Tunnel deformation monitoring device

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel monitoring devices, and particularly relates to a tunnel deformation monitoring device which comprises an arched supporting device, a movable monitoring device and an anchor rod device. The arched supporting device is composed of an outer ring and an inner ring, and an adjusting groove is reserved between the outer ring and the inner ring. The outer side ring wall of the outer ring is provided with a pulley groove which is concave inwards, the outer side ring wall of the inner ring and the inner side ring wall of the outer ring are both provided with gear grooves, and the gear groove of the inner ring is internally provided with uniform tooth edges which are convex outwards; the anchor rod devices are uniformly distributed along the top of the rear side wall of the outer ring; according to the scheme, more comprehensive data is obtained in a dynamic and static combined mode, and the method is more flexible. The movable monitoring device can move on the arched supporting device and flexibly monitor different positions; the static device is stably installed and continuously provides basic data, dynamic and static monitoring complementation is achieved, monitoring flexibility and accuracy are improved, and tunnel deformation can be found more timely and comprehensively.

Description

Technical Field

[0002] The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel monitoring devices, and in particular to a tunnel deformation monitoring device. Background Art

[0003] With the continuous development of transportation infrastructure construction, tunnel engineering has been widely used in highway, railway and other fields; the safe and stable operation of tunnels is of vital importance, and tunnel deformation is one of the key factors affecting its safety; At present, tunnel deformation monitoring technologies mainly include traditional manual measurement methods and some automated monitoring methods. Manual measurement methods, such as using total stations and levels for regular measurement, have problems such as low measurement frequency, low efficiency, and poor data real-time performance, which makes it difficult to meet the dynamic monitoring needs of tunnel deformation. In addition, the accuracy of manual measurement is greatly affected by the technical level of the surveyors and environmental conditions. Among the automated monitoring methods, some devices that use fixed-point monitoring can only obtain deformation information at limited locations and cannot fully reflect the overall deformation of the tunnel. It is difficult to accurately capture the complex deformation characteristics of the tunnel, resulting in reduced accuracy and reliability of the monitoring data; It is based on the above reasons that we propose a tunnel deformation monitoring device. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a tunnel deformation monitoring device to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a tunnel deformation monitoring device, comprising an arch support device, a mobile monitoring device and an anchor device; The arch support device is composed of an outer ring and an inner ring, and an adjustment groove is reserved between the outer ring and the inner ring; the outer ring wall of the outer ring is provided with an inwardly recessed pulley groove, the outer ring wall of the inner ring and the inner ring wall of the outer ring are both provided with a gear groove, and the gear groove of the inner ring is provided with uniformly outwardly protruding tooth edges; The anchor rod device is evenly distributed along the top of the rear side wall of the outer ring, and comprises a fixing block, a fixing bolt and an anchor rod, and an anchor rod head is installed at one end of the anchor rod away from the inner wall of the tunnel; The mobile monitoring device includes a mobile positioning device and a balance monitoring device; The mobile locator includes a laser locator, a displacement drive motor and a suspension frame, wherein the top of the suspension frame is clamped on the outer ring wall of the outer ring; the middle part of the suspension frame is equipped with a displacement drive motor, and the rear end of the displacement drive motor is equipped with a drive wheel, which is clamped in the gear groove backwards; The balance monitoring device includes a balance frame, a winch, a drooping monitor, a mounting frame, a fixing frame and a balance shaft; the balance monitoring device is located at the rear side of the outer ring and is supported by a mobile positioning device, and the balance monitoring device moves synchronously with the mobile positioning device; The drooping monitor is located below the center of gravity of the balancing frame; the pendulum line structure formed by the balancing frame and the drooping monitor always maintains a vertical downward state; and a gyroscope is installed in the inner cavity of the drooping monitor.

[0006] Preferably, support feet are provided at the bottom of the left and right ends of the arch support device, and the support feet are installed in the tunnel by welding or bolting, and the outer ring and the inner ring are fixed on the support feet; a lateral locator is installed on the rear side of the outer ring, and the lateral locator includes a laser emitter and a laser reflector, and the laser emitter and the laser reflector are symmetrical on the left and right.

