Textile fabric drying device

By introducing U-shaped plates, guide rollers, blow dryers and heating components into the textile fabric drying device, the problem of wrinkles easily occur when textile fabrics are dried, and better drying effect and winding quality are achieved.

CN119983757APending Publication Date: 2025-05-13XINYI YUANMAO TEXTILE CO LTD
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Patent Information

Application Number
CN202510276636.7
Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Applications(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
Filing Date
2025-03-10
Publication Date
2025-05-13

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

The existing textile fabric drying device can easily cause wrinkles in textile fabrics during use, which will have poor drying effect and affect the subsequent winding quality.

Method used

A drying device including a U-shaped plate, a guide roller, a blow drying plate and a heating assembly is designed. Preheating is carried out through guide rollers, uniform blow-drying is used to use the blow-drying plate, and heating the guide rollers and blow-drying plates through the heating assembly to ensure the flatness and uniform drying of the textile fabric.

Benefits of technology

It effectively avoids wrinkles in textile fabrics, improves drying effect, and ensures improvement in the quality of subsequent winding.

✦ Generated by Eureka AI based on patent content.

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Abstract

The invention provides a textile fabric drying device, and relates to the technical field of textile fabric drying, the textile fabric drying device comprises a base, the top of the base is provided with a U-shaped plate with a U-shaped opening facing downwards, and two opposite side walls of the U-shaped plate are each rotationally provided with a pair of guide rollers used for guiding a textile fabric; a pair of blowing plates located on the two sides of the textile fabric is arranged in the U-shaped plate, and a plurality of nozzles are arranged on the sides, close to each other, of the pair of blowing plates; a driving assembly used for driving the pair of guide rollers to rotate is arranged on the side wall of the U-shaped plate, and a heat supply assembly used for heating the air blowing plate and the guide rollers is further arranged on the side wall of the U-shaped plate. The anti-wrinkle drying device is reasonable in structure, good in anti-wrinkle effect and good in drying effect.
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Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of textile fabric drying, and in particular to a textile fabric drying device. Background Art

[0002] In the process of textile fabric processing, drying is one of the essential processing procedures. The quality of the drying device will directly affect the quality of the textile fabric.

[0003] In the prior art, when a textile fabric drying device is used, the textile fabric is generally dried directly by blowing air through a pair of symmetrical blowing plates. During the drying process, wrinkles are easily formed, the drying effect is poor, and the subsequent winding quality is affected. Now, a textile fabric drying device is urgently needed to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a drying device for textile fabrics to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology. The present invention has a reasonable structure, good anti-wrinkle effect and good drying effect.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented through the following technical scheme: a drying device for textile fabrics, comprising: A base, wherein a U-shaped plate with a U-shaped opening facing downward is disposed on the top of the base, a pair of guide rollers for guiding the textile fabric are rotatably disposed on the two opposite side walls of the U-shaped plate, a pair of blowing plates located on both sides of the textile fabric are disposed inside the U-shaped plate, and a plurality of nozzles are disposed on the sides of the pair of blowing plates close to each other; The U-shaped plate side wall is provided with a driving component for driving a pair of guide rollers to rotate, and the U-shaped plate side wall is also provided with a heating component for heating the blowing plate and the guide rollers.

[0006] Furthermore, the driving assembly includes a fixing plate arranged at both ends of the guide roller and connected to the side wall of the U-shaped plate, the side wall of the base is provided with a mounting frame, the side wall of the mounting frame is provided with a driving motor, the output shaft of the driving motor is provided with a driving gear located inside the mounting frame, one end of a pair of guide rollers is exposed from the fixing plate, and the side walls of the pair of guide rollers are respectively provided with a first gear and a second gear meshing with each other from top to bottom, and the second gear is meshed with the driving gear.

[0007] Furthermore, a through hole is formed at the end of the guide roller, and the heating component is used to provide heat to the through hole.

