Construction method of intelligent in-pipe pedestal pile and intelligent rammer equipment

Abstract

The invention relates to a construction method of an intelligent in-pipe pedestal pile and intelligent rammer equipment, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, forming a hole at a set pile position and lowering a retaining wall body to a bearing stratum, or directly pressing the retaining wall body to the bearing stratum to form a pile hole; s2, filling and tamping the hollow part of the retaining wall body, and detecting the hammer lifting tension of a heavy hammer; s3, if the hammer lifting pull force of the heavy hammer is greater than the self weight of the heavy hammer, judging that the heavy hammer clamps / absorbs the hammer, and adopting one or a combination scheme of more modes of increasing the filling amount of the next filling material, reducing the hammer lifting height of the heavy hammer and replacing the large-particle-size filling material for treatment; s4, checking the compactness of an expanded head formed by tamping the filler; and S5, concrete is poured into the hollow part of the retaining wall body to construct a pile body. The hammer lifting tension is monitored in real time, the numerical value change of the hammer lifting tension is compared with the dead weight of the heavy hammer, the hammer sucking / clamping state of the heavy hammer is divided into the pile bottom hammer sucking state and the pipe wall hammer clamping state, the pile bottom hammer sucking state and the pipe wall hammer clamping state are handled in advance in a targeted mode, and the hammer clamping condition of the heavy hammer can be effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of pile foundation construction, and in particular to an intelligent in-tube expanded bottom pile construction method and an intelligent rammer device. Background Art

[0002] The expanded base pile is a type of pile with an enlarged head with a larger diameter connected to the bottom of the pile body. Since the expanded base diameter of the enlarged head can be 1.5 to 4 times larger than that of the pile body, the single pile bearing capacity of the expanded base pile can be increased by more than 3 times. Under the same single pile bearing performance requirements, the pile body length can be reduced by more than 2 times, which has extremely broad development prospects in pile foundation construction.

[0003] At present, when constructing expanded base piles, the pile body can be cast-in-place piles or prefabricated pipe piles; the expanded head can be formed by mechanical methods such as heavy hammer tamping, static pressure, and spinning filling materials, or it can be formed by grouting and solidification after rotary excavation of the expanded base pit at the bottom of the pile body; among them, the method of constructing the expanded head by heavy hammer tamping filling materials is the simplest, and the corresponding construction equipment has a simple structure, comprehensive functional integration, more mature technology, and a higher degree of intelligence. It is a construction method that is currently widely used.

[0004] However, when using a heavy hammer to tamp the filling material, if the water content in the soil layer is high or the groundwater pressure is high, when the heavy hammer tamps the filling material into this type of soil layer, this part of the soil layer will be tamped into a rubber-like soil, and in severe cases, it will cause suction hammer; or when tamping the filling material in the pipe, when the heavy hammer tamps the filling material, part of the filling material will surge downward, and the other part of the filling material will diffuse to the surrounding side and enter the gap between the heavy hammer and the pipe wall. As the tamping operation continues, the filling material in the gap between the heavy hammer and the pipe wall will form a hardened cylinder, which will also cause the hammer clamping phenomenon, and in severe cases, it will cause pile explosion. Once a serious hammer clamping phenomenon occurs, the heavy hammer cannot be pulled out, and a crane needs to be replaced to lift the heavy hammer, which will undoubtedly seriously affect the construction progress; and if automated pile foundation construction equipment is used for the construction of bottom expansion piles, the pile foundation construction equipment cannot determine the hammer clamping situation, and it is easy to cause serious damage to the pile foundation construction equipment during the automatic execution according to the set program. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to improve the problem that the hammer clamping phenomenon easily caused by heavy hammer tamping filling materials is difficult to solve in time, which puts a great burden on construction progress and construction cost, the present application provides an intelligent in-pipe expanded bottom pile construction method and intelligent tamping hammer equipment.

[0006] The first aspect of the present application provides an intelligent in-pipe expanded bottom pile construction method using the following technical solution: A construction method for an intelligent in-pipe expanded bottom pile comprises the following steps: S1. Drilling a hole at the set pile position and lowering the retaining wall body to the bearing layer, or directly pressing the retaining wall body down to the bearing layer to form a pile hole; S2. Place filler material into the hollow portion of the wall protection body, and lift the heavy hammer to tamp, and detect the lifting force of the heavy hammer; S3. If the lifting force of the hammer after the heavy hammer hits the filler is greater than the weight of the heavy hammer, it is determined that the heavy hammer is clamped or sucked, and one or a combination of methods such as increasing the amount of filler for the next time, reducing the height of the heavy hammer, and replacing the filler with a larger particle size is adopted for treatment; S4. Check whether the density of the enlarged head formed by the tamping of the filler meets the construction standard. If the construction is qualified, proceed to the next step; otherwise, continue to add the filler and tamp; S5. Pour concrete into the hollow part of the retaining wall to construct the pile body.

[0007] Furthermore, in step S3, if the lifting force of the hammer increases slowly at first and then decreases to the deadweight of the hammer in a short time, the hammer is judged to be in the bottom suction hammer state, and the hammer is handled by increasing the amount of filling material for the next time and / or reducing the lifting height of the hammer; If the pulling force of the hammer increases rapidly to a certain range of values ​​after a certain period of time and then decreases to the weight of the hammer, it is determined that the hammer is in a state of being clamped by the pipe wall, and it is handled by replacing large-diameter fillers and / or lowering the height of the hammer.

[0008] Furthermore, in step S3, the hammer bottom elevation of the heavy hammer is also detected. If the hammer bottom elevation is lower than the pile bottom elevation before the hammer is lifted and the pulling force of the hammer is first slowly increased and then reduced to the deadweight of the heavy hammer in a short time, the heavy hammer is determined to be in the pile bottom suction hammer state; If the bottom elevation of the hammer before lifting the hammer is not lower than the bottom elevation of the pile and the pulling force of the hammer increases rapidly to a certain range of values ​​after a certain period of time and then decreases to the weight of the hammer, the hammer is determined to be in a state of being clamped by the pipe wall.