[0007] Preferably, the fixing bolt is fixed on the side wall of the outer ring, the fixing block is L-shaped, and one side of the fixing block is rotatably sleeved on the fixing bolt, and an anchor hole is opened on the other side of the fixing block, the anchor rod is inserted into the anchor hole, and the anchor rod extends outward and is inserted into the inner wall of the tunnel; a vibration sensor is installed in the anchor head, and a strain gauge is installed at the connection between the anchor head and the anchor rod.

[0008] Preferably, a pulley is installed on one side of the suspension frame close to the pulley groove of the outer ring, and the pulley is installed downward in the pulley groove; the height of the suspension frame is lower than the length of the fixed block, and the movement of the suspension frame is not affected when the fixed block is installed on the inner wall of the tunnel; the driving wheel is evenly provided with inwardly recessed tooth grooves, and the tooth grooves are inwardly meshed with the tooth edges; the mobile monitoring device drives the driving wheel to move orderly in the gear groove by a displacement drive motor; a circular guard plate is installed at the position of the displacement drive motor close to the outer ring, and a ball is provided at the junction of the circular guard plate and the outer ring to assist movement and reduce friction when the mobile monitoring device is displaced.

[0009] Preferably, a laser locator is installed at the bottom of the suspension frame, the laser locator emits a laser beam backward, and a reflector is installed at the front end of the laser locator. When in use, multiple sets of monitoring devices are installed in the tunnel, and adjacent monitoring devices correspond to each other front and back, and any laser locator corresponds to the adjacent reflector front and back; Two upper and lower fans are arranged on the outside of the laser locator, which blow the hot air inside the laser locator outwards. In addition, multiple heat sinks are plugged into the inner cavity of the laser locator. The heat sinks are heat conductive plates, which are responsible for transferring the heat inside the laser locator through heat conduction to improve the heat dissipation efficiency.

[0010] Preferably, a balancing shaft is installed in the middle of the mounting frame, a supporting sleeve is installed on the front side of the balancing shaft, the supporting sleeve is sleeved forward on the transmission shaft of the displacement drive motor, and a self-rotating bearing is provided at one end of the inner cavity of the supporting sleeve close to the transmission shaft, so that the supporting sleeve will not rotate with the transmission shaft; The left and right sides of the mounting frame are symmetrically fixed with fixing frames, and the other end of the fixing frame is fixed on the circular protective plate, and a fixing rod is connected between the fixing frame and the supporting sleeve.

[0011] Preferably, a balancing frame is provided at the rear end of the mounting frame, the balancing frame is fixed to the rear end of the balancing shaft, and a rotating bearing is installed at the connection between the balancing frame and the balancing shaft, and the balancing frame rotates with the balancing shaft as a support point; A winch is installed below the balance frame, a drooping monitor is arranged at the bottom of the winch, and a suspension rope is connected between the drooping monitor and the winch.

[0012] Preferably, a counterweight is provided at the bottom of the drooping monitor; a monitoring sensor mounting frame is installed on the top of the balance frame, and a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a vibration sensor, and a GPS / Beidou locator are installed on the monitoring sensor mounting frame.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This solution uses a combination of dynamic mobile monitoring devices and static arch support devices and anchor devices to obtain more comprehensive data with greater flexibility. The mobile monitoring device can move on the arch support device to flexibly monitor different locations; the static device is firmly installed to continuously provide basic data, realizing the complementarity of dynamic and static monitoring, improving the flexibility and accuracy of monitoring, and being able to detect tunnel deformation more timely and comprehensively; The mobile locator achieves high-precision positioning and displacement monitoring through the cooperation of the laser locator and the reflector, as well as the precise meshing of the drive wheel and the gear groove; the gyroscope in the balance monitoring device can accurately detect the change in the inclination angle of the tunnel. These high-precision monitoring methods ensure that the acquired data is accurate and reliable, providing strong support for tunnel deformation analysis; With remote control function, the staff can remotely control the operation of the device through the monitoring platform or mobile terminal and flexibly adjust the monitoring plan. It can also be integrated with other safety monitoring systems in the tunnel (such as fire alarm system, ventilation system, etc.) to achieve data sharing and collaborative work, providing support for intelligent and refined management of the tunnel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 It is a front view of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a rear view of the present invention; Figure 3 is an isometric view of the present invention; Figure 4 It is an enlarged view of the installation position of the mobile monitoring device and the arch support device of the present invention; Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 Side view of Figure 6 It is a rear view of the mobile monitoring device of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a side view of the mobile monitoring device of the present invention; Figure 8 It is a side view of the balance monitoring device of the present invention; Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the anchor device of the present invention.

