Flow self-adjusting nozzle and ejector thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of ejectors, in particular to a flow self-adjusting nozzle and an ejector thereof.The flow self-adjusting nozzle comprises a nozzle assembly and a switching assembly, the nozzle assembly comprises a first nozzle and a second nozzle, a second channel and a circulation hole are formed between the first nozzle and the second nozzle, and the switching assembly comprises a flow sensing ring, a rotary drum and a reset elastic part; the flow sensing ring can reciprocate in the axial direction under the action of fluid pressure, a switching hole is formed in the rotary drum, and the rotary drum rotates around the axis when the flow sensing ring exerts axial thrust on the rotary drum so that the switching hole can be aligned and communicated with the circulation hole, and fluid enters the first channel and the second channel at the same time. The reset elastic piece is used for driving the flow sensing ring and the rotary drum to reset when the fluid flow is reduced, the switching hole and the circulation hole are staggered at the moment, and the fluid enters the first channel; through the cooperation of the flow sensing plate and the rotary drum, the low-power working state and the high-power working state are automatically switched only depending on the fluid flow, the system structure is simplified, and the cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ejectors, and in particular to a flow self-regulating nozzle and an ejector thereof. Background Art

[0002] Under different power conditions, the ejector must adjust the nozzle size to control the dynamic flow of hydrogen. When operating at low power, the hydrogen flow is small and a small nozzle is required to maintain system efficiency. When operating at high power, a large nozzle must be switched to meet greater flow requirements.

[0003] At present, the mainstream ejectors mostly adopt a dual nozzle structure driven by solenoid valves or electric actuators, and switch the working state of large and small nozzles through external control signals such as electronic control unit instructions to adapt to different power requirements. For example, under low-power conditions, only the small nozzle is enabled to maintain a stable flow rate, and under high-power conditions, it is switched to a large nozzle or large and small nozzles in parallel to meet the flow rate increase requirements. However, this type of solution has the following problems: it relies on external control signals and requires the configuration of complex sensors, controllers and actuators, which not only increases the system cost, but also introduces potential electrical failure risks, especially in hydrogen environments, which may cause safety hazards; secondly, the response delay and reliability are insufficient, and the signal transmission and execution of the external control system are delayed, making it difficult to achieve accurate switching under transient conditions, resulting in hydrogen flow fluctuations and affecting the efficiency of the fuel cell stack. In addition, this type of structure is complex and has high maintenance costs. The integration of multiple components leads to an increase in the volume of the ejector, and components such as solenoid valves are prone to wear during long-term high-frequency switching and require regular maintenance or replacement. Therefore, traditional technology is dependent, so a self-regulating and simple-structured solution is needed. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: in order to solve the problem in the prior art that nozzle switching depends on external control or complex structure and it is difficult to take into account the requirements of reliability, response speed and lightweight, a flow self-regulating nozzle is provided.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: a flow self-regulating nozzle, comprising a nozzle assembly and a switching assembly;

[0006] The nozzle assembly comprises a first nozzle having a first channel formed therein and a second nozzle sleeved outside the first nozzle, wherein a second channel and a flow hole communicating with the second channel are formed between the first nozzle and the second nozzle;

[0007] The switching component has a flow cavity formed inside thereof and communicated with the first channel, and includes:

[0008] A flow sensing ring, which faces the fluid and can reciprocate along the axial direction under the action of the fluid pressure;

[0009] A rotating drum is arranged between the flow sensing ring and the nozzle assembly and has a switching hole at one end close to the nozzle assembly. When the flow sensing ring applies an axial thrust to the rotating drum, the rotating drum rotates around its axis so that the switching hole is aligned with the flow hole and is connected, and the fluid enters the first channel and the second channel at the same time.

[0010] and a reset elastic member, which is arranged between the flow sensing ring and the nozzle assembly to drive the flow sensing ring and the drum to reset when the fluid flow decreases. At this time, the switching hole and the flow hole are staggered, and the fluid enters the first channel.

[0011] Furthermore, a driving column is protruded from one side of the flow sensing ring close to the drum, and the drum is provided with a matching groove for the driving column to slide and convert the axial movement of the driving column into circumferential rotation of the drum.

[0012] Furthermore, the nozzle assembly further comprises an outer shell, wherein a jet flow channel communicating with the first channel and the second channel is formed inside the outer shell;

[0013] The switching assembly also includes an outer cylinder body fixed to the outer shell body, and an axial limiting portion for axially limiting the flow sensing ring is protruded from the inner peripheral wall of the outer cylinder body.