[0009] Furthermore, in the step S3, the upward displacement of the heavy hammer from the time when the heavy hammer is lifted to the time when the pulling force of the heavy hammer is just equal to the deadweight of the heavy hammer is detected; When the heavy hammer is determined to be in the state of suction hammer at the bottom of the pile, if the lifting displacement is not greater than the first threshold, first increase the amount of filling material for the next time and then tamp, if the lifting displacement of the heavy hammer after not less than three consecutive tampings does not approach zero, then reduce the lifting height of the heavy hammer; If the lifting displacement is greater than the first threshold, only the method of lowering the weight hammer height is adopted, or the method of lowering the weight hammer height and increasing the amount of filling material for the next time is adopted at the same time; Until it is determined that the heavy hammer has not absorbed the hammer, restore the original heavy hammer lifting height and the amount of filling material added in a single time, and continue to add material and tamp.

[0010] Furthermore, in step S3, the proportion of coarse aggregate in the replaced large-size filler is not less than 50%, and the particle size of the coarse aggregate is greater than the difference in radius between the weight and the inner wall of the protective wall body and is less than or equal to the difference in diameter between the weight and the inner wall of the protective wall body.

[0011] Furthermore, in the step S3, when the coarse aggregate is added, the following steps are included: S31. Lift the weight until the bottom elevation of the weight just exceeds the pipe wall clamping weight layer, and swing the weight to one side so that a feeding space is formed between the other opposite side of the weight and the inner wall of the wall protection body, and then add coarse aggregate into the feeding space; S32. Control the heavy hammer to go down and up and down in a small range for several times, so that the coarse aggregate can be scraped off the hammer layer of the pipe wall adhering to the inner wall of the protective wall by the friction of the heavy hammer.

[0012] Furthermore, in step S2, the zero-point tension of the lifting hammer is set according to the deadweight of the weight. When the lifting hammer tension is greater than or equal to the zero-point tension of the lifting hammer and is maintained for a set time, it is determined that the wire rope used to lift the weight is in a taut state. Only then can the elevation and displacement of the weight be determined based on the travel amount of the wire rope.

[0013] Furthermore, in the step S1, if prefabricated piles are used, the wall protection body is a prestressed pipe pile; if cast-in-place piles are used, the wall protection body is a steel casing; When driving piles, a bottom seal is set at the bottom of the retaining wall and pressed down to the bearing layer. After the filling material is placed, the bottom seal is broken by tamping with a heavy hammer; alternatively, the bottom of the retaining wall is not sealed and directly pressed down to the bearing layer, and then soil is taken from the hollow part of the retaining wall to the bearing layer, and then the filling material is tamped.

[0014] Furthermore, in step S4, the enlarged head is inspected by one of the following methods: (i) The heavy hammer is lifted to the set lifting height and tamped the filling material. If the amount of sinking of the heavy hammer does not increase after N consecutive tamping without filling material, the enlarged head construction is qualified, where N ≥ 3; (ii) Measure three-strike penetration.

[0015] The second aspect of the present application provides an intelligent rammer device that adopts the following technical solution: An intelligent rammer device, based on the above-mentioned intelligent in-pipe bottom-enlarged pile construction method, comprises: Chassis module, used to carry and move equipment; Support module, used to support and elevate the equipment hanging point; The ramming module includes a winch, a steel wire rope and a heavy hammer, wherein the steel wire rope is mounted on the equipment hanging point formed by the support module to lift and lower the heavy hammer; A material conveying module, used for conveying filling material into the pile hole; A detection module is used to detect the lifting force of the hammer when the wire rope is lifting the hammer, the hammer bottom elevation of the hammer, and the lifting displacement of the hammer; and The control module is used to control the operation of the tamping module and the feeding module according to the detection data of the detection module, and / or to allow an operator to manually control the operation of the tamping module and the feeding module.

[0016] Furthermore, it also includes: A data storage module, used for storing construction data and detection data and control data of the detection module and the control module; The communication module is used to upload the data stored in the data storage module to the remote monitoring platform.

[0017] Furthermore, the detection module includes a pressure sensor for detecting the pulling force of the hammer when the steel wire rope lifts the heavy hammer, and a meter for detecting the travel amount of the steel wire rope; The zero-point tension of the lifting hammer is set according to the deadweight of the heavy hammer. Only when the detection value of the pressure sensor is greater than or equal to the zero-point tension of the lifting hammer and is maintained for a set time, and it is determined that the wire rope is in a taut state, the detection data of the meter meter will take effect.

