Tunnel section deformation monitoring system and monitoring method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel deformation monitoring, and discloses a tunnel section deformation monitoring system and method, and the system comprises a monitoring point group module which comprises a plurality of groups of reflecting prisms and is installed on monitoring points of a tunnel section; the deformation monitoring module comprises a total station and a laser distance measuring sensor, the total station is used for detecting monitoring data of each reflecting prism, and the laser distance measuring sensor is used for detecting distance data of each reflecting prism; the data processing module is configured to perform reliability verification on the monitoring data according to the distance data, if the reliability verification is passed, the monitoring data is preprocessed, and the displacement and deformation of each monitoring point on the tunnel section are determined; and the deformation monitoring and early warning module is configured to perform deformation early warning according to the displacement amount and the deformation amount. By means of continuous monitoring and timely early warning of tunnel section deformation, reinforcement or other safety measures can be taken in advance, accidents are effectively prevented, and safety of constructors and tunnel users is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel deformation monitoring, and in particular to a tunnel section deformation monitoring system and a monitoring method. Background Art

[0002] As an important infrastructure in the fields of transportation, water conservancy and hydropower, and mining, the stability and safety of the tunnel structure are of vital importance during its construction and operation. The deformation of the tunnel section is one of the key factors affecting the stability and safety of the tunnel. Therefore, real-time and accurate monitoring of the deformation of the tunnel section is of great significance for timely discovering potential safety hazards and ensuring the safety of the tunnel and the surrounding environment.

[0003] Traditional tunnel section deformation monitoring methods mainly rely on manual regular inspections, such as using rulers, levels and other tools to measure the displacement of tunnel walls. This method is not only time-consuming and laborious, but also has a low monitoring frequency, making it difficult to achieve real-time monitoring and unable to capture the slight deformation of the tunnel section in time, resulting in potential safety hazards being difficult to detect in time.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a system that can comprehensively, real-time and accurately monitor tunnel section deformation to solve the problems in the existing technology, improve the efficiency and accuracy of tunnel section deformation monitoring, and provide strong guarantees for the safe and stable operation of the tunnel. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a tunnel section deformation monitoring system and a monitoring method, aiming to solve the above problems.

[0006] The present invention provides a tunnel section deformation monitoring system, comprising:

[0007] The monitoring point group module includes a plurality of groups of reflecting prisms, each group of reflecting prisms is installed at the monitoring points of the tunnel section, the monitoring points are located at the arch top position, the arch waist position and the side wall position, and each group of reflecting prisms is located on the same section;

[0008] The deformation monitoring module includes a total station and a laser distance sensor, wherein the total station and the laser distance sensor are installed at the same position, the total station is used to detect the monitoring data of each reflecting prism, and the laser distance sensor is used to detect the distance data of each reflecting prism;

[0009] a data processing module connected to the deformation monitoring module, the data processing module being configured to receive the monitoring data and distance data detected by the deformation monitoring module, and to perform reliability verification on the monitoring data according to the distance data, and if the reliability verification passes, to pre-process the monitoring data to determine the displacement and deformation of each monitoring point on the tunnel section;

[0010] The deformation monitoring and early warning module is configured to provide deformation early warning according to the displacement and deformation.

[0011] Preferably, the data processing module verifies the reliability of the monitoring data according to the distance data, including:

[0012] The monitoring data include horizontal angle, vertical angle and slant distance;

[0013] determining a distance difference between the distance data and the slant distance, and determining a ratio between the distance difference and the distance data;

[0014] Determine whether the ratio is within the allowable error range, and if the ratio is within the allowable error range, determine that the reliability verification of the monitoring data is passed;

[0015] If the ratio is not within the allowable error range, it is determined that the reliability verification of the monitoring data has failed.

[0016] Preferably, the ratio is determined according to the following formula:

[0017] Ratio = |distance data - slope distance| / distance data;

[0018] The allowable error range is [0, 0.03].

[0019] Preferably, the data processing module is also configured to reacquire the monitoring data through the deformation monitoring module and re-perform the reliability verification if the reliability verification fails; if the re-reliability verification fails, the same group of monitoring data corresponding to the slant distance that failed the reliability verification will be discarded.

[0020] Preferably, the data processing module pre-processes the monitoring data to determine the displacement and deformation of each monitoring point on the tunnel section, including:

[0021] Determine the three-dimensional coordinates of each monitoring point according to the monitoring data;

[0022] The displacement and deformation of the monitoring point are determined based on the three-dimensional coordinates.

