Geological disaster monitoring device and monitoring method

Abstract

The invention discloses a geological disaster monitoring device, and relates to the technical field of signal devices, the geological disaster monitoring device comprises a displacement measurement assembly buried in a soil body and a fixing assembly fixed in a rock stratum, the displacement measurement assembly and the soil body generate displacement together, the displacement measurement assembly is connected with a monitoring rod, the monitoring rod is connected with the fixing assembly, and the fixing assembly is connected with the soil body. The monitoring device can monitor the relative displacement of the displacement measuring assembly relative to the fixing assembly. According to the geological disaster monitoring device, the fixing assembly is fixed in the rock stratum, so that the fixing assembly does not move along with the displacement of the soil body, and the displacement measuring assembly is buried in the soil body and can generate displacement together with the soil body; the purpose of monitoring the displacement of the soil body can be achieved by monitoring the displacement of the displacement measuring assembly relative to the fixing assembly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of signal devices, and in particular to a geological disaster monitoring device and a monitoring method. Background Art

[0002] Severe or extreme weather conditions such as typhoons and rainstorms can easily trigger geological disasters such as landslides, causing losses. Through observation and monitoring, the precursors of geological disasters can be discovered in advance, so that various measures can be taken to reduce the occurrence of geological disasters or reduce losses. There are many methods for measuring landslides, such as GPS for measuring surface displacement, inclinometers for deep displacement measurement, and groundwater level determination through groundwater dynamic observation. In some soil bodies, there will be stratification. Due to the influence of groundwater, etc., each soil layer may have different influences. When measuring the displacement of soil measuring points, the existing monitoring methods will be affected by the displacement of other soil layers, thereby affecting the accuracy of the displacement of the measuring points. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the above shortcomings, the object of the present invention is to provide a geological disaster monitoring device, and the object of the present invention is also to provide a monitoring method of the above geological disaster monitoring device.

[0004] To this end, a geological disaster monitoring device of the present invention includes a displacement measuring component buried in the soil and a fixed component fixed in the rock layer. The displacement measuring component and the soil together generate displacement, the displacement measuring component is connected to a monitoring rod, and the monitoring rod is connected to the fixed component. The monitoring device can monitor the relative displacement of the displacement measuring component relative to the fixed component.

[0005] Furthermore, the displacement measurement component is arranged in a predetermined soil layer, and the contact area between the displacement measurement component and the soil layer is larger than the contact area between the monitoring rod and the soil layer, so that the displacement monitored by the monitoring device can reflect the displacement of the soil layer where the displacement measurement component is located.

[0006] Furthermore, the monitoring rod is rotatably connected to the fixed component via a rotating shaft, and a waterproof cover that can rotate together with the monitoring rod is provided on the outer side of the rotating shaft. The rotating shaft is arranged inside the fixed component, and a gear is connected to the rotating shaft, and cooperates with a rack through a gear set. A contact electrode is arranged on the rack, and the contact electrode can move on a variable resistor. A wire is connected to one end of the contact electrode and the variable resistor. The displacement of the soil causes the displacement measurement component to drive the monitoring rod to rotate, so that the movement of the rack drives the contact electrode to move, thereby changing the resistance value of the variable resistor in the circuit, and the corresponding displacement is obtained by measuring the corresponding current.

[0007] The monitoring rod is movably connected to a displacement measuring component, and a variable resistor and a contact electrode are arranged inside the displacement measuring component. The displacement measuring component can squeeze the contact electrode to make it contact with the variable resistor, and the soil can drive the corresponding displacement measuring component to produce a relative displacement with the monitoring rod, so that the position of the monitoring rod squeezing the displacement measuring component changes, and the contact electrode contacts with different positions of the variable resistor, thereby changing the resistance value of the variable resistor in the circuit, and obtaining the corresponding displacement by measuring the corresponding current.

