interlocking breakwater

Abstract

The application discloses interlocking self-floating wave-damping revetment and belongs to the technical field of wave-damping revetment. The interlocking self-floating wave-damping revetment comprises a revetment built on a bank, wherein the revetment is in a stepped structure and has a plurality of steps, a plurality of groups of trash racks are arranged on the revetment, the plurality of groups of trash racks are one-to-one correspondingly arranged on the steps of the revetment, the trash rack comprises a vertical first grid, a vertical second grid and a horizontal connecting plate, the vertical second grid is fixed at the outer edge of the current step of the revetment and is flush with the edge, the vertical first grid is fixed on the horizontal plane of the next step of the revetment, the horizontal plane of each step, the longitudinal side surface of the upper step, the vertical first grid, the vertical second grid and the horizontal connecting plate form a sliding cavity, a self-floating wave wall is arranged in the sliding cavity, the self-floating wave walls on the plurality of steps are arranged in an interlocking mode, the stepped revetment and the self-floating wave wall are integrated, the wave energy is considered from the water depth and the water surface, the energy dissipation effect is improved, and the water erosion damage to the bank is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of breakwater technology, specifically to a dog-tooth interlocking self-floating breakwater. Background Technology

[0002] Waves are one of the main driving forces behind embankment erosion. Wave-driven sand erosion and tidal currents transport sediment, causing most of the eroded sediment to spread and migrate away from the shore, resulting in continuous erosion and retreat of the embankment, which in turn endangers its safety. Therefore, it is essential to take engineering measures to protect the embankment. As a type of bank protection structure, breakwaters not only resist wave erosion but also protect the aquatic ecosystem and create opportunities for tourism, sightseeing, and recreation.

[0003] Currently, the two most commonly used breakwaters both domestically and internationally are traditional bottom-mounted breakwaters and new floating breakwaters. Common traditional bottom-mounted breakwaters include vertical breakwaters, sloping breakwaters, and breakwaters using irregularly shaped concrete blocks for energy dissipation. These structures have good overall integrity, are easy to construct and prefabricate, and produce relatively uniform revetment structures. However, because they unidirectionally block the movement of water particles caused by waves, creating turbulence and thus dissipating energy, their wave-dissipating effect is limited, and wave erosion of the breakwater itself is also quite severe. In recent years, the emerging floating breakwater has gained increasing attention as an effective wave-dissipating structure, with several types appearing, such as floating box breakwaters, floating cylinder breakwaters, and floating raft breakwaters. Floating breakwaters belong to the surface-level wave-dissipating type, mainly achieving the effect of wave energy conversion or dissipation through wave reflection and wave interference. However, because they float on the water surface, they cannot replace river or port dikes. Therefore, we propose a new type of self-floating breakwater. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the problems in the prior art and provide a dogtooth-type self-floating breakwater to improve the wave-damping effect.

[0005] This invention provides a dogtooth-style self-floating breakwater, including a revetment constructed on a breakwater. The revetment has a stepped structure with multiple steps. Multiple sets of debris barriers are installed on the revetment, each set corresponding to a step of the revetment. Each debris barrier includes a vertical first grid, a vertical second grid, and a horizontal connecting plate. The vertical second grid is fixed to the outer edge of the current step of the revetment and is flush with the edge. The vertical first grid is fixed to the horizontal surface of the next step of the revetment. The horizontal surface of each step, the longitudinal side of the upper step, the vertical first grid, the vertical second grid, and the horizontal connecting plate enclose a sliding cavity. Several self-floating wave walls are provided, each distributed within the sliding cavity corresponding to each step. Each self-floating wave wall can slide up and down within the sliding cavity. The self-floating wave walls on the multiple steps are arranged in an alternating pattern.

[0006] Preferably, both the first vertical grille and the second vertical grille have a reinforcing plate at their bottom that fits against the step surface.

[0007] Preferably, the height of the first vertical grid is equal to twice the height of the revetment step, the height of the second vertical grid is equal to half the height of the first vertical grid, and the spacing between the second vertical grids is approximately one-third the height of the first vertical grid.

[0008] Preferably, the longitudinal section of the self-floating wave wall is rectangular, and its height is equal to the height of the revetment steps, with a length-to-height ratio of approximately 1.6:1.

[0009] Preferably, the self-floating wave wall is made of plastic material with a density less than that of water and is hollow inside.

[0010] Preferably, the outer side of the self-floating wave wall on different steps of the revetment is coated with a waterproof coating of different colors.

[0011] Preferably, a pedestrian staircase is fixedly installed on one side of the revetment.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the dogtooth interlocking self-floating breakwater of the present invention has the following advantages.

