A drilling rig and method for blasting drilling

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of drilling equipment, and particularly relates to a drill and method for blasting drilling. The drill for blasting drilling includes: a rear joint; a connecting sleeve detachably connected to the lower side of the rear joint, and a movable sleeve is slidably connected to the connecting sleeve; a front joint detachably connected to the lower side of the connecting sleeve, and a drill bit is slidably connected to the front joint with a limit; an inner sleeve detachably connected to the inside of the movable sleeve, a piston is slidably connected inside the inner sleeve, and the connecting sleeve is provided with two symmetrically distributed squeezing wheels, and both of the two squeezing wheels are located inside the inner sleeve. By increasing the squeezing force of the two squeezing wheels on the piston, the present invention improves the pressure of the gas between the inner sleeve and the piston, that is, increases the speed of the piston moving downward after overcoming the squeezing force of the two squeezing wheels, enhances the impact force of the drill bit on the rock formation, and thus improves the drilling efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of drilling equipment, and particularly relates to a drill and method for blasting drilling. Background Art

[0002] During the mining operation, the holes drilled in advance for controlled blasting form blasting holes. DTH drill tools are widely used in the drilling process of blasting holes due to their high efficiency, accuracy, and strong adaptability. DTH drill tools use the method of impact crushing of rocks. With the help of a gas compressor, compressed gas is transported into the drill pipe, and the high-pressure gas drives the piston. The piston directly impacts the drill bit, transferring kinetic energy to the drill bit, causing it to generate high-frequency impact force, thereby crushing the rocks. In addition to impact, the rotary device at the top of the drill also drives the drill bit to rotate synchronously during the process of impacting the rock formation, making the drilling speed faster and more efficient, and discharging the crushed stones and rock chips generated during the drilling process through high-pressure gas to keep the inside of the drill hole clean.

[0003] During the drilling process of the existing DTH drill tools, the pressure of the gas transported by the gas compressor into the drill pipe is relatively stable, so that the impact force of the drill bit on the rock formation each time is also relatively stable. When drilling into a rock formation with higher hardness, the drill bit cannot effectively crush the rock formation, resulting in a decrease in the single - time movement distance of the drill bit compared to softer areas, and thus a decrease in the drilling speed and efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the above - mentioned drawbacks of the existing DTH drill tools during the drilling process, the present invention provides a drill and method for blasting drilling.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A drill for blasting drilling, comprising:

[0007] A rear joint, on the upper side of which a gas guide pipe is provided, and the gas guide pipe is externally connected to an external gas supply device;

[0008] A connecting sleeve, detachably connected to the lower side of the rear joint, a moving sleeve is slidably connected to the connecting sleeve, and a first elastic member is provided between the connecting sleeve and the moving sleeve;

[0009] A front joint, detachably connected to the lower side of the connecting sleeve, a drill bit is slidably connected to the front joint with a limit;

[0010] An inner sleeve, detachably connected to the inside of the moving sleeve, a piston is slidably connected to the inner sleeve, the piston is used to impact the drill bit, and both the piston and the drill bit are provided with through - holes for exhausting gas;

[0011] The extrusion wheels, two of which are symmetrically distributed, are both arranged on the connecting sleeve. Both of the extrusion wheels are in contact with the piston, and the two extrusion wheels are used to extrude the piston to increase the resistance of the piston to move downward. A connecting component is jointly arranged between the connecting sleeve and the two extrusion wheels, and the connecting component is used to change the extrusion force of the two extrusion wheels on the piston.

[0012] Preferably, a symmetrically distributed rectangular surface is arranged in the middle of the piston, and a groove is arranged on the rectangular surface of the piston to increase the contact area between the extrusion wheel and the piston.

[0013] Preferably, the connecting component includes:

[0014] The spring telescopic rods, two of which are symmetrically distributed, are both slidably connected to the connecting sleeve. The telescopic ends of the spring telescopic rods pass through the inner sleeve and are slidably connected thereto. The telescopic ends of the spring telescopic rods are rotatably connected to the adjacent extrusion wheels, and a second elastic member is fixedly connected between the fixed parts of the spring telescopic rods and the connecting sleeve;

[0015] The connecting rods, two of which are symmetrically distributed, are both fixedly connected to the connecting sleeve, and the connecting rods are slidably connected to the moving sleeve;

[0016] The extrusion plates, two of which are symmetrically distributed, are respectively fixedly connected to the lower ends of the adjacent connecting rods, and the extrusion plates are used to extrude the fixed parts of the adjacent spring telescopic rods.

[0017] Preferably, the extrusion plate is composed of two upper and lower vertical parts and an inclined part, and the included angle between the inclined part of the extrusion plate and the vertical plane is an acute angle.

[0018] Preferably, it further includes:

[0019] The intercepting plates, two of which are symmetrically distributed, are respectively fixedly connected to the adjacent extrusion plates, and the intercepting plates are used to limit the adjacent spring telescopic rods.

[0020] Preferably, it further includes:

[0021] The moving rod is fixedly connected to the upper side of the moving sleeve, and the moving rod is located inside the connecting sleeve;

[0022] The moving ring is fixedly connected to the upper end of the moving rod, the moving ring is slidably connected to the connecting sleeve, and the first elastic member is fixedly connected to both the moving ring and the connecting sleeve;

[0023] There are several fixed tubes, which are all fixedly connected to the moving ring in a penetrating manner. A baffle is rotatably connected to the lower side of the fixed tube, a third elastic member is fixedly connected between the baffle and the fixed tube, a through hole is arranged on the baffle, and the diameter of the through hole on the baffle is smaller than the inner diameter of the fixed tube.

