Small generator system with ammonia as single fuel source

Abstract

The invention discloses a small generator system with ammonia as a single fuel source, which relates to the technical field of generators and comprises an ammonia storage device, an ammonia cracker, a generator, an ammonia engine, a buffer tank, a plasma auxiliary ammonia burner, an air blower and a plasma power supply. According to the plasma auxiliary ammonia burner, primary air is activated through high-voltage discharge of the plasma power source, so that ammonia is ignited more easily, ignition can be conducted even if all inlet air is liquid ammonia in the initial starting stage of the plasma auxiliary ammonia burner, and the cold starting problem of a generator system is solved; after the generator system operates stably, the plasma power supply is turned off, additional plasma is not needed to assist ammonia combustion, self-sustaining ammonia combustion can be continued to provide heat for ammonia cracking, and the power consumption is reduced to a great extent. According to the self-formed closed-loop power generation system, on the premise that ammonia serves as a single fuel source, operation and power generation of the ammonia engine are achieved, the power generation requirement is met, and meanwhile carbon emission is effectively reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of generators, and in particular to a small generator system using ammonia as a single fuel source. Background Art

[0002] Hydrogen energy is a secondary clean energy that has been developed and utilized at an accelerated pace in recent years. Using hydrogen to replace fossil fuels is considered to be one of the effective ways to reduce CO2 emissions, but the storage and transportation of hydrogen energy still has problems that are difficult to solve in the short term. Ammonia, as a hydrogen storage medium, has advantages over hydrogen such as high energy density, easy liquefaction, and easy storage and transportation. Moreover, after being fully burned as an engine fuel, the products are only nitrogen and water, and no greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide are produced, so it has good application prospects.

[0003] Through prior art search, there are the following known technical solutions: Prior art 1: A pure ammonia powered engine system Application number: CN202211391648.7, application date: 2022.11.08, publication (announcement) date: 2023.03.07.

[0004] Prior art 1 discloses a pure ammonia powered engine system, including an ammonia storage device, an ammonia thermal cracking device, an ammonia fuel engine, a generator and a battery; the ammonia storage device is connected to the ammonia thermal cracking device and the ammonia fuel engine through gas circuits; the gas circuit at the outlet of the ammonia thermal cracking device is connected to the ammonia fuel engine, which is used to provide the explosion stroke combustion of the ammonia fuel engine; the tail gas circuit of the ammonia fuel engine is connected to the ammonia thermal cracking device, and the output end of the ammonia fuel engine is mechanically connected to the generator, the output end of the generator is electrically connected to the battery, and the battery is electrically connected to the electric heating wire arranged in the ammonia thermal cracking device, and the battery is electrically connected to the control system. The system forms a closed-loop system, which helps to significantly reduce the emission of various air pollutants and effectively reduce carbon emissions; at the same time, the electric heating wire arranged in the ammonia thermal cracking device heats its internal space under the power supply of the battery to meet the temperature required for ammonia cracking.

[0005] However, the waste heat of tail gas in the prior art 1 is not enough to provide the heat required for the cracking of fuel ammonia, which requires a battery with a larger reserve power to heat the electric heating wire. On the other hand, the system purifies the mixed gas after cracking with hydrogen, and then the ammonia and hydrogen are respectively introduced into the engine for combustion. In this case, the system requires a hydrogen purification and storage device, which is too costly and is not conducive to its practical application.

[0006] Prior art 2: A green electricity hydrogen-ammonia generator with off-grid power supply guarantee Application number: CN202322042217.6, application date: 2023.07.28, publication (announcement) date: 2024.01.16.

[0007] Prior art 2 discloses a green electricity hydrogen and ammonia off-grid power supply all-ammonia generator, including an all-ammonia generator body and a hydrogen / nitrogen / ammonia system, the hydrogen / nitrogen / ammonia system including a water electrolysis hydrogen production unit module and a nitrogen production unit module, the all-ammonia generator body including a liquid ammonia storage tank, a fuel mixer and an ammonia generator set, the water electrolysis hydrogen production unit module and the nitrogen production unit module are respectively connected to a liquid hydrogen storage tank and a liquid nitrogen storage tank, the discharge ends of the liquid hydrogen storage tank and the liquid nitrogen storage tank are connected to the same synthetic ammonia unit module, and the discharge end of the synthetic ammonia unit module is connected and fixed with an isolation valve 1. The utility model ensures the power supply of the local power grid through an all-ammonia generator using ammonia as fuel, starts when wind and solar resources are insufficient to provide backup power, uses ammonia produced and stored on site as energy, and can use ammonia as a long-term energy storage medium without relying on external energy input to provide local power supply and meet usage needs.

[0008] However, the prior art 2 adopts an intake method in which the fuel and air are premixed before being introduced into the engine, which has a large volume. Pre-mixing in advance may cause ignition difficulties, and uneven mixing may cause unstable and insufficient combustion.

[0009] Through the above search, it is found that the above technical solutions do not affect the novelty of the present invention; and the mutual combination of the above prior arts does not destroy the creativity of the present invention. Summary of the invention

[0010] In order to avoid the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a small generator system using ammonia as a single fuel source.