[0023] Preferably, determining the three-dimensional coordinates of each monitoring point according to the monitoring data includes:

[0024] Set the station coordinates of the total station to (X0, Y0, Z0);

[0025] Determine the horizontal distance and height difference of the monitoring points according to the slope distance and the vertical angle;

[0026] Determine the X-coordinate increment and the Y-coordinate increment of the monitoring point according to the horizontal distance and the horizontal angle;

[0027] Determine the three-dimensional coordinates of the monitoring point based on the measuring station coordinates and the height difference, the X coordinate increment and the Y coordinate increment;

[0028] Wherein, the horizontal distance is calculated according to the following formula: HD=SD×cos(VA);

[0029] The height difference is calculated according to the following formula: ΔZ = SD × sin (VA);

[0030] The X-coordinate increment is calculated according to the following formula: △X = HD × sin (HA);

[0031] The Y coordinate increment is calculated according to the following formula: ΔY = HD × cos (HA);

[0032] The three-dimensional coordinates of the monitoring point (X, Y, Z) = (X0 + △X, Y0 + △Y, Z0 + △Z);

[0033] In the above formula, HA represents the horizontal angle, VA represents the vertical angle, SD represents the slant distance, HD represents the horizontal distance, △Z represents the height difference, △X represents the X-coordinate increment, and △Y represents the Y-coordinate increment.

[0034] Preferably, when determining the displacement and deformation of the monitoring point based on the three-dimensional coordinates, the method for determining the displacement is specifically as follows:

[0035] Set the three-dimensional coordinates of each monitoring point at the initial detection time t1 to (X1, Y1, Z1), and the three-dimensional coordinates at the current detection time t2 to (X2, Y2, Z2);

[0036] The displacement of the monitoring point is

[0037] Preferably, when determining the displacement and deformation of the monitoring point based on the three-dimensional coordinates, the method for determining the deformation is specifically as follows:

[0038] Set adjacent monitoring point A and monitoring point B, the three-dimensional coordinates of monitoring point A at the initial detection time t1 are (XA1, YA1, ZA1), and the three-dimensional coordinates at the current detection time t2 are (XA2, YA2, ZA2);

[0039] The three-dimensional coordinates of monitoring point B at the initial detection time t1 are (XB1, YB1, ZB1), and the three-dimensional coordinates at the current detection time t2 are (XB2, YB2, ZB2);

[0040] Determine the initial distance L1 between the monitoring point A and the monitoring point B at the initial detection time t1;

[0041] Determine the current distance L2 between the monitoring point A and the monitoring point B at the current detection time t2;

[0042] Determine the distance difference between the initial distance and the current distance, and set the distance difference as the deformation amount;

[0043] in,

[0044] The deformation amount is ΔL=|L2-L1|.

[0045] Preferably, the deformation monitoring and early warning module is configured to perform deformation early warning according to the displacement and deformation, including:

[0046] A displacement threshold and a deformation threshold are preset;

[0047] Comparing the displacement with the displacement threshold, and comparing the deformation with the deformation threshold;

[0048] If the displacement is greater than the displacement threshold, and / or the deformation is greater than the deformation threshold, a deformation warning is issued;

[0049] Otherwise, no deformation warning is issued.

[0050] The present invention also discloses a tunnel section deformation monitoring method, which is applied to the above-mentioned tunnel section deformation monitoring system, comprising:

[0051] Installing reflective prisms at monitoring points of the tunnel section, the monitoring points being located at the arch top, the arch waist and the side wall, and providing a plurality of groups of reflective prisms, and each group of reflective prisms being located at the same section;

[0052] The monitoring data of each reflective prism is obtained by using a total station, and the distance data of each reflective prism is obtained by using a laser distance sensor; the total station and the laser distance sensor are installed at the same position;

[0053] Performing reliability verification on the monitoring data according to the distance data, and if the reliability verification passes, preprocessing the monitoring data to determine the displacement and deformation of each monitoring point on the tunnel section;

[0054] A deformation warning is performed according to the displacement and deformation.