[0024] Preferably, it further includes:

[0025] A movable pipe, which is slidably connected to the air duct, and the movable pipe is detachably connected to the rear joint;

[0026] A connecting ring, which is fixedly connected to the upper end of the movable pipe, and the connecting ring is located inside the air duct;

[0027] A plurality of limiting balls, which are circumferentially distributed, are all slidably connected to the connecting ring in a limiting manner, and the air duct is provided with an arc-shaped groove for squeezing the limiting balls;

[0028] A pressing ring, which is slidably connected to the movable pipe, the pressing ring is located between the movable pipe and the connecting ring, and the pressing ring is used for squeezing the limiting balls;

[0029] A fourth elastic member, which is fixedly connected between the connecting ring and the air duct.

[0030] Preferably, it further includes:

[0031] An unlocking rod, which is fixedly connected to the lower side of the pressing ring, and the unlocking rod is slidably connected to both the movable pipe and the connecting sleeve;

[0032] A gland, which is detachably connected to the movable sleeve, and a fixing frame is detachably connected to the upper side of the gland, and the fixing frame is used for squeezing the unlocking rod.

[0033] Preferably, it further includes:

[0034] A sealing shell, which is detachably connected to the rear joint, and the sealing shell is slidably connected to the air duct in a limiting manner.

[0035] A blasting drilling construction method, a drilling rig for blasting drilling based on the above technical solution, includes the following steps:

[0036] S1: Use an existing driving device to synchronously move the rear joint and other parts connected thereto to the position where the blasting hole needs to be drilled;

[0037] S2: Start the driving device, and drive the drill bit to move downward through the air duct by the driving device, and at the same time drive the drill bit to rotate; start an external air supply device, and convey high-pressure gas to the movable sleeve and the connecting sleeve through the air duct by the external air supply device, and drive the piston to move up and down by the high-pressure gas;

[0038] S3: When the piston moves downward, it impacts the drill bit, causing the drill bit to impact the rock for drilling operation. After the piston moves downward, the high-pressure gas drives the piston to reset upward and blows out the rock debris from the hole;

[0039] S4: During the drilling process, when drilling into the hard rock formation area, change the position of the fixed part of the spring telescopic rod to increase the air pressure between the piston and the inner sleeve;

[0040] S5: When the resistance on the drill bit continues to increase, the moving pipe drives the drill bit to move upward and separate from the rock formation, and the drill bit is removed from the borehole through the driving device. Then, re-survey the geological conditions of the borehole and re-select a suitable drill bit to continue the drilling operation;

[0041] S6: After the drilling is completed, remove the drill bit from the borehole and maintain the drill bit for subsequent use.

[0042] Advantageous technical effects of the present invention:

[0043] By increasing the extrusion force of the two extrusion wheels on the piston, the pressure of the gas between the inner sleeve and the piston is increased, that is, the speed of the piston moving downward after overcoming the extrusion force of the two extrusion wheels is increased, the striking force of the drill bit on the rock formation is enhanced, and thus the drilling efficiency is improved.

[0044] By changing the position of the fixed part of the spring telescopic rod, the extrusion force of the extrusion wheel on the adjacent piston is increased, and the speed of the piston moving downward after overcoming the resistance is increased.

[0045] By jointly limiting the spring telescopic rod by the intercepting plate and the adjacent extrusion plate, the spring telescopic rod cannot move left and right, avoiding the repeated movement of the spring telescopic rod caused by vibration during the normal use of the device, thereby prolonging the service life of the spring telescopic rod and the second elastic member.

[0046] When the reaction force on the drill bit continues to increase, the moving pipe drives the rear joint and the synchronous connection thereon to move upward together, so that the drill bit loses contact with the drilling surface, avoiding the situation that the air duct is bent due to the radial extrusion force. Description of the Drawings

[0047] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 2 is a three-dimensional structural sectional view of the connecting sleeve and the moving sleeve of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 3 is a three-dimensional structural sectional view of the front joint of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 4 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the extrusion wheel and the spring telescopic rod of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 5 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the extrusion plate and the intercepting plate of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 6Schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of the moving rod and the moving ring of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 7 Schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of the moving ring and the fixed tube of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 8 Schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of the baffle plate and the third elastic member of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 9 Schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of the gland and the fixing bracket of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 10 Schematic cross-sectional view of the three-dimensional structure of the air guide tube of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 11 Schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of the positional relationship between the connecting ring and the extrusion ring of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 12 Schematic cross-sectional view of the three-dimensional structure of the connecting ring of the present invention.

