Fishway structure and water level control method and system

Abstract

The invention discloses a fishway structure and a water level control method and system. The fishway structure is applied to fish migration on the downstream side of the dam body, a first bearing part and a second bearing part are arranged on the side, close to a downstream water area, of the dam body, the first bearing part is arranged above the second bearing part, and the first bearing part and the second bearing part form a step structure; the fishway structure comprises a fishway body and a fishway auxiliary assembly, the fishway body forms a fishway opening at the first bearing part, the fishway auxiliary assembly is arranged on the second bearing part and is provided with a water tank close to the first bearing part, the side, close to the downstream water area, of the water tank is provided with a fish inlet, and meanwhile the water tank is configured to store water in the dry season. According to the fishway, the fish inlet is formed in the water tank, the fish is assisted to migrate through the fishway opening, so that the fish can enter the water tank through the fish inlet in the dry season and enter the fishway through the water tank to achieve migration, the whole fishway does not need to be reformed in all directions, the reformation period of the fishway is shortened, and the reformation cost of the fishway is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of water conservancy technology, and in particular to a fishway structure, a water level control method and a system. Background Art

[0002] A fishway is an artificial water channel for fish to migrate through a sluice or dam. It is mainly used to help fish cross artificial or natural obstacles, provide a safe migration channel for fish, and help them overcome obstacles such as dams and dikes, thereby maintaining the balance of the river ecosystem.

[0003] At present, the construction cost of fishways is huge, and once they are built, it is difficult to renovate them later. At the same time, due to factors such as diverse climate changes and unreasonable early design, the fishway entrance will experience a drop in water during the dry season, making it impossible for fish to migrate through the fishway. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present application provides a fishway structure, a water level control method and a system, which not only eliminates the need for comprehensive modifications to the fishway, but also ensures that fish can migrate smoothly through the fishway during the dry season.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a fishway structure, which is applied to fish migration on the downstream side of a dam body, wherein a first bearing part and a second bearing part are provided on a side of the dam body close to the downstream waters, wherein the first bearing part is provided above the second bearing part and forms a stepped structure with the second bearing part; the fishway structure comprises: The fishway body forms a fishway opening at the first bearing portion; The fishway auxiliary component is arranged on the second bearing part and is provided with a water tank near the first bearing part, and a fish inlet is arranged on a side of the water tank near the downstream water area; The water tank is configured to store water during the dry season and assist fish in migrating through the fishway.

[0006] Further, in the fishway structure provided in the present application, the fishway auxiliary component includes at least one isolation member; The isolating member is provided with a water outlet and is arranged in the water tank. The isolating member is configured to separate the water tank into a first water pool and a second water pool; the second water pool is arranged on a side of the first water pool away from the fishway entrance.

[0007] Furthermore, in the fishway structure provided in the present application, the fish inlet is arranged on a side of the second pool close to the downstream water area.

[0008] Furthermore, in the fishway structure provided in the present application, the water storage depth of the first water pool is higher than the water storage depth of the second water pool.

[0009] Furthermore, in the fishway structure provided in the present application, the fishway auxiliary assembly includes at least two isolation members; Wherein, the two isolators are both provided with water outlets and are both arranged in the water tank, and the two isolators are configured to separate the water tank into a first water tank, a second water tank and a third water tank; The third water pool is arranged between the first water pool and the second water pool, the water storage depth of the first water pool is not less than the water storage depth of the third water pool, and the water storage depth of the third water pool is higher than the water storage depth of the second water pool.

[0010] Furthermore, in the fishway structure provided in the present application, at least one of the first water pool, the second water pool and the third water pool is provided with a water level detector.

[0011] Furthermore, in the fishway structure provided in the present application, the isolation member is a liftable isolation member.

[0012] Furthermore, in the fishway structure provided in the present application, a water retaining plate is provided at the fishway entrance, and the water retaining plate is configured to divert the water flow on the upstream side of the dam body into the water tank.

[0013] In a second aspect, the present application further provides a water level control method, which is applied to the fishway structure provided in the first aspect, and the method comprises: Detect the water level of the target area in the water tank to obtain the water storage depth of the target area; If the water storage depth of the target area is lower than a preset first depth, the target area is controlled to release the water in the target area.

[0014] In a third aspect, the present application further provides a water level control system, which includes a controller, and the controller is configured to execute the water level control method provided in the second aspect.