[0018] In summary, the beneficial technical effects of this application are: 1. During the heavy hammer tamping process, the lifting force of the hammer is monitored in real time, and its value change is compared with the deadweight of the heavy hammer. Based on the different characteristics of the lifting force change of the heavy hammer in the pile bottom suction hammer state and the pipe wall clamping hammer state, the suction hammer / clamping hammer state of the heavy hammer is specifically distinguished and determined as the pile bottom suction hammer state and the pipe wall clamping hammer state. According to the different suction hammer / clamping hammer states, the corresponding single or combined treatment scheme is selected from the three treatment schemes of increasing the amount of filling material for the next time, reducing the height of the heavy hammer lifting hammer, and replacing the large-size filling material, which can effectively improve the clamping hammer situation during the heavy hammer tamping process; 2. By detecting the upward displacement of the heavy hammer from the time when the hammer is lifted to the time when the lifting force is just equal to the deadweight of the heavy hammer, it can be used to characterize the degree to which the heavy hammer is attracted / clamped. The greater the upward displacement, the greater the severity of the attraction / clamping of the heavy hammer. In view of the pile bottom attraction hammer state, a first threshold is set, and the treatment method of increasing the amount of filling material for the next time is preferentially adopted, and then the treatment method of reducing the height of the heavy hammer is adopted according to the situation, so as to ensure that while improving the situation of the heavy hammer clamping, the impact on the construction efficiency is minimized as much as possible. At the same time, in view of the pipe wall clamping hammer state, the upward displacement can also be used to represent the thickness of the pipe wall clamping hammer layer, and can also be used to determine whether the heavy hammer is attracted / clamped. It can be used together with the lifting hammer pulling force as a determination parameter for determining the heavy hammer attraction / clamping hammer state, and can also be used as a re-inspection parameter to re-inspect the determination result of whether the heavy hammer is in the attraction / clamping hammer state determined by the lifting hammer pulling force. 3. By real-time monitoring of data such as the lifting hammer force, hammer bottom elevation, and lifting displacement, the key data in the heavy hammer tamping process can be quantified for automatic judgment by the computer without manual intervention, which is helpful to realize digital and intelligent construction and can greatly improve the standardized operation of pile foundations in pile group construction; at the same time, the working conditions corresponding to different trends of the lifting hammer force, different values ​​of the hammer bottom elevation, and different values ​​of the lifting displacement are clearly defined, providing a logical basis for the computer's automatic judgment and outputting corresponding disposal plans, so that the computer can automatically control the tamping hammer equipment to automatically construct according to the disposal plan, or the operator can manually operate the tamping hammer equipment or pile foundation construction equipment for construction, which is less dependent on the experience of the construction personnel and may even eliminate the need for construction personnel to be on duty; 4. When replacing large-size fillers, first lift the weight up to the bottom elevation of the weight just above the pipe wall hammer layer, then swing the weight to one side and stick to the wall to form a feeding space between the other opposite side of the weight and the inner wall of the protective wall, and then add coarse aggregate into the feeding space to ensure that the particle size of the coarse aggregate added is as large as possible; then control the weight to first drop and then rise back and forth several times in a small amplitude, so that the coarse aggregate can effectively scrape and break the pipe wall hammer layer adhered to the protective wall under the friction of the weight; and, by changing the position of the feeding space, the cylindrical pipe wall hammer layer can be cleaned more comprehensively, thereby effectively reducing the risk of hammer clamping in subsequent tamping. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the construction method of the embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 It is a logic diagram of the suction hammer / clamp hammer determination and disposal scheme determination in the embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal section structure of the embodiment of the present application in which coarse aggregate is placed for disposal when the pipe wall is in a hammer clamping state; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure flow of the embodiment of the present application for the treatment of the coarse aggregate; a is lifting the hammer to the wall, b is putting the coarse aggregate into the feeding space, c is lifting the hammer up and down to remove the local wall clamping hammer layer, and d is changing the position of the heavy hammer and repeating the treatment steps; Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the intelligent rammer device of an embodiment of the present application.

[0020] Description of reference numerals: 1. Protective wall body; 2. Heavy hammer; 3. Enlarge the head; 4. Hammer layer on pipe wall; 51. Material feeding space; 52. Coarse aggregate; 61. Chassis module; 62. Support module; 63. Ramming module; 64. Feeding module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The technical solution of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0022] The present application embodiment discloses an intelligent method for constructing a bottom-enlarged pile in a pipe. Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 , which comprises the following steps: S1. Drill a hole at the set pile position and lower the retaining wall 1 to the bearing layer, or directly press the retaining wall 1 down to the bearing layer to form a pile hole. Specifically, if a prefabricated pile is used, the retaining wall 1 is a prestressed pipe pile; if a cast-in-place pile is used, the retaining wall 1 is a steel casing; no matter what structure the retaining wall 1 adopts, the method of drilling a hole first and then lowering the pipe / pile, or lowering the pipe / pile with or without a bottom seal can be adopted.

[0023] If the post-hole forming method is adopted, during the actual construction, a bottom seal is first set at the bottom of the protective wall body 1 and pressed down to the bearing layer. After the filling material is placed, the bottom seal is broken by tamping with a heavy hammer 2. The bottom seal can be a steel plate welded on the end plate of the prefabricated pipe pile or a concrete pile tip embedded in the bottom of the prefabricated pipe pile; or, the bottom of the protective wall body 1 is not sealed and directly pressed down to the bearing layer, and then soil is taken from the hollow part of the protective wall body 1 to the bearing layer, and then the filling material is tamped.

[0024] S2. Add filler into the hollow part of the wall protection body 1, and lift the heavy hammer 2 to tamp it. Detect the lifting force of the heavy hammer 2, which is defined as F, and define the dead weight of the heavy hammer 2 as G.

[0025] S3. If the pulling force of the hammer after the heavy hammer 2 hits the filler is greater than the dead weight of the heavy hammer 2, it is determined that the heavy hammer 2 is clamped / absorbed, and one of the following methods, such as increasing the amount of filler next time, lowering the lifting height of the heavy hammer 2, and replacing the filler with larger particle size, or a combination of several methods, is adopted for disposal.

[0026] S4. Check whether the density of the enlarged head 3 formed by the tamping of the filler meets the construction standard. If the construction is qualified, proceed to the next step; otherwise, continue to put in the filler and tamp; and when checking the enlarged head 3, use one of the following methods: (i) Lift the heavy hammer 2 to the set hammer lifting height and tamp the filling material. If the sinking amount of the heavy hammer 2 per tamping does not increase after N consecutive tampings without filling the material, the enlarged head 3 is qualified, where N ≥ 3; (ii) Measure three-strike penetration.

[0027] S5. Pour concrete into the hollow part of the retaining wall 1 to construct the pile body; if the retaining wall 1 is a steel casing, the retaining wall 1 can be slowly pulled out while pouring concrete when constructing the pile body.