[0059] Explanation of reference numerals: 1. Rear joint, 101. Air guide tube, 2. Connecting sleeve, 201. First elastic member, 3. Moving sleeve, 4. Front joint, 5. Drill bit, 6. Inner sleeve, 7. Piston, 8. Extrusion wheel, 9. Spring telescopic rod, 10. Second elastic member, 11. Connecting rod, 12. Extrusion plate, 13. Intercepting plate, 14. Moving rod, 15. Moving ring, 16. Fixed tube, 17. Baffle plate, 18. Third elastic member, 19. Moving tube, 20. Connecting ring, 21. Limit ball, 22. Extrusion ring, 23. Fourth elastic member, 24. Unlocking rod, 241. Gland, 25. Fixing bracket, 26. Sealing shell, 100. Guide sleeve, 200. Snap ring, 300. Air distribution seat, 400. Check valve. Detailed implementation manners

[0060] To make the objectives, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention clearer and more understandable, the following further elaborates on the present invention in detail with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings. Some but not all of the embodiments of the present invention will be described more comprehensively with reference to the attached drawings later. In fact, various embodiments of the present invention can be implemented in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments described herein; on the contrary, these embodiments are provided to make the present invention meet the applicable legal requirements.

[0061] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "inner", "outer", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0062] Embodiment 1: A drill for blasting drilling, as Figures 1 - 5 shown, includes a rear joint 1. An air duct 101 is arranged on the upper side of the rear joint 1, and the air duct 101 is externally connected to an external air supply device; a connecting sleeve 2 is detachably connected to the lower side of the rear joint 1. A moving sleeve 3 is slidably connected to the connecting sleeve 2, and a first elastic member 201 is arranged between the connecting sleeve 2 and the moving sleeve 3; a front joint 4 is detachably connected to the lower side of the connecting sleeve 2. A drill bit 5 is slidably connected to the front joint 4 with a limit; an inner sleeve 6 is detachably connected to the inside of the moving sleeve 3. A piston 7 is slidably connected inside the inner sleeve 6. The piston 7 is used to impact the drill bit 5, and the piston 7 is provided with a through hole for exhausting air; there are two symmetrically distributed pressing wheels 8, both of which are arranged on the connecting sleeve 2. Both of the two pressing wheels 8 are in contact with the piston 7. The two pressing wheels 8 are used to press the piston 7 to increase the resistance of the piston 7 to move downward. A connecting assembly is jointly arranged between the connecting sleeve 2 and the two pressing wheels 8, and the connecting assembly is used to change the pressing force of the two pressing wheels 8 on the piston 7.

[0063] In the above solution, the first elastic member 201 is a spring, and the first elastic member 201 is in a compressed state initially (but not compressed to the limit); a guide sleeve 100 and a snap ring 200 are arranged at the lower part of the moving sleeve 3, where the snap ring 200 is sleeved on the drill bit 5. The guide sleeve 100 is located between the front joint 4 and the inner sleeve 6, and the guide sleeve 100 is detachably connected to the moving sleeve 3. A gas distribution seat 300 and a check valve 400 are installed at the upper part of the moving sleeve 3, and the check valve 400 is installed on the gas distribution seat 300; initially, the drill bit 5 slides downward along the front joint 4 to the limit position under the action of its own gravity; through holes are circumferentially and uniformly distributed at the lower part of the inner sleeve 6, and the outer diameter of the upper part of the inner sleeve 6 is smaller than the inner diameter of the moving sleeve 3, and the outer diameter of the lower part of the inner sleeve 6 is equal to the inner diameter of the moving sleeve 3, that is, the lower end of the inner sleeve 6 is in sealed sliding connection with the moving sleeve 3; there are gaps between the inner sleeve 6 and the moving sleeve 3 and the piston 7; initially, the inner sleeve 6 blocks the through hole on the piston 7. The two pressing wheels 8 are symmetrically distributed left and right, and both of the two pressing wheels 8 are in contact with the piston 7.

[0064] As Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown in the figure, a symmetrically distributed rectangular surface is provided in the middle of the piston 7, and a groove is provided on the rectangular surface of the piston 7 to increase the contact area between the extrusion wheel 8 and the piston 7.

[0065] In the above solution, initially, the rectangular surfaces on the piston 7 are symmetrically distributed left and right, and the arc grooves on the rectangular surface of the piston 7 are respectively located at the lower parts of the adjacent rectangular surfaces on the piston 7. Initially, the two extrusion wheels 8 are respectively located in the adjacent arc grooves on the piston 7, and the two extrusion wheels 8 jointly limit the piston 7, so that the piston 7 cannot move downward under its own gravity.

[0066] In this embodiment, the rear joint 1 is detachably connected to the air duct 101, and both the connecting sleeve 2 and the moving sleeve 3 are fixedly connected to the first elastic member 201.

[0067] The specific working process of the above solution is as follows:

[0068] When the device needs to be used to drill a blasting hole, the staff installs the device on the existing driving device. Subsequently, after the staff moves the device to the designated position through the existing driving device, the staff starts the driving device. The driving device drives the air duct 101 to rotate, and then the air duct 101 drives the rear joint 1 and other parts connected thereto to rotate synchronously. At the same time, the driving device drives the air duct 101 to move downward, and then the air duct 101 drives the rear joint 1 and other parts connected thereto to move downward synchronously. After the drill bit 5 contacts the ground, the drill bit 5 no longer moves downward. At this time, the air duct 101 drives the front joint 4 to continue moving downward.

