Combustion protection system of gas turbine

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of gas turbine combustion protection, in particular to a gas turbine combustion protection system which comprises a hydrogen-rich fuel storage tank, an air separator, a fuel premixer and a gas turbine. The rectifying tower is used for separating nitrogen and oxygen in air, the nitrogen is output through the top output end, and the oxygen is output through the top output end; one end of a first ejector of the fuel premixer is connected to the hydrogen-rich fuel storage tank, and one end of a second ejector of the fuel premixer is connected to the top output end; the gas turbine comprises a combustion chamber, a combustor is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the combustion chamber, and the input end of the combustor communicates with the output end and the bottom output end of the fuel premixer. According to the hydrogen-rich fuel premixer, nitrogen serves as a medium for stabilizing the pressure, it is guaranteed that the hydrogen-rich fuel is kept at a certain pressure in the fuel premixer, hydrogen explosion can be prevented, and therefore safe operation of conveying and combustion of the hydrogen-rich fuel is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of gas turbine combustion protection, in particular to a gas turbine combustion protection system. Background Art

[0002] As an important power device, gas turbines are widely used in power generation, industry and other fields. With the continuous improvement of environmental protection requirements, the use of hydrogen-rich fuel has become a trend.

[0003] The combustion characteristics of hydrogen-rich fuels are very different from those of traditional natural gas fuels, mainly in the following aspects: The combustion rate of hydrogen-rich fuels is much higher than that of traditional fuels, such as natural gas, which increases the difficulty of combustion control. The flammability limit of hydrogen-rich fuels is wider, and the flame can be maintained even in the case of very rich mixtures, but this may lead to excessive ignition risks.

[0004] The gas turbine combustion protection system in the prior art is not convenient for safely premixing hydrogen-rich fuel injection using nitrogen as a medium for stabilizing pressure, which easily leads to the risk of explosion of hydrogen-rich fuel. It is also not convenient for the fuel to be smoothly delivered to the combustion chamber at a stable pressure for effective mixing with preheated air, which reduces the combustion efficiency and the safety of the combustion system. It is also not convenient to use efficient waste heat utilization and exhaust gas purification technology, and it is impossible to preheat oxygen to improve combustion effects and reduce pollutant emissions. Therefore, a gas turbine combustion protection system that is convenient for mixing hydrogen-rich fuel is needed to improve the above-mentioned problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a gas turbine combustion protection system to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A gas turbine combustion protection system comprises: a hydrogen-rich fuel storage tank, in which hydrogen-rich fuel is stored; an air separator, wherein the air separator comprises a distillation tower, wherein the upper tower of the distillation tower has a top output end and a bottom output end, and the distillation tower is used to separate nitrogen and oxygen in the air, wherein the nitrogen is output through the top output end, and the oxygen is output through the top output end; a fuel premixer, wherein the fuel premixer comprises a first injector and a second injector, wherein one end of the first injector is connected to the hydrogen-rich fuel storage tank, and one end of the second injector is connected to the top output end; and a gas turbine, wherein the gas turbine comprises a combustion chamber, wherein a burner is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the combustion chamber, and an input end of the burner is connected to both an output end of the fuel premixer and the bottom output end.

[0008] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: nitrogen and hydrogen-rich fuel are premixed through the first injector and the second injector arranged in the fuel premixer to prepare a premixed hydrogen-rich fuel / air mixture, and nitrogen can be used as a medium for stabilizing pressure to ensure that the hydrogen-rich fuel is maintained at a certain pressure inside the fuel premixer, which can be used to prevent the occurrence of hydrogen explosions, thereby ensuring the safe operation of hydrogen-rich fuel transportation and combustion.

[0009] Furthermore, the distillation tower also includes: a nitrogen storage tank and an oxygen storage tank, the nitrogen storage tank is connected between the top output end and the first injector, the nitrogen storage tank is used to store nitrogen, and the oxygen storage tank is connected between the bottom output end and the input end of the burner, and the oxygen storage tank is used to store oxygen.

[0010] Furthermore, the air separator also includes an air compressor and an expander, the output end of the air compressor is connected to the upper tower of the distillation tower and the expander, the output end of the expander is connected to the lower tower of the distillation tower, and the upper tower of the distillation tower is connected to the lower tower of the distillation tower.