[0013] 1) Taking into account the energy dissipation characteristics of traditional bottom-mounted breakwaters and novel floating breakwaters, this invention integrates stepped revetments with self-floating breakwaters. It considers wave energy dissipation from both water depth and surface perspectives, improving energy dissipation efficiency and reducing shoreline erosion. When the water level reaches the height of the stepped section where the self-floating breakwater is located, water enters the bottom of the self-floating breakwater through the debris barriers on the outside of the steps. Because the wall's density is less than that of water, it floats due to buoyancy, resisting the direct impact of rising floodwaters or upstream waves. Since the self-floating breakwater is arranged in a staggered pattern on the stepped revetment, waves encountering the breakwater are reflected and broken, causing the upwelling and obstructed backflow to collide continuously between the steps, debris barriers, and the self-floating breakwater, thus turbulently dissipating the waves and reducing wave erosion of the shoreline. This invention has a novel and unique structure, preventing shoreline erosion and effectively protecting the coastline. Furthermore, by combining ecology with water conservancy projects, it can serve as a coastal landscape, bringing certain social benefits to coastal cities. It can also be placed at bends in urban rivers to achieve flood control, thus possessing certain promotional value.

[0014] 2) The stepped design provides space for the vigorous movement of water particles, creating turbulence for initial wave energy reduction. The permeable structure of the debris barriers allows some waves to be transmitted, causing repeated reflections between the barriers and increasing the probability of collisions between water particles, thus further reducing wave energy. The self-floating wave wall, while using the buoyancy of the water to interfere with wave reflection and convert wave energy, also forms an upright uplifting surface that directly receives the waves, further dissipating wave energy and improving wave dissipation performance. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the trash rack structure of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 3 This is a top view of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the overall side structure of the present invention.

[0019] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Bank protection; 2. Trash grating; 21. First vertical grating; 22. Second vertical grating; 23. Horizontal connecting plate; 3. Self-floating wave wall; 4. Pedestrian staircase; 5. Reinforcing plate. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figures 1-4To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the described embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used herein should have the ordinary meaning understood by those skilled in the art.

[0021] The terms "first," "second," and similar words used in the patent application specification and claims of this invention do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "inner," "outer," "upper," "lower," "far," "near," "front," and "rear" are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly. The drawings in this invention are not strictly drawn to scale; the specific dimensions and quantity of each structure can be determined according to actual needs. The drawings described in this invention are merely structural schematic diagrams.

[0022] The dog-tooth interlocking self-floating breakwater provided by this invention, such as Figures 1-4 As shown, the structure includes a revetment 1, built on the embankment. The revetment has a stepped structure with multiple steps. Multiple sets of debris barriers 2 are installed on the revetment 1, and each set of debris barriers 2 is installed on a corresponding step of the revetment. The debris barrier 2 includes a vertical first grid 21, a vertical second grid 22, and a horizontal connecting plate 23. The vertical second grid 22 is fixed at the outer edge of the current step of the revetment 1 and is flush with the edge. The vertical first grid 21 is fixed on the horizontal surface of the next step of the revetment 1. The horizontal surface of each step, the longitudinal side of the upper step, the vertical first grid 21, the vertical second grid 22, and the horizontal connecting plate 23 enclose a sliding cavity. Several self-floating wave walls 3 are provided, and the self-floating wave walls 3 are distributed in the sliding cavity corresponding to each step. Each self-floating wave wall 3 can slide up and down in the sliding cavity. The self-floating wave walls 3 on the multiple steps are arranged in an alternating manner.

[0023] The main feature of this breakwater is that when the water level reaches the height of the step where the self-floating breakwater 3 is located, water will enter the bottom of the self-floating breakwater 3 through the debris barrier 2 on the outside of the step. Because the density of the self-floating breakwater 3 is less than that of water, it floats due to buoyancy, resisting the direct impact of rising floodwaters or upstream waves. Since the self-floating breakwater 3 is arranged in a staggered pattern on the stepped revetment 1, waves encountering it will be reflected and broken, causing the upwelling and obstructed backflow to continuously collide between the steps, debris barrier 2, and self-floating breakwater 3, thus disrupting the waves and achieving an energy dissipation effect, reducing wave erosion of the shore.

[0024] Better, such as Figures 1-2 As shown, both the vertical first grille 21 and the vertical second grille 22 have reinforcing plates 5 at their bottom that fit against the step surface.

[0025] On the one hand, the stepped structure provides space for the violent movement of water particles and causes turbulence to reduce wave energy. On the other hand, the open structure of the double-layer debris barrier 2, composed of the vertical first grid 21, the vertical second grid 22 and the horizontal connecting plate 23, allows some waves to form transmitted waves, providing conditions for repeated reflection of waves between the debris barriers 2 and causing water particles to collide with each other. A partition is placed at the junction of the debris barrier 2 and the revetment 1 to store the self-floating wave wall 3. The reinforcing plate 5 increases the connectivity between the debris barrier 2 and the revetment 1, and the debris barrier 2 is stably installed on the revetment 1.

