Tool and simulation method for testing compression performance of composite material under external force coupling effect

Abstract

The invention discloses a tool and a simulation method for testing the compression performance of a composite material under the action of external force coupling, and belongs to the technical field of testing tools. The testing tool comprises a compression cover plate, a pressing cover plate, a clamping device and a supporting base. The clamping device is composed of two upper clamping plates and two lower clamping plates, the upper clamping plates and the lower clamping plates are in sliding connection through positioning pieces and positioning grooves, and the distance can be adjusted according to the height of a sample. The front clamping plate and the rear clamping plate are connected through an adjustable bolt and can provide transverse force for the sample. The upper clamping plate and the lower clamping plate are connected with the pressing cover plate and the supporting base through fixing pieces respectively, a guide column and a guide lead screw are arranged between the pressing cover plate and the supporting base, the adjusting nut is arranged on the portion, penetrating out of the pressing cover plate, of the guide lead screw in a sleeved mode, the distance between the pressing cover plate and the supporting base can be adjusted through rotation, and longitudinal force is applied to a sample. The tool can be directly used as a clamp in an aging test, and a compression performance test can be directly carried out after simulation environment aging is carried out.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of testing tooling, and in particular relates to a testing tooling and a simulation method for the compression performance of composite materials under external force coupling. Background Art

[0002] Composite materials are gradually being widely used in marine environment structures such as tidal turbine blades, hulls, pipelines, and sailboats due to their advantages such as fiber orientation designability and corrosion resistance. The use of composite materials in underwater structures can significantly reduce system weight, cost, and energy consumption, and can meet established safety requirements. However, composite components will be corroded by the coupling of seawater and external stress in seawater environments, which can cause damage to the material structure or even destruction. It is worth noting that compressive strength is one of the properties of composite materials that is difficult to accurately characterize.

[0003] In the study of moisture absorption and aging of composite materials, especially for carbon fiber reinforced composite materials, the test method specified in ASTM D5529 "Standard Test Method for Hygroscopicity and Balance Adjustment of Polymer-based Composite Materials" has become the most frequently used composite material moisture absorption research standard. This test standard clearly recommends the specimen size and saturated moisture absorption rate calculation method for moisture absorption test. However, for the study of moisture absorption of composite components under actual use conditions, such as under compressive load, this standard lacks relevant reference basis. In particular, composite components serving in seawater environments are often subject to local external loads such as water pressure or extrusion, which makes it difficult to evaluate the service life of composite components, thereby threatening the safety of composite structures. Therefore, relevant test equipment is urgently needed to simulate the real stress conditions of composite materials in seawater environments and facilitate subsequent mechanical property tests.

[0004] At the same time, the test method specified in ASTM D6641 "Testing the Compression Properties of Polymer-based Composites Using Combined Loading Compression Test Fixtures" is the most frequently used composite material compression performance test standard. The fixtures used in this standard have restrictions on the length, width and thickness of the specimens. There is a lack of recommended test fixtures and standards for compression performance testing of large-sized specimens, especially for specimens that undergo pre-treatment such as wet heat aging before compression performance testing. Frequent fixture replacement is required, which not only increases test errors, but also leads to increased testing costs. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the deficiencies in the prior art and provide a test fixture and simulation method for the compression performance of composite materials under external force coupling. The test fixture can be used in conjunction with a hot and humid environment chamber to carry out aging tests under external load coupling, and can also be used directly as a compression performance test fixture. By clamping specimens of different sizes with an adjustable clamping device, and using it in conjunction with an environmental chamber, it can simulate the conditions in which composite materials are subjected to external compression loads in actual service environments, thereby solving the problem in the prior art that the hygroscopic performance test method for composite materials has a single application scenario and cannot simulate the actual application environment. At the same time, the test fixture of the present invention can simultaneously carry out compression performance tests, reduce fixture switching time, and shorten testing costs.