[0015] In the figure: 10 arch support device, 101 outer ring, 102 inner ring, 103 adjustment groove, 104 gear groove; 20 mobile monitoring devices; 201 mobile locator, 20101 laser locator, 20102 heat sink, 20103 fan, 20104 reflector, 20105 displacement drive motor, 20106 suspension frame, 20107 pulley, 20108 drive wheel; 202 balance monitoring device, 20201 balance frame, 20202 winch, 20203 drooping monitor, 20204 lifting rope, 20205 monitoring sensor mounting frame, 20206 mounting frame, 20207 support sleeve, 20208 fixing frame, 20209 balance shaft; 30 anchor rod device, 301 fixing block, 302 fixing bolt, 303 anchor rod, 304 anchor rod head, 305 vibration sensor; 40 Lateral positioners. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0018] Example: See also Figure 1-9 , the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a tunnel deformation monitoring device, comprising an arch support device 10, a mobile monitoring device 20 and an anchor device 30; The arch support device 10 is composed of an outer ring 101 and an inner ring 102, and an adjustment groove 103 is reserved between the outer ring 101 and the inner ring 102; Support feet are provided at the bottom of the left and right ends of the arch support device 10. The support feet are installed in the tunnel by welding or bolting, and the outer ring 101 and the inner ring 102 are fixed on the support feet; The outer ring wall of the outer ring 101 is provided with an inwardly recessed pulley groove, the outer ring wall of the inner ring 102 and the inner ring wall of the outer ring 101 are both provided with a gear groove 104, and the gear groove 104 of the inner ring 102 is provided with uniformly outwardly protruding tooth edges; The anchor rod device 30 is evenly distributed along the top of the rear side wall of the outer ring 101. The anchor rod device 30 includes a fixing block 301, a fixing bolt 302 and an anchor rod 303. The fixing bolt 302 is fixed to the side wall of the outer ring 101. The fixing block 301 is L-shaped, and one side of the fixing block 301 is rotatably sleeved on the fixing bolt 302. An anchor rod hole is opened on the other side of the fixing block 301. The anchor rod 303 is inserted into the anchor rod hole. The anchor rod 303 extends outward and is inserted into the inner wall of the tunnel. A fixing hole corresponding to the anchor rod 303 is drilled in advance on the inner wall of the tunnel. An anchor head 304 is installed at one end of the anchor rod 303 away from the inner wall of the tunnel, a vibration sensor 305 is installed in the anchor head 304, and a strain gauge is installed at the connection between the anchor head 304 and the anchor rod 303; A transverse positioner 40 is installed on the rear side of the outer ring 101. The transverse positioner 40 includes a laser emitter and a laser reflector, and the laser emitter and the laser reflector are symmetrical. A fixing block 301 and a fixing bolt 302 are also installed on the transverse positioner 40. It should be noted that the installation position of the transverse positioner 40 in the scheme can be changed as needed, and it only needs to be kept horizontal on the outer ring 101 during installation. The mobile monitoring device 20 is installed on the arch support device 10, and the mobile monitoring device 20 includes a mobile positioning device 201 and a balance monitoring device 202; The mobile positioning device 201 includes a laser positioning device 20101, a displacement drive motor 20105 and a suspension frame 20106. The top of the suspension frame 20106 extends upward and is clamped on the outer ring wall of the outer ring 101. A pulley 20107 is installed on the side of the suspension frame 20106 close to the pulley groove of the outer ring 101, and the pulley 20107 is installed downward in the pulley groove. The height of the hanging bracket 20106 is lower than the length of the fixing block 301, and when the fixing block 301 is installed on the inner wall of the tunnel, the movement of the hanging bracket 20106 is not affected; A displacement drive motor 20105 is installed in the middle of the suspension frame 20106, and a transmission shaft is installed backwards of the displacement drive motor 20105. A driving wheel 20108 is installed at the rear end of the transmission shaft. The driving wheel 20108 is clamped backwards in the gear groove 104. The driving wheel 20108 is evenly provided with inwardly concave tooth grooves, and the tooth grooves are inwardly meshed with the tooth edges; The mobile monitoring device 20 utilizes the displacement drive motor 20105 to drive the drive wheel 20108 to move orderly in the gear groove 104, and the meshing of the tooth edge and the tooth groove helps to exert force during directional movement; A circular protective disc is installed near the outer ring 101 of the displacement driving motor 20105, and a ball is provided at the junction of the circular protective disc and the outer ring 101 to assist the movement and reduce friction when the mobile monitoring device 20 is displaced; A laser locator 20101 is installed at the bottom of the suspension frame 20106. The laser locator 20101 emits a laser beam backwards. A reflector 20104 is installed at the front end of the laser locator 20101. When in use, multiple sets of monitoring devices are installed in the tunnel, and adjacent monitoring devices correspond to each other front and back. Any laser locator 20101 corresponds to the adjacent reflector 20104 front and back. Two upper and lower fans 20103 are arranged on the outside of the laser locator 20101. The two fans 20103 blow the hot air in the laser locator 20101 outwards. In addition, a plurality of heat sinks 20102 