[0026] Better, such as Figures 1-3 As shown, the height of the first vertical grille 21 is twice the height of the revetment step 1, the height of the second vertical grille 22 is half the height of the first vertical grille 21, and the spacing between the second vertical grilles 22 is one-third the height of the first vertical grille 21.

[0027] On the one hand, the trash rack 2 combined with the revetment 1 steps can form a regular rectangular partition, which is convenient for prefabrication construction; on the other hand, a structure of open trash rack 2 and blocking revetment 1 steps (or wave wall 3) is formed between each layer of steps, which facilitates the continuous transmission, backflow and collision of waves between each layer of steps, improving the energy dissipation effect. The size design of trash rack 2 does not affect people stopping and playing on the steps during the dry season, bringing people closer to the water.

[0028] Better, such as Figure 1 As shown, the longitudinal section of the self-floating wave wall 3 is rectangular, and its height is equal to the height of the step of the revetment 1, with a length-to-height ratio of approximately 1.6:1.

[0029] The rectangular longitudinal section of the self-floating breakwater 3 maximizes the area facing the waves when it floats, effectively blocking them. Simultaneously, because the height of the self-floating breakwater 3 is equal to the height of the revetment step 1 and half the height of the vertical first grid 21, its lower edge connects precisely with the upper edge of the revetment step 1 when it reaches its maximum height, forming an upright, concave-convex wave-blocking structure that reduces wave rise. During the dry season, the self-floating breakwater 3 rests within the debris barrier 2 at the same height as the revetment step 1, maintaining good overall integrity. The length of a single self-floating breakwater 3 can be controlled to approximately 1.6 times its height, depending on the actual length of the revetment 1 and its staggered arrangement.

[0030] Better, such as Figure 1 As shown, the outer sides of the self-floating wave walls 3 on different steps of the revetment 1 are coated with waterproof coatings of different colors.

[0031] The self-floating wave barrier 3, installed at different levels, can be set with blue, yellow, orange, and red warning colors according to the water level, indicating different water level levels and providing better early warning of floods. When the flood recedes and the water level drops, the self-floating wave barrier 3 will automatically fall into the trash rack 2.

[0032] Better, such as Figure 1 As shown, a pedestrian staircase 4 is fixedly installed on one side of the revetment 1, and each step of the revetment 1 corresponds to three steps of the pedestrian staircase 4.

[0033] The interlocking self-floating breakwater can be designed with multiple tiers to create a pedestrian walkway in conjunction with urban boulevards. During the dry season, visitors can stroll and play on the tiers, creating a harmonious environment between people and water. During the flood season, it can gradually form an energy-dissipating and protective barrier to safeguard people's lives and property. The interlocking self-floating breakwater can be used on seawalls and riverbanks requiring protection from large waves, as well as along coastal and riverside avenues, serving both energy dissipation and aesthetic purposes.

[0034] To verify the wave energy dissipation effect of this scheme, the inventors conducted the following simulation:

[0035] 1) Stepped revetment

[0036] The stepped revetment 1 has a total length of 70cm and a total height of 30cm. Of the 70cm length, 10cm is a pedestrian staircase 4 on one side, 40cm is a breakwater equipped with a debris barrier 2 and a self-floating breakwater wall 3, and the remaining 20cm is a breakwater with only steps but without the debris barrier 2 and self-floating breakwater wall 3, mainly used for comparative testing of its energy dissipation effect with the self-floating breakwater of this design. On the stepped revetment 1, each step is 5cm high and 10cm wide. Normal walking steps are provided on one side of the stepped revetment 1 for easy access to each step.

[0037] (2) Asymmetrical inverted groove type trash rack

[0038] During the construction of this model, an asymmetrical inverted grooved trash rack 2 is installed at the edge of each step. The first vertical rack 21 is 10cm high, the second vertical rack 22 is 5cm high, and the width between the first vertical rack 21 and the second vertical rack 22 is 3cm. The trash rack 2 bars are 1cm wide, and the gap between the bars is 1cm.

[0039] (3) Self-floating wave wall

[0040] In the construction of this model, the self-floating breakwater 3 is made of a lightweight plastic material and designed as a hollow rectangle. The self-floating breakwater 3 is 8cm long, 2.5cm wide, and 5cm high. It is installed within the debris barrier 2 in a dog-tooth staggered pattern. Based on different water level warnings, the self-floating breakwater 3 is set with four colors: blue, yellow, orange, and red.