[0014] Furthermore, the inner circumferential wall of the outer cylinder and the outer circumferential wall of the flow sensing ring are respectively provided with a circumferential limiting portion and a circumferential limiting groove for sliding of the circumferential limiting portion.

[0015] Furthermore, a first flange is formed on one side of the first nozzle close to the drum and protrudes radially, and the flow hole is located on the first flange.

[0016] Furthermore, an inner peripheral wall of one end of the rotating drum close to the nozzle assembly protrudes radially to form a retaining ring, and the switching hole is located on the retaining ring.

[0017] Furthermore, the plurality of flow holes gradually approach each other along the direction from the switching assembly to the nozzle assembly.

[0018] Furthermore, the driving groove is an inclined groove or an arc groove.

[0019] Furthermore, abutment steps are formed on the sides where the flow sensing ring and the first nozzle are close to each other, and both ends of the reset elastic member abut against two limit steps respectively.

[0020] An ejector comprises the above-mentioned flow self-regulating nozzle.

[0021] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0022] 1. No external control signal is required: The present invention realizes automatic switching between low-power working state and high-power working state only depending on the size of fluid flow rate through the cooperation between the flow sensing plate and the drum, which simplifies the system structure and reduces the cost.

[0023] 2. Fast response speed: In the present invention, the fluid pressure directly acts on the flow sensing plate, which can quickly respond to flow changes and achieve accurate switching under transient conditions.

[0024] 3. High reliability: The present invention reduces complex mechanical structures and electrical components, reduces the maintenance cost and failure rate of the system, and reduces the use of external sensors, controllers and actuators, reducing the risk of electrical failure, especially in flammable and explosive environments such as hydrogen environments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention in a low power situation;

[0027] Figure 2 is a three-dimensional cutaway view of the present invention in a low-power condition;

[0028] Figure 3 is a split diagram of the nozzle assembly and the switching assembly of the present invention in a low power state;

[0029] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention in a high power situation;

[0030] Figure 5 is a three-dimensional cutaway view of the present invention in a high-power situation;

[0031] Figure 6 It is a separate diagram of the nozzle assembly and the switching assembly of the present invention in a high-power situation.

[0032] In the figure:

[0033] 1. first nozzle; 101. first channel; 102. first flange; 103. flow hole; 104. first injection port; 105. first inlet;

[0034] 2. second nozzle; 201. second channel; 202. second flange; 203. second injection port;

[0035] 3. flow sensing ring; 301. driving column; 302. circumferential limiting part;

[0036] 4. Rotating drum; 401. Matching groove; 402. Switching hole; 403. Retaining ring;

[0037] 5. Reset elastic member;

[0038] 6. outer shell; 601. jet flow channel; 602. secondary flow inlet;

[0039] 7. Outer cylinder; 701. Axial limiting portion; 702. Circumferential limiting groove; 703. Fluid main inlet;

[0040] 8. First sealing member;

[0041] 9. Second sealing member. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These drawings are simplified schematic diagrams that illustrate the basic structure of the present invention in a schematic manner, and therefore only show the components related to the present invention, and directions and references (e.g., up, down, left, right, etc.) may only be used to help describe the features in the drawings. Therefore, the following specific embodiments are not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the subject matter claimed is limited only by the attached claims and their equivalents.

[0043] like Figure 1-Figure 6 As shown, a flow self-regulating nozzle includes a nozzle assembly and a switching assembly;

[0044] The nozzle assembly comprises a first nozzle 1 having a first channel 101 formed therein and a second nozzle 2 sleeved outside the first nozzle 1. The first channel 101 extends axially along the first nozzle 1 and penetrates both end faces of the first nozzle 1 along its axial direction, and forms a first inlet 105 at the rear end, and forms a first injection port 104 at the front end (the “front and rear” here are set relative to the fluid injection direction). The fluid enters the first channel 101 from the first inlet 105 and is ejected from the first injection port 104. The first injection port 104 has a conical structure and its wall thickness is greater than that of the first channel 101.

[0045] A second channel 201 and a flow hole 103 communicating with the second channel 201 are formed between the first nozzle 1 and the second nozzle 2. The second channel 201 extends along the axial direction of the second nozzle 2 and penetrates the front end surface of the second nozzle 2 to form a second injection port 203. The flow hole 103 is located at the rear end of the second channel 201. There are a plurality of flow holes 103, which are distributed at intervals along the circumference of the second channel 201. The fluid enters the second channel 201 from the plurality of flow holes 103 and is ejected from the second injection port 203. The second injection port 203 has a conical structure and its wall thickness is greater than the wall thickness of the second channel 201.