[0015] The fishway structure provided in the present application is applied to the fish migration on the downstream side of the dam body. A first bearing part and a second bearing part are provided on a side of the dam body close to the downstream water area, the first bearing part is provided above the second bearing part, and forms a stepped structure with the second bearing part; the fishway structure comprises a fishway body and a fishway auxiliary component, the fishway body forms a fishway opening at the first bearing part, the fishway auxiliary component is provided on the second bearing part and is provided with a water trough close to the first bearing part, a fish inlet is provided on a side of the water trough close to the downstream water area, and the water trough is configured to store water in the dry season and assist fish to migrate through the fishway opening, thereby not only ensuring that fish can enter the water trough through the fish inlet in the dry season and enter the fishway through the water trough to achieve migration, but also there is no need to re-modify the entire fishway in all aspects, which greatly shortens the modification cycle of the fishway and also reduces the cost of fishway modification. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0017] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a fishway structure provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 A flow chart of a water level control method provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0018] Reference numerals: 10. Dam body; 110. First bearing part; 120. Second bearing part; 130. Slope; 20. Fishway body; 210. Fishway mouth; 220. Drainage member; 30. Fishway auxiliary assembly; 310. Water trough; 311. First water pool; 312. Second water pool, 313. Third water pool; 320. Fish inlet; 330. Isolation member; 331. Water outlet; 40. Water retaining plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0020] It should be understood that when used in this specification and the appended claims, the terms "include" and "comprises" indicate the presence of described features, integers, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0021] It should also be understood that the terms used in this application specification are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the application. As used in this application specification and the appended claims, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include plural forms.

[0022] It should be further understood that the term “and / or” used in the specification and appended claims refers to any combination and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items, and includes these combinations.

[0023] In addition, in this application, unless otherwise clearly specified or limited in the embodiments, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected" and "fixed" etc. appearing in the embodiments should be understood in a broad sense. For example, the connection can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated connection. It can be understood that it can also be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, etc.; of course, it can also be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal connection of two elements, or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to the specific implementation situation.

[0024] See also Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the fishway structure provided in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 As shown, the present application provides a fishway structure, which is applied to fish migration on the downstream side of a dam body 10. A first bearing part 110 and a second bearing part 120 are provided on the side of the dam body 10 close to the downstream water area. The first bearing part 110 is provided above the second bearing part 120 and forms a stepped structure with the second bearing part 120. The fishway structure includes: The fishway body 20 forms a fishway opening 210 at the first bearing portion 110; The fishway auxiliary component 30 is disposed on the second carrying portion 120 and is provided with a water tank 310 near the first carrying portion 110. A fish inlet 320 is provided on one side of the water tank 310 near the downstream water area; The water tank 310 is configured to store water during the dry season and assist fishes in migrating through the fishway 210 .

[0025] In the present application, the dam body 10 is a key structure in a water conservancy project, which is used to intercept water flow, form a reservoir or adjust the water level, and plays a variety of roles such as flood control, power generation, and irrigation. A first bearing portion 110 is provided on the side of the dam body 10 close to the downstream, and the original fishway forms a fishway opening 210 at the first bearing portion 110. At the same time, the fishway body 20 mentioned in the present application can be understood as the original fishway on the dam body 10.

[0026] Specifically, in the non-dry season, the fish in the downstream can migrate to the upstream of the dam body 10 through the fishway opening 210. At the same time, the present application can also set a diversion member 220 at the fishway opening 210, that is, at the first bearing part 110, so as to change the direction and speed of the water flow, make the water flow more stable and orderly, form a flow state and hydrodynamic conditions suitable for fish migration, and help fish enter the fishway more easily. The diversion member 220 can be made of cement prefabricated parts.

[0027] In this embodiment, a second bearing part 120 is further provided on the side of the dam body 10 close to the downstream. The second bearing part 120 is adjacent to the first bearing part 110 and forms a stepped structure, that is, the first bearing part 110 is provided above the second bearing part 120, and a slope 130 is provided above the second bearing part 120. In order to prevent fish from being unable to migrate through the fishway during the dry season, the present application can provide a fishway auxiliary component 30 on the second bearing part 120, and the fishway auxiliary component 30 can store water during the dry season. At the same time, a fish inlet 320 is provided on the side of the fishway auxiliary component 30 close to the downstream water area, so that during the dry season, fish can enter the water reservoir of the fishway auxiliary component 30, that is, the water tank 310, through the fish inlet 320, and can stay and gather in the fishway auxiliary component 30, and at the same time, with the help of the fishway auxiliary component 30, enter the fishway through the fishway opening 210 to migrate.