[0041] The energy dissipation effect of the interlocking self-floating breakwater is compared with that of the ordinary stepped breakwater. The wave run-up reduction rate is calculated. The wave run-up is represented by δ, where the wave run-up of the ordinary stepped breakwater is represented by δp, and the wave run-up of the self-floating breakwater is represented by δf. The wave run-up reduction rate (abbreviated as wave dissipation rate) is represented by Kb, which is defined as Kb=(δp-δf) / δp.

[0042] Location 1: Water depth is 8 cm. The measured wave run-up data for the two types of breakwaters are shown in Table 1.

[0043] Table 1. Measured wave run-up values ​​for two types of breakwaters (unit: cm)

[0044]

[0045] Location 2: When the water depth is 15 cm, the measured wave run-up data for the two types of breakwaters are shown in Table 2.

[0046] Table 2. Measured wave run-up values ​​for two types of breakwaters (unit: cm)

[0047]

[0048] Based on the analysis of experimental data, the interlocking self-floating breakwater designed in this application can improve the wave dissipation rate by 30% to 40% compared with the ordinary stepped breakwater, thus achieving the expected wave dissipation effect, significantly reducing wave rise, and more effectively protecting the breakwater.

[0049] The method of using the dog-tooth interlocking self-floating breakwater of the present invention is as follows:

[0050] When the water level reaches the height of the step where the self-floating wave wall 3 is located, the water will enter the bottom of the self-floating wave wall 3 through the debris barrier 2 on the outside of the step. Since the density of the self-floating wave wall 3 is less than that of water, it will float up due to the buoyancy of the water and can resist the frontal impact of the water flow when the flood rises or the waves rise.

[0051] Since the self-floating breakwater 3 is arranged in a staggered pattern on the stepped revetment 1, the waves will be reflected and broken when they encounter the self-floating breakwater 3. This causes the upflow and the obstructed backflow to collide continuously between the steps, the trash rack 2, and the self-floating breakwater 3, thereby disturbing the waves and achieving the energy dissipation effect, reducing the scouring of the shore by the waves.

[0052] The step-by-step design provides space for the violent movement of water particles and induces turbulence to initially reduce wave energy. The permeable structure of the debris barrier 2 allows some waves to be transmitted, providing conditions for repeated reflections between the debris barriers 2, which causes water particles to collide with each other, further reducing wave energy. The self-floating wave wall 3 interferes with wave reflection and converts wave energy by the buoyancy of the water body. At the same time, the wave-facing area on the wave-facing side of the breakwater is increased to further dissipate wave energy and improve wave dissipation performance.

[0053] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A dog-tooth interlocking self-floating breakwater, characterized in that, include: The revetment (1) is built on the embankment and has a stepped structure with multiple steps; Multiple sets of trash racks (2) are installed one-to-one on each step of the revetment (1). Each trash rack (2) includes a vertical first grid (21), a vertical second grid (22), and a horizontal connecting plate (23). The vertical second grid (22) is fixed at the outer edge of the current step of the revetment (1) and is flush with the edge. The vertical first grid (21) is fixed on the horizontal surface of the next step of the revetment (1). The horizontal surface of each step, the longitudinal side of the upper step, the vertical first grid (21), the vertical second grid (22), and the horizontal connecting plate (23) enclose and form a sliding cavity. A number of self-floating wave-breaking walls (3) are provided. The self-floating wave-breaking walls (3) are distributed in the sliding cavities corresponding to each step. Each self-floating wave-breaking wall (3) can slide up and down in the sliding cavity. The self-floating wave-breaking walls (3) on multiple steps are arranged in an alternating manner.

2. The dog-tooth interlocking self-floating breakwater as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of both the vertical first grid (21) and the vertical second grid (22) is provided with a reinforcing plate (5) that fits against the step surface.

3. The dog-tooth interlocking self-floating breakwater as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The height of the first vertical grid (21) of the debris barrier (2) is twice the height of the step of the revetment (1), the height of the second vertical grid (22) of the debris barrier (2) is half the height of the first vertical grid (21), and the spacing of the second vertical grid (22) is one-third the height of the first vertical grid (21).

4. The dog-tooth interlocking self-floating breakwater as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The self-floating wave wall (3) has a rectangular longitudinal section, and its height is equal to the height of the steps of the revetment (1), with a length-to-height ratio of 1.6:

1.

5. The dog-tooth interlocking self-floating breakwater as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The self-floating wave wall (3) is made of plastic material with a density less than that of water and is hollow inside.

6. The dog-tooth interlocking self-floating breakwater as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The outer side of the self-floating wave wall (3) on different steps of the revetment (1) is coated with a waterproof coating of different colors.

7. The dog-tooth interlocking self-floating breakwater as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A pedestrian staircase (4) is fixedly installed on one side of the revetment (1).

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