[0008] Furthermore, the heating component includes a first air guide plate arranged on the side wall of the U-shaped plate, a connecting pipe that passes through the fixed plate and is inserted into the through hole is arranged on the side of the first air guide plate close to the fixed plate, an electric heating pipe that passes through the first air guide plate and the connecting pipe in sequence and is located inside the through hole is arranged on the side wall of the first air guide plate, a fan is arranged on the side wall of the first air guide plate, a first sealed bearing is arranged at the connection between the guide roller and the fixed plate, a plurality of connecting blocks are arranged on the side wall of the U-shaped plate opposite to the first air guide plate, a second air guide plate is arranged between the side walls of the plurality of connecting blocks, a second sealed bearing is arranged at the connection between the guide roller and the second air guide plate, and a connecting pipe that passes through the side wall of the U-shaped plate and is connected to the blowing plate is arranged on the side wall of the second air guide plate.

[0009] Furthermore, the diameter of the connecting tube is smaller than the inner diameter of the through hole, and a gap is provided between the side wall of the electric heating tube and the inner wall of the connecting tube.

[0010] Furthermore, a support frame is arranged on the top of the base, and a squeezing roller is arranged inside the support frame.

[0011] Furthermore, a collecting tank located below the supporting frame is provided on the top of the base, a drain pipe connected to the collecting tank is provided on the side wall of the base, and a drain valve is provided on the side wall of the drain pipe.

[0012] Furthermore, a winding assembly for collecting the dried textile fabric is provided on the top of the base; The winding assembly includes a pair of vertical plates arranged on the top of the base, wherein a winding motor is arranged on the side wall of one of the vertical plates, and an electric push rod is arranged on the side wall of the other vertical plate. Positioning clamps matching the reel of the wound textile fabric are arranged on the output shaft of the winding motor and the telescopic shaft of the electric push rod, and a connecting bearing is arranged at the connection between the telescopic shaft of the electric push rod and the positioning clamp.

[0013] Furthermore, the positioning chuck comprises a positioning column arranged on the output shaft of the winding motor or the telescopic shaft of the electric push rod, a limit ring is arranged on the side wall of the positioning column, and the positioning column matches the inner hole of the reel of the winding textile fabric.

[0014] Furthermore, a guide column is arranged between the pair of vertical plates, and a rotating bearing is arranged at the connection between the guide column and the vertical plate.

