Highway road and bridge settlement distance detection device and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of road and bridge detection, and discloses a highway road and bridge settlement distance detection device and method.The highway road and bridge settlement distance detection device comprises a bridge abutment and a roadbed, the bridge abutment is arranged on the roadbed, a ventilation opening is used for establishing normal flowing of natural wind, and a settlement detection part is used for detecting settlement changes of the bridge abutment in a multi-dimensional mode; the gyroscope sensor and the tilt angle sensor work cooperatively, measurement is carried out according to the settlement change of the bridge abutment, the gyroscope sensor rotates along with the positioning arm in a self-adaptive inclination mode through gravity, the change of the rotation angle is measured, the gyroscope sensor and data of the tilt angle sensor complement each other, and meanwhile the central processing unit integrates and preliminarily processes the collected data. Abnormal values and noise interference are removed, and the settlement distance and trend are calculated by using a preset algorithm model, so that the detection precision is effectively improved, the influence of environmental interference on data is reduced, the detection result is more accurate and reliable, and the problem of inaccurate data caused by the influence of environmental factors on a traditional sensor is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of road and bridge detection, and in particular to a device and method for detecting the settlement distance of a highway bridge. Background Art

[0002] In the field of highway and bridge construction and maintenance, settlement detection is a key link in ensuring road safety and stability. Traditional highway bridge abutments and roadbed settlement detection technologies mainly rely on two methods: sensor monitoring and on-site operation by inspectors. These two methods have many limitations and face many difficulties in automatically collecting detection data.

[0003] Although sensor-based detection methods can obtain some data, they are limited by factors such as sensor layout, accuracy and environmental interference, making it difficult to achieve comprehensive, continuous and automatic data collection. For example, under complex geological conditions, sensors are easily affected by soil moisture, electromagnetic interference, etc., resulting in inaccurate or lost data; and different types of sensors have poor compatibility, making it difficult to build a unified and efficient data collection system.

[0004] On the one hand, on-site inspection by inspectors is inefficient and unable to obtain a large amount of data in a timely manner, making it difficult to meet the needs of the rapid development of modern transportation infrastructure. On the other hand, manual inspection is greatly affected by subjective factors, and the accuracy and reliability of the inspection results are difficult to guarantee. For example, the experience level and working status of the inspectors will affect the inspection results. In addition, manual inspection is difficult to cover every corner of the road and bridge, and potential settlement hazards are easy to be missed. Therefore, a highway road and bridge settlement distance detection device and method are proposed to solve the above-mentioned problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] 1. Technical problems solved: In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a highway bridge settlement distance detection device and method, which solves the problem that traditional highway bridge abutment and roadbed settlement detection technology is difficult to detect bridge settlement from multiple dimensions.

[0006] (II) Technical solution: To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a highway bridge settlement distance detection device, comprising a bridge abutment and a roadbed. The bridge abutment is arranged on the roadbed, the vent is used to establish the normal flow of natural wind, the settlement detection unit is used to detect the settlement changes of the bridge abutment in multiple dimensions, the power unit is used to automatically supplement the power consumption of the equipment, the control unit is used to install the positioning tool and automatically control the braking tool, the orientation detection unit is used to adaptively point to the settlement orientation according to the settlement angle, and the anti-skid unit is used to brake the positioning tool to prevent shaking.

[0007] Preferably, the settlement detection unit includes a main control chassis and a positioning plate, both of which are installed on the corbel of the abutment, the main control chassis is aligned with the center of the positioning plate, a central processing unit is arranged in the main control chassis, an inertial measurement unit IMU is arranged on the central processing unit, an inclination array group is installed on the top of the positioning plate, the inclination array group includes eight inclination sensors which are arranged in an array on the positioning plate.

[0008] Preferably, the power unit is used to automatically supplement electricity for equipment, and includes a power supply chassis, which is installed between the back wall, ear wall and corbel of the abutment. A generator set is arranged in the power supply chassis, and the output end of the generator set is connected to a charging rod, the top end of the charging rod is movably extended to the outside of the power supply chassis, and the extended end of the charging rod is installed with fan blades, and a power supply channel is installed between the power supply chassis and the positioning plate.