[0011] Furthermore, the gas turbine combustion protection system also includes: a gas preheater, the gas preheater includes a heat exchange pipe, and the heat exchange pipe is connected between the oxygen storage tank and the input end of the burner.

[0012] Furthermore, the gas turbine combustion protection system also includes: a first pipeline, the first pipeline is connected between the heat exchange pipeline and the combustion chamber, and the first pipeline is provided with an intake air temperature sensor.

[0013] Furthermore, the gas turbine combustion protection system also includes: a second pipeline, wherein the second pipeline is connected between the output end of the gas turbine and the input end of the gas preheater.

[0014] Furthermore, an exhaust temperature sensor is provided on the second pipeline.

[0015] Furthermore, it also includes: an exhaust gas purification device, which is connected to the output end of the gas preheater.

[0016] Furthermore, the gas turbine combustion protection system also includes: a third pipeline, the burner is provided with a plurality of the third pipelines, and the third pipeline is connected between the output end of the fuel premixer and the input ends of the plurality of the burners.

[0017] Furthermore, the third pipeline is provided with a supply pressure regulating valve assembly and an intake pressure sensor, and the intake pressure sensor is located downstream of the supply pressure regulating valve assembly.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0019] In the present invention, by setting up an intake temperature sensor and an exhaust temperature sensor, it is convenient to measure the temperature in real time to ensure the thermal efficiency of the gas turbine and serve as a basis for judging the combustion performance. The waste gas carrying heat discharged from the tail flue of the gas turbine is transported to the inside of the gas preheater for waste heat utilization. By introducing oxygen into the heat exchange pipe to preheat it to a certain temperature, the combustion effect can be improved by preheating the oxygen, pollutant emissions can be reduced, and energy utilization efficiency can be improved.

[0020] In the present invention, the supply pressure regulating valve assembly and the intake pressure sensor arranged between the burner and the fuel premixer can ensure that the premixed fuel / air mixture maintains a certain pressure, thereby ensuring that the hydrogen-rich fuel flows out of the reactor fuel premixer and enters the burner at a stable pressure and smoothly, so as to ensure safe mixing and combustion and realize safe fuel injection, reduce the risk of fire, promote effective mixing of fuel and air, improve combustion efficiency, and further enhance the safety of the combustion system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the gas turbine combustion protection system of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the operating structure of the gas turbine combustion protection system of the present invention.

[0023] In the figure: 1. gas turbine combustion protection system; 2. air separator; 21. air compressor; 22. expander; 23. distillation tower; 231. nitrogen storage tank; 232. oxygen storage tank; 3. gas preheater; 31. heat exchange pipeline; 4. fuel premixer; 41. first injector; 42. second injector; 5. gas turbine; 51. combustion chamber; 511. burner; 6. third pipeline; 61. supply pressure regulating valve assembly; 62. intake pressure sensor; 7. first pipeline; 71. intake temperature sensor; 8. second pipeline; 81. exhaust temperature sensor; 9. exhaust gas purification equipment; 10. hydrogen-rich fuel storage tank. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] See also Figure 1-2 , the present invention provides a technical solution:

[0026] A gas turbine combustion protection system 1 includes: a hydrogen-rich fuel storage tank 10, an air separator 2, a fuel premixer 4 and a gas turbine 5. The hydrogen-rich fuel storage tank 10 stores hydrogen-rich fuel. The hydrogen-rich fuel is a fuel with high-concentration hydrogen as a main component. The hydrogen-rich fuel has a high energy density and only produces water vapor and a small amount of heat energy when burned. It is a clean and efficient energy carrier.

[0027] The air separator 2 includes a distillation tower 23, the upper tower of the distillation tower 23 has a top output end and a bottom output end, and the distillation tower 23 is used to separate nitrogen and oxygen in the air, and the nitrogen is output through the top output end, and the oxygen is output through the top output end. In the distillation tower 23, after the rising steam and the falling liquid are heat-exchanged, high-purity nitrogen can be obtained at the top of the upper tower, and high-purity oxygen can be obtained at the bottom of the upper tower, so that the air separator 2 can efficiently separate the air into oxygen and nitrogen.