[0069] During the process of the above front joint 4 continuing to move downward, the distance between the front joint 4 and the drill bit 5 continuously decreases. After the front joint 4 moves downward to the limit position (that is, after the lower side of the front joint 4 contacts the drill bit 5), the staff starts the external air supply device. The external air supply device conveys high-pressure gas into the connecting sleeve 2 and the moving sleeve 3 through the air duct 101 and the rear joint 1, and the high-pressure gas conveyed into the connecting sleeve 2 squeezes the check valve 400 in the moving sleeve 3, so that the high-pressure gas in the moving sleeve 3 passes through the check valve 400 and the air distribution seat 300, and continues to move downward along the gap between the moving sleeve 3 and the inner sleeve 6. After the high-pressure gas passes through the through hole at the lower part of the inner sleeve 6, it moves upward along the gap between the inner sleeve 6 and the piston 7, and accumulates between the upper side of the piston 7 and the inner sleeve 6, so that the air pressure between the piston 7 and the inner sleeve 6 gradually increases. When the air pressure between the piston 7 and the inner sleeve 6 reaches the specified value, the piston 7 quickly moves downward under the action of the high-pressure gas, and then the piston 7 collides with the drill bit 5, and the drill bit 5 transmits the impact force from the piston 7 to the ground to impact and break the ground.

[0070] During the downward movement of the piston 7, the piston 7 squeezes the two extrusion wheels 8, so that the two extrusion wheels 8 move away from each other and gradually lose contact with the adjacent arc grooves on the piston 7. When the extrusion wheels 8 lose contact with the arc grooves on the piston 7, the extrusion wheels 8 contact the rectangular surface of the piston 7, and the extrusion wheels 8 are driven to rotate by the piston 7 during the downward movement (the friction between the extrusion wheels 8 and the piston 7 is rolling friction, which is negligible). When the piston 7 moves downward to the point where the inner sleeve 6 no longer blocks the through hole thereon, the high-pressure gas stored between the upper side of the piston 7 and the inner sleeve 6 flows to the external environment through the through hole on the piston 7, the guide sleeve 100 and the through hole on the drill bit 5, and blows the stone chips crushed by the drill bit 5 upward, that is, discharges the stone chips out of the drill hole.

[0071] When the piston 7 moves downward to the extreme position, the piston 7 contacts the guide sleeve 100. At this time, the high-pressure gas moves downward along the gap between the inner sleeve 6 and the piston 7, gathers between the sleeve 6, the piston 7 and the guide sleeve 100, and causes the lower side of the piston 7 to move upward due to the compression of the gas, so that the inner sleeve 6 re-blocks the through hole on the piston 7. Subsequently, the gas gathered between the piston 7 and the movable sleeve 3 flows through the guide sleeve 100 and the through hole on the drill bit 5 to the external environment, and continues to blow the stone chips. At this time, the single drilling operation is completed. After the blasting hole of the specified depth is drilled out using the device, the staff removes the device from the drilled blasting hole through the driving device and maintains the device for subsequent use.

[0072] In the process of drilling the blasting hole, when the drill bit 5 drills into a rock layer with a higher hardness (such as granite), the depth of a single drilling will decrease, that is, the distance that the drill bit 5 moves downward in a single time will decrease, resulting in a decrease in the overall drilling efficiency. At this time, the speed at which the driving device drives the air guide tube 101 to move downward remains unchanged, and at the same time, the reverse force of the ground on the drill bit 5 increases synchronously, so that the resistance of the connecting sleeve 2 to the drill bit 5 in the process of driving the drill bit 5 to move downward increases synchronously. When the resistance of the rock layer to the drill bit 5 is greater than the elastic force required for the first elastic member 201 to be compressed, the drill bit 5 drives the movable sleeve 3 to move relative to the connecting sleeve 2. The piston 7 moves upward and compresses the first elastic member 201 to store force, and then the connecting assembly works, and the connecting assembly increases the squeezing force of the two squeezing wheels 8 on the piston 7, and increases the resistance of the piston 7 to the downward movement, thereby increasing the pressure of the gas between the inner casing 6 and the piston 7 when the piston 7 moves downward (holding pressure), that is, increasing the speed of the piston 7 moving downward after overcoming the squeezing force of the two squeezing wheels 8, and enhancing the impact force of the drill bit 5 on the rock formation, thereby improving the drilling efficiency. After passing through a rock formation with higher hardness, the squeezing force of the squeezing wheels 8 on the piston 7 is restored to the initial value by the connecting assembly, so that the piston 7 moves normally.

[0073] like Figures 2 - 6As shown in the figure, the connecting component includes: two spring telescopic rods 9 which are symmetrically distributed, both are slidably connected to the connecting sleeve 2. The telescopic ends of the spring telescopic rods 9 pass through the inner sleeve 6 and are slidably connected thereto. The telescopic ends of the spring telescopic rods 9 are rotatably connected to the adjacent pressing wheels 8. A second elastic member 10 is fixedly connected between the fixed part of the spring telescopic rod 9 and the connecting sleeve 2; two connecting rods 11 which are symmetrically distributed, both are fixedly connected to the connecting sleeve 2, and the connecting rods 11 are slidably connected to the moving sleeve 3; two pressing plates 12 which are symmetrically distributed, are respectively fixedly connected to the lower ends of the adjacent connecting rods 11, and the pressing plates 12 are used to press one side of the fixed part of the adjacent spring telescopic rod 9 where the second elastic member 10 is not fixedly connected.