[0028] Based on a large amount of experience in pile foundation construction, and taking into account that the situations in which the heavy hammer 2 is clamped are different in different construction stages, in order to quickly deal with these clamping situations and reduce damage to the rammer equipment or pile foundation construction equipment, the handling methods adopted should also be different.

[0029] For example, in the initial stage of construction, the filling material rammed by the heavy hammer 2 is basically in the bearing layer of soil below the pile bottom. At this time, during the ramming process of the heavy hammer 2, due to the influence of groundwater pressure or the water content of the soil layer itself, the bottom end of the heavy hammer 2 enters into the soft soil at the bearing layer to form a pile bottom suction hammer. The suction hammer effect of this pile bottom suction hammer layer on the heavy hammer 2 is mainly the viscous adsorption force and vacuum adsorption force of the soft soil around the bottom end of the heavy hammer 2 on the heavy hammer 2. If it is not dealt with in time, the pulling force required to lift the heavy hammer 2 will become larger and larger, which will not only damage the rammer equipment, but also pose a serious safety hazard to the construction personnel once the wire rope breaks.

[0030] In the middle stage of construction, the construction of the enlarged head 3 under the pile body is basically nearing completion. At this time, the filling material rammed by the heavy hammer 2 is basically above the bottom of the pile, that is, inside the wall protection body 1, such as in the lower area of ​​the steel casing or prefabricated pipe pile; at this time, during the ramming process of the heavy hammer 2, since there must be a certain gap between the heavy hammer 2 and the wall protection body 1 to ensure the smoothness of the hammer, a part of the filling material rammed by the heavy hammer 2 will be squeezed into this gap, forming a hardened annular or cylindrical pipe wall clamping hammer layer 4. The clamping hammer effect of this pipe wall clamping hammer layer 4 on the heavy hammer 2 is mainly the pipe wall clamping hammer layer 4 and the heavy hammer If the friction and tightening effect between the two layers are not dealt with in time, as the filling-tamping process continues, more and more filling materials will enter the pipe wall clamping hammer layer 4, including some aggregates, stones, etc. mixed in the filling materials, which will further increase the hardening degree of the pipe wall clamping hammer layer 4 and reduce the inner diameter. In severe cases, it will be blocked at the bottom of the pile, and finally the heavy hammer 2 cannot be pulled out or hammered smoothly, or the tamping energy of the free fall of the heavy hammer 2 is weakened or the pile is directly exploded under the interference of the pipe wall clamping hammer layer 4, which will have a serious impact on the construction efficiency of the pile foundation. At present, the only way is to replace the large-tonnage crane to pull out the heavy hammer 2, or destroy the pile body after pulling out the pile to remove the heavy hammer 2, and this loss is immeasurable.

[0031] To this end, in view of the above-mentioned different construction situations, this application proposes two different disposal solutions for hammer clamping situations.

[0032] Specifically, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2In step S3, if the detected lifting force F first increases slowly and then decreases to the deadweight G of the heavy hammer 2 in a short time, it is determined that the heavy hammer 2 is in the bottom suction hammer state of the pile, and it is handled by increasing the amount of filling material for the next time and / or lowering the lifting height of the heavy hammer 2.

[0033] If the detected hammer lifting force F increases rapidly to a certain range value for a certain period of time and then decreases to the weight G of the hammer 2, it is determined that the hammer 2 is in the state of a pipe wall clamping hammer, and the method of replacing large-diameter fillers and / or reducing the height of the hammer 2 is adopted to deal with it. Among them, the certain range value is set to take into account that in the process of the hammer 2 passing through the pipe wall clamping hammer layer 4, the presence of aggregates or stones in the fillers will cause the hammer lifting force F to fluctuate. For example, when the aggregates or stones contact and scrape with the hammer 2, the hammer lifting force F will increase by a certain amount, and when these aggregates or stones roll and the contact surface with the hammer 2 is reduced, the hammer lifting force F will decrease by a certain amount. Therefore, the range span of the specific value of the certain range value can be set as ±1% of the weight G of the hammer 2, of course, it can also be other values. The higher the required judgment accuracy, the smaller the range span, and the above specific values ​​should not be regarded as limitations on this application. The certain time is set based on the consideration that the pipe wall clamping hammer layer 4 may be annular or cylindrical. In the process of the heavy hammer 2 passing through the pipe wall clamping hammer layer 4, the hammer lifting force F is basically maintained in a larger value range than the self-weight G of the heavy hammer 2 for a certain time. Considering the need for prior treatment to reduce the risk of hammer clamping, the certain time can be 1s, of course, it can also be other values. The higher the required judgment accuracy, the smaller the certain time, and the above values ​​should not be regarded as limitations on the present application.

[0034] Therefore, by distinguishing the different characteristics of the change in the hammer lifting force F of the heavy hammer 2 in the pile bottom suction hammer state and the pipe wall clamp hammer state, targeted treatment plans can be taken and timely intervention can be made, which can greatly reduce the probability of continued deterioration of the clamp hammer condition.

[0035] For example, when the weight 2 is in the pile bottom suction hammer state, in the process of lifting the weight 2, the soft soil at the bearing layer has a viscous adsorption force on the bottom of the weight 2, so that the lifting hammer pull F increases slowly as the weight 2 is slowly lifted, and when the lifting hammer pull F increases to a certain value, the viscous adsorption effect of the soft soil at the bearing layer on the bottom of the weight 2 is rapidly reduced, so that the weight 2 can be separated from the pile bottom suction hammer layer in a short time, so that the lifting hammer pull F is restored to the weight G of the weight 2, so it can be determined that the weight 2 has previously experienced the pile bottom suction hammer state. In order to avoid the influence of this pile bottom suction hammer on the subsequent tamping of the weight 2, the amount of filling material can be increased next time so that the filling material covers the pile bottom suction hammer layer as much as possible, inhibiting the adsorption effect of the pile bottom suction hammer layer on the weight 2; the lifting height of the weight 2 can also be reduced, the tamping energy of the weight 2 can be reduced, thereby reducing the depth of the weight 2 penetrating into the pile bottom suction hammer layer, and also reducing the viscous adsorption force of the pile bottom suction hammer layer on the weight 2; or both schemes can be adopted at the same time to improve the disposal efficiency.