[0011] The present invention adopts the following technical solution to solve the technical problem: a small generator system using ammonia as a single fuel source, comprising an ammonia storage device, an ammonia cracker, a generator, an ammonia engine and a buffer tank, wherein the ammonia storage device is used to store and supply ammonia to the ammonia cracker, and ammonia enters the buffer tank as fuel for the engine after being cracked by the ammonia cracker, driving the engine to drive the generator to work and output electrical energy, and also comprising a plasma-assisted ammonia burner, a blower and a plasma power supply; The plasma-assisted ammonia burner comprises an outer cylinder, an inner cylinder, a plasma generator and a mounting seat, all of which are hollow structures; The front end of the outer cylinder is blocked, the rear end is the burner exhaust outlet, and the front side wall is connected to set the secondary air inlet; the inner cylinder is located in the outer cylinder, and the rear side wall of the inner cylinder is penetrated to set the inner cylinder swirl holes that connect the inside with the outside; The plasma generator is located in the mounting seat and is fixed by the mounting seat. The front end of the plasma generator is a primary air inlet, and the rear end is connected to the front end of the inner tube. The front end of the mounting seat is blocked, and the rear end is sealed and connected to the front end of the inner tube. The rear side wall is connected to the burner ammonia inlet. The primary air inlet and the secondary air inlet are respectively connected to the air outlet of the blower, and a secondary air inlet valve is provided between the secondary air inlet and the air outlet of the blower; The plasma power supply is electrically connected to the power supply, and the plasma power supply is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the plasma generator through a wire, and its active end is located in the plasma generator; The outlet of the ammonia storage device is communicated with the cracker ammonia inlet and the burner ammonia inlet of the ammonia cracker, respectively, and a cracker ammonia inlet valve and a burner ammonia inlet valve are respectively connected between the outlet of the ammonia storage device and the cracker ammonia inlet and the burner ammonia inlet; The cracker ammonia outlet of the ammonia cracker is communicated with the inlet of the buffer tank, and the outlet of the buffer tank is communicated with the ammonia injection valve of the ammonia engine; The burner tail gas outlet is connected to the cracker tail gas inlet of the ammonia cracker, and the tail gas flowing out of the burner tail gas outlet is heat-exchanged with the catalyst arranged in the ammonia cracker, so that the catalyst is heated and then flows out from the cracker tail gas outlet of the ammonia cracker.

[0012] Further, it also includes a mounting plate and a swirl ring; The front end of the outer cylinder is blocked by the mounting plate, and the front end of the inner cylinder is fixedly mounted on the mounting plate. The plasma generator is mounted and fixed on the mounting plate via the mounting seat; The rear end of the plasma generator is a plasma nozzle, and a gap is formed between the plasma generator and the mounting seat. The front end of the inner cylinder is a hollow truncated cone structure with a diameter increasing from front to back. The cyclone ring is an annular structure, located between the ammonia inlet of the burner and the front end of the inner cylinder, and is installed in the gap by clamping. Cyclone ring holes are arranged on the circumference thereof and are arranged to pass through the axial direction of the plasma generator.

[0013] Further, it also includes a cyclone seat; The rear end of the inner cylinder is the cyclone seat which is a hollow truncated cone-shaped structure with a decreasing diameter from front to back.

[0014] Furthermore, it also includes swirl teeth and combustion stabilizing teeth; The swirl teeth are arranged circumferentially on the outer side of the side wall of the swirl seat, and the combustion stabilizing teeth with inner convex block structure are arranged circumferentially on the inner side wall; the swirl teeth are in a helical tooth structure and are arranged in a vortex shape.

[0015] Furthermore, the ammonia cracker comprises a shell with a hollow structure and a pipeline arranged in the shell; A cracking chamber which is not connected to the pipeline and is only used for heat exchange is formed in the shell, and a catalyst for catalytic cracking of ammonia is built in the cracking chamber; The shell is provided with a cracker ammonia inlet and a cracker ammonia outlet as the inlet and outlet of the cracking chamber respectively; The inlet and outlet of the pipeline are respectively the cracker tail gas inlet and the cracker tail gas outlet, and the cracker tail gas inlet extends out of the shell.

[0016] Further, the pipeline includes a combustion tube, a bellows, a rear cavity, a heat exchange tube and a front cavity which are connected in sequence, and the inlet of the combustion tube and the outlet of the front cavity serve as the inlet of the cracker tail gas and the outlet of the cracker tail gas respectively; Heat exchange fins are densely arranged outside the combustion tube and the heat exchange tube.

[0017] Furthermore, the rear cavity and the front cavity are arranged outside the shell in a close relationship, and are located on a side away from the tail gas inlet of the cracker; The number of the heat exchange tubes is at least two, and they are in a curved tube structure with both ends on the same side. Each of the heat exchange tubes is connected in parallel between the rear cavity and the front cavity.

[0018] Furthermore, the two ends of the shell are hollow truncated cone structures with a diameter decreasing from the middle to the end parts, and the large-diameter ends of the two hollow truncated cone structures are provided with mesh plates to cover the flow cross-section, and the cracking chamber is formed between the two mesh plates; the cracker ammonia inlet and the cracker ammonia outlet are respectively opened at the small-diameter end faces of the two hollow truncated cone structures.

[0019] Further, it also includes an inverter and a battery; The storage battery is electrically connected to the generator and is used to store the electric energy output by the generator; the storage battery also serves as a power supply and is electrically connected to the blower, the plasma power supply and the igniter of the engine.