[0006] The specific technical solutions adopted by the present invention are as follows:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a test fixture for the compression performance of composite materials under external force coupling, comprising a compression cover plate, a clamping cover plate, a clamping device, and a support base;

[0008] The clamping device comprises two upper clamping plates and two lower clamping plates for clamping the sample to be tested; the two upper clamping plates are arranged in parallel and spaced apart, and a positioning groove for inserting the positioning piece is provided at the lower part of the upper clamping plates; the two lower clamping plates are also arranged in parallel and spaced apart, and a positioning piece is vertically fixed on the top of the lower clamping plate; the positioning piece is inserted into the corresponding positioning groove, and the positioning piece forms a sliding connection in the positioning groove, and the spacing between the upper clamping plate and the lower clamping plate is adjusted according to the height of the sample to be tested; the front upper clamping plate and the rear upper clamping plate, as well as the front lower clamping plate and the rear lower clamping plate are connected by adjustable bolts, and the spacing between the front and rear clamping plates is adjusted according to the thickness of the sample to be tested;

[0009] The top of the upper clamping plate and the bottom of the lower clamping plate are respectively connected to the clamping cover plate and the support base through fixing parts; a plurality of vertical guide columns and guide screws are also provided between the clamping cover plate and the support base; an external thread is provided on the upper end of the guide screw, and an internal thread matching the external thread on the upper end of the guide screw is provided in the adjusting nut, and the adjusting nut is sleeved on the part of the guide screw passing through the clamping cover plate, and the distance between the clamping cover plate and the support base is adjusted by rotating the adjusting nut; the lower surface of the support base is used as the lower plane for compression performance testing; the compression cover plate is arranged above the clamping cover plate, and the upper surface of the compression cover plate is used as the upper plane for compression performance testing.

[0010] Preferably, the fixing member comprises a fixing bolt and a matching fixing nut.

[0011] Furthermore, the clamping cover plate is provided with a plurality of cover plate adjustment grooves and cover plate fixing grooves for passing fixing bolts, and the cover plate adjustment grooves are through-long holes with a certain length; the length direction of the cover plate adjustment grooves is consistent with the spacing direction of the two upper clamping plates.

[0012] Furthermore, the support base is provided with a plurality of base fixing grooves and base adjustment grooves for passing fixing bolts, and the base adjustment grooves are through-holes with a certain length; the length direction of the base adjustment grooves is consistent with the spacing direction of the two lower clamping plates.

[0013] Preferably, the clamping cover plate is provided with through holes for passing the guide column and the guide screw; the corresponding positions of the guide column and the guide screw on the support base are provided with grooves; the bottoms of the guide column and the guide screw are provided with through holes for inserting the positioning pins; the bottoms of the guide column and the guide screw are vertically inserted into the grooves on the support base and then the positioning pins are inserted to fix the guide column, the guide screw and the support base.

[0014] Preferably, the upper clamping plate and the lower clamping plate are both made of titanium alloy or aviation aluminum alloy 6000 series material; the aviation aluminum alloy 6000 series includes 6061 aluminum, 6082 aluminum or 6013 aluminum.

[0015] Preferably, the compression cover plate comprises an upper cover plate and a lower cover plate which are arranged in parallel and spaced apart, and the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate are connected by a cross vertical support; a lower cover plate through hole for passing the guide column and the guide screw is provided on the lower cover plate.

[0016] Furthermore, a cross groove matching the cross vertical support is formed on the upper surface of the clamping cover plate.

[0017] Preferably, a cavity is provided in the middle portion of the upper clamping plate and the lower clamping plate to reduce weight.

[0018] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for simulating the compression performance of composite materials under external force coupling using the above-mentioned test tooling, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0019] S1: A lower clamping plate is fixedly connected to the support base through a fixing piece passing through the base fixing slot, and the spacing between the two lower clamping plates is adjusted according to the thickness of the sample to be tested; the fixing piece at the bottom of the other lower clamping plate is adjusted to the position in the base adjustment slot and then fixedly connected to the support base; the sample to be tested is placed between the two lower clamping plates, and the bottom surface of the sample to be tested is flush with the support base; according to the height of the sample to be tested, the relative position of the positioning piece on the lower clamping plate inserted into the positioning slot on the upper clamping plate is adjusted, and the spacing between the upper clamping plate and the lower clamping plate is adjusted so that the upper surface of the sample to be tested is flush with the upper clamping plate; the two upper clamping plates and the two lower clamping plates are respectively connected by adjustable bolts, the sample to be tested is fixed in the clamping device, and a lateral load is applied;