[0055] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is that by installing reflective prisms at key positions (vault, haunch and side wall) of the tunnel section, and combining the use of total station and laser ranging sensor, the micro deformation of the tunnel section can be accurately monitored, thereby improving the accuracy of deformation monitoring. The present application can collect monitoring data and distance data in real time, process and analyze the data immediately, and issue an early warning immediately once abnormal displacement or deformation is detected, which helps to timely discover potential safety hazards. The monitoring data is verified for reliability by the distance data detected by the laser ranging sensor, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the monitoring data and reducing the possibility of false alarms and missed reports. The data processing module automatically receives and processes the monitoring data and distance data, reducing manual intervention and improving the efficiency and accuracy of data processing. The design of the monitoring point group module ensures that all key parts of the tunnel section can be effectively monitored and provides comprehensive section deformation information. Through continuous monitoring and timely early warning of tunnel section deformation, reinforcement or other safety measures can be taken in advance to effectively prevent accidents and ensure the safety of construction personnel and tunnel users. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0056] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying any creative work.

[0057] Figure 1 It is a functional block diagram of a tunnel section deformation monitoring system of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 2 It is a schematic flow chart of a tunnel section deformation monitoring method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0059] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0060] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a tunnel section deformation monitoring system, comprising:

[0061] The monitoring point group module includes a plurality of groups of reflecting prisms, each group of reflecting prisms is installed at the monitoring points of the tunnel section, the monitoring points are located at the arch top position, the arch waist position and the side wall position, and each group of reflecting prisms is located on the same section;

[0062] The deformation monitoring module includes a total station and a laser distance sensor, wherein the total station and the laser distance sensor are installed at the same position, the total station is used to detect the monitoring data of each reflecting prism, and the laser distance sensor is used to detect the distance data of each reflecting prism;

[0063] a data processing module connected to the deformation monitoring module, the data processing module being configured to receive the monitoring data and distance data detected by the deformation monitoring module, and to perform reliability verification on the monitoring data according to the distance data, and if the reliability verification passes, to pre-process the monitoring data to determine the displacement and deformation of each monitoring point on the tunnel section;

[0064] The deformation monitoring and early warning module is configured to provide deformation early warning according to the displacement and deformation.

[0065] The present invention can realize all-round and high-precision deformation monitoring of the tunnel section. By installing reflective prisms at different positions of the tunnel section, the deformation of each key part of the tunnel can be captured. At the same time, the combination of the total station and the laser ranging sensor not only improves the accuracy of the measurement, but also ensures the reliability of the data. The data processing module can accurately calculate the displacement and deformation of each monitoring point on the tunnel section through preprocessing and analysis of the monitoring data, providing strong data support for subsequent deformation warning. The deformation monitoring and early warning module will issue early warning signals in time based on these key data, providing important guarantees for the safe operation of the tunnel. Overall, the system has the advantages of easy operation, accurate measurement, and timely early warning, and is suitable for deformation monitoring needs of various tunnel projects.

[0066] In some embodiments of the present application, the data processing module performs reliability verification on the monitoring data based on the distance data, including: the monitoring data includes a horizontal angle, a vertical angle, and a slant distance; determining a distance difference between the distance data and the slant distance, and determining a ratio between the distance difference and the distance data; judging whether the ratio is within an allowable error range, and if the ratio is within the allowable error range, determining that the reliability verification of the monitoring data has passed; if the ratio is not within the allowable error range, determining that the reliability verification of the monitoring data has failed.

[0067] The data processing module verifies the reliability of the monitoring data according to the distance data, and the specific steps include: first, obtaining the monitoring data, which includes three parameters: horizontal angle, vertical angle and slant distance. Then, using the distance data, it is compared with the slant distance provided by the monitoring device. Next, the distance difference between the distance data and the slant distance is calculated, that is, the absolute difference between the two is calculated. After that, the ratio between the distance difference and the distance data is determined, and this ratio reflects the relative error size of the monitoring data. Subsequently, it is determined whether the ratio is within the preset error tolerance range. The error tolerance range is pre-set according to the actual application scenario and the accuracy requirements of the monitoring equipment, and can be a fixed value or a variable interval. If the calculated ratio falls within this error tolerance range, it means that the error of the monitoring data is within an acceptable range, so it can be determined that the reliability verification of the monitoring data has passed. This means that the monitoring data is credible and can be used for subsequent data analysis and decision-making processes. On the contrary, if the calculated ratio exceeds the error tolerance range, it means that the error of the monitoring data is too large and the accuracy of the data cannot be guaranteed, so it is determined that the reliability verification of the monitoring data has not passed. In this case, the monitoring equipment needs to be checked and calibrated, or other measures need to be taken to ensure the accuracy of the data to avoid erroneous data leading to incorrect analysis and decision-making.