[0009] Preferably, there are two power units, the other power unit is installed between the back wall, ear wall and corbel of the abutment, the two power units are symmetrically arranged with each other, the power supply channel of the other power unit is connected to the positioning plate, and the fan blades in each power unit are aligned with adjacent vents.

[0010] Preferably, the control unit includes a central axis, which is fixedly connected to the top center of the main control chassis, and a round cover is fixedly connected to the top of the central axis. A mobile power supply is installed on the top of the round cover, and fourteen sliding rods slide through the outer wall of the round cover, and each of the sliding rods is fixedly connected to a rod sheet on one end facing the outside of the round cover, and each of the rod sheets is elastically connected to the round cover with a tension spring, and each of the sliding rods is fixedly connected to a pressure sensor on one end facing the inside of the round cover.

[0011] Preferably, the orientation detection unit includes a frame, the frame is rotatably connected to the central axis, a positioning arm is fixedly connected to the front of the frame, a support rod is fixedly connected to the top of the frame, a connecting ring is fixedly connected to the top of the support rod, the connecting ring is located inside the round cover and a protrusion is fixedly connected to the ring wall, the protrusion is fitted between two adjacent pressure sensors, and a gyroscope sensor is installed at the end of the positioning arm.

[0012] Preferably, the generator sets in the two power units are electrically connected to the mobile power supply, the central processing unit in the main control chassis is electrically connected to the mobile power supply, the mobile power supply is electrically connected to each pressure sensor, each pressure sensor is electrically connected to the central processing unit, and the gyroscope sensor is electrically connected to the central processing unit and to the mobile power supply.

[0013] Preferably, the anti-slip portion includes a support plate 1, which is integrally connected to the end of the positioning arm, the top of the support plate 1 is fixedly connected to a connecting rod, the top of the connecting rod is fixedly connected to a support plate 2, both ends of the support plate 1 are slidably penetrated by brake rods, the bottom ends of the two brake rods are fixedly connected to anti-slip pads, springs are elastically connected between the top ends of the two brake rods and the support plate 2, the top of the support plate 1 is fixedly connected to an iron ring, and the bottom of the support plate 2 is fixedly connected to an electromagnet.

[0014] Preferably, the iron ring is aligned with the electromagnet, the electromagnet is electrically connected to each pressure sensor, and the two anti-slip pads are both in contact with the inner wall of the anti-slip groove.

[0015] A method for detecting the settlement distance of a highway bridge, according to the above-mentioned device for detecting the settlement distance of a highway bridge, comprises the following steps: Step 1: Start the equipment, the generator set of the power unit starts working, using natural wind to drive the fan blades to rotate, driving the charging rod to power the equipment, ensuring the normal operation of all components; Step 2: The central processor in the main control box uses the inertial measurement unit IMU to obtain the device's own attitude information. The eight inclination sensors in the inclination array group monitor the inclination changes in different directions in real time and collect spatial information in multiple dimensions. After the inclination of the inclination sensor changes, the electromagnet is driven by an electrical signal to generate a magnetic adsorption iron ring, which prompts the anti-skid pad to move away from the anti-skid groove and releases the brake of the positioning arm. The gyroscope sensor rotates with the positioning arm through the gravity adaptive inclination according to the change of the abutment settlement, and measures the change of the rotation angle. Together with the inclination sensor data, it serves as a supplement to the spatial information, thereby obtaining the settlement trend, direction and coordinate position; Step 3: The positioning arm drives the connecting ring on the frame to rotate, and contacts the extrusion pressure sensor through the protrusion. When the protrusion stays on the pressure sensor for more than the set seconds, the electromagnet is turned off through an electrical signal to lose its magnetism. After the iron ring is released, the brake rod is pushed down under the elastic force of the spring, so that the anti-skid pad contacts the anti-skid groove again. Step 4: The central processing unit receives data from the inclination sensor, gyroscope sensor and inertial measurement unit (IMU), integrates and preliminarily processes the data, removes outliers and noise interference, and calculates the settlement distance and settlement trend of the abutment in different directions based on the integrated data through the preset algorithm model.