[0008] Furthermore, the displacement measuring component includes an outer shell, a through hole in the middle of the outer shell and an inner wall around the through hole, a groove is arranged on the inner wall, an elastic waterproof structure is arranged on the groove, a strip-shaped contact electrode capable of elastic deformation is connected to the elastic waterproof structure, a variable resistor is arranged on the outer shell opposite to the contact electrode, an extrusion disk is arranged at the position where the measuring rod cooperates with the displacement measuring component, the measuring rod passes through the through hole and a part of the extrusion disk is arranged in the groove, the extrusion disk can squeeze the corresponding position of the contact electrode, and make the squeezed part of the contact electrode contact with the corresponding part of the variable resistor to form a passage.

[0009] The monitoring rod is provided with a measuring device body, which includes a shell, a lower extrusion surface and a disc-shaped upper extrusion surface, the upper extrusion surface is made of elastic material, a pressing block is arranged between the upper extrusion surface and the lower extrusion surface, the upper extrusion surface is fixed with a contact electrode, a plurality of resistors with different resistance values ​​are arranged in an upper annular array of the upper extrusion surface, the pressing block can press the upper extrusion surface so that the corresponding contact electrode is connected with the corresponding resistor, the pressing block is fixed on a rigid pull rope, one end of the pull rope is fixed to a displacement monitoring component, and an initial position of the displacement monitoring component is arranged in soil at a predetermined distance from the measuring device body.

[0010] Furthermore, a fender is provided between the upper extrusion surface and the lower extrusion surface, a strip hole is reserved in the middle of the fender for the movement of the pull rope, and a drainage hole is provided on the lower side of the fender.

[0011] Furthermore, the monitoring rod is provided with a plurality of displacement measurement components, and the displacement measurement components are arranged at equal intervals on the monitoring rod or in different soil layers.

[0012] Furthermore, the monitoring rod is rigid and fixed on the fixing assembly.

[0013] The present invention also includes a geological disaster monitoring method, including the above-mentioned geological disaster monitoring device, including drilling a hole into the rock formation at the position to be measured, fixing the displacement measurement component at a predetermined position of the measuring rod and connecting the wire, lowering the measuring device along the hole until the fixing part enters the rock formation, fixing the fixing part in the rock formation by grouting through a grouting pipe, backfilling the soil, and installing a solar power generation device and a communication component on the surface.

[0014] Beneficial technical effects of the present invention: A geological disaster monitoring device of the present invention fixes a fixed component in a rock layer, so that the fixed component will not move with the displacement of the soil. The displacement measuring component is buried in the soil and can generate displacement together with the soil. The purpose of soil displacement monitoring can be achieved by monitoring the displacement of the displacement measuring component relative to the fixed component.

[0015] In order to prevent other soil layers from affecting the displacement of the corresponding displacement measurement assembly by acting on the monitoring rod, in a specific embodiment, the contact area between the displacement measurement assembly and the soil is set to be larger than the contact area between the monitoring rod and the soil.

[0016] In other specific embodiments of the present invention, multiple displacement measuring devices are arranged on the monitoring rod, and the relative displacement between the displacement measuring devices and the monitoring rod is utilized to achieve the measurement of the displacement conditions of independent soil bodies in different soil layers or at different depths. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a specific embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the variable resistor inside the fixing member and the contact electrode in Example 1; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the displacement measurement assembly and the monitoring rod in Example 2; Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the displacement measurement assembly in Example 2; Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the upper extrusion surface of Example 3.

[0018] Explanation of the reference numerals: 1. Soil layer; 2. Rock layer; 3. Fixing assembly; 301. Waterproof cover; 302. Rack; 4. Monitoring rod; 401. Extrusion disk; 5. Displacement measurement assembly; 501. Groove; 502. Through hole; 503. Elastic waterproof structure; 6. Variable resistor; 7. Contact electrode; 8. Upper extrusion surface; 9. Press block; 10. Pull rope. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to further explain the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the predetermined invention purpose, the specific implementation mode, structure, characteristics and effects of the present invention are described in detail below in combination with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.