[0028] The fuel premixer 4 includes a first injector 41 and a second injector 42, and the first injector 41 and the second injector 42 are fixed inside the fuel premixer 4, one end of the first injector 41 is connected to the hydrogen-rich fuel storage tank 10, and the hydrogen-rich fuel in the hydrogen-rich fuel storage tank 10 can be transported to the first injector 41, and the first injector 41 injects the hydrogen-rich fuel into the fuel premixer 4; one end of the second injector 42 is connected to the top output end, and the nitrogen separated by the distillation tower 23 can be transported to the second injector 42, and the second injector 42 injects the nitrogen into the fuel premixer 4.

[0029] Nitrogen and hydrogen-rich fuel are premixed by the first injector 41 and the second injector 42 provided in the fuel premixer 4 to prepare a premixed hydrogen-rich fuel / air mixture. Nitrogen can be used as a medium for stabilizing pressure to ensure that the hydrogen-rich fuel is maintained at a certain pressure inside the fuel premixer 4, and can be used to prevent the occurrence of hydrogen explosion, thereby ensuring safe operation during hydrogen-rich fuel transportation and combustion.

[0030] The gas turbine 5 includes a combustion chamber 51, and a burner 511 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the combustion chamber 51. The input end of the burner 511 is connected to the output end of the fuel premixer 4 and the bottom output end of the distillation tower 23. The hydrogen-rich fuel / air mixture is premixed through the fuel premixer 4, and the premixed hydrogen-rich fuel / air mixture can be transported to the burner 511 of the combustion chamber 51; the oxygen separated by the distillation tower 23 can be transported to the burner 511 of the combustion chamber 51, so that the hydrogen-rich fuel / air mixture and oxygen are burned in the burner 511 of the combustion chamber 51. The hydrogen-rich fuel only produces water vapor and a small amount of heat energy when burned, and is a clean and efficient energy carrier.

[0031] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: nitrogen and hydrogen-rich fuel are premixed by the first injector 41 and the second injector 42 provided in the fuel premixer 4 to prepare a premixed hydrogen-rich fuel / air mixture; nitrogen can be used as a medium for stabilizing pressure to ensure that the hydrogen-rich fuel is maintained at a certain pressure inside the fuel premixer 4, and can be used to prevent the occurrence of hydrogen explosions, thereby ensuring safe operation during the transportation and combustion of the hydrogen-rich fuel.

[0032] Further, see Figure 2 The distillation tower 23 further includes: a nitrogen storage tank 231 and an oxygen storage tank 232. The nitrogen storage tank 231 is connected between the top output end of the distillation tower 23 and the first injector 41. The nitrogen separated by the distillation tower 23 is transported to the nitrogen storage tank 231 through a pipeline. The nitrogen storage tank 231 is used to store nitrogen, so that the nitrogen separated by the air separator 2 is stored and used by the nitrogen storage tank 231. When the fuel premixer 4 premixes the hydrogen-rich fuel, different contents of nitrogen need to be mixed according to different combustion requirements. The excess nitrogen separated by the distillation tower 23 can be stored in the nitrogen storage tank 231. When the fuel premixer 4 needs a larger content of nitrogen to mix the hydrogen-rich fuel, the nitrogen in the nitrogen storage tank 231 can be transported to the fuel premixer 4.

[0033] The oxygen storage tank 232 is connected between the bottom output end of the distillation tower 23 and the input end of the burner 511. The oxygen separated by the distillation tower 23 is transported to the oxygen storage tank 232 through a pipeline. The oxygen storage tank 232 is used to store oxygen, so that the oxygen separated by the air separator 2 is stored and used by the oxygen storage tank 232. When the gas turbine 5 is burning, different contents of oxygen are required according to different combustion requirements. The excess oxygen separated by the distillation tower 23 can be stored in the oxygen storage tank 232. When the gas turbine 5 needs more oxygen for combustion, the oxygen in the oxygen storage tank 232 can be transported to the gas turbine 5.

[0034] Further, see Figure 2 The air separator 2 also includes an air compressor 21 and an expander 22. The output end of the air compressor 21 is connected to the upper tower of the distillation tower 23 and the expander 22. The output end of the expander 22 is connected to the lower tower of the distillation tower 23. The upper tower of the distillation tower 23 is connected to the lower tower of the distillation tower 23.