[0074] In the above solution, the two spring telescopic rods 9 are symmetrically distributed left and right; the second elastic member 10 is a spring, and the specific number of the second elastic members 10 can be specifically selected by the staff; inclined surfaces are provided on the opposite sides of the two pressing plates 12, and the inclination angles of the inclined surfaces on the two pressing plates 12 are both less than 45°.

[0075] As Figure 5 shown in the figure, the pressing plate 12 is composed of two upper and lower vertical parts and an inclined part, and the included angle between the inclined part of the pressing plate 12 and the vertical plane is an acute angle.

[0076] In the above solution, initially, the fixed part of the spring telescopic rod 9 contacts the lower vertical part of the adjacent pressing plate 12.

[0077] The specific working process of the above solution is as follows:

[0078] During the process of the moving sleeve 3 moving upward relative to the connecting sleeve 2, the moving sleeve 3 drives the two spring telescopic rods 9 to move upward synchronously relative to the adjacent pressing plates 12 respectively. The moving process of the right spring telescopic rod 9 is described as an example below:

[0079] During the process of the spring telescopic rod 9 moving upward relative to the pressing plate 12, when the spring telescopic rod 9 contacts the inclined surface of the pressing plate 12, during the process of the spring telescopic rod 9 continuing to move upward, the fixed part of the spring telescopic rod 9 is pushed to move leftward by the pressing force of the inclined surface of the pressing plate 12, and the second elastic member 10 is compressed to store energy. At the same time, the telescopic end of the spring telescopic rod 9 gradually retracts into its fixed part, increasing the pressing force of the spring telescopic rod 9 on the pressing wheel 8 and increasing the resistance of the piston 7 when moving downward.

[0080] After the above-mentioned drill bit 5 passes through the rock formation with a relatively high hardness, the first elastic member 201 drives the moving sleeve 3 to gradually reset relative to the connecting sleeve 2, so that the pressing plate 12 and the spring telescopic rod 9 gradually lose contact. At this time, the second elastic member 10 drives the spring telescopic rod 9 to gradually reset to the right. When the first elastic member 201 returns to the uncompressed state, the moving sleeve 3 resets to the initial position relative to the connecting sleeve 2, and the fixed part of the spring telescopic rod 9 synchronously resets to the initial position to the right, so that the pressing force of the pressing wheel 8 on the piston 7 returns to the initial value for subsequent continued use.

[0081] As Figure 5 shown, it further includes: intercepting plates 13, there are two symmetrically distributed left and right, respectively fixedly connected to adjacent pressing plates 12. The intercepting plates 13 are used to limit adjacent spring telescopic rods 9, and initially the intercepting plates 13 are in contact with adjacent spring telescopic rods 9.

[0082] The following takes the movement process of the right spring telescopic rod 9 as an example for description:

[0083] During the normal use of the device, the intercepting plate 13 and the pressing plate 12 jointly limit the spring telescopic rod 9, so that the spring telescopic rod 9 cannot move left and right, avoiding the repeated movement of the spring telescopic rod 9 caused by vibration during the normal use of the device, thereby reducing the service life of the spring telescopic rod 9 and the second elastic member 10. When the moving sleeve 3 drives the spring telescopic rod 9 to move upward to a position where it loses contact with the intercepting plate 13, the spring telescopic rod 9 contacts the inclined surface on the pressing plate 12. At the same time, the intercepting plate 13 no longer limits the spring telescopic rod 9, so that the spring telescopic rod 9 can be squeezed by the inclined surface on the pressing plate 12 and move to the left.

[0084] Embodiment 2: As Figures 6 - 8 shown, it further includes: a moving rod 14 fixedly connected to the upper side of the moving sleeve 3. The moving rod 14 is located inside the connecting sleeve 2, and an annular storage cavity is formed between the connecting sleeve 2 and the moving sleeve 3; a moving ring 15 fixedly connected to the upper end of the moving rod 14. The moving ring 15 is slidably connected to the connecting sleeve 2. The first elastic member 201 is fixedly connected to both the moving ring 15 and the connecting sleeve 2, and both the moving ring 15 and the first elastic member 201 are located in the storage cavity between the connecting sleeve 2 and the moving sleeve 3; a plurality of fixed pipes 16, all of which are fixedly connected to the moving ring 15 in a penetrating manner. A baffle 17 is rotatably connected to the lower side of the fixed pipe 16. A third elastic member 18 is fixedly connected between the baffle 17 and the fixed pipe 16. Through holes are provided on the baffle 17; the diameter of the through holes on the baffle 17 is smaller than the inner diameter of the fixed pipe 16, which is used to reduce the speed of the moving ring 15 when moving downward. And the third elastic member 18 is a torsion spring, and the elastic force of the third elastic member 18 is equal to the gravity of the baffle 17. The third elastic member 18 is used to maintain the adjacent lower baffle 17 in a horizontal state and reduce the resistance when the baffle 17 switches from the horizontal state to the vertical state.