[0020] Reference Figures 1 to 5 As shown, a geological disaster monitoring device of the present invention includes a displacement measuring component 5 buried in the soil and a fixing component 3 fixed in the rock layer 2. The displacement measuring component 5 and the soil generate displacement together. The displacement measuring component 5 is connected to a monitoring rod 4, and the monitoring rod 4 is connected to the fixing component 3. The monitoring device can monitor the relative displacement of the displacement measuring component 5 relative to the fixing component 3. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in the specific embodiment 1 of the present invention, the displacement measurement component 5 adopts a fixed rigid shape, the whole is a block structure, and is buried in a predetermined soil layer 1. The displacement measurement component 5 is fixed to the monitoring rod 4. The fixed component 3 is buried in the rock layer 2, and the monitoring rod 4 is rotatably connected to the fixed component 3 through a rotating shaft. The outer side of the rotating shaft is provided with a waterproof cover 301 that can rotate together with the monitoring rod 4. The rotating shaft is arranged inside the fixed component 3, and a gear is connected to the rotating shaft, and cooperates with the rack 302 through a gear set. The rack 302 can be set in a groove and move along the structure such as the groove. The gear set can make smaller soil displacements appear in a more obvious way by amplifying the moving distance of the rack 302. The gear set realizes the above distance amplification function belongs to common knowledge and is not further described here. A contact electrode 7 is arranged on the rack 302, and the contact electrode 7 can move on a variable resistor 6. The contact electrode 7 and one end of the variable resistor 6 are connected to a wire. When the soil body is displaced, the displacement measuring assembly 5 moves together under its action, and drives the monitoring rod 4 to rotate, the rotating shaft rotates, the rotating shaft drives the gear set to rotate, and drives the rack 302 to move so that the contact electrode 7 moves on the variable resistor 6, thereby changing the resistance value of the variable resistor 6 in the circuit, measuring the corresponding current, and the relationship between the resistance value and the displacement can be derived through the relationship between the resistance value and the displacement. Since the monitoring rod 4 is driven to rotate by the displacement measuring assembly 5 in Example 1, what is actually monitored is the rotation angle of the monitoring rod 4. Therefore, Example 1 is suitable for monitoring the displacement of the deep soil at the rock-soil interface. When it is used for the upper soil, the length of the monitoring rod 4 is long, and the smaller displacement of the soil layer 1 is difficult to monitor. Of course, Example 1 should also include a power supply and a sensor for measuring resistance or current, and corresponding memory and processor and communication components can also be set. Generally, the above structure can be set on the surface to facilitate maintenance when a fault occurs. The power supply can be used to set solar panels on the surface to generate electricity and set rechargeable battery components to store electrical energy.

[0021] In the above embodiment, referring to Figure 1 As shown, the contact area between the displacement measurement component 5 and the soil layer 1 is larger than the contact area between the monitoring rod 4 and the soil layer 1, so that the displacement monitored by the monitoring device can reflect the displacement of the soil layer 1 where the displacement measurement component 5 is located. The monitoring rod 4 adopts a thin rod, which can reduce the influence of other soil layers 1 on the monitoring rod 4, so that the above structure can be used for monitoring the adjacent soil layers 1 at the rock-soil interface. When Example 1 is only used for monitoring the soil layer 1 at the rock-soil interface, the above influence can be ignored.

[0022] In order to solve the problem of upper soil displacement monitoring in Example 1, refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, in Example 2, the monitoring rod 4 is movably connected to the displacement measuring component 5, the displacement measuring component 5 includes a shell, a through hole 502 is arranged in the middle for the monitoring rod 4 to pass through, inner walls are arranged around the through hole 502, grooves 501 are arranged on the opposite inner walls, an elastic waterproof structure 503, such as rubber, is arranged on the groove 501, and a strip contact electrode 7 that can be elastically deformed is connected to the elastic waterproof structure 503, a variable resistor 6 is arranged on the shell opposite to the contact electrode 7, and an extrusion disk 401 is fixedly arranged at the position where the monitoring rod and the displacement measuring component 5 cooperate, the monitoring rod passes through the through hole 502 and sets a part of the extrusion disk 401 in the groove 501, the extrusion disk 401 can squeeze the corresponding position of the contact electrode 7, and make the squeezed part of the contact electrode 7 contact with the corresponding part of the variable resistor 6 to form a passage. When the soil is displaced, the position of the displacement measuring assembly 5 relative to the monitoring rod changes, and the position of the extrusion disc 401 changes, and the contact position between the contact electrode 7 and the variable resistor 6 also changes, and the resistance value of the variable resistor 6 in the circuit is changed, and the corresponding displacement is obtained by measuring the corresponding current. In this embodiment, the pressure between the extrusion disc 401 and the elastic waterproof structure 503 can be appropriately set to be smaller to avoid excessive friction, and the soil layer 1 has a certain compressibility to avoid soil compression affecting the accuracy of the monitoring data.