[0035] The compressed air from the air compressor 21 is passed through a molecular sieve to remove impurities such as moisture, carbon dioxide, and hydrocarbons in the air. The output end of the air compressor 21 transports part of the air to the upper tower of the fixedly connected distillation tower 23 through two pipes, and the other part of the air is transported to the expander 22 for expansion and refrigeration. When the high-pressure air passes through the expander 22, its pressure drops rapidly, causing the temperature to drop sharply. The output end of the expander 22 is fixedly connected to the lower tower of the distillation tower 23 through a pipe. The air with lower temperature can reduce the refrigeration capacity required for the top condenser of the distillation tower 23, thereby saving energy.

[0036] Further, see Figure 2 The gas turbine combustion protection system 1 further includes: a gas preheater 3, the gas preheater 3 includes a heat exchange pipe 31, and the heat exchange pipe 31 is connected between the oxygen storage tank 232 and the input end of the burner 511. One end of the heat exchange pipe 31 is fixedly connected to the oxygen storage tank 232, and a pipeline for transporting oxygen is fixedly connected between the input end of the heat exchange pipe 31 and the output end of the oxygen storage tank 232. The output end of the gas turbine 5 and the input end of the gas preheater 3 are fixedly connected through the pipeline. The gas preheater 3 can preheat the oxygen in the heat exchange pipe 31 to a certain temperature, which can increase the combustion temperature and thus improve the thermal efficiency of the gas turbine 5.

[0037] Further, see Figure 2 The gas turbine combustion protection system 1 also includes: a first pipeline 7, the first pipeline 7 is connected between the heat exchange pipe 31 and the combustion chamber 51, and an intake air temperature sensor 71 is provided on the first pipeline 7. The intake air temperature sensor 71 is used to obtain the temperature of the preheated oxygen in the first pipeline 7, so as to facilitate real-time detection of the temperature of the preheated oxygen in the first pipeline 7 and ensure the thermal efficiency of the gas turbine 5.

[0038] Further, see Figure 2 The gas turbine combustion protection system 1 also includes: a second pipeline 8, which is connected between the output end of the gas turbine 5 and the input end of the gas preheater 3. The exhaust gas carrying heat discharged from the tail flue of the gas turbine 5 is transported to the gas preheater 3 through the second pipeline 8 to preheat the oxygen in the heat exchange pipe 31, so as to recycle the exhaust gas carrying heat discharged from the tail flue of the gas turbine 5, reduce pollutant emissions, and improve energy utilization efficiency.

[0039] Further, see Figure 2 An exhaust temperature sensor 81 is provided on the second pipeline 8. The exhaust temperature sensor 81 is used to obtain the temperature of the exhaust gas in the second pipeline 8, so as to facilitate real-time detection of the temperature of the exhaust gas in the second pipeline 8 and serve as a basis for judging the combustion performance of the gas turbine 5 to ensure the thermal efficiency of the gas turbine 5.

[0040] Further, see Figure 2 The gas turbine combustion protection system 1 also includes: an exhaust gas purification device 9, which is connected to the output end of the gas preheater 3. The exhaust gas purification device 9 is arranged to facilitate the purification and emission reduction of the exhaust gas after the waste heat is utilized, thereby saving energy and being environmentally friendly.

[0041] Further, see Figure 2 The gas turbine combustion protection system 1 also includes: a third pipeline 6, the burner 511 is provided with multiple, the third pipeline 6 is connected between the output end of the fuel premixer 4 and the input ends of the multiple burners 511, and the hydrogen-rich fuel / air mixture mixed by the fuel premixer 4 is transported to the burner 511 through the third pipeline 6.

[0042] Further, see Figure 2 The third pipeline 6 is provided with a supply pressure regulating valve assembly 61 and an intake pressure sensor 62. The supply pressure regulating valve assembly 61 can adjust the delivery amount of the hydrogen-rich fuel / air mixture in the third pipeline 6, and the intake pressure sensor 62 can obtain the pressure of the hydrogen-rich fuel / air mixture in the third pipeline 6.