[0015] The beneficial effects achieved by the present invention using the above structure are as follows: The present invention provides heat to the guide roller and the blowing plate through a heating component. Before the textile fabric enters the U-shaped plate for heating, it is first transported and preheated by the guide roller, thereby improving the uniformity of heating and reducing the uneven shrinkage caused by sudden heating. At the same time, the driving component drives a pair of guide rollers to rotate and transport the textile fabric, thereby preventing wrinkles from occurring on the textile fabric. The upper and lower surfaces of the textile fabric are evenly dried by blowing air through the blowing plate; finally, the textile fabric is heated and conveyed by a pair of guide rollers to maintain the flatness of the textile fabric, avoid wrinkles on the surface of the textile fabric due to sudden cooling, enhance the anti-wrinkle effect, and enhance the drying effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments made with reference to the following drawings: Figure 1 is a three-dimensional diagram of a drying device for textile fabrics according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a right side view of a drying device for textile fabrics according to one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a front cross-sectional view of a drying device for textile fabrics according to one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 is a sectional perspective view of a drying device for textile fabrics according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a left sectional view of a drying device for textile fabrics according to one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a sectional stereoscopic view of the connection between a driving component and a heating component in a drying device for textile fabrics according to one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 According to an embodiment of the present invention Figure 6 A magnified view of middle; Figure 8 A three-dimensional diagram of a drying device for textile fabrics according to an embodiment of the present invention from another perspective; Fig. 9 It is a three-dimensional diagram of a winding assembly in a drying device for textile fabrics according to an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.10 It is a right side cross-sectional view of a winding assembly in a drying device for textile fabrics according to an embodiment of the present invention; In the figure: 1, base; 1001, collecting tank; 2, support frame; 21, extrusion roller; 3, U-shaped plate; 4, blowing plate; 41, nozzle; 5, guide roller; 51, through hole; 6, driving assembly; 61, fixing plate; 62, first gear; 63, second gear; 64, driving motor; 65, driving gear; 66, mounting frame; 7, winding assembly; 71, winding motor; 72, positioning clamp; 721, limiting ring; 722, positioning column; 73, vertical plate; 74, rotating bearing; 75, guide column; 76, electric push rod; 761, connecting bearing; 8, heating assembly; 81, first air guide plate; 82, fan; 83, electric heating pipe; 84, connecting pipe; 85, first sealing bearing; 86, second sealing bearing; 87, second air guide plate; 88, connecting pipe; 89, connecting block; 9, drain pipe; 10, drain valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is further explained below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0018] like Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a drying device for textile fabrics, comprising: A base 1, a U-shaped plate 3 with a U-shaped opening facing downward is arranged on the top of the base 1, a pair of guide rollers 5 for guiding the textile fabric are rotatably arranged on the opposite side walls of the U-shaped plate 3, a pair of blowing plates 4 located on both sides of the textile fabric are arranged inside the U-shaped plate 3, and a plurality of nozzles 41 are arranged on the side of the pair of blowing plates 4 close to each other; The side wall of the U-shaped plate 3 is provided with a driving assembly 6 for driving a pair of guide rollers 5 to rotate, and the side wall of the U-shaped plate 3 is also provided with a heating assembly 8 for heating the blowing plate 4 and the guide roller 5. The design heats the guide roller 5 and the blowing plate 4 through the heating assembly 8. Before the textile fabric enters the U-shaped plate 3 for heating, it is first conveyed and preheated by the guide roller 5 to improve the uniformity of heating and reduce the uneven shrinkage caused by sudden heating. At the same time, the driving assembly 6 drives the pair of guide rollers 5 to rotate and convey the textile fabric, which can avoid wrinkles on the textile fabric; then the blowing plate 4 blows air to evenly blow and dry the upper and lower surfaces of the textile fabric; finally, the pair of guide rollers 5 are used to heat and convey the textile fabric to maintain the flatness of the textile fabric, avoid wrinkles on the surface of the textile fabric, enhance the anti-wrinkle effect, and enhance the drying effect.

[0019] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 6 and Figure 8The driving assembly 6 includes a fixing plate 61 which is arranged at both ends of the guide roller 5 and connected to the side wall of the U-shaped plate 3, a mounting frame 66 is arranged on the side wall of the base 1, a driving motor 64 is arranged on the side wall of the mounting frame 66, a driving gear 65 located inside the mounting frame 66 is arranged on the output shaft of the driving motor 64, one end of a pair of guide rollers 5 are exposed from the fixing plate 61, and a first gear 62 and a second gear 63 which mesh with each other are arranged on the side walls of the pair of guide rollers 5 from top to bottom, and the second gear 63 meshes with the driving gear 65. This design drives the driving gear 65 to rotate through the operation of the driving motor 64 in the driving assembly 6, the driving gear 65 rotates to drive the second gear 63 to rotate, the second gear 63 rotates to drive the first gear 62 to rotate, and drives the pair of guide rollers 5 to rotate, and the pair of guide rollers 5 rotate to transport the textile fabric.

[0020] Reference Figure 2 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 A through hole 51 is formed at the end of the guide roller 5, and the heating component 8 is used to heat the through hole 51. The design facilitates heating the through hole 51 through the heating component 8.