[0023] In the above-mentioned embodiment 2, the through hole 502 is generally set as a strip hole, and the direction in which the displacement measurement component 5 is set generally needs to be consistent with the displacement direction of the soil. For some application scenarios, the displacement direction of the soil can be determined. For example, when a landslide occurs, the movement direction of the soil layer 1 slides down the slope. However, if the movement direction of the soil layer 1 changes within a certain range, the displacement direction of the soil layer 1 may be inconsistent with the pre-embedded direction, which will bring additional resistance, resulting in the displacement measurement component 5 being unable to accurately reflect the displacement of the measuring point. An improved technical solution, namely embodiment 3, refers to Figure 5As shown, the main body of the measuring device is fixed on the monitoring rod 4, and the main body of the measuring device includes a shell, a lower extrusion surface and a disc-shaped upper extrusion surface 8 are arranged in the shell, and the upper extrusion surface 8 is made of elastic material. A pressing block 9 is arranged between the upper extrusion surface 8 and the lower extrusion surface, and the upper extrusion surface 8 is fixed with a contact electrode 7. The upper annular array of the upper extrusion surface 8 is provided with a plurality of resistors with different resistance values. The pressing block 9 can squeeze the upper extrusion surface 8 so that the corresponding contact electrode 7 is connected with the corresponding resistor. The pressing block 9 is fixed on the rigid pull rope, and one end of the pull rope is fixed with the displacement measurement component. The initial position of the displacement measurement component is set in the soil at a predetermined distance from the main body of the measuring device. In Example 3, since the resistance values ​​of the resistors in the array are different, when the soil body produces different directional displacements, the pressing block 9 will move to the corresponding resistor, and the position of the pressing block 9 can be determined according to the value obtained by monitoring, and the direction and distance of the displacement can be obtained according to the initial position and current position information, and the displacement changes in different time periods can be marked by points in the continuous change diagram of the displacement, and the displacement change trend diagram can be formed by connecting lines.

[0024] In the above-mentioned embodiment 3, a fender is provided between the upper extrusion surface 8 and the lower extrusion surface, a circular hole is provided in the middle of the fender for the pull rope to move, and a drainage hole is provided on the lower side of the fender. The upper extrusion surface 8 can be provided with a steel wire mesh for support to prevent the center from sagging. The mesh of the steel wire mesh should be larger than the size of the pressing block 9, and the pressing block 9 can be spherical.

[0025] In the above-mentioned embodiments 2 and 3, reference is made to Figure 3 As shown, a plurality of displacement measuring components 5 are provided on the monitoring rod 4 , and the displacement measuring components 5 are arranged at equal intervals on the monitoring rod 4 or in different soil layers 1 . The monitoring rod 4 is rigid and fixed on the fixing component 3 .

[0026] The present invention also includes a geological disaster monitoring method, which uses the above-mentioned geological disaster monitoring device, including drilling a hole into the rock layer 2 at the position to be measured, fixing the displacement measurement component 5 at a predetermined position of the monitoring rod and connecting the wire, lowering the measuring device along the hole until the fixed component 3 enters the rock layer 2, fixing the fixed component 3 in the rock layer 2 by grouting through a grouting pipe, backfilling the soil, and installing a solar power generation device and a communication component on the surface.

[0027] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any form. Although the present invention has been disclosed as a preferred embodiment as above, it is not used to limit the present invention. Any technical personnel in this field can make some changes or modify the technical contents disclosed above into equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention. However, any brief modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention are still within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A geological disaster monitoring device, characterized in that: It includes a displacement measuring component buried in the soil and a fixed component fixed in the rock layer. The displacement measuring component and the soil generate displacement together. The displacement measuring component is connected to a monitoring rod, and the monitoring rod is connected to the fixed component. The monitoring device can monitor the relative displacement of the displacement measuring component relative to the fixed component.