[0043] The intake pressure sensor 62 is located downstream of the supply pressure regulating valve assembly 61. The size of the supply pressure regulating valve assembly 61 is adjusted according to the pressure of the hydrogen-rich fuel / air mixture in the third pipeline 6 obtained by the intake pressure sensor 62, and then the delivery amount of the hydrogen-rich fuel / air mixture in the third pipeline 6 is adjusted to ensure that the pre-mixed hydrogen-rich fuel / air mixture maintains a certain pressure. This can ensure that the hydrogen flows out of the reactor fuel premixer 4 and enters the burner 511 at a stable pressure and smoothly operates, so as to ensure safe mixing and combustion, and realize safe fuel injection, reducing the risk of fire; it also promotes the effective mixing of fuel and air, improves combustion efficiency, and further enhances the safety of the combustion system.

[0044] In summary, the present invention uses nitrogen as a medium for stabilizing pressure to safely perform fuel injection premixing, which reduces the risk of explosion of hydrogen-rich fuel, promotes the smooth and stable delivery of the fuel to the combustion chamber 51 and the effective mixing with the preheated oxygen, improves the combustion efficiency, and further enhances the safety of the combustion system. It also uses efficient waste heat utilization and exhaust gas purification technology to preheat oxygen to improve the combustion effect and reduce pollutant emissions, which significantly improves the energy utilization economic benefits and environmental benefits of the system, and has broad application prospects.

[0045] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A gas turbine combustion protection system (1), characterized in that: include: A hydrogen-rich fuel storage tank (10), wherein the hydrogen-rich fuel storage tank (10) stores hydrogen-rich fuel; An air separator (2), the air separator (2) comprising a distillation tower (23), the upper tower of the distillation tower (23) having a top output end and a bottom output end, the distillation tower (23) being used to separate nitrogen and oxygen in the air, the nitrogen being output through the top output end, and the oxygen being output through the top output end; A fuel premixer (4), the fuel premixer (4) comprising a first injector (41) and a second injector (42), one end of the first injector (41) being connected to the hydrogen-rich fuel storage tank (10), and one end of the second injector (42) being connected to the top output end; A gas turbine (5), the gas turbine (5) comprising a combustion chamber (51), a burner (511) being fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the combustion chamber (51), the input end of the burner (511) being connected to both the output end of the fuel premixer (4) and the bottom output end.

2. The gas turbine combustion protection system (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distillation tower (23) further comprises: a nitrogen storage tank (231) and an oxygen storage tank (232), wherein the nitrogen storage tank (231) is connected between the top output end and the first ejector (41), and is used to store nitrogen; the oxygen storage tank (232) is connected between the bottom output end and the input end of the burner (511), and is used to store oxygen.

3. The gas turbine combustion protection system (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that: The air separator (2) further comprises an air compressor (21) and an expander (22); the output end of the air compressor (21) is connected to the upper tower of the distillation tower (23) and the expander (22); the output end of the expander (22) is connected to the lower tower of the distillation tower (23); and the upper tower of the distillation tower (23) is connected to the lower tower of the distillation tower (23).

4. The gas turbine combustion protection system (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that: Also includes: A gas preheater (3), the gas preheater (3) comprising a heat exchange pipe (31), the heat exchange pipe (31) being connected between the oxygen storage tank (232) and the input end of the burner (511).

5. The gas turbine combustion protection system (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that: Also includes: A first pipeline (7), wherein the first pipeline (7) is connected between the heat exchange pipe (31) and the combustion chamber (51), and an intake air temperature sensor (71) is provided on the first pipeline (7).

6. The gas turbine combustion protection system (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that: Also includes: A second pipeline (8), the second pipeline (8) is connected between the output end of the gas turbine (5) and the input end of the gas preheater (3).

7. The gas turbine combustion protection system (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that: An exhaust gas temperature sensor (81) is provided on the second pipeline (8).

8. The gas turbine combustion protection system (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that: Also includes: An exhaust gas purification device (9), wherein the exhaust gas purification device (9) is connected to an output end of the gas preheater (3).

9. The gas turbine combustion protection system (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: A third pipeline (6), the burner (511) is provided with a plurality of them, and the third pipeline (6) is connected between the output end of the fuel premixer (4) and the input ends of the plurality of burners (511).

10. The gas turbine combustion protection system (1) according to claim 9, characterized in that: The third pipeline (6) is provided with a supply pressure regulating valve assembly (61) and an intake pressure sensor (62), and the intake pressure sensor (62) is located downstream of the supply pressure regulating valve assembly (61).

Images