are plugged into the inner cavity of the laser locator 20101. The heat sinks 20102 are heat conducting sheets responsible for transferring the heat inside the laser locator 20101 through heat conduction to improve the heat dissipation efficiency. The balance monitoring device 202 includes a balance frame 20201, a winch 20202, a droop monitor 20203, a mounting frame 20206, a fixing frame 20208 and a balance shaft 20209; The balance monitoring device 202 is located at the rear side of the outer ring 101 and is supported by the mobile positioning device 201. The balance monitoring device 202 and the mobile positioning device 201 move synchronously. A balancing shaft 20209 is installed in the middle of the mounting frame 20206, and a supporting sleeve 20207 is installed on the front side of the balancing shaft 20209. The supporting sleeve 20207 is sleeved forward on the transmission shaft of the displacement driving motor 20105. A self-rotating bearing is provided at one end of the inner cavity of the supporting sleeve 20207 close to the transmission shaft, so that the supporting sleeve 20207 will not rotate with the transmission shaft. The mounting frame 20206 is symmetrically fixed with a fixing frame 20208 on both sides, and the other end of the fixing frame 20208 is fixed on the circular protective plate. At the same time, a fixing rod is connected between the fixing frame 20208 and the supporting sleeve 20207, so that the mounting frame 20206 is well supported; A balancing frame 20201 is provided at the rear end of the mounting frame 20206. The balancing frame 20201 is fixed to the rear end of the balancing shaft 20209. A rotating bearing is installed at the connection between the balancing frame 20201 and the balancing shaft 20209. The balancing frame 20201 rotates with the balancing shaft 20209 as a support point. A winch 20202 is installed below the balancing frame 20201, a drooping monitor 20203 is provided at the bottom of the winch 20202, and a suspension rope 20204 is connected between the drooping monitor 20203 and the winch 20202; a counterweight is provided at the bottom of the drooping monitor 20203; the drooping monitor 20203 is located below the center of gravity of the balancing frame 20201, forming a stable pendant line structure; when the balancing monitoring device 202 is displaced along with the mobile positioner 201, the pendant line structure formed by the balancing frame 20201 and the drooping monitor 20203 always maintains a vertical downward state; a gyroscope is installed in the inner cavity of the drooping monitor 20203; A monitoring sensor mounting frame 20205 is installed on the top of the balance frame 20201, and a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a vibration sensor, and a GPS / Beidou locator are installed on the monitoring sensor mounting frame 20205; The mobile monitoring device 20 is equipped with a control system, which is connected to the monitoring platform via a communication optical cable and shares monitoring data in real time; This solution provides a tunnel deformation monitoring device that can combine dynamic and static monitoring, aiming to improve the flexibility and accuracy of tunnel monitoring, and monitor and warn abnormal deformation in the tunnel; during installation, each arch support device 10 is used as a monitoring point, and is installed in sequence along the extension direction of the tunnel. During installation, adjacent arch support devices 10 correspond to each other to ensure that a complete ray backtracking is formed between the laser locator 20101 and the adjacent reflector 20104; Similarly, in terms of linear distance, the monitoring device of the present solution can monitor at intervals and flexibly link with the monitoring devices at different monitoring points; for example, to drive the mobile positioning device 201 to change its position on the arch support device 10, it is only necessary to establish a laser reflection connection with the interval monitoring device, which is very convenient and flexible; according to the above principle, monitoring can also be performed at any position within the adjustment range of the arch support device 10, making data acquisition more comprehensive and objective; The balance monitoring device 202 is an auxiliary calibration device for the mobile positioning instrument 201. The pendant line structure it has enables the drooping monitor 20203 to always remain vertically downward. The gyroscope in the drooping monitor 20203 can detect the tilt state of the arch support device 10. The drooping monitor 20203 has two modes. One is to use the winch 20202 to retract the drooping monitor 20203 upward, so that the drooping monitor 20203 is attached to the bottom of the winch 20202 to keep it taut and will not swing at will; the other is to use the winch 20202 to extend the drooping monitor 20203 downward, and use gravity to make the drooping monitor 20203 droop naturally, which can be easily observed by naked eyes when the arch support device 10 is installed, providing assistance for installation. At the same time, the monitoring sensor mounting frame 20205 on the balance monitoring device 202 can provide more comprehensive data of the monitoring point, which is convenient for accurately grasping the monitoring data; In addition, vibration sensors and strain gauges for monitoring are provided on the anchor device 30, so that when the installation position of the anchor 303 changes, the change data can be monitored in time; after comprehensive monitoring data, it can be determined whether there is deformation or settlement in a certain monitoring point or the monitoring area formed by the monitoring points.