[0036] For another example, when the weight 2 is in the pipe wall clamping hammer state, during the process of lifting the weight 2, the pipe wall clamping hammer layer 4 surrounds the gap between the weight 2 and the inner wall of the wall protection body 1, and its friction and wrapping force on the weight 2 hinder the weight 2 from being lifted, so that the hammer lifting pulling force F increases rapidly to a larger value after the weight 2 is lifted, and as the weight 2 continues to be lifted, the weight 2 always keeps in contact with the pipe wall clamping hammer layer 4, which makes the hammer lifting pulling force F be maintained within a certain range and for a certain time; and when the bottom of the weight 2 gradually passes through the pipe wall clamping hammer layer 4, the effective friction area and friction force between the two decrease, so that the hammer lifting pulling force F also decreases, until the bottom of the weight 2 completely passes through the pipe wall clamping hammer layer 4, and the hammer lifting pulling force F returns to the weight G of the weight 2 itself, so it can be determined that the weight 2 has previously experienced the pipe wall clamping hammer state. In order to avoid the influence of such pipe wall clamping hammer on the subsequent tamping of the heavy hammer 2, the large-size filler can be replaced so that the large-size filler pipe wall clamping hammer layer 4 can be scraped and broken or scraped off when the heavy hammer 2 tamps the large-size filler; the lifting height of the heavy hammer 2 can also be lowered, and the tamping energy of the heavy hammer 2 can be reduced to avoid the premature hardening of the pipe wall clamping hammer layer 4, so that part of the pipe wall clamping hammer layer 4 will fall off by itself during the subsequent tamping of the heavy hammer 2; or both schemes can be adopted at the same time to improve the disposal efficiency.

[0037] Thus, by real-time monitoring of the lifting force F during the tamping process of the heavy hammer 2 and comparing its numerical changes with the self-weight G of the heavy hammer 2, the possible hammer suction / hammer clamping of the heavy hammer 2 can be discovered in advance and handled in time; moreover, according to the change trend of the lifting force F compared with the self-weight G of the heavy hammer 2, the key data in the tamping process of the heavy hammer 2 is quantified, which can be used for automatic judgment by the computer without manual intervention, which is helpful to realize digital and intelligent construction, and can greatly improve the standardized operation of pile foundation in pile group construction; at the same time, the corresponding working conditions of the lifting force F under different change trends are clarified, which provides a logical basis for the automatic judgment of the computer and outputs the corresponding disposal plan, which is convenient for the computer to automatically control the pile foundation construction equipment to automatically construct according to the disposal plan, or for the operator to manually operate the pile foundation construction equipment for construction, which is less dependent on the experience of the construction personnel, and even does not require the construction personnel to be on duty. Moreover, combined with the applicant's prior big data-based pile construction method, the construction method of the intelligent pipe bottom expansion pile of this application can be more prominent in the degree of intelligence and the economic effect is more significant.

[0038] Further, see Figure 1 and Figure 2 In step S3, the hammer bottom elevation of the heavy hammer 2 is also detected. If the hammer bottom elevation before lifting the hammer is lower than the pile bottom elevation and the hammer lifting pulling force F first increases slowly and then decreases to the deadweight G of the heavy hammer 2 in a short time, the heavy hammer 2 is determined to be in the pile bottom suction hammer state; If the bottom elevation of the hammer before lifting the hammer is not lower than the bottom elevation of the pile and the pulling force F of the hammer increases rapidly to a certain range of values ​​for a certain period of time and then decreases to the deadweight G of the heavy hammer 2, it is determined that the heavy hammer 2 is in the state of a pipe wall clamped hammer.

[0039] The purpose of this setting is that, based on the above analysis of the causes of the pile bottom suction hammer state and the pipe wall clamp hammer state, it can be basically determined that the pile bottom suction hammer state only occurs in the process of the bottom end of the heavy hammer 2 tamping the filling material in the bearing layer below the pile bottom. At this time, the hammer bottom elevation before the heavy hammer 2 is lifted is bound to be lower than the pile bottom elevation; while the pipe wall clamp hammer state basically occurs in the process of the bottom end of the heavy hammer 2 tamping the filling material in the wall protection body 1. At this time, the hammer bottom elevation before the heavy hammer 2 is lifted is generally higher than or equal to the pile bottom elevation. After making this restriction, the judgment mechanism of the two suction hammer / clamp hammer states can be further clarified, and the accuracy of intelligent judgment can be improved.

[0040] Of course, in the actual construction process, due to various objective and subjective factors, the bottom elevation of the heavy hammer 2 may be lower than the bottom elevation of the pile, but the change trend of the hammer pulling force F conforms to the situation of the pipe wall clamping hammer state, or other possible situations other than the above two specific construction conditions. At this time, the construction personnel can manually control the pile foundation construction equipment to deal with it. Therefore, the above setting is only one of the optimal embodiments of the embodiments of this application, and does not represent a limitation of this application.

[0041] In addition, considering that the three disposal methods in the above step S3 include increasing the amount of filling material for the next time, lowering the lifting height of the heavy hammer 2, and replacing the large-size filling material, each has its own emphasis on the disposal direction of the heavy hammer 2 clamping hammer. However, in the specific construction, after lowering the lifting height of the heavy hammer 2, the tamping energy of the heavy hammer 2 is reduced, which will reduce the construction efficiency to a certain extent and affect the progress of the pile foundation construction; while the other two disposal methods have little impact on the construction progress.