[0020] S2: The bottoms of the guide column and the guide screw are inserted into the grooves provided on the support base, and the guide column and the guide screw are vertically fixed on the support base by inserting the positioning pins into the through holes at the bottoms of the guide column and the guide screw; the pressing cover plate is passed through the top of the guide column and the guide screw and placed on the two upper clamping plates; one upper clamping plate is fixedly connected to the pressing cover plate through the fixing piece passing through the cover plate fixing groove, and the fixing piece on the other upper clamping plate is fixedly connected to the pressing cover plate after adjusting the position in the cover plate adjustment groove; the adjusting nut is sleeved on the part of the guide screw passing through the pressing cover plate, and the longitudinal load is applied to the test sample by tightening the adjusting nut;

[0021] S3: placing the fixture holding the sample to be tested in an environmental chamber to carry out an aging experiment; after the aging experiment, taking out the fixture holding the sample to be tested, passing the compression cover plate through the guide column and the guide screw and placing it above the compression cover plate;

[0022] S4: Place the test fixture holding the aged sample to be tested on the universal testing machine, make the upper surface of the compression cover plate contact with the upper compression plane of the universal testing machine, and make the bottom surface of the support base contact with the lower compression plane of the universal testing machine. Set corresponding loading parameters and perform compression test on the sample to be tested.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] (1) The present invention provides a test fixture for the compression performance of composite materials under external force coupling. By adjusting the adjusting nut, an axial force can be provided to the sample clamped in the clamping device, and by adjusting the fixing nuts on the upper and lower clamping plates, a lateral force can be provided to the sample. The fixture can be directly used as a fixture in an aging experiment. When used in conjunction with an environmental chamber, it can simulate the working conditions of the sample under external compression load in an actual environment, thereby solving the problem that the existing method for testing the hygroscopic performance of composite materials has a single application scenario and cannot simulate the actual application environment.

[0025] (2) The tooling provided by the present invention can be directly used as a fixture in an aging experiment, and a compression performance test can be directly carried out after carrying out simulated environmental aging, thereby reducing fixture switching time, shortening test costs, and further improving the effectiveness of test results. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 The overall schematic diagram of the composite material compression performance test tool under the external force coupling provided in this embodiment;

[0027] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a compression cover plate provided in this embodiment;

[0028] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the connection between the clamping cover plate, guide column and guide screw provided in this embodiment;

[0029] Figure 4 A top view of the compression cover plate provided in this embodiment;

[0030] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a clamping device provided in this embodiment;

[0031] Figure 6 A top view of the support base provided for this embodiment;

[0032] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the connection between the support base, guide column and guide screw provided in this embodiment;

[0033] In the figure: compression cover plate 1, upper cover plate 101, lower cover plate through hole 102, lower cover plate 103, cross vertical support 104, clamping cover plate 2, cover plate adjustment groove 201, cover plate fixing groove 202, fixing bolt 203, fixing nut 204, cross groove 205, clamping device 3, upper clamping plate 301, lower clamping plate 302, positioning groove 303, positioning piece 304, support base 4, positioning pin 401, base fixing groove 402, base adjustment groove 403, adjusting nut 5, guide column 6, guide screw 7. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] In order to make the above-mentioned purpose, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation mode of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without violating the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below. The technical features in each embodiment of the present invention can be combined accordingly without conflicting with each other.

[0035] In the description of the design of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "up", "down", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", etc. indicate directions or positional relationships based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or are the directions or positional relationships in which the product of the invention is usually placed when in use. They are only for the convenience of describing the design of the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the design of the present invention.

[0036] like Figure 1 As shown, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, this embodiment provides a composite material compression performance test tool under external force coupling. The test tool includes a compression cover plate 1, a clamping cover plate 2, a clamping device 3, a support base 4, an adjustment nut 5, a guide column 6 and a guide screw 7.

[0037] The clamping device 3 provided in this embodiment is as follows Figure 5 As shown. The clamping device 3 is used to clamp the sample to be tested, and includes two upper clamping plates 301 and two lower clamping plates 302. The two lower clamping plates 302 are arranged in parallel and spaced apart, and the distance between the two lower clamping plates 302 can be adjusted according to the thickness of the sample to be tested. A positioning member 304 is vertically fixed on the top of the lower clamping plate 302. The two upper clamping plates 301 are arranged in parallel and spaced apart, and a positioning groove 303 for inserting the positioning member 304 is provided at the lower part of the upper clamping plate 301. The positioning member 304 is inserted into the corresponding positioning groove 303, and the positioning member 304 forms a sliding connection in the positioning groove 303, and the distance between the upper clamping plate 301 and the lower clamping plate 302 is adjusted according to the height of the sample to be tested. The upper clamping plate 301 on the front side and the upper clamping plate 301 on the rear side are connected by adjustable bolts, and the lower clamping plate 302 on the front side and the lower clamping plate 302 on the rear side are also connected by adjustable bolts. The spacing between the two clamping plates on the front side and the rear side is adjusted according to the thickness of the sample to be tested. The adjustable bolts are used to apply a lateral force to the sample to be tested clamped between the upper clamping plate 301 and the lower clamping plate 302.