2. A geological disaster monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The displacement measurement component is arranged in a predetermined soil layer, and the contact area between the displacement measurement component and the soil layer is larger than the contact area between the monitoring rod and the soil layer, so that the displacement monitored by the monitoring device can reflect the displacement of the soil layer where the displacement measurement component is located.

3. A geological disaster monitoring device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The monitoring rod is rotatably connected to the fixed component via a rotating shaft. A waterproof cover that can rotate together with the monitoring rod is provided on the outer side of the rotating shaft. The rotating shaft is arranged inside the fixed component. A gear is connected to the rotating shaft and cooperates with a rack through a gear set. A contact electrode is arranged on the rack. The contact electrode can move on a variable resistor. A wire is connected to one end of the contact electrode and the variable resistor. The displacement of the soil causes the displacement measurement component to drive the monitoring rod to rotate, so that the movement of the rack drives the contact electrode to move, thereby changing the resistance value of the variable resistor in the circuit, and the corresponding displacement is obtained by measuring the corresponding current.

4. A geological disaster monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A displacement measuring component is movably connected to the monitoring rod, and a variable resistor and a contact electrode are arranged inside the displacement measuring component. The displacement measuring component can squeeze the contact electrode to make it contact with the variable resistor, and the soil can drive the corresponding displacement measuring component to produce a relative displacement with the monitoring rod, so that the position of the monitoring rod squeezing the displacement measuring component changes, and the contact electrode contacts with different positions of the variable resistor, thereby changing the resistance value of the variable resistor in the circuit, and obtaining the corresponding displacement by measuring the corresponding current.

5. A geological disaster monitoring device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The displacement measuring component includes a shell, a through hole in the middle of the shell and an inner wall around the through hole, a groove is arranged on the inner wall, an elastic waterproof structure is arranged on the groove, a strip-shaped contact electrode capable of elastic deformation is connected to the elastic waterproof structure, a variable resistor is arranged on the shell opposite to the contact electrode, an extrusion disk is arranged at the position where the measuring rod cooperates with the displacement measuring component, the measuring rod passes through the through hole and a part of the extrusion disk is arranged in the groove, the extrusion disk can squeeze the corresponding position of the contact electrode, and make the squeezed part of the contact electrode contact with the corresponding part of the variable resistor to form a passage.

6. A geological disaster monitoring device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The monitoring rod is provided with a measuring device body, which includes a shell, a lower extrusion surface and a disc-shaped upper extrusion surface, the upper extrusion surface is made of elastic material, a pressing block is arranged between the upper extrusion surface and the lower extrusion surface, the upper extrusion surface is fixed with a contact electrode, a plurality of resistors with different resistance values ​​are arranged in an upper annular array of the upper extrusion surface, the pressing block can press the upper extrusion surface so that the corresponding contact electrode is connected with the corresponding resistor, the pressing block is fixed on a rigid pull rope, one end of the pull rope is fixed to a displacement monitoring component, and an initial position of the displacement monitoring component is arranged in soil at a predetermined distance from the measuring device body.

7. A geological disaster monitoring device according to claim 6, characterized in that: A fender is arranged between the upper extrusion surface and the lower extrusion surface, a strip hole for the pull rope to move is reserved in the middle of the fender, and a drainage hole is arranged at the lower side of the fender.

8. A geological disaster monitoring device according to any one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that: The monitoring rod is provided with a plurality of displacement measurement components, and the displacement measurement components are arranged at equal intervals on the monitoring rod or in different soil layers.

9. A geological disaster monitoring device according to any one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that: The monitoring rod is rigid and fixed on the fixing assembly.

10. A method for monitoring geological disasters, using the geological disaster monitoring device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The method includes drilling a hole into the rock formation at the position to be measured, fixing the displacement measurement component at the predetermined position of the measuring rod and connecting the wire, lowering the measuring device along the hole until the fixing part enters the rock formation, fixing the fixing part in the rock formation by grouting through a grouting pipe, backfilling the soil, and installing a solar power generation device and a communication component on the surface.

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