[0016] (III) Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a device and method for detecting the settlement distance of a highway bridge, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. The device and method for detecting the settlement distance of a highway bridge adopt a gyro sensor and an inclination sensor to work together to measure the changes in the settlement of the bridge pier. The gyro sensor follows the positioning arm to rotate through the gravity adaptive inclination, measures the change in rotation angle, and complements the inclination sensor data. At the same time, the central processing unit integrates and preliminarily processes the collected data, removes abnormal values ​​and noise interference, and uses a preset algorithm model to calculate the settlement distance and trend, effectively improving the detection accuracy, reducing the impact of environmental interference on the data, making the detection results more accurate and reliable, and overcoming the problem of inaccurate data caused by traditional sensors affected by environmental factors.

[0017] 2. The device and method for detecting the settlement distance of highway bridges adopts a settlement detection unit to obtain the device attitude information through the inertial measurement unit IMU in the main control chassis. Combined with the eight inclination sensors distributed in an array on the top of the positioning plate, it can monitor the inclination changes in different directions in real time and collect spatial information in multiple dimensions. Compared with the traditional method of relying on only part of the sensor monitoring, it can capture the settlement information of the road and bridge more comprehensively, avoid data omissions due to the limitations of the sensor layout, and provide a rich data basis for accurately judging the settlement trend, direction and coordinate position.

[0018] 3. The highway bridge settlement distance detection device and method adopts the method of natural wind driving the fan blades to rotate and drive the charging rod to generate electricity, so as to automatically supplement the power consumption of the equipment. The two symmetrically arranged power units have fan blades aligned with adjacent vents, which can make more efficient use of natural wind. This power supply method is not only environmentally friendly, but also ensures the sustainable and stable operation of the equipment without an external power supply, avoiding the impact of power problems on the detection work, and solving the power supply problem faced by traditional detection technology when automatically collecting data.

[0019] 4. The highway bridge settlement distance detection device and method adopts an orientation detection part which can adaptively point to the settlement orientation according to the settlement angle. The positioning arm drives the connecting ring on the frame to rotate, and the protrusion of the connecting ring squeezes the pressure sensor. After the set time is reached, the electromagnet is controlled to operate to realize the braking and release of the positioning arm, so that the device can quickly and accurately adjust the detection orientation. When the positioning arm is braked, the anti-skid part effectively prevents the positioning arm from shaking through the cooperation of the electromagnet with the iron ring, the spring and the anti-skid pad, thereby enhancing the stability during the detection process and in daily use and ensuring the accuracy of the detection data.

[0020] 5. The device and method for detecting the settlement distance of highway bridges realize automation from equipment power supply, data collection to processing and calculation. After starting the equipment, the power unit automatically supplies power, each sensor automatically collects data, and the central processing unit automatically processes the data and calculates the settlement information. There is no need for a lot of manual intervention. Compared with the on-site practical inspection by traditional inspectors, it greatly improves the inspection efficiency and can obtain a large amount of data in a timely manner, meeting the demand for road and bridge inspection for the rapid development of modern transportation infrastructure, while reducing the errors caused by subjective factors in manual inspection.

[0021] 6. The device and method for detecting the settlement distance of highway bridges can detect the settlement of bridges in a timely and accurate manner, helping staff to discover potential settlement hazards in advance. This allows maintenance work to be carried out in a more targeted manner, avoiding aggravated damage to bridges due to failure to discover settlement problems in a timely manner, thereby reducing the maintenance costs of bridges and roads. At the same time, it reduces the risk of safety accidents caused by bridge settlement and ensures the safety of road users. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a highway bridge settlement distance detection device proposed by the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the abutment structure of a highway bridge settlement distance detection device proposed by the present invention; Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of a settlement detection part of a highway bridge settlement distance detection device proposed by the present invention; Figure 4 This is a connection diagram of a control part, an orientation detection part and an anti-skid part of a highway bridge settlement distance detection device proposed by the present invention; Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of the control unit of a highway bridge settlement distance detection device proposed by the present invention; Figure 6 This is a structural diagram of the azimuth detection part of a highway bridge settlement distance detection device proposed by the present invention; Figure 7 A highway bridge settlement distance detection device proposed by the present invention Figure 6 A is an enlarged view of the middle image.