[0085] In the above solution, hydraulic oil is stored in the storage cavity of the connecting sleeve 2, and the specific number of the fixed pipes 16 can be specifically selected by the staff; the third elastic member 18 is a torsion spring. Initially, the baffle 17 is in a horizontal state, and the baffle 17 is located below the fixed pipe 16; during the upward movement of the moving sleeve 3 relative to the connecting sleeve 2, the moving sleeve 3 drives the moving ring 15 to move upward synchronously through the moving rod 14, and the moving ring 15 drives all the fixed pipes 16 thereon to move upward synchronously, compressing the first elastic member 201. During this process, the hydraulic oil in the storage cavity of the connecting sleeve 2 flows through the fixed pipe 16, and the baffle 17 is squeezed by the hydraulic oil and rotates around its connection with the adjacent fixed pipe 16, converting the baffle 17 from a horizontal state to a vertical state, and at the same time causing the third elastic member 18 to twist and store energy; during the downward resetting process of the moving sleeve 3 relative to the connecting sleeve 2, the first elastic member 201 drives all the fixed pipes 16 and the baffle 17 to move downward synchronously through the moving sleeve 3. During this process, the baffle 17 is affected by the extrusion of the hydraulic oil and the action of the third elastic member 18, so that the baffle 17 is switched from a vertical state to a horizontal state. At this time, the hydraulic oil in the storage cavity of the connecting sleeve 2 flows through the through hole on the baffle 17 to reduce the downward movement speed of the moving ring 15, and further reduce the downward resetting speed of the moving sleeve 3 relative to the connecting sleeve 2, avoiding instantaneously losing support and rapidly moving downward when the drill bit 5 encounters a rock void layer, thereby reducing the collision force between the moving sleeve 3 and the connecting sleeve 2, avoiding deformation of the moving sleeve 3 and the connecting sleeve 2 due to impact, and extending the service life of the moving sleeve 3 and the connecting sleeve 2.

[0086] Embodiment 3: During the drilling process, if the resistance of the rock layer encountered by the drill bit continuously increases, the drill bit will transmit this force to the drill pipe, causing the drill pipe to be axially compressed (along the length direction of the drill pipe), resulting in the drill pipe being bent and deformed under the axial compression force. For this problem, the present invention solves it through the following measures:

[0087] Based on Embodiment 1, as Figures 9 - 12 shown, it further includes: a moving pipe 19, slidably connected to the air guide pipe 101, and the moving pipe 19 is detachably connected to the rear joint 1; a connecting ring 20, fixedly connected to the upper end of the moving pipe 19, and the connecting ring 20 is located inside the air guide pipe 101; a plurality of limiting balls 21, circumferentially distributed, are all slidably connected to the connecting ring 20 in a limiting manner, and the air guide pipe 101 is provided with an arc-shaped groove for squeezing the limiting balls 21; a squeezing ring 22, slidably connected to the moving pipe 19, and the squeezing ring 22 is located between the moving pipe 19 and the connecting ring 20, and the squeezing ring 22 is provided with an inclined surface for squeezing the limiting balls 21; a fourth elastic member 23, fixedly connected between the connecting ring 20 and the air guide pipe 101.

[0088] In the above solution, the specific number of the limiting balls 21 can be selected by the staff; the depth of the arc-shaped groove on the air duct 101 is less than the radius of the limiting balls 21. Initially, the limiting balls 21 are located in the arc-shaped grooves of the air duct 101; the fourth elastic member 23 is a spring, and initially, the fourth elastic member 23 has been compressed to the limit state.

[0089] As Figures 9 - 12 shown, it further includes: an unlocking rod 24 fixedly connected to the lower side of the extrusion ring 22. The unlocking rod 24 is slidably connected to both the moving pipe 19 and the connecting sleeve 2, preventing the unlocking rod 24 from moving laterally, thereby reducing the influence of the vibration of the unlocking rod 24 during the drilling process; a gland 241 detachably connected to the moving sleeve 3. A fixing frame 25 is detachably connected to the upper side of the gland 241, and the fixing frame 25 is used to extrude the unlocking rod 24.

[0090] The specific working process of the above solution is as follows:

[0091] During the process of the moving sleeve 3 moving upward relative to the connecting sleeve 2, the moving sleeve 3 drives the fixing frame 25 to move upward synchronously through the gland 241. When the fixed parts of both spring telescopic rods 9 reach the limit position (i.e., when the energy storage values of both spring telescopic rods 9 reach the maximum), the second elastic member 10 is compressed to the limit state. At this time, the fixed parts of the two spring telescopic rods 9 respectively contact the vertical surfaces on the upper sides of the adjacent extrusion plates 12. At the same time, the spring telescopic rods 9 can still continue to move upward along the adjacent extrusion plates 12, and the upper side of the fixing frame 25 moves upward to the position where it contacts the unlocking rod 24. At this time, the moving sleeve 3 can still move upward relative to the connecting sleeve 2. During the process of the moving sleeve 3 continuing to move upward relative to the connecting sleeve 2, the fixing frame 25 extrudes the unlocking rod 24, causing the unlocking rod 24 to drive the extrusion ring 22 to move upward.

[0092] When the moving sleeve 3 moves upward relative to the connecting sleeve 2 to the limit state, the extrusion ring 22 loses contact with the limiting balls 21. The fourth elastic member 23 drives the moving pipe 19 to move upward synchronously through the connecting ring 20 (during this process, the arc-shaped groove on the air duct 101 extrudes the limiting balls 21, causing the limiting balls 21 to move towards the position closer to the center of the connecting ring 20), and the moving pipe 19 drives the rear joint 1 to move upward. The rear joint 1 drives the connecting sleeve 2, the moving sleeve 3, the front joint 4, and the drill bit 5 to move upward synchronously, causing the drill bit 5 to lose contact with the rock formation, avoiding the situation that the air duct 101 is bent due to the axial compressive force when the moving sleeve 3 moves upward relative to the connecting sleeve 2 to the limit position and the rock formation is too hard.