[0038] In the test fixture provided in this embodiment, the top of the upper clamping plate 301 and the bottom of the lower clamping plate 302 are respectively connected to the clamping cover plate 2 and the support base 4 through fixing members. In this embodiment, the fixing members are fixing bolts 203 and matching fixing nuts 204. A plurality of vertical guide columns 6 and guide screws 7 are also provided between the clamping cover plate 2 and the support base 4.

[0039] like Figure 7 As shown, the corresponding positions of the support base 4 provided in this embodiment for setting the guide column 6 and the guide screw 7 are provided with grooves. The bottoms of the guide column 6 and the guide screw 7 are provided with through holes for inserting the positioning pin 401. The bottoms of the guide column 6 and the guide screw 7 are vertically inserted into the grooves on the support base 4 and then the positioning pin 401 is inserted, so that the guide column 6 and the guide screw 7 are fixedly connected to the support base 4.

[0040] The support base 4 is also provided with a base fixing groove 402 and a base adjustment groove 403 for connecting with the two lower clamping plates 302. The base adjustment groove 403 is a through hole with a certain length, and the length direction of the base adjustment groove 403 is consistent with the spacing direction of the two lower clamping plates 302. Figure 6 The fixing bolt 203 at the bottom of one lower clamping plate 302 passes through the base fixing slot 402, and the fixing bolt 203 at the bottom of another lower clamping plate 302 can move forward and backward in the base adjustment slot 403, thereby adapting to the two lower clamping plates 302 with different spacings.

[0041] like Figure 3As shown, the clamping cover plate 2 provided in this embodiment also has a plurality of through holes for passing through the guide column 6 and the guide screw 7. The clamping cover plate 2 also has a cover plate adjustment groove 201 and a cover plate fixing groove 202 for connecting with the two upper clamping plates 301. The cover plate adjustment groove 201 is a through-long hole with a certain length. The length direction of the cover plate adjustment groove 201 is consistent with the spacing direction of the two upper clamping plates 301. The fixing bolt 203 on the top of one upper clamping plate 301 passes through the cover plate fixing groove 202, and the fixing bolt 203 on the top of the other upper clamping plate 301 can move back and forth in the cover plate adjustment groove 201, so as to adapt to the two upper clamping plates 301 with different spacings.

[0042] like Figure 3 As shown, an external thread is provided at the upper end of the guide screw 7, and an internal thread matching the external thread at the upper end of the guide screw 7 is provided inside the adjusting nut 5. The adjusting nut 5 is sleeved on the portion of the guide screw 7 that passes through the clamping cover plate 2. By rotating the adjusting nut 5, the distance between the clamping cover plate 2 and the supporting base 4 is adjusted, and a longitudinal force is applied to the sample to be tested clamped between the upper clamping plate 301 and the lower clamping plate 302.

[0043] The compression cover plate 1 provided in this embodiment includes an upper cover plate 101 and a lower cover plate 103 arranged in parallel and spaced apart, and the upper cover plate 101 and the lower cover plate 103 are connected by a cross vertical support 104. Figure 2 As shown. A lower cover plate through hole 102 is provided on the lower cover plate 103 for passing the guide column 6 and the guide screw 7. A cross groove 205 matching the cross vertical support 104 is provided on the upper surface of the clamping cover plate 2. The lower cover plate 103 in the compression cover plate 1 passes through the vertically arranged guide column 6 and the guide screw 7, and then is inserted into the cross groove 205 on the upper surface of the clamping cover plate 2 through the cross vertical support 104 to fix the compression cover plate 1 on the clamping cover plate 2. The provision of the cross groove 205 can not only increase the tightness of the connection between the compression cover plate 1 and the clamping cover plate 2, but also reduce the weight of the clamping cover plate 2, thereby reducing the weight of the overall test fixture. In this embodiment, cavities are also provided in the middle parts of the upper clamping plate 301 and the lower clamping plate 302 to reduce weight.