[0023] In the figure: 1. abutment; 2. roadbed; 3. vent; 4. settlement detection unit; 41. main control chassis; 42. positioning plate; 43. anti-skid groove; 44. inclination array group; 5. power unit; 51. power supply chassis; 52. charging rod; 53. fan blade; 54. power supply channel; 6. control unit; 61. central axis; 62. round cover; 63. mobile power supply; 64. sliding rod; 65. rod sheet; 66. tension spring; 67. pressure sensor; 7. orientation detection unit; 71. frame; 72. positioning arm; 73. support rod; 74. connecting ring; 75. gyroscope sensor; 8. anti-skid unit; 81. support plate one; 82. connecting rod; 83. support plate two; 84. brake rod; 85. anti-skid pad; 86. spring; 87. iron ring; 88. electromagnet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] See also Figure 1-7 The present invention provides a technical solution: a highway bridge settlement distance detection device, including an abutment 1 and a roadbed 2. The abutment 1 is arranged on the roadbed 2. The ventilation opening 3 in this case is used to establish the normal flow of natural wind. The settlement detection unit 4 in this case is used to detect the settlement change of the abutment 1 in multiple dimensions. The power unit 5 in this case is used to automatically supplement the power consumption of the equipment. The control unit 6 in this case is used to install the positioning tool and automatically control the braking tool. The orientation detection unit 7 in this case is used to adaptively point to the settlement orientation according to the settlement angle. The anti-skid unit 8 in this case is used to brake the positioning tool to prevent shaking.

[0026] In the present invention, the settlement detection part 4 includes a main control box 41 and a positioning plate 42. The main control box 41 and the positioning plate 42 are both installed on the corbel of the abutment 1. The main control box 41 is aligned with the center of the positioning plate 42. A central processing unit is arranged in the main control box 41, and an inertial measurement unit IMU is arranged on the central processing unit. A tilt array group 44 is installed on the top of the positioning plate 42. The tilt array group 44 includes eight tilt sensors and is arranged in an array on the positioning plate 42.

[0027] In this embodiment, the power unit 5 is used to automatically supplement the power consumption of the equipment, and includes a power supply chassis 51, which is installed between the back wall, ear wall and corbel of the abutment 1. A generator set is arranged in the power supply chassis 51, and the output end of the generator set is connected to a charging rod 52. The top of the charging rod 52 is movably extended to the outside of the power supply chassis 51, and the extended end of the charging rod 52 is installed with fan blades 53. A power supply channel 54 is installed between the power supply chassis 51 and the positioning plate 42. There are two power units 5, and the other power unit 5 is installed between the back wall, ear wall and corbel of the abutment 1. The two power units 5 are symmetrically arranged with each other, and the power supply channel 54 of the other power unit 5 is connected to the positioning plate 42. The fan blades 53 in each power unit 5 are respectively aligned with the adjacent vents 3.

[0028] It is worth mentioning that the control unit 6 in this case includes a central axis 61, which is fixedly connected to the top center of the main control chassis 41, and a round cover 62 is fixedly connected to the top of the central axis 61. A mobile power supply 63 is installed on the top of the round cover 62. Fourteen sliding rods 64 slide through the outer wall of the round cover 62, and each sliding rod 64 is fixedly connected to a rod piece 65 on one end facing the outside of the round cover 62. A tension spring 66 is elastically connected between each rod piece 65 and the round cover 62, and a pressure sensor 67 is fixedly connected to one end of each sliding rod 64 facing the inside of the round cover 62.

[0029] The orientation detection unit 7 in this case includes a frame 71, which is rotatably connected to the central axis 61, a positioning arm 72 is fixedly connected to the front of the frame 71, a support rod 73 is fixedly connected to the top of the frame 71, a connecting ring 74 is fixedly connected to the top of the support rod 73, the connecting ring 74 is located inside the round cover 62 and a protrusion is fixedly connected to the ring wall, the protrusion is fitted between two adjacent pressure sensors 67, and a gyroscope sensor 75 is installed at the end of the positioning arm 72.