[0019] The scheme works as follows: Arch support and anchor fixing principle: the arch support device 10 is composed of an outer ring 101 and an inner ring 102, and an adjustment groove 103 is reserved between the two to serve as an adjustment gap; the arch support device 10 is installed in the tunnel by welding or bolting through the support feet at the bottom of the left and right ends, and the outer ring 101 and the inner ring 102 are fixed on the support feet to form a basic support structure; the anchor device 30 is evenly distributed along the top of the rear side wall of the outer ring 101, and the fixing bolts 302 are fixed to the side wall of the outer ring 101, and the L-shaped fixing block 301 is rotatably sleeved on the fixed The other side of the fixed bolt 302 is provided with an anchor hole, and the anchor 303 is inserted into the anchor hole and extends to the fixing hole of the inner wall of the tunnel; in this way, the anchor device 30 tightly connects the arch support device 10 with the inner wall of the tunnel to enhance the overall stability; when the inner wall of the tunnel is deformed, the force on the anchor 303 changes, and the vibration sensor 305 in the anchor head 304 can detect the vibration signal, and the strain gauge at the connection between the anchor head 304 and the anchor 303 can sense the strain change, and these change data are collected in real time to analyze and determine the deformation of the inner wall of the tunnel; Principle of mobile monitoring: The mobile locator 201 in the mobile monitoring device 20 has a suspension frame 20106 whose top extends upward and is clamped on the outer ring wall of the outer ring 101, and the pulley 20107 installed on one side of the pulley groove of the outer ring 101 is embedded in the pulley groove to provide guidance and support for the movement of the mobile locator 201; the displacement drive motor 20105 in the middle of the suspension frame 20106 is installed with a transmission shaft backward, and the driving wheel 20108 at the rear end of the transmission shaft is clamped in the gear groove 104 of the inner ring 102, and the tooth groove on the driving wheel 20108 is meshed with the tooth edge in the gear groove 104 of the inner ring 102; when the displacement drive motor 20105 is started, it drives the driving wheel 20108 to rotate in the gear groove 104, so that the mobile locator 201 moves along the arch support device 10; the laser locator 20101 at the bottom of the suspension frame 20106 emits a laser beam backward, and among the multiple groups of monitoring devices installed in the tunnel, the laser locators 20101 of adjacent devices correspond to the reflectors 20104 in front and back; through the emission, reflection and reception of lasers, the position of the mobile locator 201 and the relative position relationship between the monitoring points can be accurately determined, so as to monitor the deformation of the tunnel in the horizontal direction; at the same time, the upper and lower fans 20103 on the outside of the laser locator 20101 and the multiple heat sinks 20102 in the inner cavity work together to dissipate the heat generated by the laser locator 20101 in time, ensure that it works stably in a suitable temperature environment, and improve the accuracy and reliability of positioning; Balance monitoring principle: the balance monitoring device 202 is located at the rear side of the outer ring 101, relying on the mobile positioning instrument 201 as support and moving synchronously with it; the support sleeve 20207 is installed on the front side of the balance shaft 20209 in the middle of the mounting frame 20206, and the support sleeve 20207 is sleeved forward on the transmission shaft of the displacement drive motor 20105, and the inner cavity of the support sleeve 20207 is close to the self-rotating bearing at one end of the transmission shaft so that it will not rotate with the transmission shaft; the other end of the fixed frame 20208 symmetrically fixed on the left and right sides of the mounting frame 20206 is fixed on the circular guard plate, and at the same time, a fixing rod is connected between the fixed frame 20208 and the support sleeve 20207 to ensure the stable support of the mounting frame 20206; the balance frame 20201 at the rear end of the mounting frame 20206 is fixed to the rear end of the balance shaft 20209, and the rotating axis at the connection between the two The balance frame 20201 can rotate with the balance shaft 20209 as the support point; the winch 20202 under the balance frame 20201 is connected to the drooping monitor 20203, and the counterweight block at the bottom of the drooping monitor 20203 makes it form a stable pendulum line structure; the gyroscope in the drooping monitor 20203 can detect the tilt state of the arch support device 10 in real time. When the tunnel is tilted and deformed, the gyroscope can accurately sense the angle change and output the corresponding data; in addition, the temperature sensor, humidity sensor, vibration sensor, GPS / Beidou locator, etc. installed on the monitoring sensor mounting frame 20205 on the top of the balance frame 20201 can respectively collect the temperature, humidity, vibration and other data of the surrounding environment of the monitoring point and its own precise location information, providing multi-dimensional data support for comprehensive analysis of the tunnel status; The control system in the mobile monitoring device 20 establishes a stable connection with the monitoring platform through the communication optical cable, and transmits the position data obtained by the laser locator 20101, the tilt data of the droop monitor 