[0028] The height of the fish inlet 320 can be flush with the first bearing portion 110, or slightly higher than the first bearing portion 110. At the same time, the height of the fish inlet 320 can also be flush with the second bearing portion 120. The design of the fish inlet 320 can be selected according to actual applications, and this application does not make specific restrictions. For example, when there is only one water storage area in the auxiliary component, the height of the fish inlet 320 can be flush with the first bearing part 110, or slightly higher than the first bearing part 110, thereby ensuring that during the dry season, the water level in the auxiliary component is higher than the first bearing part 110, thereby ensuring that the fish in the water storage area can enter the fishway through the fishway opening 210 for migration.

[0029] For another example, when two water storage areas are provided in the auxiliary component, they can be understood as the first water pool 311 and the second water pool 312 mentioned in this application. At this time, the fish inlet 320 is provided on the second water pool 312, and the water level of the first water pool 311 is higher than the first supporting part 110. The water level of the second water pool 312 can be 0 or not. When the water level of the second water pool 312 is 0, the fish inlet 320 can be flush with the second supporting part 120; if it is not 0, the fish inlet 320 can be higher than the second supporting part 120 and lower than the first supporting part 110.

[0030] The fishway structure provided in the present application is applied to the fish migration on the downstream side of the dam body 10. The side of the dam body 10 close to the downstream water area is provided with a first bearing part 110 and a second bearing part 120. The first bearing part 110 is arranged above the second bearing part 120 and forms a stepped structure with the second bearing part 120. The fishway structure includes a fishway body 20 and a fishway auxiliary component 30. The fishway body 20 forms a fishway opening 210 at the first bearing part 110. The fishway auxiliary component 30 is arranged on the second bearing part 120 and is close to the first bearing part 120. A water trough 310 is provided at the portion 110, and a fish inlet 320 is provided on one side of the water trough 310 close to the downstream water area. At the same time, the water trough 310 is configured to store water in the dry season and assist fish to migrate through the fishway opening 210, thereby not only ensuring that fish can enter the water trough 310 through the fish inlet 320 in the dry season and enter the fishway through the water trough 310 to achieve migration, but also eliminating the need to re-modify the entire fishway in all aspects, greatly shortening the modification period of the fishway, and also reducing the cost of the fishway modification.

[0031] In some embodiments, Figure 1 As shown, the fishway auxiliary component 30 includes at least one partition 330; the partition 330 is provided with a water outlet 331 and is arranged in the water tank 310, and the partition 330 is configured to separate the water tank 310 into a first water pool 311 and a second water pool 312; the second water pool 312 is arranged on the side of the first water pool 311 away from the fishway opening 210.

[0032] In this embodiment, the isolation member 330 can separate the water tank 310 in the tutoring auxiliary component into a first water pool 311 and a second water pool 312. The first water pool 311 and the second water pool 312 can both be configured to store water. A water outlet 331 is provided on the isolation member 330. The second water pool 312 is provided on the side of the first water pool 311 away from the fishway entrance 210. The fish in the second water pool 312 can enter the first water pool 311 through the water outlet 331 and migrate to the fishway at the first water pool 311.

[0033] Furthermore, in some embodiments, Figure 1 As shown, the fish inlet 320 is disposed on a side of the second pool 312 close to the downstream water area.

[0034] In this embodiment, the side of the first water pool 311 close to the fishway entrance 210 can be the side wall of the first supporting part 110. At the same time, the side of the first water pool 311 close to the downstream water area does not need to be provided with a fish inlet 320, and it is only necessary to set the fish inlet 320 at the second water pool 312. Then, fish can enter the second water pool 312 through the fish inlet 320, and in the second water pool 312, enter the first water pool 311 through the water outlet 331 of the isolation member 330, and finally enter the fishway through the first water pool 311.

[0035] It should be noted that the first water pool 311 may be provided with a fish inlet 320 or not, which may be selected according to actual application and is not specifically limited in this application. At the same time, the number and size of the fish inlet 320 may be selected according to actual application.

[0036] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the water storage depth of the first water tank 311 is higher than the water storage depth of the second water tank 312 .

[0037] In this embodiment, the water storage depth can be understood as the water level in the pool. By setting the water storage depth of the first pool 311 to be higher than the water storage depth of the second pool 312, the present application can ensure that the water flow entering the fishway can flow smoothly into the downstream through the first pool 311 and the second pool 312, thereby slowing down the water flow speed.

[0038] In some embodiments, Figure 1 As shown, the fishway auxiliary component 30 includes at least two partitions 330; wherein, the two partitions 330 are both provided with a water outlet 331 and are both arranged in the water tank 310, and the two partitions 330 are configured to divide the water tank 310 into a first water pool 311, a second water pool 312 and a third water pool 313; the third water pool 313 is arranged between the first water pool 311 and the second water pool 312, and the water storage depth of the first water pool 311 is not less than the water storage depth of the third water pool 313, and the water storage depth of the third water pool 313 is higher than the water storage depth of the second water pool 312.