[0046] The switching assembly has a flow cavity in communication with the first channel 101, and includes a flow sensing ring 3, a rotating drum 4 and a resetting elastic member 5:

[0047] The flow sensing ring 3 is directly opposite to the fluid and can reciprocate along the axial direction under the action of the fluid pressure. The rear end is the fluid main inlet 703. The flow sensing ring 3 is located on the flow path of the fluid entering from the fluid main inlet 703 and is used to sense the size of the fluid flow. The flow sensing ring 3 includes a ring body that interacts with the fluid and a central through groove located at the center of the ring body for the fluid to pass through.

[0048] The drum 4 is arranged between the flow sensing ring 3 and the nozzle assembly and is provided with a switching hole 402 at one end (i.e., the front end) close to the nozzle assembly. There are a plurality of switching holes 402, which are spaced apart along the circumference of the drum 4. The drum 4 is coaxially arranged with the nozzle assembly and is a cylindrical structure with a central chamber formed therein. The front end of the central chamber is connected to the central through groove to form a flow chamber, and the rear end is connected to the first channel 101 and the switching hole 402.

[0049] The drum 4 rotates around its axis when the flow sensing ring 3 applies an axial thrust to it, so that the switching hole 402 and the flow hole 103 are rotated and aligned to be connected, and the fluid enters the first channel 101 and the second channel 201 at the same time, realizing high-power operation;

[0050] and a reset elastic member 5, which is arranged between the flow sensing ring 3 and the nozzle assembly to drive the flow sensing ring 3 and the drum 4 to reset when the fluid flow decreases, and the drum 4 resets circumferentially while driving the flow sensing ring 3 to reset axially. At this time, the switching hole 402 and the flow hole 103 are staggered, and the fluid enters the first channel 101 to achieve low-power operation. The reset elastic member 5 can be a spring;

[0051] In this embodiment, the resetting elastic member 5 is located inside the rotating drum 4, one end of which abuts against the flow sensing ring 3, and the other end abuts against the nozzle assembly.

[0052] Low power situation: when the fluid flow rate is small, the pressure generated by the fluid on the flow sensing ring 3 is insufficient to counteract the elastic force of the reset elastic member 5, and the flow sensing ring 3 cannot be pushed to move axially, and the drum 4 does not rotate. At this time, the switching hole 402 is staggered from the flow hole 103, and the drum 4 blocks the flow hole 103. At this time, the fluid only enters the first channel 101, that is, the first nozzle 1 is turned on, meeting the low power operation requirement;

[0053] High power situation: when the fluid flow rate is large, the pressure generated by the fluid on the flow sensing ring 3 is sufficient to counteract the elastic force of the reset elastic member 5, pushing the flow sensing ring 3 to move axially, and the drum 4 rotates. At this time, the switching hole 402 is aligned with the flow hole 103 and connected, and the fluid enters the first channel 101 and the second channel 201 at the same time, that is, the first nozzle 1 and the second nozzle 2 are connected together, meeting the high power operation requirements.

[0054] In some examples, a driving column 301 is formed protruding from one side of the flow sensing ring 3 close to the drum 4, and the drum 4 is provided with a matching groove 401 for the driving column 301 to slide and convert the axial movement of the driving column 301 into the circumferential rotation of the drum 4. There are a plurality of driving columns 301 and matching grooves 401, which are distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction. Each driving column 301 slides in its corresponding matching groove 401. The axial movement of the flow sensing ring 3 can be converted into the circumferential movement of the drum 4 through the cooperation between the driving column 301 and the matching groove 401, thereby realizing the alignment or staggering of the switching hole 402 and the flow hole 103.

[0055] In some examples, the nozzle assembly further includes an outer shell 6, which is sleeved on the outside of the second nozzle 2, and an injection channel 601 that circulates with the first channel 101 and the second channel 201 is formed inside the outer shell 6, and the outer shell 6 is provided with a secondary flow inlet 602. The nozzle can be used in an "anode hydrogen supply" module that supplies hydrogen to a battery stack in a hydrogen fuel cell system. At present, the mainstream hydrogen supply module in the market adopts a "circulating hydrogen supply" technical solution. In the hydrogen circulation system, the fuel source from the hydrogen bottle delivers hydrogen to the nozzle, and the nozzle sprays hydrogen into the inlet end of the fuel cell stack. The hydrogen that has not yet reacted completely in the stack flows into the secondary flow pipeline. The nozzle can bring the "refluxed" hydrogen into the stack again through the secondary flow inlet 602 on the outer shell through the adsorption effect generated by the Bernoulli principle, thereby realizing the circulation of hydrogen.