[0068] It can be understood that by comparing the ratio between the distance difference and the distance data, the monitoring data anomalies caused by environmental factors, equipment errors, etc. can be effectively identified, thereby ensuring that the data used for subsequent analysis has high accuracy. This method not only improves the efficiency of data processing, but also enhances the robustness of the entire monitoring system. After the reliability verification is passed, the data processing module further pre-processes the monitoring data, such as removing noise and smoothing data, to more accurately determine the displacement and deformation of each monitoring point on the tunnel section. This series of operations ensures the accuracy and reliability of the monitoring results and provides a solid foundation for subsequent deformation warnings. In addition, the technical solution also reflects a high degree of attention to detail and strict requirements for the quality of monitoring data, which is of great significance to the safe operation of tunnel projects.

[0069] In some embodiments of the present application, the ratio is determined according to the following formula:

[0070] Ratio = |distance data - slope distance| / distance data;

[0071] The allowable error range is [0, 0.03].

[0072] It is understandable that defining the ratio through a specific mathematical formula makes the reliability verification process more quantitative and clear. The setting of the allowable error range is a reasonable threshold value derived from actual engineering experience and data statistical analysis. It can ensure data accuracy while avoiding false alarms or omissions caused by overly strict judgment criteria. This quantitative verification method not only improves the degree of automation of data processing, but also reduces the subjectivity and uncertainty of human judgment. In practical applications, this technical solution can significantly improve the efficiency and accuracy of tunnel section deformation monitoring, and provide strong technical support for the safety monitoring and maintenance of tunnel projects.

[0073] In some embodiments of the present application, the data processing module is also configured to re-acquire the monitoring data through the deformation monitoring module and re-perform the reliability verification if the reliability verification fails; if the re-reliability verification fails, the same group of monitoring data corresponding to the slant distance that failed the reliability verification will be eliminated.

[0074] The data processing module is also configured to reacquire the monitoring data through the deformation monitoring module and re-perform the reliability verification if the reliability verification fails. If the re-revalidation fails, the same set of monitoring data corresponding to the slant distance that failed the reliability verification will be eliminated. Specifically, when the data processing module is analyzing the monitoring data, if it is found that the reliability of the data does not meet the predetermined threshold, it will trigger the deformation monitoring module to collect data again. This process may involve restarting the monitoring device or retrieving new data samples from the storage. Once the new data is collected, the data processing module will execute the reliability verification process again. If the monitoring data still fails to pass the reliability verification even after the data is re-acquired, the data processing module will perform a elimination operation to exclude these unreliable data from the final analysis results to ensure that the final monitoring report or the data used as the basis for decision-making are accurate and reliable.

[0075] It is understandable that the data that has not passed the reliability verification is automatically re-acquired and verified through the data processing module, which avoids the tediousness and possible errors of manual intervention and further improves the efficiency and accuracy of data processing. At the same time, the same set of monitoring data corresponding to the slant distance that has not passed the reliability verification is eliminated, which ensures the data quality of subsequent analysis and judgment, and provides more reliable data support for the safety monitoring and maintenance of tunnel projects. This automated and intelligent data processing method not only reduces the burden on staff, but also improves the stability and reliability of the entire monitoring system.

[0076] In some embodiments of the present application, the data processing module pre-processes the monitoring data to determine the displacement and deformation of each monitoring point on the tunnel section, including: determining the three-dimensional coordinates of each monitoring point according to the monitoring data; determining the displacement and deformation of the monitoring point based on the three-dimensional coordinates.

[0077] The data processing module pre-processes the monitoring data to determine the displacement and deformation of each monitoring point on the tunnel section, including: determining the three-dimensional coordinates of each monitoring point based on the monitoring data; determining the displacement and deformation of the monitoring point based on the three-dimensional coordinates. Specifically, after the data pre-processing is completed, the data processing module will use algorithms and mathematical models to calculate the three-dimensional coordinates of each monitoring point. This usually involves converting the relative position of the monitoring point into a position in an absolute coordinate system, which may require combining the initial design parameters of the tunnel and the layout information of the sensors installed on site. Once the three-dimensional coordinates are obtained, the data processing module will analyze the changes of these coordinates over time to determine the displacement and deformation of the monitoring point. Displacement refers to the distance the monitoring point moves relative to its initial position, while deformation describes the change in the shape or structure of the monitoring point. The data processing module will use various mathematical and engineering methods to quantify these changes, such as calculating displacement by comparing coordinate data at different time points, or evaluating deformation by analyzing the relative position changes between monitoring points.