20203, the vibration and strain data of the anchor device 30, and the data collected by other sensors on the balance monitoring device 202 to the monitoring platform in real time; the monitoring platform uses advanced data processing algorithms and models to integrate and analyze these multi-source data; by comparing with the preset threshold, it determines whether there are abnormal conditions such as deformation and settlement in a certain monitoring point or a monitoring area composed of multiple monitoring points; once an abnormality is found, the monitoring platform immediately sends out an early warning signal to remind relevant staff to take timely measures to deal with it, so as to ensure the safe operation of the tunnel; A high-performance wireless communication module (such as 5G, LoRa, etc.) or a wired (communication optical cable) communication method is integrated in the mobile monitoring device 20 and the balance monitoring device 202 to realize the remote control function; the staff can remotely control the moving direction and speed of the mobile locator 201, the lifting and lowering operation of the drooping monitor 20203, and the working mode switching of each sensor anytime and anywhere through the monitoring platform or mobile terminals such as mobile phones and tablets; for example, when a specific area of ​​the tunnel needs to be monitored in detail, the mobile locator 201 is remotely controlled to move quickly to the area, and the height of the drooping monitor 20203 is adjusted to enable it to obtain the deformation data of the area more accurately; at the same time, the sampling frequency of the sensor, the data transmission interval and other parameters can also be remotely set, and the monitoring plan can be flexibly adjusted according to the actual monitoring needs, thereby improving the efficiency and flexibility of the monitoring work; Monitoring principle: According to the distance measurement data between the laser locator 20101 and the reflector 20104, the displacement change of the mobile locator 201 is calculated; a threshold value of the displacement change is set, and when the displacement change exceeds the threshold value, it indicates that the tunnel has undergone significant displacement deformation in the horizontal direction; at the same time, the direction and speed of the displacement change are analyzed. If the displacement change direction is consistent and the speed is fast, it may mean that there is a greater safety hazard in the tunnel; the displacement data of multiple adjacent mobile locators can also be combined to determine the scope and trend of tunnel deformation. For example, if multiple locators show a large displacement change in the same area, it means that the tunnel deformation in this area is more serious; The tilt angle data detected by the gyroscope in the drooping monitor 20203 is compared with the preset angle threshold; when the tilt angle exceeds the threshold, it indicates that the arch support device 10 has tilted and deformed, and the possible reason is that the tunnel has settled or deformed, and the deformation needs to be determined in time; in addition, the rate of change of the tilt angle is analyzed. If the tilt angle increases rapidly in a short period of time, it means that the tilt deformation of the tunnel is aggravated, and it needs to be checked and processed in time; at the same time, combined with the data of other sensors on the balance monitoring device 202, such as temperature, humidity, and vibration sensors, it is comprehensively judged whether the tilt deformation is related to environmental factors. For example, a sharp change in temperature may cause uneven thermal expansion and contraction of structural materials, thereby causing the tunnel to tilt; For the data of the vibration sensor 305 and the strain gauge in the anchor device 30, reasonable thresholds are pre-set; when the vibration signal intensity detected by the vibration sensor exceeds the threshold, it indicates that the inner wall of the tunnel may have undergone a large deformation or been subjected to an external impact, causing abnormal vibration of the anchor 303; if the strain value measured by the strain gauge exceeds the preset strain threshold, it indicates that the force on the anchor 303 has changed significantly, and it may be that the inner wall of the tunnel has been displaced or deformed; combined with the changes in the vibration signal and the strain value, a comprehensive judgment is made as to whether the inner wall of the tunnel is deformed and the degree and trend of the deformation; for example, if the vibration signal continues to increase and the strain value continues to increase, it indicates that the deformation of the inner wall of the tunnel is aggravating, and further attention and measures need to be taken; In addition to paying attention to whether a single monitoring point exceeds the threshold, the trend of changes in monitoring data over time can also be analyzed; by drawing data curves such as strain change over time curve, position change change over time curve, etc., the trend of data changes can be observed; if the data shows a trend of continuous rise, fall or abnormal fluctuation, even if it has not exceeded the threshold, it may indicate that potential changes are taking place in the tunnel structure, which requires close attention and in-depth analysis; for example, the position change of laser locator 20101 gradually increases over a period of time. Although it has not yet reached the threshold, this trend may indicate that the tunnel is slowly deforming in this direction, and timely warnings and measures need to be taken.