[0030] It is worth noting that the generator sets in the two power units 5 in this case are electrically connected to the mobile power supply 63, the central processing unit in the main control chassis 41 is electrically connected to the mobile power supply 63, the mobile power supply 63 is electrically connected to each pressure sensor 67, each pressure sensor 67 is electrically connected to the central processing unit, and the gyroscope sensor 75 is electrically connected to the central processing unit and to the mobile power supply 63.

[0031] The anti-skid portion 8 of the present case includes a support plate 81, which is integrally connected to the end of the positioning arm 72, a connecting rod 82 is fixedly connected to the top of the support plate 81, a support plate 2 83 is fixedly connected to the top of the connecting rod 82, brake rods 84 are slidably passed through both ends of the support plate 81, anti-skid pads 85 are fixedly connected to the bottom ends of the two brake rods 84, springs 86 are elastically connected between the top ends of the two brake rods 84 and the support plate 2 83, an iron ring 87 is fixedly connected to the top of the support plate 81, an electromagnet 88 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the support plate 2 83, the iron ring 87 and the electromagnet 88 are aligned, the electromagnet 88 is electrically connected to each pressure sensor 67, and the two anti-skid pads 85 are both in contact with the inner wall of the anti-skid groove 43.

[0032] A method for detecting the settlement distance of a highway bridge, based on a device for detecting the settlement distance of a highway bridge, comprises the following steps: Step 1: Start the equipment, the generator set of the power unit 5 starts working, uses natural wind to drive the fan blades 53 to rotate, drives the charging rod 52 to power the equipment, and ensures the normal operation of each component; Step 2: The central processor in the main control box 41 uses the inertial measurement unit IMU to obtain the posture information of the device itself. The eight inclination sensors in the inclination array group 44 monitor the inclination changes in different directions in real time and collect spatial information in multiple dimensions. After the inclination of the inclination sensor changes, the electromagnet 88 is driven by an electrical signal to generate a magnetic adsorption iron ring 87, so that the anti-skid pad 85 is away from the anti-skid groove 43, and the brake of the positioning arm 72 is released. The gyroscope sensor 75 rotates according to the settlement change of the abutment 1 and follows the positioning arm 72 through the gravity adaptive inclination, and measures the change of the rotation angle, which is used together with the inclination sensor data as a supplement to the spatial information, thereby obtaining the settlement trend, direction and coordinate position; Step 3: The positioning arm 72 drives the connecting ring 74 on the frame 71 to rotate, and contacts and squeezes the pressure sensor 67 through the protrusion. When the protrusion stays on the pressure sensor 67 for more than the set number of seconds, the electromagnet 88 is turned off through an electrical signal to lose its magnetism, and after the iron ring 87 is released, the brake rod 84 is pushed down under the elastic force of the spring 86, so that the anti-skid pad 85 abuts against the anti-skid groove 43 again. Step 4: The central processing unit receives data from the tilt sensor, gyroscope sensor 75 and inertial measurement unit IMU, integrates and preliminarily processes these data, removes abnormal values ​​and noise interference, and calculates the settlement distance and settlement trend of the abutment 1 in different directions based on the integrated data through a preset algorithm model.

[0033] The working principle revolves around equipment power supply, multi-dimensional data collection, azimuth adaptive adjustment and data processing calculation to achieve efficient and accurate detection of road and bridge settlement. After starting the equipment, the generator sets in the two power supply chassis 51 of the power unit 5 start working, and natural wind passes through the vents 3 to drive the fan blades 53 to rotate, and the fan blades 53 drive the charging rod 52 to rotate, thereby powering the equipment. The two power units 5 are symmetrically distributed, and their fan blades 53 are aligned with adjacent vents 3 respectively. The generated electric energy is transmitted to the positioning plate 42 through the power supply channel 54, and then stored in the mobile power supply 63, providing stable power for various components of the device to ensure the normal operation of the equipment.

[0034] The central processing unit in the main control box 41 obtains the device's own posture information with the help of the inertial measurement unit IMU. The inclination array group 44 on the top of the positioning plate 42 is composed of eight inclination sensors distributed in an array, which monitors the inclination changes in different directions in real time and collects multi-dimensional spatial information. When the inclination sensor detects the inclination change, it will drive the electromagnet 88 to generate magnetism through an electrical signal, adsorb the iron ring 87, so that the anti-skid pad 85 is away from the anti-skid groove 43, and the positioning arm 72 brakes. At the same time, the gyroscope sensor 75 follows the positioning arm 72 to rotate through gravity adaptive inclination according to the settlement change of the abutment 1, measures the rotation angle change, and supplements the spatial information together with the inclination sensor data to determine the settlement trend, direction and coordinate position.