[0044] The test fixture provided by the present invention can be directly used as a fixture in an aging experiment. After simulating environmental aging, there is no need to remove the sample and then replace it with other test fixtures to perform compression performance tests. It should be noted that when conducting an aging experiment in an environmental chamber, the compression cover plate 1 does not need to be placed on the clamping cover plate 2. Because the guide column 6 and the guide screw 7 pass through the clamping cover plate 2, the upper surface must be ensured to be a plane during the compression performance test. Therefore, after the aging experiment is completed, the compression cover plate 1 is placed on the clamping cover plate 2, so that the lower surface of the support base 4 serves as the lower plane for the compression performance test, and the upper surface of the compression cover plate 1 serves as the upper plane for the compression performance test.

[0045] Since the clamping device 3 in this embodiment needs to be placed in an environmental chamber and undergo an aging test together with the sample, the device needs to meet the requirements of aging corrosion resistance and also needs to have a certain rigidity to apply lateral and longitudinal forces to the sample. Therefore, the upper clamping plate 301 and the lower clamping plate 302 can be made of titanium alloy or aviation aluminum alloy 6000 series material. Preferably, 6061 aluminum is used in this embodiment.

[0046] Next, this embodiment also provides a method for simulating the compression performance of composite materials under external force coupling using the above-mentioned test tooling, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0047] S1: A lower clamping plate 302 is fixedly connected to the support base 4 through a fixing piece passing through the base fixing groove 402, and the spacing between the two lower clamping plates 302 is adjusted according to the thickness of the sample to be tested. After the fixing piece at the bottom of the other lower clamping plate 302 is adjusted to the position in the base adjustment groove 403, it is fixedly connected to the support base 4. The sample to be tested is placed between the two lower clamping plates 302, and the bottom surface of the sample to be tested is flush with the support base 4. According to the height of the sample to be tested, the relative position of the positioning piece 304 on the lower clamping plate 302 inserted into the positioning groove 303 on the upper clamping plate 301 is adjusted, and the spacing between the upper clamping plate 301 and the lower clamping plate 302 is adjusted so that the upper surface of the sample to be tested is flush with the upper clamping plate 301. The two upper clamping plates 301 and the two lower clamping plates 302 are connected respectively by adjustable bolts, and the sample to be tested is fixed in the clamping device 3, and a lateral load is applied.

[0048] S2: The bottom of the guide column 6 and the guide screw 7 are inserted into the grooves provided on the support base 4, and the guide column 6 and the guide screw 7 are vertically fixed on the support base 4 by inserting the positioning pin 401 into the through hole at the bottom of the guide column 6 and the guide screw 7. The clamping cover plate 2 is passed through the top of the guide column 6 and the guide screw 7 and placed above the two upper clamping plates 301. One upper clamping plate 301 is fixedly connected to the clamping cover plate 2 through a fixing piece passing through the cover plate fixing groove 202, and the fixing piece on the other upper clamping plate 301 is fixedly connected to the clamping cover plate 2 after adjusting the position in the cover plate adjustment groove 201. The adjusting nut 5 is sleeved on the part of the guide screw 7 that passes through the clamping cover plate 2, and a longitudinal load is applied to the test sample by tightening the adjusting nut 5.

[0049] S3: Place the fixture holding the sample to be tested in an environmental chamber to carry out an aging experiment. The fixture holding the sample to be tested can provide lateral and longitudinal forces to the sample at the same time, and can simulate the effect of the sample being subjected to external loads in an actual environment in conjunction with the environmental chamber. After the aging experiment is completed, take out the fixture holding the sample to be tested, and place the compression cover plate 1 above the compression cover plate 2 through the guide column 6 and the guide screw 7.

[0050] S4: Place the test fixture holding the aged sample to be tested on the universal testing machine. According to the method requirements of ASTM D6641 of the American Society for Testing and Materials, use a torque screwdriver to evenly adjust the torque of the eight fixing bolts connecting the upper and lower clamping plates to 2.5-3N·m three times. After the installation of the compression sample is completed, the upper surface of the compression cover plate 1 contacts the upper compression plane of the universal testing machine, and the bottom surface of the support base 4 contacts the lower compression plane of the universal testing machine. Set the corresponding loading parameters on the universal testing machine, perform a compression test on the sample, and after the sample is destroyed, loosen all the fixing bolts, disassemble the fixture along the guide screw 7 and the guide column 6, take out the sample, and complete the sample compression test.