[0042] To this end, in another possible embodiment, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In step S3, the upward displacement of the weight hammer 2 from the time when the weight hammer is lifted to the time when the weight hammer lifting force is just equal to the weight of the weight hammer 2 is also detected, that is, the upward displacement of the weight hammer 2 from the time when the weight hammer 2 is lifted to the time when the weight hammer 2 is out of the clamping hammer state. The upward displacement can be used to characterize the degree to which the weight hammer 2 is attracted / clamped by the hammer. The larger the upward displacement, the more serious the degree to which the weight hammer 2 is attracted / clamped by the hammer.

[0043] When it is determined that the heavy hammer 2 is in the state of a suction hammer at the bottom of the pile, if the upward displacement is not greater than the first threshold, first increase the amount of filling material for the next time and then tamp. If after treatment, the upward displacement of the heavy hammer 2 after not less than three consecutive tampings does not approach zero, then reduce the lifting height of the heavy hammer 2; wherein, the first threshold is a range value, which can be 10 to 50 cm, and its value is related to the dead weight of the heavy hammer 2. The greater the dead weight of the heavy hammer 2, the greater the specific value of the first threshold can be.

[0044] If the lifting displacement is greater than the first threshold, only the treatment method of lowering the lifting height of the heavy hammer 2 is adopted, or the treatment method of lowering the lifting height of the heavy hammer 2 and increasing the amount of filling material for the next time is adopted at the same time; Until it is determined that the heavy hammer 2 has not absorbed the hammer, restore the original heavy hammer 2 hammer lifting height and the amount of filling material added in a single time, and continue to feed and tamp.

[0045] When it is determined that the heavy hammer 2 is in the state of the pipe wall clamping hammer, since the bottom end of the heavy hammer 2 is in the wall protection body 1, its bottom end is basically flush with the bottom of the pipe wall clamping hammer layer 4, so the above-mentioned lifting displacement can be used to represent the thickness of the pipe wall clamping hammer layer 4. Therefore, the lifting displacement can also be used to determine whether the heavy hammer 2 is sucking hammers / clamping hammers. When the lifting displacement approaches zero, it means that the heavy hammer 2 does not have the phenomenon of sucking hammers / clamping hammers; when the lifting displacement is greater than a certain value of zero, it means that the heavy hammer 2 is in the state of sucking hammers / clamping hammers, which can be used together with the lifting hammer pulling force F as a determination parameter for determining the state of the heavy hammer 2 sucking hammers / clamping hammers, and can also be used as a re-examination parameter to re-examine the determination result of whether the heavy hammer 2 is in the state of sucking hammers / clamping hammers by the lifting hammer pulling force F. Thereby, the accuracy of the determination of the state of the heavy hammer 2 sucking hammers / clamping hammers in the intelligent in-pipe bottom expansion pile construction method of the present application can be significantly improved.

[0046] Therefore, when the heavy hammer 2 is in the pile bottom suction hammer state, through the setting of the first threshold, when the degree of the heavy hammer 2 suction hammer is relatively light, the treatment method of increasing the amount of filling material for the next time can be adopted to avoid affecting the construction progress; if after treatment, the degree of the heavy hammer 2 suction hammer is not significantly improved, the treatment method of lowering the lifting height of the heavy hammer 2 is adopted to ensure that while improving the heavy hammer 2 suction hammer situation, the impact on the construction efficiency is minimized as much as possible.

[0047] As for the disposal method of replacing large-size fillers, it needs to be specifically explained that the proportion of coarse aggregate 52 in the replaced large-size fillers is not less than 50%, the particle size of coarse aggregate 52 is larger than the difference in radius between the weight 2 and the inner wall of the protective wall body 1 and is less than or equal to the difference in diameter between the weight 2 and the inner wall of the protective wall body 1. The coarse aggregate 52 can be gravel, broken concrete blocks, steel slag, construction waste, etc.

[0048] And when placing coarse aggregate 52, refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 , including the following steps: S31. Lift the weight 2 until the bottom elevation of the weight just passes over the pipe wall clamping weight layer 4, specifically when the weight lifting force F is just equal to the weight of the weight 2, and swing the weight 2 to one side and stick to the wall so that a feeding space 51 is formed between the other opposite side of the weight 2 and the inner wall of the wall protection body 1, such as Figure 4 Then, coarse aggregate 52 is added to the feeding space 51 so that part of the coarse aggregate 52 remains on the upper end surface of the pipe wall clamping hammer layer 4, as shown in FIG. Figure 4 As shown in b.

[0049] S32. Control the weight 2 to reset to the center position in the wall protection body 1 or stay at the current eccentric position, and then rise and fall slightly for several times, so that the coarse aggregate 52 is driven by the friction of the weight 2 to scrape off the pipe wall clamping hammer layer 4 adhering to the inner wall of the wall protection body 1 from top to bottom, such as Figure 4 As shown in c; and if the weight 2 is raised and lowered slightly at an eccentric position, not only can the coarse aggregate 52 be used to scrape off the part of the pipe wall clamping hammer layer 4, but the bottom of the weight 2 itself can also scrape off the part of the other side of the pipe wall clamping hammer layer 4, so that a larger area of ​​the pipe wall clamping hammer layer 4 can be broken at one time. And when lifting the weight 2, it is necessary to avoid that the coarse aggregate 52 falls from the hollow part of the pipe wall clamping hammer layer 4 after the bottom of the weight 2 is lifted too high, thereby losing the effect of breaking the pipe wall clamping hammer layer 4; If the weight 2 does not significantly reduce the lifting force F during the small-amplitude lifting process, steps S31 to S32 can be repeated, and the weight 2 can be swung in other directions to change the position of the feeding space 51 on the cross section of the wall protection body 1. Figure 4 As shown in d in the figure, a more comprehensive breaking effect of the hammer layer 4 on the pipe wall is achieved.