[0020] Furthermore, it also includes a heat exchanger and a heat insulation cover provided between the ammonia storage device and the ammonia cracker and the plasma-assisted ammonia burner; The heat exchanger is provided with an ammonia inlet of the heat exchanger, an ammonia outlet of the heat exchanger, an exhaust gas inlet of the heat exchanger and an exhaust gas outlet of the heat exchanger, and is provided with an ammonia channel and an exhaust gas channel which are not connected to each other and perform heat exchange, the ammonia channel is connected between the ammonia inlet of the heat exchanger and the ammonia outlet of the heat exchanger, and the exhaust gas channel is connected between the exhaust gas inlet of the heat exchanger and the exhaust gas outlet of the heat exchanger; The heat-insulating cover is arranged outside the ammonia storage device, and has an interlayer, which is heat-insulated from the outside and performs heat exchange with the ammonia storage device; the heat-insulating cover inlet and the heat-insulating cover outlet which are connected with the interlayer are arranged on the heat-insulating cover; The outlet of the ammonia storage device is communicated with the ammonia inlet of the heat exchanger, the ammonia outlet of the heat exchanger is communicated with the ammonia inlet of the cracker and the ammonia inlet of the burner respectively, and the ammonia inlet valve of the cracker and the ammonia inlet valve of the burner are respectively located between the ammonia outlet of the heat exchanger and the ammonia inlet of the cracker and the ammonia inlet of the burner; The tail gas outlet of the cracker and the tail gas outlet of the ammonia engine are connected to the tail gas inlet of the heat exchanger, the tail gas outlet of the heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the heat preservation cover, and the tail gas in the interlayer is discharged from the outlet of the heat preservation cover.

[0021] The present invention provides a small generator system using ammonia as a single fuel source, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. The self-contained closed-loop power generation system of the present invention realizes the operation and power generation of the ammonia engine under the premise of using ammonia as the sole fuel source, which not only meets the power generation demand but also effectively reduces carbon emissions.

[0022] 2. The plasma-assisted ammonia burner of the present invention activates primary air through high-voltage discharge, making ammonia easier to ignite. Even if all the intake air is liquid ammonia at the initial start-up of the plasma-assisted ammonia burner, it can still be ignited, thus solving the cold start problem of the generator system.

[0023] 3. After the system operation of the plasma-assisted ammonia burner of the present invention is stable, the plasma power supply is turned off, and no additional plasma-assisted ammonia combustion is required. The ammonia can continue to be self-sustainingly burned to provide heat for ammonia cracking, thereby greatly reducing power consumption.

[0024] 4. The present invention collects the tail gas of the ammonia engine and the tail gas of the plasma-assisted ammonia burner, vaporizes and preheats the liquid ammonia using the tail gas heat exchanger, increases the temperature of the ammonia entering the cracking branch, and greatly improves the efficiency of ammonia cracking.

[0025] 5. Preheat the ammonia storage device by collecting the exhaust gas from the exhaust gas outlet of the exhaust heat exchanger, increase the temperature of the ammonia storage device, and increase the internal pressure of the ammonia storage device, which is conducive to the smooth outflow of liquid ammonia.

[0026] 6. The present invention is equipped with an electronically controlled valve for ammonia, and the whole system is automatically controlled and can also be remotely controlled, which is conducive to remote monitoring and management.

[0027] 7. The present invention can achieve fuel replenishment by replacing the ammonia storage device, which is extremely convenient and conducive to the mobile design of the generator system, so that the generator system can better adapt to the needs of mobile applications such as 5G base station power supply, outdoor activity mobile power supply, etc. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of an axonometric cross-sectional structure of a plasma-assisted ammonia burner of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a half-section front view structural schematic diagram of the ammonia cracker and plasma-assisted ammonia burner of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure at BB of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure at CC of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure at EE of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the flow direction of ammonia, primary air and secondary air in the plasma-assisted ammonia burner of the present invention.