[0093] When the fourth elastic member 23 returns to its uncompressed state, the moving tube 19 moves upward to its extreme position. At the same time, during the process of the driving device driving the air duct 101 downward, there is no longer any resistance, which causes the air duct 101 to move downward rapidly. Subsequently, the staff shuts down the external air supply device and stops continuously supplying high-pressure gas into the connecting sleeve 2. While shutting down the external air supply device, the staff controls the driving device to work in reverse, and the driving device drives the air duct 101 upward. Thus, the air duct 101 drives other connections connected thereto to move upward synchronously. When the drill bit 5 moves upward out of the hole, the staff repairs and resets the drill bit 5 and other parts connected thereto. At the same time, the staff also resurvey the rock formation at the drilling position, select a drill bit 5 of a suitable specification according to the survey results, and continue to drill the blasting hole according to the above operations.

[0094] As Figure 9 shown, it further includes: a sealing shell 26, detachably connected to the rear joint 1, and the sealing shell 26 is in limit sliding connection with the air duct 101.

[0095] During the above drilling process, the sealing shell 26 intercepts the rock debris to prevent the rock debris from entering between the rear joint 1 and the air duct 101, thus affecting the upward movement process of the rear joint 1 relative to the air duct 101. At the same time, the sealing shell 26 also transmits the torsion force received by the air duct 101 to the rear joint 1, causing the rear joint 1 to rotate synchronously with the air duct 101 to ensure the smooth drilling of the blasting hole. During the process of the above moving tube 19 moving upward relative to the air duct 101, the rear joint 1 drives the sealing shell 26 to move synchronously, causing the sealing shell 26 to slide along the air duct 101.

[0096] Example 4: On the basis of Example 3, as Figures 1 - 12 shown, a blasting hole drilling construction method, a drilling rig for blasting holes based on the above technical solution, includes the following steps:

[0097] S1: Use the existing driving device to synchronously move the rear joint 1 and other parts connected thereto to the position where the blasting hole needs to be drilled;

[0098] S2: Start the driving device. The driving device drives the drill bit 5 to move downward through the air duct 101 and simultaneously drives the drill bit 5 to rotate; start the external air supply device. The external air supply device supplies high-pressure gas into the moving sleeve 3 and the connecting sleeve 2 through the air duct 101, and the high-pressure gas drives the piston 7 to move up and down;

[0099] S3: When the piston 7 moves downward, it impacts the drill bit 5, causing the drill bit 5 to impact the rock for drilling operation. After the piston 7 moves downward, the high-pressure gas drives the piston 7 to reset upward and blows the rock debris out of the hole;

[0100] S4: During the drilling process, when drilling into the hard rock formation area, change the position of the fixing part of the spring telescopic rod 9 to increase the air pressure between the piston 7 and the inner sleeve 6;

[0101] S5: When the resistance on the drill bit 5 continues to increase, the moving pipe 19 drives the drill bit 5 to move upward and separate from the rock formation, and the drill bit 5 is removed from the borehole through the driving device. Then, the geological conditions of the borehole are re-surveyed, and a suitable drill bit 5 is re-selected to continue the drilling operation;

[0102] S6: After the drilling is completed, the drill bit 5 is removed from the borehole and maintained for subsequent use.

[0103] So far, this embodiment has been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Based on the above description, those skilled in the art should have a clear understanding of the drilling rig and method for blasting holes of the present invention. The specific embodiments described above further elaborate on the purpose, technical solutions, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above are only specific embodiments of the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A drilling rig for blasting drilling, characterized in that: Included are: A rear joint (1), wherein an air guide tube (101) is provided on the upper side of the rear joint (1), and the air guide tube (101) is externally connected to an external air supply device; A connecting sleeve (2) is detachably connected to the lower side of the rear joint (1); the connecting sleeve (2) is slidably connected to a moving sleeve (3); a first elastic member (201) is provided between the connecting sleeve (2) and the moving sleeve (3); A front joint (4) is detachably connected to the lower side of the connecting sleeve (2), and the front joint (4) is limitedly slidably connected to a drill bit (5); An inner sleeve (6) is detachably connected to the inside of the movable sleeve (3); a piston (7) is slidably connected to the inner sleeve (6); the piston (7) is used to strike the drill bit (5); and both the piston (7) and the drill bit (5) are provided with a through hole for exhausting air; The extrusion wheels (8) are symmetrically distributed and are both arranged on the connecting sleeve (2). The two extrusion wheels (8) are in contact with the piston (7). The two extrusion wheels (8) are used to squeeze the piston (7) to increase the resistance of the piston (7) to move downward. A connecting component is provided between the connecting sleeve (2) and the two extrusion wheels (8). The connecting component is used to change the squeezing force of the two extrusion wheels (8) on the piston (7).