[0020] The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, it is obvious that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic features of the present invention; therefore, no matter from which point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the attached claims rather than the above description, so it is intended to include all changes within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims, and any figure mark in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claims involved. Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it is understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A tunnel deformation monitoring device, comprising an arch support device (10), a mobile monitoring device (20) and an anchor device (30), characterized in that: The arch support device (10) is composed of an outer ring (101) and an inner ring (102), and an adjustment groove (103) is reserved between the outer ring (101) and the inner ring (102); an outer ring wall of the outer ring (101) is provided with an inwardly recessed pulley groove, and an outer ring wall of the inner ring (102) and an inner ring wall of the outer ring (101) are both provided with a gear groove (104), and a uniform outwardly protruding tooth edge is provided in the gear groove (104) of the inner ring (102); The anchor rod device (30) is evenly distributed along the top of the rear side wall of the outer ring (101), and comprises a fixing block (301), a fixing bolt (302) and an anchor rod (303), wherein an anchor rod head (304) is installed at one end of the anchor rod (303) away from the inner wall of the tunnel; The mobile monitoring device (20) comprises a mobile positioning device (201) and a balance monitoring device (202); The mobile positioning device (201) comprises a laser positioning device (20101), a displacement drive motor (20105) and a suspension frame (20106), wherein the top of the suspension frame (20106) is clamped on the outer ring wall of the outer ring (101); the middle part of the suspension frame (20106) is equipped with a displacement drive motor (20105), and the rear end of the displacement drive motor (20105) is equipped with a driving wheel (20108), and the driving wheel (20108) is clamped backwards in the gear groove (104); The balance monitoring device (202) comprises a balance frame (20201), a winch (20202), a drooping monitor (20203), a mounting frame (20206), a fixing frame (20208) and a balance shaft (20209); the balance monitoring device (202) is located at the rear side of the outer ring (101) and is supported by the mobile positioning device (201), and the balance monitoring device (202) and the mobile positioning device (201) move synchronously; The drooping monitor (20203) is located below the center of gravity of the balancing frame (20201); the pendant line structure formed by the balancing frame (20201) and the drooping monitor (20203) always maintains a vertical downward state; and a gyroscope is installed in the inner cavity of the drooping monitor (20203).