[0035] The positioning arm 72 drives the connecting ring 74 on the frame 71 to rotate accordingly, and the protrusion on the wall of the connecting ring 74 will contact the pressure sensor 67 in the squeeze round cover 62. When the protrusion stays on the pressure sensor 67 for more than the set number of seconds, it will trigger an electrical signal to close the electromagnet 88. The electromagnet 88 releases the iron ring 87 after losing its magnetism. At this time, under the elastic force of the spring 86, the brake rod 84 descends, and the anti-skid pad 85 re-contacts the anti-skid groove 43, fixing the positioning arm 72 in the new settlement direction, realizing the function of adaptively pointing to the settlement direction according to the settlement angle. Similarly, the inclination sensor is based on the current inclination angle. When the settlement information changes again, the electromagnet 88 is restarted to adsorb the iron ring 87.

[0036] The central processing unit receives data collected by the tilt sensor, gyroscope sensor 75 and inertial measurement unit IMU, integrates and preliminarily processes these data, removes abnormal values ​​and noise interference, and then calculates the settlement distance and settlement trend of abutment 1 in different directions based on the integrated data using a preset algorithm model, providing key data support for road and bridge maintenance.

[0037] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "including one..." do not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the elements.

Claims

1. A road bridge settlement distance detection device, characterized in that: include: A bridge abutment (1) and a roadbed (2), wherein the bridge abutment (1) is arranged on the roadbed (2); Ventilation openings (3) for establishing a normal flow of natural wind; A settlement detection unit (4) for detecting the settlement change of the abutment (1) in multiple dimensions; A power unit (5), used to automatically replenish the power consumption of the equipment; A control unit (6) for installing a positioning tool and automatically controlling a braking tool; A direction detection unit (7) is used to adaptively point to the settlement direction according to the settlement angle; The anti-slip portion (8) is used to brake the positioning tool to prevent shaking.

2. A highway bridge settlement distance detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The settlement detection unit (4) comprises a main control box (41) and a positioning plate (42), wherein the main control box (41) and the positioning plate (42) are both mounted on the bracket of the abutment (1), the main control box (41) and the positioning plate (42) are arranged so as to be aligned with the center of a circle, a central processing unit (CPU) is arranged in the main control box (41), an inertial measurement unit (IMU) is arranged on the CPU, and a tilt array group (44) is mounted on the top of the positioning plate (42), wherein the tilt array group (44) comprises eight tilt sensors arranged in an array on the positioning plate (42).

3. A highway bridge settlement distance detection device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The power unit (5) is used to automatically supplement the power consumption of the equipment, and comprises a power supply chassis (51). The power supply chassis (51) is installed between the back wall, ear wall and bracket of the abutment (1). A generator set is arranged in the power supply chassis (51). The output end of the generator set is connected to a charging rod (52). The top end of the charging rod (52) is movably extended to the outside of the power supply chassis (51). The extended end of the charging rod (52) is installed with a fan blade (53). A power supply channel (54) is installed between the power supply chassis (51) and the positioning plate (42).

4. A highway bridge settlement distance detection device according to claim 3, characterized in that: There are two power units (5), the other power unit (5) is installed between the back wall, ear wall and corbel of the abutment (1), the two power units (5) are symmetrically arranged with each other, the power supply channel (54) of the other power unit (5) is connected to the positioning plate (42), and the fan blades (53) in each power unit (5) are respectively aligned with the adjacent ventilation openings (3).

5. A highway bridge settlement distance detection device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The control unit (6) comprises a central axis (61), wherein the central axis (61) is fixedly connected to the top center of a main control chassis (41), a round cover (62) is fixedly connected to the top of the central axis (61), a mobile power supply (63) is installed on the top of the round cover (62), fourteen sliding rods (64) are slidably penetrated through the outer wall of the round cover (62), a rod sheet (65) is fixedly connected to each end of the sliding rod (64) facing the outside of the round cover (62), a tension spring (66) is elastically connected between each of the rod sheets (65) and the round cover (62), and a pressure sensor (67) is fixedly connected to each end of the sliding rod (64) facing the inside of the round cover (62).