[0029] In the figure: 1. Ammonia storage device; 2. Tail gas heat exchanger, 2-1. Heat exchanger ammonia inlet, 2-2. Heat exchanger ammonia outlet, 2-3. Heat exchanger tail gas inlet, 2-4. Heat exchanger tail gas outlet; 3. Ammonia cracker, 3-1. Shell, 3-11. Cracker ammonia inlet, 3-12. Cracker ammonia outlet, 3-13. Cracking chamber, 3-14. Mesh plate, 3-2. Pipeline, 3-21. Cracker tail gas inlet, 3-22. Cracker tail gas outlet, 3-23. Combustion tube, 3-24. Bellows, 3-25. Rear cavity, 3-26. Heat exchange tube, 3-27. Front cavity; 4. Plasma-assisted ammonia burner, 4-1. Outer cylinder, 4-11. Secondary air inlet, 4-12. Burner tail gas outlet, 4-2. Inner cylinder, 4-21, cyclone hole of inner cylinder, 4-22, cyclone seat, 4-23, cyclone tooth, 4-24, combustion stabilizing tooth, 4-3, plasma generator, 4-31, primary air inlet, 4-4, mounting plate, 4-5, mounting seat, 4-51, burner ammonia inlet, 4-6, cyclone ring, 4-61, cyclone ring hole, 4-7, positioning seat; 5, temperature sensor; 6, blower; 7, plasma power supply; 8, inverter; 9, battery; 10, generator; 11, ammonia engine, 11-1, ammonia injection valve, 11-2, igniter; 14, buffer tank; 15, air proportion valve; 16, insulation cover; 17, cracker ammonia inlet valve; 18, load; 19, burner ammonia inlet valve; 20, secondary air inlet valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in combination with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] like Figure 1 to Figure 6 As shown, the structural relationship is as follows: a small generator system using ammonia as a single fuel source, including an ammonia storage device 1, an ammonia cracker 3, a generator 10, an ammonia engine 11 and a buffer tank 14, wherein the ammonia storage device 1 is used to store and supply ammonia to the ammonia cracker 3, and the ammonia enters the buffer tank 14 as fuel for the engine 11 after being cracked by the ammonia cracker 3, and drives the engine 11 to drive the generator 10 to work and output electrical energy, and also includes a plasma-assisted ammonia burner 4, a blower 6 and a plasma power supply 7; The plasma-assisted ammonia burner 4 includes an outer cylinder 4-1, an inner cylinder 4-2, a plasma generator 4-3 and a mounting seat 4-5, all of which are hollow structures; The front end of the outer tube 4-1 is blocked, the rear end is the burner tail gas outlet 4-12, and the front side wall is connected to the secondary air inlet 4-11; the inner tube 4-2 is located in the outer tube 4-1, and the rear side wall of the inner tube 4-2 is penetrated to form each inner tube swirl hole 4-21 connecting the inside with the outside; The plasma generator 4-3 is located in the mounting seat 4-5 and is fixed by the mounting seat 4-5. The front end of the plasma generator 4-3 is a primary air inlet 4-31, and the rear end is connected to the front end of the inner tube 4-2; the front end of the mounting seat 4-5 is blocked, and the rear end is sealed and connected to the front end of the inner tube 4-2, and the rear side wall is connected to the burner ammonia inlet 4-52; In actual setting, the middle part of the plasma generator 4-3 is preferably convex to form a sealing edge structure, which is sealed to the front end of the mounting seat 4-5, and a gasket is provided between the two, and is installed and fixed with a threaded connector; The primary air inlet 4-31 and the secondary air inlet 4-11 are respectively connected to the air outlet of the blower 6, and a secondary air inlet valve 20 is provided between the secondary air inlet 4-11 and the air outlet of the blower 6; The plasma-assisted ammonia burner 4 is a staged burner, and the secondary air is fed into the burner through the secondary air inlet 4-11. The proportion of the secondary air can be adjusted by adjusting the total cross-sectional area of ​​each inner cylinder cyclone hole 4-21 and the total cross-sectional area of ​​each cyclone tooth 4-23. The plasma power supply 7 is electrically connected to the power supply, and the plasma power supply 7 is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the plasma generator through a wire, and its active end is located in the plasma generator; The outlet of the ammonia storage device 1 is respectively connected to the cracker ammonia inlet 3-11 and the burner ammonia inlet 4-52 of the ammonia cracker 3, and the outlet of the ammonia storage device 1 is also connected to the cracker ammonia inlet 3-11 and the burner ammonia inlet 4-52 respectively with a cracker ammonia inlet valve 17 and a burner ammonia inlet valve 19; The cracker ammonia outlet 3 - 12 of the ammonia cracker 3 is communicated with the inlet of the buffer tank 14 , and the outlet of the buffer tank 14 is communicated with the ammonia injection valve 11 - 1 of the ammonia engine 11 ; The burner tail gas outlet 4-12 is connected to the cracker tail gas inlet 3-21 of the ammonia cracker 3. The tail gas flowing out of the burner tail gas outlet 4-12 exchanges heat with the catalyst arranged in the ammonia cracker 3, so that the catalyst is heated and flows out from the cracker tail gas outlet 3-22 of the ammonia cracker 3.

[0032] In actual setting, the outer cylinder 4-1, the inner cylinder 4-2, the plasma generator 4-3 and the mounting seat 4-5 are preferably coaxially arranged, and each interface is preferably connected with a flange structure, and a gasket is provided at the connection.

[0033] Preferably, it also includes a mounting plate 4-4 and a swirl ring 4-6; The front end of the outer tube 4-1 is blocked by the mounting plate 4-4, and the front end of the inner tube 4-2 is fixedly mounted on the mounting plate 4-4. In actual setting, in order to ensure the axial installation position of the inner cylinder 4-2, a positioning seat 4-7 is preferably provided between the front end of the inner cylinder 4-2 and the installation disk 4-4, and the positioning seat 4-7 can be installed and fixed with the installation disk 4-4 through a threaded connector; The plasma generator 4-3 is fixedly mounted on the mounting plate 4-4 via the mounting seat 4-5; The rear end of the plasma generator 4-3 is a plasma nozzle, and the plasma generated by the plasma generator is ejected from the plasma nozzle; a gap is formed between the mounting seat 4-5, and the front end of the inner tube 4-2 is a hollow truncated cone structure with a diameter increasing from front to back; the cyclone ring 4-6 is an annular structure, located between the burner ammonia inlet 4-52 and the front end of the inner tube 4-2, and is installed in the gap with a snap fit, and cyclone ring holes 4-61 are opened on the circumference thereof and are arranged to pass through the axial direction of the plasma generator 4-3.