[0050] Therefore, by raising the weight 2 above the pipe wall clamping hammer layer 4 and then swinging the weight 2 to the wall, the feeding space 51 can be as large as possible, and the coarse aggregate 52 to be fed can also be as large as possible, at least larger than the thickness of the cylindrical pipe wall clamping hammer layer 4, so that when the weight 2 descends, the coarse aggregate 52 can roll between the wall protection body 1 and the weight 2 to effectively scrape and break the pipe wall clamping hammer layer 4 adhered to the wall protection body 1. In addition, by changing the position of the feeding space 51, the cylindrical pipe wall clamping hammer layer 4 can be cleaned more comprehensively, thereby effectively reducing the risk of clamping hammers during subsequent tamping.

[0051] In addition, with the continuous development of automated and intelligent construction methods, the accuracy requirements for some key parameters in the construction process are becoming increasingly higher. For example, the hammer bottom elevation, lifting displacement, one-hit tamping amount, three-hit penetration, etc., all require data accurate to the centimeter and millimeter levels. Usually, these data are detected by judging the amount of wire rope travel. Therefore, in the actual detection process, whether the wire rope is in a taut state is a key factor in ensuring the accuracy of the test results.

[0052] To this end, in step S2, the zero-point tension of the lifting hammer is also set according to the deadweight of the heavy hammer 2. When the lifting hammer tension is greater than or equal to the zero-point tension of the lifting hammer and is maintained for the set time, it is determined that the wire rope used to lift the heavy hammer 2 is in a taut state, and the elevation and displacement of the heavy hammer 2 can be determined according to the travel amount of the wire rope. Among them, the zero-point tension of the lifting hammer can be set according to the deadweight of the heavy hammer 2, for example, set to 30% to 50% of the deadweight of the heavy hammer 2, and can also be set according to the wire rope used. In this way, the detection accuracy of the above data can be ensured each time, and the accuracy of the detection results can be improved.

[0053] The present application also discloses an intelligent rammer device for executing the above-mentioned intelligent in-pipe bottom expansion pile construction method, referring to Figure 2 and Figure 5 , which includes: The chassis module 61 is used to carry and move the equipment.

[0054] Support module 62, used to support and elevate the equipment hanging point, specifically it can be a column or a gantry; The ramming module 63 includes a winch, a wire rope and a weight 2. The wire rope is mounted on the equipment hanging point formed by the support module 62 to lift and lower the weight 2. When the wire rope is mounted, it can be changed and guided only by a fixed pulley, or it can be lifted by a pulley group to save effort.

[0055] The material conveying module 64 is used to convey the filling material into the pile hole, and generally includes a hopper and a belt conveyor.

[0056] The detection module is used to detect the lifting force of the heavy hammer 2 when the steel wire rope is lifting the heavy hammer 2, the hammer bottom elevation of the heavy hammer 2, and the lifting displacement of the heavy hammer 2.

[0057] The control module is used to control the operation of the tamping module 63 and the feeding module 64 according to the detection data of the detection module, specifically, to execute the control logic of the above-mentioned intelligent in-pipe expanded bottom pile construction method; and / or, to allow the operator to manually control the operation of the tamping module 63 and the feeding module 64.

[0058] The data storage module is used to store construction data and detection data and control data of the detection module and control module, wherein the construction data includes but is not limited to the standard amount of single automatic filling, the height of the hammer, the total number of heavy hammer tamping when the filling material is compacted to meet the standard, the number of fillings, the total amount of fillings, the construction time, etc.; the detection data includes but is not limited to the deadweight of the heavy hammer, the pulling force of the hammer, the elevation of the hammer bottom, the elevation of the pile bottom, the lifting displacement, the amount of tamping in one blow, the penetration of three blows, etc.; the control data includes but is not limited to the control data generated when executing the construction method of the intelligent in-pipe expanded pile. And The communication module is used to upload the data stored in the data storage module to the remote monitoring platform.

[0059] The detection module includes a pressure sensor for detecting the lifting force F of the hammer 2 when the wire rope lifts the hammer 2, and a meter for detecting the travel amount of the wire rope; Moreover, the zero-point tension of the lifting hammer is set according to the deadweight of the heavy hammer 2. Only when the detection value of the pressure sensor is greater than or equal to the zero-point tension of the lifting hammer and maintained for the set time (for example, 300 milliseconds), it is determined that the wire rope is in a taut state, and the detection data of the meter will take effect.

[0060] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in this application should be understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which this application belongs. The words "first", "second", "third" and similar words used in the specification and claims of this application do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. "One" or "one" and similar words do not indicate a quantitative limit, but indicate that there is at least one. "Include" or "comprise" and similar words mean that the elements or objects appearing before "include" or "comprise" include the elements or objects listed after "include" or "comprise" and their equivalents, and do not exclude other elements or objects. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0061] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Therefore, any equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An intelligent construction method for enlarged bottom piles in pipes, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Drilling a hole at the set pile position and lowering the retaining wall body to the bearing layer, or directly pressing the retaining wall body down to the bearing layer to form a pile hole; S2. Place filler material into the hollow portion of the wall protection body, and lift the heavy hammer to tamp, and detect the lifting force of the heavy hammer; S3. If the lifting force of the hammer after the heavy hammer hits the filler is greater than the weight of the heavy hammer, it is determined that the heavy hammer is clamped or sucked, and one or a combination of methods such as increasing the amount of filler for the next time, reducing the height of the heavy hammer, and replacing the filler with a larger particle size is adopted for treatment; S4. Check whether the density of the enlarged head formed by the tamping of the filler meets the construction standard. If the construction is qualified, proceed to the next step; otherwise, continue to add the filler and tamp; S5. Pour concrete into the hollow part of the retaining wall to construct the pile body.