[0021] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 8 The heating component 8 includes a first air guide plate 81 arranged on the side wall of the U-shaped plate 3, a connecting pipe 84 that penetrates the fixed plate 61 and is inserted into the through hole 51 is arranged on the side of the first air guide plate 81 close to the fixed plate 61, an electric heating pipe 83 that penetrates the first air guide plate 81 and the connecting pipe 84 in sequence and is located inside the through hole 51 is arranged on the side wall of the first air guide plate 81, a fan 82 is arranged on the side wall of the first air guide plate 81, a first sealed bearing 85 is arranged at the connection between the guide roller 5 and the fixed plate 61, a plurality of connecting blocks 89 are arranged on the side wall of the U-shaped plate 3 opposite to the first air guide plate 81, a second air guide plate 87 is arranged between the side walls of the plurality of connecting blocks 89, a second sealed bearing 86 is arranged at the connection between the guide roller 5 and the second air guide plate 87, and a connecting pipe 88 that penetrates the side wall of the U-shaped plate 3 and is connected to the blowing plate 4 is arranged on the side wall of the second air guide plate 87. The design works through the fan 82 and the electric heating tube 83 in the heating component 8. The fan 82 delivers wind to the inside of the first air guide plate 81, and the wind enters the connecting tube 84 and the through hole 51. The wind is heated by the electric heating tube 83, and the guide roller 5 is heated at the same time. The heated wind flows through the second air guide plate 87 and the connecting tube 88 into the blowing plate 4, and finally hot wind is sprayed out through the nozzle 41 to blow and dry the upper and lower surfaces of the textile fabric; wherein the first air guide plate 81 and the second air guide plate 87 are both hollow square plates.

[0022] Reference Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7The diameter of the connecting tube 84 is smaller than the inner diameter of the through hole 51, and a gap is provided between the side wall of the electric heating tube 83 and the inner wall of the connecting tube 84. This improves the rationality of the design.

[0023] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 A support frame 2 is provided on the top of the base 1, and a squeezing roller 21 is provided inside the support frame 2. The design can squeeze the water inside the textile fabric through the squeezing roller 21 to reduce the residual water in the textile fabric.

[0024] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 3 The top of the base 1 is provided with a collecting tank 1001 located below the support frame 2, and the side wall of the base 1 is provided with a drain pipe 9 connected to the collecting tank 1001, and the side wall of the drain pipe 9 is provided with a drain valve 10. This design facilitates the collection of water squeezed by the squeezing roller 21 through the collecting tank 1001, and facilitates the discharge of water inside the collecting tank 1001 through the drain valve 10 and the drain pipe 9.

[0025] Reference Figure 1 , Fig. 9 and Fig.10 A winding assembly 7 for collecting the dried textile fabric is provided on the top of the base 1; The winding assembly 7 includes a pair of vertical plates 73 arranged on the top of the base 1, wherein a winding motor 71 is arranged on the side wall of one of the vertical plates 73, and an electric push rod 76 is arranged on the side wall of the other vertical plate 73. The output shaft of the winding motor 71 and the telescopic shaft of the electric push rod 76 are both provided with positioning clamps 72 that match the reel of the winding textile fabric, and a connecting bearing 761 is provided at the connection between the telescopic shaft of the electric push rod 76 and the positioning clamp 72. In this design, the electric push rod 76 in the winding assembly 7 drives the positioning clamp 72 thereon to be inserted into the reel of the winding textile fabric, and the other end of the reel of the winding textile fabric is connected to the positioning clamp 72 on the output shaft of the winding motor 71, so as to complete the positioning and clamping of the reel of the winding textile fabric; the reel of the winding textile fabric is driven to rotate under the action of the connecting bearing 761 by the winding motor 71, so as to wind the textile fabric, facilitate the replacement of the reel of the winding textile fabric, and improve the winding efficiency.

[0026] Reference Figure 1 and Fig. 9The positioning clamp 72 includes a positioning column 722 arranged on the output shaft of the winding motor 71 or the telescopic shaft of the electric push rod 76, and a limiting ring 721 is arranged on the side wall of the positioning column 722. The positioning column 722 matches the inner hole of the roll of the winding textile fabric. The design facilitates the positioning column 722 on the positioning clamp 72 to be inserted into the inner hole of the roll of the winding textile fabric, and the limiting ring 721 is connected to the end of the roll of the winding textile fabric to limit the position, so as to complete the positioning and clamping of the roll of the winding textile fabric; wherein the roll of the winding textile fabric is tubular.