[0034] The swirl ring 4-6 makes the ammonia form a swirling airflow after passing through the swirl ring 4-6. The airflow not only has an axial velocity, but also has a tangential component velocity, so that the ammonia and air are mixed more fully and evenly.

[0035] Preferably, it also includes a cyclone seat 4-22; The rear end of the inner cylinder 4-2 is a cyclone seat 4-22 with a hollow frustum-shaped structure whose diameter decreases from front to back.

[0036] Preferably, it also includes a swirl tooth 4-23 and a combustion stabilizing tooth 4-24; The swirl teeth 4-23 are arranged circumferentially on the outer side wall of the swirl seat 4-22, and the combustion stabilizing teeth 4-33 with inner convex block structure are arranged circumferentially on the inner side wall; the swirl teeth 4-23 are of a helical tooth structure and are arranged in a vortex shape.

[0037] The airflow forms a certain concentration of ammonia gas near the combustion stabilizing teeth, and the combustion stabilizing teeth generate hot flue gas reflux at the nozzle end of the inner tube to increase the flame temperature; the inner convex block structure is preferably in the shape of a cubic block; The airflow passes through the swirl teeth 4-23 to form a rotating airflow. The rotating airflow has not only an axial velocity but also a tangential velocity, so that the ammonia and air in the airflow are mixed more fully and evenly.

[0038] Preferably, the ammonia cracker 3 comprises a shell 3-1 of a hollow structure and a pipeline 3-2 arranged in the shell 3-1; A cracking chamber 3-13 is formed in the shell 3-1. The cracking chamber 3-13 is not connected to the pipeline and is only used for heat exchange. The cracking chamber 3-13 contains a catalyst for catalytic cracking of ammonia. The catalyst catalytically cracks ammonia at a temperature of 450°C-650°C; The shell 3-1 is provided with a cracker ammonia inlet 3-11 and a cracker ammonia outlet 3-12 serving as the inlet and outlet of the cracking chamber 3-13 respectively; The inlet and outlet of the pipeline 3-2 are the cracker tail gas inlet 3-21 and the cracker tail gas outlet 3-22 respectively, and the cracker tail gas inlet 3-21 extends out of the shell 3-1.

[0039] Preferably, the pipeline 3-2 includes a combustion tube 3-23, a bellows 3-24, a rear cavity 3-25, a heat exchange tube 3-26 and a front cavity 3-27 which are connected in sequence, and the inlet of the combustion tube 3-23 and the outlet of the front cavity 3-27 serve as the cracker tail gas inlet 3-21 and the cracker tail gas outlet 3-22 respectively; The combustion tube 3-23 and the heat exchange tube 3-26 are densely covered with heat exchange fins.

[0040] In actual settings, the catalyst is preferably a nickel-based, iron-based or ruthenium-based catalyst in the form of spherical particles with a diameter preferably between 2 and 6 mm; the spacing / pitch between adjacent heat exchange fins is greater than the diameter of the spherical particles, so that the catalyst can be filled between the heat exchange fins.

[0041] Preferably, the rear cavity 3-25 and the front cavity 3-27 are fitted outside the shell 3-1, and are located on a side away from the cracker tail gas inlet 3-21; The number of heat exchange tubes 3-26 is at least two, and they are in a curved tube structure with both ends on the same side. Each heat exchange tube 3-26 is connected in parallel between the rear cavity 3-25 and the front cavity 3-27.

[0042] In actual configuration, the rear cavity 3-25 and the front cavity 3-27 can be configured as a semi-cylindrical cavity as a whole, separated by a transverse partition; the heat exchange tube 3-26 is preferably a U-shaped tube, five of which are arranged in parallel.

[0043] Preferably, both ends of the shell 3-1 are hollow truncated cone-shaped structures whose diameter decreases from the middle to the ends, and mesh plates 3-14 are set at the large-diameter ends of the two hollow truncated cone-shaped structures to cover the flow cross-section, and a cracking chamber 3-13 is formed between the two mesh plates 3-14; the cracker ammonia inlet 3-11 and the cracker ammonia outlet 3-12 are respectively opened at the small-diameter end faces of the two hollow truncated cone-shaped structures.

[0044] Preferably, it also includes an inverter 8 and a battery 9; The battery 9 is electrically connected to the generator 10 and is used to store the electric energy output by the generator 10 ; the battery 9 also serves as a power supply and is electrically connected to the blower 6 , the plasma power supply 7 and the igniter 11 - 2 of the engine 11 .

[0045] In actual configuration, in addition to the battery 9, the generator system can also be connected to other loads 18 through the inverter 8 to directly supply power to the power load 18; at the same time, the air intake of the generator 10 is preferably equipped with an air proportional valve 15; The generator system is preferably equipped with a control unit that can be referred to in the prior art. A temperature sensor 5 is provided at the burner tail gas outlet 4-12, and a temperature sensor mounting hole is preferably provided on the side wall of the combustion tube 3-23 to install a fixed temperature sensor; the ammonia injection valve 11-1, the air proportional valve 15, the cracker ammonia inlet valve 17, the burner ammonia inlet valve 19 and the secondary air inlet valve 20 are preferably all electrically controlled valves, which are controlled by the control unit; In addition, the ammonia injection valve 11-1, the cracker ammonia inlet valve 17 and the burner ammonia inlet valve 19 are special valves for ammonia. The parts of their structures that come into contact with ammonia should be made of ammonia-resistant materials, and the seals are preferably made of polytetrafluoroethylene materials; the solenoid valve coil needs to be copper-free, and stainless steel materials are preferred.