2. A blasting drilling rig according to claim 1, characterized in that: The middle of the piston (7) is provided with symmetrically distributed rectangular surfaces, and the rectangular surfaces of the piston (7) are provided with grooves for increasing the contact area between the extrusion wheel (8) and the piston (7).

3. A blasting drilling rig according to claim 2, characterized in that: The connection component includes: The spring telescopic rod (9) has two symmetrically distributed ones, both of which are slidably connected to the connecting sleeve (2); the telescopic end of the spring telescopic rod (9) passes through the inner sleeve (6) and is slidably connected thereto; the telescopic end of the spring telescopic rod (9) is rotationally connected to the adjacent extrusion wheel (8); and a second elastic member (10) is fixedly connected between the fixed portion of the spring telescopic rod (9) and the connecting sleeve (2); Two connecting rods (11) are symmetrically distributed and are both fixed to the connecting sleeve (2); the connecting rod (11) is slidably connected to the moving sleeve (3); The squeezing plates (12) have two symmetrically distributed ones, which are respectively fixed to the lower ends of the adjacent connecting rods (11), and the squeezing plates (12) are used to squeeze the fixing parts of the adjacent spring telescopic rods (9).

4. A blasting drilling rig according to claim 3, characterized in that: The extrusion plate (12) consists of two upper and lower vertical portions and an inclined portion, and the angle between the inclined portion of the extrusion plate (12) and the vertical surface is an acute angle.

5. The blasting drilling rig according to claim 4, characterized in that: Also included are: The interception plates (13) have two symmetrically distributed ones, which are respectively fixed to adjacent extrusion plates (12), and the interception plates (13) are used to limit the positions of adjacent spring telescopic rods (9).

6. A blasting drilling rig according to claim 5, characterized in that: Also included are: A moving rod (14) fixedly connected to the upper side of the moving sleeve (3), the moving rod (14) being located inside the connecting sleeve (2); A moving ring (15) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the moving rod (14); the moving ring (15) is slidably connected to the connecting sleeve (2); and the first elastic member (201) is fixedly connected to both the moving ring (15) and the connecting sleeve (2); A plurality of fixed tubes (16) are provided, all of which are fixedly connected to the movable ring (15) in a penetrating manner; a baffle (17) is rotatably connected to the lower side of the fixed tube (16); a third elastic member (18) is fixedly connected between the baffle (17) and the fixed tube (16); a through hole is provided on the baffle (17); and the diameter of the through hole on the baffle (17) is smaller than the inner diameter of the fixed tube (16).

7. A blasting drilling rig according to claim 6, characterized in that: Also included are: A movable tube (19) is slidably connected to the air guide tube (101), and the movable tube (19) is detachably connected to the rear joint (1); A connecting ring (20) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the moving tube (19), and the connecting ring (20) is located inside the air guide tube (101); A plurality of limiting balls (21) are circumferentially distributed and are all slidably connected to the connecting ring (20) in a limiting manner, and the air guide tube (101) is provided with an arc-shaped groove for squeezing the limiting balls (21); An extrusion ring (22) is slidably connected to the moving tube (19), the extrusion ring (22) is located between the moving tube (19) and the connecting ring (20), and the extrusion ring (22) is used to squeeze the limiting ball (21); A fourth elastic member (23) is fixedly connected between the connecting ring (20) and the air guide tube (101).

8. The blasting drilling rig according to claim 7, characterized in that: Also included are: An unlocking rod (24) is fixedly connected to the lower side of the extrusion ring (22), and the unlocking rod (24) is slidably connected to both the moving tube (19) and the connecting sleeve (2); A pressure cover (241) is detachably connected to the movable sleeve (3); a fixing frame (25) is detachably connected to the upper side of the pressure cover (241); the fixing frame (25) is used to press the unlocking rod (24).

9. The blasting drilling rig according to claim 8, characterized in that: Also included are: The sealing shell (26) is detachably connected to the rear joint (1), and the sealing shell (26) is slidably connected to the air guide tube (101) in a limited position.

10. A blasting drilling construction method, based on the blasting drilling rig according to claim 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Using an existing driving device to synchronously move the rear joint (1) and other parts connected thereto to a position where a blasting hole needs to be drilled; S2: starting the driving device, which drives the drill bit (5) to move downward through the air guide pipe (101) and drives the drill bit (5) to rotate at the same time; starting the external air supply device, which delivers high-pressure gas to the movable sleeve (3) and the connecting sleeve (2) through the air guide pipe (101), and the high-pressure gas drives the piston (7) to move up and down; S3: When the piston (7) moves downward, it hits the drill bit (5), causing the drill bit (5) to hit the rock, thereby performing a drilling operation. After the piston (7) moves downward, the high-pressure gas drives the piston (7) to return upward, and blows rock debris out of the hole; S4: During the drilling process, when drilling into a hard rock formation area, the position of the fixed portion of the spring telescopic rod (9) is changed to increase the air pressure between the piston (7) and the inner casing (6); S5: When the resistance to the drill bit (5) continues to increase, the drill bit (5) is driven by the movable tube (19) to move upward and separate from the rock layer, and the drill bit (5) is moved out of the borehole by the driving device, the geological conditions of the borehole are re-surveyed, and a suitable drill bit (5) is re-selected to continue the drilling operation; S6: After the drilling is completed, the drill bit (5) is removed from the drill hole and the drill bit (5) is maintained for subsequent use.

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