6. A highway bridge settlement distance detection device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The orientation detection unit (7) comprises a frame (71), the frame (71) being rotatably connected to the central axis (61), a positioning arm (72) being fixedly connected to the front of the frame (71), a support rod (73) being fixedly connected to the top of the frame (71), a connecting ring (74) being fixedly connected to the top of the support rod (73), the connecting ring (74) being located inside the round cover (62) and a protrusion being fixedly connected to the ring wall, the protrusion being fitted between two adjacent pressure sensors (67), and a gyroscope sensor (75) being mounted at the end of the positioning arm (72).

7. A highway bridge settlement distance detection device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The generator sets in the two power units (5) are electrically connected to the mobile power source (63), the central processing unit in the main control box (41) is electrically connected to the mobile power source (63), the mobile power source (63) is electrically connected to the pressure sensor (67), the pressure sensors (67) are electrically connected to the central processing unit, and the gyroscope sensor (75) is electrically connected to the central processing unit and to the mobile power source (63).

8. A highway bridge settlement distance detection device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The anti-slip portion (8) comprises a support plate 1 (81), wherein the support plate 1 (81) is integrally connected to the end of the positioning arm (72), the top of the support plate 1 (81) is fixedly connected to a connecting rod (82), the top of the connecting rod (82) is fixedly connected to a support plate 2 (83), both ends of the support plate 1 (81) are slidably penetrated by brake rods (84), the bottom ends of the two brake rods (84) are fixedly connected to anti-slip pads (85), the top ends of the two brake rods (84) and the support plate 2 (83) are elastically connected with springs (86), the top of the support plate 1 (81) is fixedly connected to an iron ring (87), and the bottom of the support plate 2 (83) is fixedly connected to an electromagnet (88).

9. A highway bridge settlement distance detection device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The iron ring (87) and the electromagnet (88) are aligned with each other, the electromagnet (88) is electrically connected to the pressure sensor (67), and the two anti-slip pads (85) are both in contact with the inner wall of the anti-slip groove (43).

10. A method for detecting the settlement distance of a highway bridge, according to the device for detecting the settlement distance of a highway bridge according to claim 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Start the equipment, the generator set of the power unit (5) starts working, uses natural wind to drive the fan blades (53) to rotate, drives the charging rod (52) to supply power to the equipment, and ensures the normal operation of each component; Step 2: The central processor in the main control box (41) uses the inertial measurement unit IMU to obtain the device's own attitude information. The eight inclination sensors in the inclination array group (44) monitor the inclination changes in different directions in real time and collect spatial information in multiple dimensions. After the inclination of the inclination sensor changes, the electromagnet (88) is driven by an electrical signal to generate a magnetic adsorption iron ring (87), so that the anti-skid pad (85) moves away from the anti-skid groove (43) and the positioning arm (72) is braked. The gyroscope sensor (75) rotates according to the settlement change of the abutment (1) and follows the positioning arm (72) through the gravity adaptive inclination, and measures the change in the rotation angle. The data from the inclination sensor is used together as a supplement to the spatial information, thereby obtaining the settlement trend, direction and coordinate position; Step 3: The positioning arm (72) drives the connecting ring (74) on the frame (71) to rotate and contact the pressure sensor (67) through the protrusion. When the protrusion stays on the pressure sensor (67) for more than a set number of seconds, the electromagnet (88) is turned off through an electrical signal to lose its magnetism. After the iron ring (87) is released, the brake rod (84) is pushed down under the elastic force of the spring (86), so that the anti-skid pad (85) is re-contacted with the anti-skid groove (43). Step 4: The central processing unit receives data from the tilt sensor, the gyroscope sensor (75) and the inertial measurement unit IMU, integrates and preliminarily processes the data, removes abnormal values ​​and noise interference, and calculates the settlement distance and settlement trend of the abutment (1) in different directions based on the integrated data through a preset algorithm model.

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