[0046] Preferably, it also includes a heat exchanger 2 disposed between the ammonia storage device 1 and the ammonia cracker 3 and the plasma-assisted ammonia burner 4, and a heat-insulating cover 16; The heat exchanger 2 is provided with a heat exchanger ammonia inlet 2-1, a heat exchanger ammonia outlet 2-2, a heat exchanger tail gas inlet 2-3 and a heat exchanger tail gas outlet 2-4, and is provided with an ammonia channel and a tail gas channel which are not connected to each other and perform heat exchange, the ammonia channel is connected between the heat exchanger ammonia inlet 2-1 and the heat exchanger ammonia outlet 2-2, and the tail gas channel is connected between the heat exchanger tail gas inlet 2-3 and the heat exchanger tail gas outlet 2-4; The heat preservation cover 16 is arranged outside the ammonia storage device 1 and has an interlayer, which is heat-insulated from the outside and performs heat exchange with the ammonia storage device 1; the heat preservation cover 16 is provided with a heat preservation cover inlet and a heat preservation cover outlet which are connected with the interlayer; The outlet of the ammonia storage device 1 is connected to the heat exchanger ammonia inlet 2-1, and the heat exchanger ammonia outlet 2-2 is connected to the cracker ammonia inlet 3-11 and the burner ammonia inlet 4-52 respectively. The cracker ammonia inlet valve 17 and the burner ammonia inlet valve 19 are respectively located between the heat exchanger ammonia outlet 2-2 and the cracker ammonia inlet 3-11 and the burner ammonia inlet 4-52; The tail gas outlet 3-22 of the cracker and the tail gas outlet of the ammonia engine 11 are connected to the tail gas inlet 2-3 of the heat exchanger, and the tail gas outlet 2-4 of the heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the insulation cover, and the tail gas in the interlayer is discharged from the outlet of the insulation cover.

[0047] The specific working process of the above-mentioned small generator system using ammonia as the sole fuel source is as follows: The first step is to start the generator system, the blower 6 works, and the primary air enters the plasma generator 4-3 through the primary air inlet 4-31.

[0048] The second step is to start the inverter 8 and the plasma power supply 7. The plasma power supply 7 acts on the plasma generator 4-3 to generate high-temperature air plasma by high-voltage discharge and decomposition of the primary air in the plasma generator 4-3.

[0049] The third step is to open the outlet of the ammonia storage device 1 and the burner ammonia inlet valve 19, and the ammonia (ammonia gas / liquid ammonia / gas-liquid two-phase ammonia) is decompressed. The ammonia channel flowing through the heat exchanger 2 is passed into the plasma-assisted ammonia burner 4 through the burner ammonia inlet 4-51, and the high-temperature air plasma is ejected from the plasma nozzle into the plasma-assisted ammonia burner 4. The two are evenly mixed in the inner cylinder 4-2 under the action of the cyclone ring 4-6 and the ammonia is ignited; At this time, the temperature sensor 5 detects the temperature change and feeds back a signal.

[0050] The fourth step is to open the secondary air inlet valve 20, and the secondary air is introduced into the plasma-assisted ammonia burner 4 through the secondary air inlet 4-11. A part of the secondary air enters the inner cylinder 4-2 through the inner cylinder swirl hole 4-21 and is fully burned with ammonia. The other part flows through the swirl tooth 4-23 and enters the combustion tube 3-23 of the ammonia cracker 3 and continues to burn with ammonia in the combustion tube 3-23. At this time, the temperature sensor 5 detects a temperature value with a small fluctuation range and greater than 800°C, and feeds back a signal; The flow paths of primary air, secondary air and ammonia in the plasma-assisted ammonia burner 4 are shown in the attached Figure 7 , where S1 is the primary air flow path, S2 is the secondary air flow path, and S3 is the ammonia flow path.

[0051] In the fifth step, the high-temperature tail gas generated by the combustion flows through the combustion tube 3-23, the bellows 3-24, the rear cavity 3-25, each heat exchange tube 3-26 and the front cavity 3-27 in sequence, and then flows out of the ammonia cracker 3 from the cracker tail gas outlet 3-22 and enters the tail gas heat exchanger 2 through the heat exchanger tail gas inlet 2-3; in this process, the high-temperature tail gas exchanges heat with the catalyst in the cracking cavity 3-13 through the heat exchange fins until the catalyst absorbs heat and heats up to the set temperature; Subsequently, the cracker ammonia inlet valve 17 is opened, and the ammonia in the ammonia storage device 1 is depressurized and flows through the ammonia channel of the heat exchanger 2, and enters the cracking chamber 3-13 through the cracker ammonia inlet 3-11. The high-temperature exhaust gas simultaneously exchanges heat with the catalyst and ammonia through the heat exchange fins, so that the ammonia absorbs heat and heats up and is catalytically cracked into an ammonia-hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas containing a certain hydrogen concentration.