[0056] The switching assembly also includes an outer cylinder 7 fixed at the rear end of the shell, and the inner peripheral wall of the outer cylinder 7 protrudes to form an axial limiting portion 701 for axially limiting the flow sensing ring 3. The axial limiting portion 701 is located at the rear end of the flow sensing ring 3 and is used to abut against the flow sensing ring 3 to position the flow sensing ring 3 to prevent the flow sensing ring 3 from slipping backwards out of the outer cylinder 7 under the elastic force of the reset elastic member 5.

[0057] In this embodiment, although the matching groove 401 radially penetrates the rotating drum 4, since the inner circumferential wall of the outer cylinder body 7 is in contact with the outer circumferential wall of the rotating drum 4, it is equivalent to that the outer cylinder body 7 blocks the outer wall of the matching groove 401, and the fluid will not overflow to affect the flow entering the nozzle assembly. At the same time, the outer cylinder body 7 can radially limit the rotating drum 4 to avoid the switching hole 402 and the flow hole 103 being unable to align due to radial deviation of the rotating drum 4. Preferably, the matching groove 401 may not radially penetrate the rotating drum 4, that is, the matching groove 401 has a groove bottom, and the groove bottom intercepts the fluid to prevent it from overflowing.

[0058] In some examples, the inner wall of the outer cylinder 7 and the outer wall of the flow sensing ring 3 are respectively provided with a circumferential limit portion 302 and a circumferential limit groove 702 for the circumferential limit portion 302 to slide. The circumferential limit portion 302 and the circumferential limit groove 702 are both provided with a plurality of circumferential limit portions 302 and circumferential limit grooves 702 and are distributed at intervals along the circumference. Each circumferential limit portion 302 slides in the circumferential limit groove 702 corresponding to it. On the one hand, the cooperation of the two can guide the axial movement of the flow sensing ring 3, and on the other hand, it can prevent the flow sensing ring 3 from rotating circumferentially during the axial movement, resulting in the failure of the rotation of the rotating drum 4 and the failure of high-power operation. In this embodiment, the circumferential limit portion 302 is located on the flow sensing ring 3, and the circumferential limit groove 702 is located on the outer cylinder 7. Of course, the circumferential limit portion 302 and the circumferential limit groove 702 can be interchanged; in this embodiment, the groove wall of the circumferential limit groove 702 forms the above-mentioned axial limit portion 701.

[0059] In some examples, the outer wall of the first nozzle 1 on one side close to the drum 4 radially protrudes to form a first flange 102, the inner wall of the second nozzle 2 is recessed to form a first groove for the first flange 102 to be inserted into, and a first sealing member 8 is provided between the outer wall of the first flange 102 and the groove wall of the first groove, and the flow hole 103 is located on the first flange 102. Of course, the inner wall of the second nozzle 2 on the side close to the drum 4 may also protrude to form an inner flange, and the flow hole 103 may also be located on the inner flange.

[0060] A second flange 202 is formed on one side of the second nozzle 2 close to the drum 4 and protrudes radially. A second sealing member 9 is provided between the outer peripheral wall of the second flange 202 and the inner peripheral wall of the outer shell 6 .

[0061] In some examples, a retaining ring 403 is formed on the inner wall of one end of the drum 4 close to the nozzle assembly, and the switching hole 402 is located on the retaining ring 403. The retaining ring 403 is equivalent to the bottom of the drum 4, and a notch connected to the first channel 101 is formed at the center thereof, that is, the drum 4 maintains constant connection with the first channel 101 through the notch to meet the low power situation, and is conditionally connected with the second channel 201 through the switching hole 402 to meet the high power situation.

[0062] In some examples, a plurality of flow holes 103 gradually approach each other from back to front along the direction from the switching assembly to the nozzle assembly, and their axes are not parallel to the axis of the second channel 201. The inclined flow holes 103 can reduce flow resistance, reduce disturbance, and focus the fluid to the center of the nozzle.

[0063] In some examples, the matching groove 401 is an inclined groove or an arc groove, that is, the matching groove 401 does not extend along the axial direction of the drum 4, but has a certain angle with the axis of the drum 4, so as to convert the axial movement of the flow sensing ring 3 into the circumferential movement of the drum 4.

[0064] In some examples, abutment steps are formed on the sides where the flow sensing ring 3 and the first nozzle 1 are close to each other, and both ends of the reset elastic member 5 abut against two limit steps respectively.