[0078] It is understandable that by preprocessing the monitoring data through the data processing module, the displacement and deformation of each monitoring point on the tunnel section can be quickly and accurately calculated. First, the three-dimensional coordinates of each monitoring point are determined based on the monitoring data. This process relies on high-precision measurement technology and data processing algorithms to ensure the accuracy of the coordinates. Subsequently, based on these three-dimensional coordinates, the system can further analyze the displacement and deformation of the monitoring point, which is of great significance for evaluating the stability of the tunnel and timely discovering potential safety hazards. This technical solution not only improves the efficiency of data processing, but also ensures the accuracy of the analysis results, providing strong technical support for the monitoring and maintenance of tunnel projects.

[0079] In some embodiments of the present application, determining the three-dimensional coordinates of each monitoring point according to the monitoring data includes: setting the station coordinates of the total station to (X0, Y0, Z0); determining the horizontal distance and height difference of the monitoring point according to the slant distance and the vertical angle; determining the X coordinate increment and the Y coordinate increment of the monitoring point according to the horizontal distance and the horizontal angle; determining the three-dimensional coordinates of the monitoring point based on the station coordinates and the height difference, the X coordinate increment and the Y coordinate increment;

[0080] Wherein, the horizontal distance is calculated according to the following formula: HD=SD×cos(VA); the height difference is calculated according to the following formula: △Z=SD×sin(VA); the X coordinate increment is calculated according to the following formula: △X=HD×sin(HA); the Y coordinate increment is calculated according to the following formula: △Y=HD×cos(HA); the three-dimensional coordinates of the monitoring point (X, Y, Z)=(X0+△X, Y0+△Y, Z0+△Z); in the above formula, HA represents the horizontal angle, VA represents the vertical angle, SD represents the slant distance, HD represents the horizontal distance, △Z represents the height difference, △X represents the X coordinate increment, and △Y represents the Y coordinate increment.

[0081] It can be understood that the accurate acquisition of the three-dimensional coordinates of each monitoring point is ensured through detailed and precise calculation steps. First, the station coordinates of the total station are set as the reference point of the entire monitoring system. Then, the horizontal distance and height difference of the monitoring point can be calculated using the slant distance and vertical angle measured by the total station, combined with the height of the reflecting prism. On this basis, the X-coordinate increment and Y-coordinate increment of the monitoring point are further determined based on the horizontal angle and horizontal distance. Finally, the precise three-dimensional coordinates of the monitoring point can be obtained by combining the station coordinates and the calculated height difference, X-coordinate increment and Y-coordinate increment. This calculation process fully considers various factors in the measurement, ensures the accuracy and reliability of the three-dimensional coordinates, and provides a solid foundation for the subsequent analysis of the deformation of the tunnel section.

[0082] In some embodiments of the present application, when the displacement and deformation of the monitoring point are determined based on the three-dimensional coordinates, the method for determining the displacement is specifically as follows: setting the three-dimensional coordinates of each monitoring point at the initial detection time t1 to (X1, Y1, Z1), and the three-dimensional coordinates at the current detection time t2 to (X2, Y2, Z2);

[0083] The displacement of the monitoring point is

[0084] It can be understood that by comparing the three-dimensional coordinates of the monitoring point at the initial detection moment and the current detection moment, the displacement of the monitoring point can be intuitively and accurately reflected. First, the three-dimensional coordinates of each monitoring point at the initial detection moment are set as the basis for displacement calculation. Then, at the current detection moment, the three-dimensional coordinates of each monitoring point are measured and calculated again. Next, the displacement of the monitoring point is calculated based on the three-dimensional coordinates at the two moments using the calculation formula of spatial distance. This method is simple and clear, and can quickly derive the displacement of the monitoring point, providing important data support for evaluating the deformation condition of the tunnel. At the same time, since three-dimensional coordinates are used for calculation, the displacement of the monitoring point in space can be more comprehensively reflected, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of displacement measurement.