[0027] Reference Fig. 9 and Fig.10 A guide post 75 is provided between a pair of vertical plates 73, and a rotating bearing 74 is provided at the connection between the guide post 75 and the vertical plate 73. This design facilitates the guiding and winding of the textile fabric by rotating the guide post 75 around the rotating bearing 74.

[0028] Reference Figure 1-Figure 10 As an embodiment of the present invention: when the textile fabric needs to be dried, the staff first squeezes the water out of the textile fabric through the squeezing roller 21 to reduce the residual liquid inside the textile fabric, and the squeezed water falls into the collecting tank 1001 for collection; the water inside the collecting tank 1001 is conveniently discharged through the drain valve 10 and the drain pipe 9.

[0029] The fan 82 and the electric heating tube 83 in the heating assembly 8 work, and the fan 82 delivers wind to the inside of the first air guide plate 81, and the wind enters the connecting tube 84 and the through hole 51, and is heated by the electric heating tube 83, and the guide roller 5 is heated at the same time, and the heated wind flows through the second air guide plate 87 and the connecting tube 88 into the blowing plate 4, and finally the hot wind is ejected through the nozzle 41 to blow and dry the upper and lower surfaces of the textile fabric; the air supply assembly can heat a pair of blowing plates 4 and the rotating guide roller 5.

[0030] The driving motor 64 in the driving assembly 6 drives the driving gear 65 to rotate, and the driving gear 65 drives the second gear 63 to rotate, and the second gear 63 drives the first gear 62 to rotate, and drives a pair of guide rollers 5 to rotate, and the pair of guide rollers 5 rotate to preheat and convey the textile fabric; before the textile fabric enters the U-shaped plate 3 for heating, it is first conveyed and preheated by the guide rollers 5 to improve the uniformity of heating and reduce the uneven shrinkage caused by sudden heating. At the same time, the driving assembly 6 drives the pair of guide rollers 5 to rotate and convey the textile fabric, which can avoid wrinkles on the textile fabric; then, a pair of blowing plates 4 blow hot air up and down to dry the upper and lower surfaces of the textile fabric, and under the action of the nozzle 41, the uniformity of blowing and drying the textile fabric is improved; finally, the textile fabric is heated and conveyed by a pair of guide rollers 5 to maintain the flatness of the textile fabric, avoid wrinkles on the surface of the textile fabric, enhance the anti-wrinkle effect, and enhance the drying effect.

[0031] The dried textile fabric is guided by the guide column 75 and transported to the side wall of the reel clamped by the positioning clamp 72. The winding motor 71 in the winding assembly 7 drives the positioning clamp 72 thereon to rotate, and the rotation of the positioning clamp 72 drives the reel to rotate. The rotation of the reel reels the textile fabric. Under the action of the connecting bearing 761, interference between the telescopic shaft of the electric push rod 76 and the positioning clamp 72 thereon is avoided, thereby improving the stability of the reel rotation.

[0032] The electric push rod 76 drives the positioning clamp 72 thereon to separate from the reel, thereby facilitating the removal of the wound reel, facilitating the replacement of the reel for winding the textile fabric, and improving the winding efficiency.

[0033] The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, it is obvious that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic features of the present invention. Therefore, no matter from which point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-restrictive. In addition, it should be understood that although the present specification is described according to implementation modes, not every implementation mode contains only one independent technical solution. This description of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment may also be appropriately combined to form other implementation modes that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A drying device for textile fabrics, characterized in that: include: A base (1), wherein a U-shaped plate (3) with a U-shaped opening facing downward is disposed on the top of the base (1), a pair of guide rollers (5) for guiding the textile fabric are rotatably disposed on opposite side walls of the U-shaped plate (3), a pair of blowing plates (4) located on both sides of the textile fabric are disposed inside the U-shaped plate (3), and a plurality of nozzles (41) are disposed on the sides of the pair of blowing plates (4) close to each other; The side wall of the U-shaped plate (3) is provided with a driving assembly (6) for driving the pair of guide rollers (5) to rotate, and the side wall of the U-shaped plate (3) is also provided with a heating assembly (8) for heating the blowing plate (4) and the guide rollers (5).