[0052] Step 6: The ammonia-hydrogen-nitrogen mixture flows out of the ammonia cracker from the cracker ammonia outlet 3-12 and enters the buffer tank 14. After the ammonia-hydrogen mixture in the buffer tank 14 reaches a certain pressure value, the ammonia engine 11 is started, and the ammonia-hydrogen-nitrogen mixture is sprayed into the cylinder of the ammonia engine 11 through the ammonia injection valve 11-1. Air is sucked into the cylinder through the air proportional valve 15 and then ignited by the igniter 11-2. The ammonia engine 11 starts to work, and the exhaust gas generated enters the exhaust gas heat exchanger 2 through the exhaust gas inlet 2-3 of the heat exchanger. In the seventh step, the ammonia engine 11 works to drive the generator 10 to generate electricity, and the generated electric energy is stored in the battery 9, which is connected to the power-consuming components and load 18 in the system through the inverter 8 to supply power to the power-consuming components and load 18 in the system.

[0053] In the above process, the exhaust gas entering the heat exchanger 2 in the fifth and sixth steps exchanges heat with the ammonia in the ammonia channel in the exhaust gas channel, causing the liquid ammonia to absorb heat, heat up, and vaporize, and then flows into the interlayer of the insulation cover 16 through the exhaust gas outlet 2-4 of the heat exchanger and the insulation cover inlet, preheating the ammonia storage device 1, and finally discharged from the insulation cover outlet.

[0054] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprise a ..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the elements.

[0055] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features may be replaced by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A small-scale generator system using ammonia as a single fuel source, comprising an ammonia storage device (1), an ammonia cracker (3), a generator (10), an ammonia engine (11) and a buffer tank (14), wherein the ammonia storage device (1) is used to store and supply ammonia to the ammonia cracker (3), and ammonia is cracked by the ammonia cracker (3) and enters the buffer tank (14) as fuel for the engine (11), driving the engine (11) to drive the generator (10) to work and output electrical energy, characterized in that: Also included is a plasma-assisted ammonia burner (4), a blower (6) and a plasma power supply (7); The plasma-assisted ammonia burner (4) comprises an outer cylinder (4-1), an inner cylinder (4-2), a plasma generator (4-3), and a mounting seat (4-5), all of which are hollow structures; The front end of the outer cylinder (4-1) is blocked, the rear end is the burner exhaust outlet (4-12), and the front side wall is connected to a secondary air inlet (4-11); the inner cylinder (4-2) is located inside the outer cylinder (4-1), and the rear side wall of the inner cylinder (4-2) is penetrated to form inner cylinder swirl holes (4-21) that connect the inside with the outside; The plasma generator (4-3) is located in the mounting seat (4-5) and is fixedly mounted by the mounting seat (4-5); the front end of the plasma generator (4-3) is a primary air inlet (4-31), and the rear end is connected to the front end of the inner tube (4-2); the front end of the mounting seat (4-5) is blocked, the rear end is sealed and connected to the front end of the inner tube (4-2), and the rear side wall is connected to the burner ammonia inlet (4-52); The primary air inlet (4-31) and the secondary air inlet (4-11) are respectively connected to the air outlet of the blower (6), and a secondary air inlet valve (20) is provided between the secondary air inlet (4-11) and the air outlet of the blower (6); The plasma power supply (7) is electrically connected to the power supply, and the plasma power supply (7) is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the plasma generator through a wire, and its active end is located in the plasma generator; The outlet of the ammonia storage device (1) is respectively connected to the cracker ammonia inlet (3-11) and the burner ammonia inlet (4-52) of the ammonia cracker (3), and a cracker ammonia inlet valve (17) and a burner ammonia inlet valve (19) are respectively connected between the outlet of the ammonia storage device (1) and the cracker ammonia inlet (3-11) and the burner ammonia inlet (4-52); The cracker ammonia outlet (3-12) of the ammonia cracker (3) is communicated with the inlet of the buffer tank (14), and the outlet of the buffer tank (14) is communicated with the ammonia injection valve (11-1) of the ammonia engine (11); The burner tail gas outlet (4-12) is connected to the cracker tail gas inlet (3-21) of the ammonia cracker (3), and the tail gas flowing out of the burner tail gas outlet (4-12) is heat-exchanged with the catalyst arranged in the ammonia cracker (3), so that the catalyst is heated and then flows out from the cracker tail gas outlet (3-22) of the ammonia cracker (3).

2. A small-scale generator system using ammonia as a single fuel source according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes a mounting plate (4-4) and a cyclone ring (4-6); The front end of the outer cylinder (4-1) is blocked by the mounting plate (4-4), and the front end of the inner cylinder (4-2) is fixedly mounted on the mounting plate (4-4). The plasma generator (4-3) is mounted and fixed on the mounting plate (4-4) via the mounting seat (4-5); The rear end of the plasma generator (4-3) is a plasma nozzle, and a gap is formed between the plasma generator (4-3) and the mounting seat (4-5). The front end of the inner cylinder (4-2) is a hollow truncated cone structure with a diameter increasing from front to back. The cyclone ring (4-6) is an annular structure, located between the burner ammonia inlet (4-52) and the front end of the inner cylinder (4-2), and is mounted in the gap in a snap-fit ​​manner. Cyclone ring holes (4-61) are provided on the circumference of the cyclone ring and are arranged to penetrate along the axial direction of the plasma generator (4-3).