[0085] In some embodiments of the present application, when the displacement and deformation of the monitoring point are determined based on the three-dimensional coordinates, the method for determining the deformation is specifically as follows: adjacent monitoring point A and monitoring point B are set, and the three-dimensional coordinates of monitoring point A at the initial detection time t1 are (XA1, YA1, ZA1), and the three-dimensional coordinates at the current detection time t2 are (XA2, YA2, ZA2); the three-dimensional coordinates of monitoring point B at the initial detection time t1 are (XB1, YB1, ZB1), and the three-dimensional coordinates at the current detection time t2 are (XB2, YB2, ZB2); determine the initial distance L1 between monitoring point A and monitoring point B at the initial detection time t1; determine the current distance L2 between monitoring point A and monitoring point B at the current detection time t2; determine the distance difference between the initial distance and the current distance, and set the distance difference as the deformation;

[0086] in,

[0087]

[0088] The deformation amount is ΔL=|L2-L1|.

[0089] It can be understood that by comparing the three-dimensional coordinates of adjacent monitoring points at the initial detection time and the current detection time, the distance change between them, that is, the deformation, can be accurately calculated. First, the three-dimensional coordinates of the adjacent monitoring points at the initial detection time are set as the basis for calculating the deformation. At the current detection time, the three-dimensional coordinates of each monitoring point are measured and calculated again. Then, according to the calculation formula for the distance between two points in space, the distance between the adjacent monitoring points at the initial detection time and the current detection time is calculated respectively. Then, by comparing the distance values ​​at these two times, the distance difference, that is, the deformation, is obtained. This method not only takes into account the displacement of a single monitoring point, but also takes into account the distance change between adjacent monitoring points, so that the deformation of the tunnel can be more comprehensively reflected. At the same time, since three-dimensional coordinates are used for calculation, the deformation of the tunnel in space can be more accurately reflected, which improves the accuracy and reliability of deformation measurement. The implementation of this technical solution provides strong support for deformation monitoring of tunnels, helps to timely discover and deal with potential deformation problems, and ensures the safe operation of tunnels.

[0090] In some embodiments of the present application, the deformation monitoring and early warning module is configured to perform deformation early warning based on the displacement and deformation, including: pre-setting a displacement threshold and a deformation threshold; comparing the displacement with the displacement threshold, and comparing the deformation with the deformation threshold; if the displacement is greater than the displacement threshold, and / or the deformation is greater than the deformation threshold, a deformation early warning is performed; otherwise, no deformation early warning is performed.

[0091] The deformation monitoring and early warning module is configured to perform deformation early warning based on displacement and deformation. The specific implementation steps are as follows: First, the system will pre-set a series of displacement thresholds and deformation thresholds, which are determined based on historical data, engineering standards or expert experience to distinguish between normal states and potentially dangerous states. During the monitoring process, the deformation monitoring and early warning module collects displacement and deformation data in real time. Subsequently, the module compares and analyzes the displacement monitored in real time with the pre-set displacement threshold. Similarly, the deformation data will also be compared with the corresponding deformation threshold. Through this comparison, the system can determine whether the current displacement and deformation exceed the safety range. If the monitoring results show that the displacement is greater than the set displacement threshold, or the deformation is greater than the set deformation threshold, this indicates that the structure may be in an unstable state or potentially dangerous. In this case, the deformation monitoring and early warning module will immediately trigger the deformation early warning mechanism to ensure personnel safety and structural stability by issuing an alarm, notifying relevant personnel or initiating emergency measures. On the contrary, if neither the displacement nor the deformation exceeds their respective thresholds, the deformation monitoring and early warning module determines that the current state is safe and does not perform a deformation early warning. The system will continue to monitor until new data is input and then conduct comparative analysis again. Through this dynamic monitoring and real-time early warning mechanism, safety accidents caused by structural deformation can be effectively prevented and reduced.

[0092] It is understandable that by setting reasonable displacement thresholds and deformation thresholds, the system can automatically determine whether the deformation of the tunnel exceeds the safety range. Once the displacement or deformation exceeds the preset threshold, the system immediately triggers a deformation warning, reminding relevant personnel to take timely measures to deal with it. This automated early warning mechanism greatly improves the efficiency and response speed of tunnel deformation monitoring, and helps to reduce safety accidents caused by deformation problems. At the same time, by comparing the relationship between displacement and deformation and the threshold, the system can also provide a more accurate deformation status assessment, providing strong data support for tunnel maintenance and management. The implementation of this technical solution not only improves the intelligence level of tunnel deformation monitoring, but also provides a solid guarantee for the long-term safe operation of the tunnel.