[0065] In some examples, an ejector includes the above-mentioned self-regulating flow nozzle.

[0066] Working principle:

[0067] Low power condition: when the fluid flow rate is small, the pressure exerted by the fluid on the flow sensing ring 3 is insufficient to counteract the elastic force of the reset elastic member 5, and the flow sensing ring 3 cannot be pushed to move axially, and the drum 4 does not rotate. At this time, the switching hole 402 is staggered from the flow hole 103, and the fluid only enters the first channel 101, that is, the first nozzle 1 is turned on, meeting the low power operation requirement;

[0068] High power situation: when the fluid flow rate is large, the pressure generated by the fluid on the flow sensing ring 3 is sufficient to counteract the elastic force of the reset elastic member 5, pushing the flow sensing ring 3 to move axially, and the drum 4 rotates. At this time, the switching hole 402 is aligned and connected with the flow hole 103, and the fluid enters the first channel 101 and the second channel 201 at the same time, and the first nozzle 1 and the second nozzle 2 are connected together, meeting the high power operation requirements.

[0069] Based on the above ideal embodiments of the present invention, the relevant staff can make various changes and modifications without departing from the technical concept of the present invention through the above description. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the contents of the specification, and its technical scope must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A flow self-regulating nozzle, characterized in that: It includes a nozzle assembly and a switching assembly; The nozzle assembly comprises a first nozzle (1) having a first channel (101) formed therein and a second nozzle (2) sleeved outside the first nozzle (1), a second channel (201) and a flow hole (103) communicating with the second channel (201) being formed between the first nozzle (1) and the second nozzle (2); The switching component has a flow chamber formed inside thereof and communicated with the first channel (101), and comprises: A flow sensing ring (3), which faces the fluid and can reciprocate along the axial direction under the action of the fluid pressure; A rotating drum (4) is arranged between the flow sensing ring (3) and the nozzle assembly and has a switching hole (402) at one end close to the nozzle assembly. When the flow sensing ring (3) applies an axial thrust to the rotating drum (4), the rotating drum (4) rotates around its axis so that the switching hole (402) and the flow hole (103) are aligned and connected, and the fluid enters the first channel (101) and the second channel (201) at the same time. and a reset elastic member (5), which is arranged between the flow sensing ring (3) and the nozzle assembly to drive the flow sensing ring (3) and the rotating drum (4) to reset when the fluid flow decreases. At this time, the switching hole (402) and the flow hole (103) are staggered, and the fluid enters the first channel (101).

2. A flow rate self-regulating nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that: A driving column (301) is protruded from one side of the flow sensing ring (3) close to the drum (4), and the drum (4) is provided with a matching groove (401) for the driving column (301) to slide and convert the axial movement of the driving column (301) into circumferential rotation of the drum (4).

3. A flow rate self-regulating nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nozzle assembly further comprises an outer shell (6), wherein a jet flow channel (601) communicating with the first channel (101) and the second channel (201) is formed inside the outer shell (6); The switching assembly further comprises an outer cylinder (7) fixed to the outer shell (6), and an axial limiting portion (701) protrudes from the inner peripheral wall of the outer cylinder (7) for axially limiting the flow sensing ring (3).

4. A flow rate self-regulating nozzle according to claim 3, characterized in that: The inner circumferential wall of the outer cylinder (7) and the outer circumferential wall of the flow sensing ring (3) are respectively provided with a circumferential limiting portion (302) and a circumferential limiting groove (702) for the circumferential limiting portion (302) to slide.

5. The flow rate self-regulating nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first flange (102) is formed on the outer peripheral wall of one side of the first nozzle (1) close to the drum (4) and protrudes radially, and the flow hole (103) is located on the first flange (102).

6. A flow rate self-regulating nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner peripheral wall of one end of the rotating cylinder (4) close to the nozzle assembly is radially protruding to form a retaining ring (403), and the switching hole (402) is located on the retaining ring (403).

7. The flow rate self-regulating nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of flow holes (103) gradually approach each other along the direction from the switching assembly to the nozzle assembly.

8. The flow rate self-regulating nozzle according to claim 2, characterized in that: The matching groove (401) is an inclined groove or an arc-shaped groove.

9. The flow rate self-regulating nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that: Abutment steps are formed on the side where the flow sensing ring (3) and the first nozzle (1) are close to each other, and the two ends of the reset elastic member (5) are respectively in abutment with the two limit steps.

10. An ejector, characterized in that: It comprises a flow self-regulating nozzle as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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