2. The construction method of an intelligent in-pipe expanded bottom pile according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, if the lifting force of the hammer increases slowly at first and then decreases to the deadweight of the hammer in a short time, the hammer is judged to be in the bottom suction hammer state, and the hammer is handled by increasing the amount of filling material for the next time and / or reducing the lifting height of the hammer; If the pulling force of the hammer increases rapidly to a certain range of values ​​after a certain period of time and then decreases to the weight of the hammer, it is determined that the hammer is in a state of being clamped by the pipe wall, and it is handled by replacing large-diameter fillers and / or lowering the height of the hammer.

3. The construction method of an intelligent in-pipe expanded bottom pile according to claim 2 is characterized in that: In the step S3, the hammer bottom elevation of the heavy hammer is also detected. If the hammer bottom elevation is lower than the pile bottom elevation before the hammer is lifted and the pulling force of the hammer is first slowly increased and then reduced to the deadweight of the heavy hammer in a short time, the heavy hammer is determined to be in the pile bottom suction hammer state; If the bottom elevation of the hammer before lifting the hammer is not lower than the bottom elevation of the pile and the pulling force of the hammer increases rapidly to a certain range of values ​​after a certain period of time and then decreases to the weight of the hammer, the hammer is determined to be in a state of being clamped by the pipe wall.

4. The construction method of an intelligent in-pipe expanded bottom pile according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the step S3, the upward displacement of the heavy hammer is detected from the time when the heavy hammer is lifted to the time when the pulling force of the heavy hammer is just equal to the deadweight of the heavy hammer; When the heavy hammer is determined to be in the state of suction hammer at the bottom of the pile, if the lifting displacement is not greater than the first threshold, first increase the amount of filling material for the next time and then tamp, if the lifting displacement of the heavy hammer after not less than three consecutive tampings does not approach zero, then reduce the lifting height of the heavy hammer; If the lifting displacement is greater than the first threshold, only the method of lowering the weight hammer height is adopted, or the method of lowering the weight hammer height and increasing the amount of filling material for the next time is adopted at the same time; Until it is determined that the heavy hammer has not absorbed the hammer, restore the original heavy hammer lifting height and the amount of filling material added in a single time, and continue to add material and tamp.

5. The construction method of an intelligent in-pipe expanded bottom pile according to claim 3 is characterized in that: In step S3, the proportion of coarse aggregate in the replaced large-size filler is not less than 50%, and the particle size of the coarse aggregate is greater than the difference in radius between the weight and the inner wall of the protective wall body and is less than or equal to the difference in diameter between the weight and the inner wall of the protective wall body.

6. The construction method of an intelligent in-pipe expanded bottom pile according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the step S3, when the coarse aggregate is added, the following steps are included: S31. Lift the weight until the bottom elevation of the weight just exceeds the pipe wall clamping weight layer, and swing the weight to one side so that a feeding space is formed between the other opposite side of the weight and the inner wall of the wall protection body, and then add coarse aggregate into the feeding space; S32. Control the heavy hammer to go down and up and down in a small range for several times, so that the coarse aggregate can be scraped off the hammer layer of the pipe wall adhering to the inner wall of the protective wall by the friction of the heavy hammer.

7. The construction method of an intelligent in-pipe expanded bottom pile according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the step S2, the zero-point tension of the lifting hammer is set according to the deadweight of the weight. When the lifting hammer tension is greater than or equal to the zero-point tension of the lifting hammer and is maintained for a set time, it is determined that the wire rope used to lift the weight is in a taut state. Only then can the elevation and displacement of the weight be determined according to the travel amount of the wire rope.

8. The construction method of an intelligent in-pipe expanded bottom pile according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S1, if prefabricated piles are used, the wall protection body is a prestressed pipe pile; if cast-in-place piles are used, the wall protection body is a steel casing; When driving piles, a bottom seal is set at the bottom of the retaining wall and pressed down to the bearing layer. After the filling material is placed, the bottom seal is broken by tamping with a heavy hammer; alternatively, the bottom of the retaining wall is not sealed and directly pressed down to the bearing layer, and then soil is taken from the hollow part of the retaining wall to the bearing layer, and then the filling material is tamped.

9. The construction method of an intelligent in-pipe expanded bottom pile according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the enlarged head is inspected by one of the following methods: (i) The heavy hammer is lifted to the set lifting height and tamped the filling material. If the amount of sinking of the heavy hammer does not increase after N consecutive tamping without filling material, the enlarged head construction is qualified, where N ≥ 3; (ii) Measure three-strike penetration.

10. An intelligent rammer device, used to implement the intelligent in-tube bottom-enlarged pile construction method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: include: Chassis module, used to carry and move equipment; Support module, used to support and elevate the equipment hanging point; The ramming module includes a winch, a steel wire rope and a heavy hammer, wherein the steel wire rope is mounted on the equipment hanging point formed by the support module to lift and lower the heavy hammer; A material conveying module, used for conveying filling material into the pile hole; The detection module is used to detect the lifting force of the hammer when the wire rope lifts the hammer, as well as the hammer bottom elevation and the upward displacement of the hammer; as well as The control module is used to control the operation of the tamping module and the feeding module according to the detection data of the detection module, and / or to allow an operator to manually control the operation of the tamping module and the feeding module.

11. The intelligent rammer device according to claim 10, characterized in that: Also includes: A data storage module, used for storing construction data and detection data and control data of the detection module and the control module; The communication module is used to upload the data stored in the data storage module to the remote monitoring platform.

12. The intelligent rammer device according to claim 10, characterized in that: The detection module includes a pressure sensor for detecting the pulling force of the hammer when the steel wire rope lifts the heavy hammer, and a meter for detecting the travel amount of the steel wire rope; The zero-point tension of the lifting hammer is set according to the deadweight of the heavy hammer. Only when the detection value of the pressure sensor is greater than or equal to the zero-point tension of the lifting hammer and is maintained for a set time, and it is determined that the wire rope is in a taut state, the detection data of the meter meter will take effect.

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