2. The drying device for textile fabrics according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving assembly (6) comprises a fixing plate (61) arranged at both ends of the guide roller (5) and connected to the side wall of the U-shaped plate (3); a mounting frame (66) is arranged on the side wall of the base (1); a driving motor (64) is arranged on the side wall of the mounting frame (66); a driving gear (65) located inside the mounting frame (66) is arranged on the output shaft of the driving motor (64); one end of a pair of guide rollers (5) is exposed from the fixing plate (61); and a first gear (62) and a second gear (63) meshing with each other are respectively arranged on the side walls of the pair of guide rollers (5) from top to bottom; the second gear (63) meshes with the driving gear (65).

3. The drying device for textile fabrics according to claim 2, characterized in that: A through hole (51) is formed at the end of the guide roller (5), and the heating component (8) is used to supply heat to the through hole (51).

4. The drying device for textile fabrics according to claim 3, characterized in that: The heating component (8) comprises a first air guide plate (81) arranged on the side wall of the U-shaped plate (3); a connecting pipe (84) penetrating the fixing plate (61) and inserted into the through hole (51) is arranged on the side wall of the first air guide plate (81) close to the fixing plate (61); an electric heating pipe (83) penetrating the first air guide plate (81) and the connecting pipe (84) in sequence and located in the through hole (51) is arranged on the side wall of the first air guide plate (81); a fan (82) is arranged on the side wall of the first air guide plate (81); A first sealed bearing (85) is provided at the connection between the guide roller (5) and the fixed plate (61); a plurality of connecting blocks (89) are provided on a side wall of the U-shaped plate (3) opposite to the first air guide plate (81); a second air guide plate (87) is provided between the side walls of the plurality of connecting blocks (89); a second sealed bearing (86) is provided at the connection between the guide roller (5) and the second air guide plate (87); and a connecting pipe (88) is provided on the side wall of the second air guide plate (87) that penetrates the side wall of the U-shaped plate (3) and is connected to the blowing plate (4).

5. The drying device for textile fabrics according to claim 4, characterized in that: The diameter of the connecting tube (84) is smaller than the inner diameter of the through hole (51), and a gap is provided between the side wall of the electric heating tube (83) and the inner wall of the connecting tube (84).

6. The drying device for textile fabrics according to claim 1, characterized in that: A support frame (2) is arranged on the top of the base (1), and a squeezing roller (21) is arranged inside the support frame (2).

7. The drying device for textile fabrics according to claim 6, characterized in that: The top of the base (1) is provided with a collecting tank (1001) located below the support frame (2); the side wall of the base (1) is provided with a drainage pipe (9) connected to the collecting tank (1001); and the side wall of the drainage pipe (9) is provided with a drainage valve (10).

8. The drying device for textile fabrics according to claim 1, characterized in that: A winding assembly (7) for collecting the dried textile fabric is arranged on the top of the base (1); The winding assembly (7) comprises a pair of vertical plates (73) arranged on the top of the base (1), wherein a winding motor (71) is arranged on the side wall of one of the vertical plates (73), and an electric push rod (76) is arranged on the side wall of the other vertical plate (73), and a positioning clamp (72) matching the reel of the winding textile fabric is arranged on the output shaft of the winding motor (71) and the telescopic shaft of the electric push rod (76), and a connecting bearing (761) is arranged at the connection between the telescopic shaft of the electric push rod (76) and the positioning clamp (72).

9. The drying device for textile fabrics according to claim 8, characterized in that: The positioning clamp (72) comprises a positioning column (722) arranged on the output shaft of the winding motor (71) or the telescopic shaft of the electric push rod (76), a limiting ring (721) is arranged on the side wall of the positioning column (722), and the positioning column (722) matches the inner hole of the reel of the winding textile fabric.

10. The drying device for textile fabrics according to claim 8, characterized in that: A guide column (75) is provided between the pair of vertical plates (73), and a rotation bearing (74) is provided at the connection between the guide column (75) and the vertical plate (73).