2. A tunnel deformation monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Support feet are arranged at the bottom of the left and right ends of the arch support device (10), and the support feet are installed in the tunnel by welding or bolting, and the outer ring (101) and the inner ring (102) are fixed on the support feet; a lateral positioner (40) is installed on the rear side of the outer ring (101), and the lateral positioner (40) includes a laser emitter and a laser reflector, and the laser emitter and the laser reflector are symmetrical.

3. A tunnel deformation monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixing bolt (302) is fixed on the side wall of the outer ring (101); the fixing block (301) is L-shaped, and one side of the fixing block (301) is rotatably sleeved on the fixing bolt (302); an anchor hole is provided on the other side of the fixing block (301); the anchor (303) is inserted into the anchor hole; the anchor (303) extends outward and is inserted into the inner wall of the tunnel; a vibration sensor (305) is installed in the anchor head (304); and a strain gauge is installed at the connection between the anchor head (304) and the anchor (303).

4. A tunnel deformation monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A pulley (20107) is installed on one side of the suspension frame (20106) close to the pulley groove of the outer ring (101), and the pulley (20107) is installed downward in the pulley groove; the height of the suspension frame (20106) is lower than the length of the fixing block (301), and when the fixing block (301) is installed on the inner wall of the tunnel, it does not affect the movement of the suspension frame (20106); the driving wheel (20108) is evenly provided with tooth grooves that are recessed inwards, and the tooth grooves are inwardly meshed with the tooth edges; the mobile monitoring device (20) drives the driving wheel (20108) to move orderly in the gear groove (104) by using the displacement driving motor (20105); a circular protective disc is installed at a position close to the outer ring (101) of the displacement driving motor (20105), and a ball is provided at the connection between the circular protective disc and the outer ring (101) to assist the movement and reduce friction when the mobile monitoring device (20) is displaced.

5. A tunnel deformation monitoring device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A laser locator (20101) is installed at the bottom of the suspension frame (20106), and the laser locator (20101) emits a laser beam backwards. A reflector (20104) is installed at the front end of the laser locator (20101). When in use, multiple groups of monitoring devices are installed in the tunnel, and adjacent monitoring devices correspond to each other front and back. Any laser locator (20101) corresponds to the adjacent reflector (20104) front and back. Two upper and lower fans (20103) are arranged on the outside of the laser locator (20101), and the two fans (20103) blow the hot air in the laser locator (20101) outwards. In addition, a plurality of heat sinks (20102) are plugged into the inner cavity of the laser locator (20101), and the heat sinks (20102) are heat conducting plates responsible for transferring the heat inside the laser locator (20101) through heat conduction, thereby improving the heat dissipation efficiency.

6. A tunnel deformation monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A balancing shaft (20209) is installed in the middle of the mounting frame (2206), a supporting sleeve (20207) is installed on the front side of the balancing shaft (20209), the supporting sleeve (20207) is sleeved forward on the transmission shaft of the displacement drive motor (2105), and a self-rotating bearing is provided at one end of the inner cavity of the supporting sleeve (20207) close to the transmission shaft, so that the supporting sleeve (20207) will not rotate with the transmission shaft; The fixing frames (20208) are symmetrically fixed on the left and right sides of the mounting frame (20206), and the other end of the fixing frame (20208) is fixed on the circular protective plate. At the same time, a fixing rod is connected between the fixing frame (20208) and the supporting sleeve (20207).

7. A tunnel deformation monitoring device according to claim 6, characterized in that: A balancing frame (20201) is provided at the rear end of the mounting frame (2206); the balancing frame (20201) is fixed to the rear end of the balancing shaft (20209); a rotating bearing is installed at the connection between the balancing frame (20201) and the balancing shaft (20209); the balancing frame (20201) rotates with the balancing shaft (20209) as a support point; A winch (2202) is installed below the balance frame (2201), a drooping monitor (20203) is provided at the bottom of the winch (20202), and a suspension rope (20204) is connected between the drooping monitor (20203) and the winch (20202).

8. A tunnel deformation monitoring device according to claim 7, characterized in that: A counterweight is provided at the bottom of the drooping monitor (2203); a monitoring sensor mounting frame (2205) is installed on the top of the balance frame (20201), and a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a vibration sensor, and a GPS / Beidou locator are installed on the monitoring sensor mounting frame (20205).

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