racks 2 and self-floating wave-breaking walls 3, which is mainly used for the comparative test of the energy dissipation effect of the self-floating breakwater of this design. On the stepped revetment 1, the step height of each platform is 5 cm and the width is 10 cm. In order to facilitate access to each step, a normal walking step is set on one side of the stepped revetment 1.

[0037] (2) Asymmetric inverted trash rack

[0038] When making this model, an asymmetric inverted groove type trash rack 2 is set at the edge of each step. The height of the vertical first grid 21 is 10 cm, the height of the vertical second grid 22 is 5 cm, and the width between the vertical first grid 21 and the vertical second grid 22 is 3 cm. The bars of the trash rack 2 are 1 cm wide, and the gap between the bars is 1 cm.

[0039] (3) Self-floating wave-breaking wall

[0040] When making this model, the self-floating wave-breaking wall 3 is a plastic material with a relatively light density and is designed as a hollow rectangle. The self-floating wave-breaking wall 3 is 8 cm long, 2.5 cm wide, and 5 cm high. It is arranged in a canine-tooth pattern in the trash rack 2. According to different water level warnings, the self-floating wave-breaking wall 3 is set to four colors: blue, yellow, orange, and red.

[0041] The energy dissipation effect of the staggered self-floating wave-breaking dike is compared with that of the ordinary step-shaped wave-breaking dike, and the wave height reduction rate is calculated. The wave height is represented by δ, where the wave height of the ordinary step-shaped wave-breaking dike is represented by δp, and the wave height of the self-floating wave-breaking dike is represented by δf. The wave height reduction rate (abbreviated as wave breaking rate) is represented by Kb, and the wave breaking rate is defined as Kb=(δp-δf) / δp.

[0042] Position 1: The water depth is 8cm. The measured data of wave climbing height of two types of wave-breaking dikes are shown in Table 1.

[0043] Table 1 Measured values ​​of wave climbing height of two types of wave breakwaters (unit: cm)

[0044]

[0045] Position 2: When the water depth is 15cm, the measured data of wave climbing height of two types of wave-breaking dikes are shown in Table 2.

[0046] Table 2 Measured values ​​of wave climbing height of two types of wave breakwaters (unit: cm)

[0047]

[0048] According to the analysis of test data, the jagged self-floating wave-breaking dike designed in this application can increase the wave-breaking rate by 30% to 40% compared with the ordinary stepped wave-breaking dike, can achieve the expected wave-breaking effect, significantly reduce the wave height, and more effectively protect the embankment.

[0049] The method for using the jagged self-floating wave-breaking dike of the present invention is as follows:

[0050] When the water level reaches the height of the step where the self-floating wave-breaking wall 3 is located, the water will enter the bottom of the self-floating wave-breaking wall 3 through the trash rack 2 outside the step. Since the density of the self-floating wave-breaking wall 3 itself is less than that of the water body, the wall floats up under the action of the buoyancy of the water, which can resist the frontal impact of the water flow when the flood rises or the waves rise.

[0051] Since the self-floating wave-breaking walls 3 are arranged in a staggered manner on the step revetment 1, waves will be reflected and broken when encountering the self-floating wave-breaking walls 3, so that the upwelling water flow and the blocked backflow water flow will continuously collide between the steps, the trash rack 2, and the self-floating wave-breaking walls 3, thereby turbulent waves to achieve energy dissipation effect and reduce the scouring of the waves on the shore.

[0052] The steps are used to provide space for the violent movement of water particles and cause turbulence to reduce wave energy for the first time. The hollow structure of the trash rack 2 is used to make part of the waves form transmitted waves, which provides conditions for the repeated reflection of waves between the trash racks 2 and the collision of water particles, thereby reducing wave energy again. The self-floating wave-breaking wall 3 fluctuates up and down through the buoyancy of the water body to interfere with wave reflection and convert wave energy. At the same time, the wave-facing area is increased on the wave-facing side of the wave-breaking dike to further dissipate wave energy and improve wave-breaking performance.

[0053] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A jagged self-floating wave-breaking dike, characterized in that: include: A revetment (1) is constructed on the embankment, wherein the revetment (1) is a stepped structure having a plurality of steps; A trash rack (2) is provided in a plurality of groups, and the plurality of groups of the trash racks (2) are installed one by one on each step of the revetment (1), the trash rack (2) comprising a vertical first grille (21), a vertical second grille (22) and a horizontal connecting plate (23), the vertical second grille (22) being fixed at the outer edge of the current step of the revetment (1) and being flush with the edge, the vertical first grille (21) being fixed on the horizontal plane of the next step of the revetment (1), and the horizontal plane of each step, the longitudinal side surface of the upper step, the vertical first grille (21), the vertical second grille (22) and the horizontal connecting plate (23) enclosing and forming a sliding cavity; A plurality of self-floating wave-breaking walls (3) are provided, and the plurality of self-floating wave-breaking walls (3) are distributed in a sliding cavity corresponding to each step, and each self-floating wave-breaking wall (3) can slide up and down in the sliding cavity, and the self-floating wave-breaking walls (3) on the plurality of steps are arranged in a staggered manner.

2. The jagged self-floating wave-breaking dike according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottoms of the first vertical grille (21) and the second vertical grille (22) are both provided with reinforcing plates (5) that fit the step surface.

3. The jagged self-floating wave-breaking dike according to claim 1, characterized in that: The height of the first vertical grid (21) of the trash rack (2) is equal to twice the height of the step of the revetment (1), the height of the second vertical grid (22) of the trash rack (2) is equal to half the height of the first vertical grid (21), and the spacing of the second vertical grid (22) is one third of the height of the first vertical grid (21).

4. The jagged self-floating wave-breaking dike according to claim 1, characterized in that: The self-floating wave-breaking wall (3) has a rectangular longitudinal section, a height of which is equal to the height of the steps of the revetment (1), and a length-to-height ratio of 1.6:

1.

5. The jagged self-floating wave-breaking dike according to claim 1, characterized in that: The self-floating wave-breaking wall (3) is made of a plastic material, the density of which is lower than the density of water, and the interior is hollow.

6. The jagged self-floating wave-breaking dike according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer sides of the self-floating wave-breaking walls (3) on different steps in the revetment (1) are coated with waterproof coatings of different colors.

7. The jagged self-floating wave-breaking dike according to claim 1, characterized in that: A pedestrian ladder (4) is fixedly arranged on one side of the revetment (1).

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