[0039] In this embodiment, the water tank 310 in the fishway auxiliary component 30 can be isolated by two isolation members 330 to divide the water tank 310 into three pools, namely the first pool 311, the second pool 312 and the third pool 313. The third pool 313 is arranged between the first pool 311 and the second pool 312. At the same time, water outlets 331 can be set on both isolation members 330, and the heights of the two water outlets 331 can be lowered successively. At the same time, the two water outlets 331 need to be staggered, that is, one water outlet 331 can be located on the left side of the corresponding isolation member 330, and the other water outlet 331 can be located on the right side of the corresponding isolation member 330, thereby slowing down the flow rate of the water.

[0040] It should be noted that the present application may also include more than two isolation members 330, and the water outlets 331 of each isolation member 330 may be alternately arranged in sequence, and the heights may be reduced in sequence. The number of isolation members 330 may be selected according to actual applications, and the present application does not make any specific limitations.

[0041] It should also be noted that each water pool formed by the water trough 310 can be made of cement separately. After being made according to the requirements, it can be spliced ​​to form the water trough 310 mentioned in this application. At the same time, the isolation member 330 can also be made of cement. After separating the water pools, water seepage can be allowed, but it is necessary to ensure that there is no large amount of water leakage.

[0042] Exemplarily, four water pools can be set in the water tank 310, namely the first water pool 311, the second water pool 312 and two third water pools 313. The water storage depth of the first water pool 311 can be 1.7 meters, the water storage depth of the third water pool 313 close to the first water pool 311 can be 1.4 meters, the water storage depth of the third water pool 313 close to the second water pool 312 can be 1.1 meters, and the water storage depth of the second water pool 312 can be 0.8 meters.

[0043] In some embodiments, at least one of the first water pool 311 , the second water pool 312 , and the third water pool 313 is provided with a water level detector.

[0044] Specifically, at least one of the first water pool 311, the second water pool 312 and the third water pool 313 mentioned in the present application can be provided with a water level detector so as to predict the water level in each water pool in advance, so as to make corresponding decisions in time to avoid the death of fish staying in each water pool for a short time due to the drop in water level.

[0045] In some embodiments, the isolation member 330 is a liftable isolation member 330 .

[0046] In this embodiment, the isolation member 330 can be raised and lowered in the water tank 310, and then the water pool can be drained in time after the water level in each pool is lowered, so as to prevent the fish in the water tank 310 from staying in the water tank 310 for a long time when they cannot migrate. The lifting and lowering of the isolation member 330 can be designed using the lifting and lowering principle of the sluice gate.

[0047] In some embodiments, Figure 1 As shown, a water retaining plate 40 is provided at the fishway entrance 210 , and the water retaining plate 40 is configured to guide the water flow on the upstream side of the dam body 10 into the water tank 310 .

[0048] In this embodiment, the main function of the water retaining plate 40 is to guide the water flow in the fishway body 20 to the water tank 310 of the fishway auxiliary component 30, so that the fish in the water tank 310 can smoothly pass through the fishway opening 210 and enter the fishway.

[0049] In some embodiments, Figure 2 As shown, the present application also provides a water level control method, which is applied to the fishway structure provided in the present application, and the method includes steps S110 and S120.

[0050] S110, detecting the water level of the target area in the water tank 310 to obtain the water storage depth of the target area; S120: If the water storage depth of the target area is lower than a preset first depth, control the target area to release the water stored in the target area.

[0051] In this embodiment, the target area can be understood as any one of the first water pool 311, the second water pool 312 and the third water pool 313 mentioned in the present application, and the water level detection of the target area can be implemented by using a water level detector. Specifically, in the process of detecting the water level of each water pool in the water tank 310, the water level of each water pool can be detected at the same time.

[0052] Normally, during the dry season, the water levels upstream and downstream will drop to varying degrees, and the flow rate from the upstream into the water tank 310 will also decrease. Since the fish inlet 320 is set lower than the first supporting part 110, fish may not be able to pass through the water tank 310 and enter the fishway. In order to prevent fish from staying in the water tank 310 for a long time, the water stored in the water tank 310 can be discharged in advance to prevent fish from staying in the water tank 310 for a long time.

[0053] In one embodiment, if the water tank 310 is divided into a first water pool 311 and a second water pool 312, the fish inlet 320 at the second water pool 312 can be flush with the second supporting portion 120. If the water stored in the water tank 310 needs to be discharged during the dry season, the second water pool 312 usually does not store water due to the drop in the downstream water level. Only the first water pool 311 has water. At this time, the isolation member 330 can be raised to discharge the water stored in the first water pool 311.