3. A small-scale generator system using ammonia as a single fuel source according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also included is a cyclone seat (4-22); The rear end of the inner cylinder (4-2) is the cyclone seat (4-22) which is a hollow truncated cone-shaped structure with a decreasing diameter from front to back.

4. A small-scale generator system using ammonia as a single fuel source according to claim 3, characterized in that: Also included are a swirl tooth (4-23) and a combustion stabilizing tooth (4-24); The swirl teeth (4-23) are arranged circumferentially on the outer side of the side wall of the swirl seat (4-22), and the combustion stabilizing teeth (4-33) with inner convex block structures are arranged circumferentially on the inner side wall; the swirl teeth (4-23) are in a helical tooth structure and are arranged in a vortex shape.

5. A small-scale generator system using ammonia as a single fuel source according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ammonia cracker (3) comprises a shell (3-1) with a hollow structure and a pipeline (3-2) arranged in the shell (3-1); A cracking chamber (3-13) is formed in the shell (3-1) and is not connected to the pipeline and is only used for heat exchange. The cracking chamber (3-13) contains a catalyst for catalytic cracking of ammonia. The shell (3-1) is provided with a cracker ammonia inlet (3-11) and a cracker ammonia outlet (3-12) serving as the inlet and outlet of the cracking chamber (3-13), respectively; The inlet and outlet of the pipeline (3-2) are respectively a cracker tail gas inlet (3-21) and a cracker tail gas outlet (3-22), and the cracker tail gas inlet (3-21) extends out of the shell (3-1).

6. A small-scale generator system using ammonia as a single fuel source according to claim 5, characterized in that: The pipeline (3-2) comprises a combustion tube (3-23), a bellows (3-24), a rear cavity (3-25), a heat exchange tube (3-26) and a front cavity (3-27) which are connected in sequence, and the inlet of the combustion tube (3-23) and the outlet of the front cavity (3-27) serve as the cracker tail gas inlet (3-21) and the cracker tail gas outlet (3-22) respectively. Heat exchange fins are densely arranged outside the combustion tube (3-23) and the heat exchange tube (3-26).

7. A small-scale generator system using ammonia as a single fuel source according to claim 6, characterized in that: The rear cavity (3-25) and the front cavity (3-27) are arranged in close contact with each other outside the shell (3-1), and are located on a side away from the cracker tail gas inlet (3-21); The number of the heat exchange tubes (3-26) is at least two, and they are respectively in the form of curved tube structures with both ends on the same side, and each of the heat exchange tubes (3-26) is connected in parallel between the rear cavity (3-25) and the front cavity (3-27).

8. A small-scale generator system using ammonia as a single fuel source according to claim 5, characterized in that: Both ends of the shell (3-1) are hollow truncated cone-shaped structures whose diameter decreases from the middle to the ends, and mesh plates (3-14) are arranged at the large-diameter ends of the two hollow truncated cone-shaped structures to cover the flow cross-section, and the cracking chamber (3-13) is formed between the two mesh plates (3-14); the cracker ammonia inlet (3-11) and the cracker ammonia outlet (3-12) are respectively opened at the small-diameter end faces of the two hollow truncated cone-shaped structures.

9. The small-sized generator system of a fuel source according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an inverter (8) and a battery (9); The storage battery (9) is electrically connected to the generator (10) and is used to store the electric energy output by the generator (10); the storage battery (9) also serves as a power supply and is electrically connected to the blower (6), the plasma power supply (7) and the igniter (11-2) of the engine (11).

10. The small-sized generator system of a fuel source according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a heat exchanger (2) provided between the ammonia storage device (1), the ammonia cracker (3) and the plasma-assisted ammonia burner (4), and a heat insulation cover (16); The heat exchanger (2) is provided with a heat exchanger ammonia inlet (2-1), a heat exchanger ammonia outlet (2-2), a heat exchanger tail gas inlet (2-3) and a heat exchanger tail gas outlet (2-4), and is provided with an ammonia channel and a tail gas channel which are not connected to each other and perform heat exchange, the ammonia channel is connected between the heat exchanger ammonia inlet (2-1) and the heat exchanger ammonia outlet (2-2), and the tail gas channel is connected between the heat exchanger tail gas inlet (2-3) and the heat exchanger tail gas outlet (2-4); The heat-insulating cover (16) is arranged outside the ammonia storage device (1) and has an interlayer, which is heat-insulated from the outside and performs heat exchange with the ammonia storage device (1); the heat-insulating cover (16) is provided with a heat-insulating cover inlet and a heat-insulating cover outlet which are in communication with the interlayer; The outlet of the ammonia storage device (1) is in communication with the ammonia inlet (2-1) of the heat exchanger, the ammonia outlet (2-2) of the heat exchanger is in communication with the ammonia inlet (3-11) of the cracker and the ammonia inlet (4-52) of the burner, respectively, and the ammonia inlet valve (17) of the cracker and the ammonia inlet valve (19) of the burner are respectively located between the ammonia outlet (2-2) of the heat exchanger and the ammonia inlet (3-11) of the cracker and the ammonia inlet (4-52) of the burner; The cracker tail gas outlet (3-22) and the tail gas outlet of the ammonia engine (11) are connected to the heat exchanger tail gas inlet (2-3), the heat exchanger tail gas outlet (2-4) is connected to the insulation cover inlet, and the tail gas in the interlayer is discharged from the insulation cover outlet.

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