[0093] like Figure 2 As shown, the present invention also discloses a tunnel section deformation monitoring method, which is applied to the above-mentioned tunnel section deformation monitoring system, comprising:

[0094] The reflective prisms are installed on the monitoring points of the tunnel section, which are located at the arch top, arch waist and side wall. The reflective prisms are arranged in several groups, and each group of reflective prisms is located on the same section.

[0095] The monitoring data of each reflecting prism is obtained by using a total station, and the distance data of each reflecting prism is obtained by using a laser distance measuring sensor; the total station and the laser distance measuring sensor are installed at the same position.

[0096] The monitoring data is reliability verified according to the distance data. If the reliability verification is passed, the monitoring data is preprocessed to determine the displacement and deformation of each monitoring point on the tunnel section.

[0097] A deformation warning is performed according to the displacement and deformation.

[0098] The present invention combines a reflective prism installed at a key position of the tunnel section with a high-precision total station and a laser ranging sensor, and the method can realize real-time monitoring of the deformation of the tunnel section. The setting of the reflective prism not only covers key areas such as the vault, the arch waist and the side wall, but also each group of reflective prisms is located on the same section, ensuring the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the monitoring data. The monitoring data is obtained by using a total station, and combined with the distance data provided by the laser ranging sensor, the reliability of the data is further enhanced. By preprocessing the monitoring data, the displacement and deformation of each monitoring point can be accurately calculated, providing a scientific basis for subsequent deformation warning. In addition, the method effectively eliminates possible error data through a reliability verification step, thereby improving the accuracy of the monitoring results. The implementation of this monitoring method not only improves the efficiency and accuracy of tunnel deformation monitoring, but also provides more reliable data support for tunnel maintenance and management.

[0099] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify or replace the technical solution of the present invention with equivalents, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot cause the modified technical solution to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

[0100] The system provided in the above embodiment is only illustrated by the division of the above functional modules. In practical applications, the above functions can be assigned to different functional modules as needed, that is, the modules or steps in the embodiments of the present invention can be decomposed or combined. For example, the modules in the above embodiment can be combined into one module, or further divided into multiple sub-modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. The names of the modules and steps involved in the embodiments of the present invention are only for distinguishing the modules or steps, and are not regarded as improper limitations of the present invention.

[0101] Those skilled in the art should be able to appreciate that the modules and method steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented with electronic hardware, computer software or a combination of the two, and the programs corresponding to the software modules and method steps can be placed in random access memory (RAM), internal memory, read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM, registers, hard disks, removable disks, CD-ROMs or any other form of storage medium known in the technical field. In order to clearly illustrate the interchangeability of electronic hardware and software, the composition and steps of each example have been generally described in the above description according to the function. Whether these functions are performed in electronic hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to exceed the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tunnel section deformation monitoring system, characterized in that: include: The monitoring point group module includes a plurality of groups of reflecting prisms, each group of reflecting prisms is installed at the monitoring points of the tunnel section, the monitoring points are located at the arch top position, the arch waist position and the side wall position, and each group of reflecting prisms is located on the same section; The deformation monitoring module includes a total station and a laser distance sensor, wherein the total station and the laser distance sensor are installed at the same position, the total station is used to detect the monitoring data of each reflecting prism, and the laser distance sensor is used to detect the distance data of each reflecting prism; a data processing module connected to the deformation monitoring module, the data processing module being configured to receive the monitoring data and distance data detected by the deformation monitoring module, and to perform reliability verification on the monitoring data according to the distance data, and if the reliability verification passes, to pre-process the monitoring data to determine the displacement and deformation of each monitoring point on the tunnel section; The deformation monitoring and early warning module is configured to provide deformation early warning according to the displacement and deformation.

2. The tunnel section deformation monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data processing module verifies the reliability of the monitoring data according to the distance data, including: The monitoring data include horizontal angle, vertical angle and slant distance; determining a distance difference between the distance data and the slant distance, and determining a ratio between the distance difference and the distance data; Determine whether the ratio is within the allowable error range, and if the ratio is within the allowable error range, determine that the reliability verification of the monitoring data is passed; If the ratio is not within the allowable error range, it is determined that the reliability verification of the monitoring data has failed.

3. The tunnel section deformation monitoring system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The ratio is determined according to the following formula: Ratio = |distance data - slope distance| / distance data; The allowable error range is [0, 0.03].