[0054] In one embodiment, if the water tank 310 is divided into a first water pool 311, a second water pool 312 and a third water pool 313, the fish inlet 320 at the second water pool 312 can be flush with the second bearing portion 120, and the third water pool 313 can be arranged between the first water pool 311 and the second water pool 312. If it is in the dry season, the water level of the third water pool 313 can be detected in advance. When the water level of the third water pool 313 drops to a certain water level, such as a preset first water level, the isolation member 330 between the third water pool 313 and the second water pool 312 can be opened first to discharge the stored water in the third water pool 313 into the downstream water area. If it is detected that the water level of the first water pool 311 is lower than the preset second water level, it can be determined that the fish in the first water pool 311 cannot enter the fishway. For this purpose, the isolation member 330 between the first water pool 311 and the third water pool 313 can be opened to discharge the stored water in the first water pool 311 into the downstream water area.

[0055] In addition, the present application can also detect the water flow velocity at the fishway entrance 210. When it is detected that the water flow velocity at the fishway entrance 210 decreases to within the preset flow velocity range and lasts for a preset time, it can be determined that the water level of the upstream water area continues to drop, and the fish cannot migrate within the preset flow velocity range. In order to prevent the fish in the water tank 310 from staying in the water tank 310 for a long time, the water in the water tank 310 can be directly discharged so that the fish staying in the water tank 310 return to the downstream water area. The water flow velocity at the fishway entrance 210 can be tested using a flow meter.

[0056] In some embodiments, the present application also provides a water level control system, which includes a controller, and the controller is configured to execute the water level control method provided by the present application.

[0057] In this embodiment, the controller can receive a water level signal of a target area in the water tank 310 and a flow rate signal at the fishway opening 210 , and can send a control instruction based on the water level signal and the flow rate signal to control the isolation member 330 to rise and fall.

[0058] The above is only a specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of various equivalent modifications or replacements within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, and these modifications or replacements should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A fishway structure, characterized in that: The fishway structure is applied to fish migration on the downstream side of a dam body (10), wherein a first bearing portion (110) and a second bearing portion (120) are provided on a side of the dam body (10) close to the downstream water area, wherein the first bearing portion (110) is provided above the second bearing portion (120) and forms a stepped structure with the second bearing portion (120); the fishway structure comprises: A fishway body (20), forming a fishway opening (210) at the first bearing portion (110); A fishway auxiliary component (30) is disposed on the second bearing portion (120), and is provided with a water tank (310) near the first bearing portion (110); a fish inlet (320) is provided on a side of the water tank (310) near the downstream water area; The water tank (310) is configured to store water during the dry season and assist fish in migrating through the fishway (210).

2. The fishway structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fishway auxiliary component (30) comprises at least one isolation member (330); The partition (330) is provided with a water outlet (331) and is disposed in the water tank (310). The partition (330) is configured to separate the water tank (310) into a first water pool (311) and a second water pool (312); the second water pool (312) is disposed on a side of the first water pool (311) away from the fishway opening (210).

3. The fishway structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fish inlet (320) is arranged on a side of the second water pool (312) close to the downstream water area.

4. The fishway structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The water storage depth of the first water pool (311) is greater than the water storage depth of the second water pool (312).

5. The fishway structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fishway auxiliary component (30) comprises at least two isolation members (330); Wherein, the two isolating members (330) are both provided with the water outlet (331) and are both arranged in the water tank (310), and the two isolating members (330) are configured to separate the water tank (310) into the first water pool (311), the second water pool (312) and the third water pool (313); The third water pool (313) is arranged between the first water pool (311) and the second water pool (312); the water storage depth of the first water pool (311) is not less than the water storage depth of the third water pool (313); and the water storage depth of the third water pool (313) is greater than the water storage depth of the second water pool (312).

6. The fishway structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: At least one of the first water pool (311), the second water pool (312) and the third water pool (313) is provided with a water level detector.

7. The fishway structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The isolation member (330) is a liftable isolation member (330).

8. The fishway structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: A water retaining plate (40) is provided at the fishway opening (210), and the water retaining plate (40) is configured to guide the water flow on the upstream side of the dam body (10) into the water tank (310).

9. A water level control method, characterized in that: Applied to the fishway structure according to any one of claims 1 to 8, the method comprises: Performing water level detection on a target area in the water tank (310) to obtain a water storage depth of the target area; If the water storage depth of the target area is lower than a preset first depth, the target area is controlled to release the water in the target area.

10. A water level control system, characterized in that: The invention comprises a controller configured to execute the water level control method according to claim 9.

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