4. The tunnel section deformation monitoring system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The data processing module is also configured to reacquire the monitoring data through the deformation monitoring module and re-perform the reliability verification if the reliability verification fails; if the re-reliability verification fails, the same group of monitoring data corresponding to the slant distance that failed the reliability verification is discarded.

5. The tunnel section deformation monitoring system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The data processing module pre-processes the monitoring data to determine the displacement and deformation of each monitoring point on the tunnel section, including: Determine the three-dimensional coordinates of each monitoring point according to the monitoring data; The displacement and deformation of the monitoring point are determined based on the three-dimensional coordinates.

6. The tunnel section deformation monitoring system according to claim 5, characterized in that: Determining the three-dimensional coordinates of each monitoring point according to the monitoring data includes: Set the station coordinates of the total station to (X0, Y0, Z0); Determine the horizontal distance and height difference of the monitoring points according to the slope distance and the vertical angle; Determine the X-coordinate increment and the Y-coordinate increment of the monitoring point according to the horizontal distance and the horizontal angle; Determine the three-dimensional coordinates of the monitoring point based on the measuring station coordinates and the height difference, the X coordinate increment and the Y coordinate increment; Wherein, the horizontal distance is calculated according to the following formula: HD=SD×cos(VA); The height difference is calculated according to the following formula: ΔZ = SD × sin (VA); The X-coordinate increment is calculated according to the following formula: △X = HD × sin (HA); The Y coordinate increment is calculated according to the following formula: ΔY = HD × cos (HA); The three-dimensional coordinates of the monitoring point (X, Y, Z) = (X0 + △X, Y0 + △Y, Z0 + △Z); In the above formula, HA represents the horizontal angle, VA represents the vertical angle, SD represents the slant distance, HD represents the horizontal distance, △Z represents the height difference, △X represents the X-coordinate increment, and △Y represents the Y-coordinate increment.

7. The tunnel section deformation monitoring system according to claim 5, characterized in that: When determining the displacement and deformation of the monitoring point based on the three-dimensional coordinates, the method for determining the displacement is specifically as follows: Set the three-dimensional coordinates of each monitoring point at the initial detection time t1 to (X1, Y1, Z1), and the three-dimensional coordinates at the current detection time t2 to (X2, Y2, Z2); The displacement of the monitoring point is 8. The tunnel section deformation monitoring system according to claim 5, characterized in that: When determining the displacement and deformation of the monitoring point based on the three-dimensional coordinates, the method for determining the deformation is specifically as follows: Set adjacent monitoring point A and monitoring point B, the three-dimensional coordinates of monitoring point A at the initial detection time t1 are (XA1, YA1, ZA1), and the three-dimensional coordinates at the current detection time t2 are (XA2, YA2, ZA2); The three-dimensional coordinates of monitoring point B at the initial detection time t1 are (XB1, YB1, ZB1), and the three-dimensional coordinates at the current detection time t2 are (XB2, YB2, ZB2); Determine the initial distance L1 between the monitoring point A and the monitoring point B at the initial detection time t1; Determine the current distance L2 between the monitoring point A and the monitoring point B at the current detection time t2; Determine the distance difference between the initial distance and the current distance, and set the distance difference as the deformation amount; in, The deformation amount is ΔL=|L2-L1|.

9. The tunnel section deformation monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The deformation monitoring and early warning module is configured to perform deformation early warning according to the displacement and deformation, including: A displacement threshold and a deformation threshold are preset; Comparing the displacement with the displacement threshold, and comparing the deformation with the deformation threshold; If the displacement is greater than the displacement threshold, and / or the deformation is greater than the deformation threshold, a deformation warning is issued; Otherwise, no deformation warning is issued.

10. A tunnel section deformation monitoring method, applied to the tunnel section deformation monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: include: Installing reflective prisms at monitoring points of the tunnel section, the monitoring points being located at the arch top, the arch waist and the side wall, and providing a plurality of groups of reflective prisms, and each group of reflective prisms being located at the same section; The monitoring data of each reflective prism is obtained by using a total station, and the distance data of each reflective prism is obtained by using a laser distance sensor; the total station and the laser distance sensor are installed at the same position; Performing reliability verification on the monitoring data according to the distance data, and if the reliability verification passes, preprocessing the monitoring data to determine the displacement and deformation of each monitoring point on the tunnel section; A deformation warning is performed according to the displacement and deformation.

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