[0051] The above-described embodiment is only a preferred solution of the present invention, but it is not intended to limit the present invention. A person skilled in the relevant technical field may make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, any technical solution obtained by equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation falls within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A test tool for the compression performance of composite materials under external force coupling, characterized in that: It comprises a compression cover plate (1), a clamping cover plate (2), a clamping device (3), and a supporting base (4); The clamping device (3) comprises two upper clamping plates (301) and two lower clamping plates (302) for clamping the sample to be tested; the two upper clamping plates (301) are arranged in parallel and spaced apart, and a positioning groove (303) for inserting a positioning member (304) is provided at the lower part of the upper clamping plate (301); the two lower clamping plates (302) are also arranged in parallel and spaced apart, and a positioning member (304) is vertically fixed on the top of the lower clamping plate (302); the positioning member (304) is inserted into the corresponding The positioning member (304) is slidably connected in the positioning groove (303), and the spacing between the upper clamping plate (301) and the lower clamping plate (302) is adjusted according to the height of the sample to be tested; the front upper clamping plate (301) and the rear upper clamping plate (301) as well as the front lower clamping plate (302) and the rear lower clamping plate (302) are connected by adjustable bolts, and the spacing between the front and rear clamping plates is adjusted according to the thickness of the sample to be tested; The top of the upper clamping plate (301) and the bottom of the lower clamping plate (302) are respectively connected to the clamping cover plate (2) and the support base (4) through fixing parts; a plurality of vertical guide columns (6) and guide screws (7) are also provided between the clamping cover plate (2) and the support base (4); an external thread is provided at the upper end of the guide screw (7); an internal thread matching the external thread at the upper end of the guide screw (7) is provided inside the adjusting nut (5); the adjusting nut (5) is sleeved on the portion of the guide screw (7) passing through the clamping cover plate (2); the distance between the clamping cover plate (2) and the support base (4) is adjusted by rotating the adjusting nut (5); the lower surface of the support base (4) serves as a lower plane for compression performance testing; the compression cover plate (1) is arranged above the clamping cover plate (2), and the upper surface of the compression cover plate (1) serves as an upper plane for compression performance testing.

2. The tooling for testing the compression performance of composite materials under external force coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixing member comprises a fixing bolt (203) and a matching fixing nut (204).

3. The test tool for composite material compression performance under external force coupling according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pressing cover plate (2) is provided with a plurality of cover plate adjustment grooves (201) and cover plate fixing grooves (202) for passing fixing bolts (203), and the cover plate adjustment grooves (201) are through-long holes with a certain length; the length direction of the cover plate adjustment grooves (201) is consistent with the spacing direction of the two upper clamping plates (301).

4. The tooling for testing the compression performance of composite materials under external force coupling according to claim 2, characterized in that: The support base (4) is provided with a plurality of base fixing grooves (402) and base adjustment grooves (403) for passing fixing bolts (203), and the base adjustment grooves (403) are through-long holes with a certain length; the length direction of the base adjustment grooves (403) is consistent with the spacing direction of the two lower clamping plates (302).

5. The tooling for testing the compression performance of composite materials under external force coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping cover plate (2) is provided with through holes for passing the guide column (6) and the guide screw (7); the corresponding positions of the guide column (6) and the guide screw (7) on the support base (4) are provided with grooves; the bottoms of the guide column (6) and the guide screw (7) are provided with through holes for inserting the positioning pin (401); the bottoms of the guide column (6) and the guide screw (7) are vertically inserted into the grooves on the support base (4) and then the positioning pin (401) is inserted, so that the guide column (6) and the guide screw (7) are fixedly connected to the support base (4).

6. The tooling for testing the compression performance of composite materials under external force coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper clamping plate (301) and the lower clamping plate (302) are both made of titanium alloy or aviation aluminum alloy 6000 series material; the aviation aluminum alloy 6000 series includes 6061 aluminum, 6082 aluminum or 6013 aluminum.

7. The tooling for testing the compression performance of composite materials under external force coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The compression cover plate (1) comprises an upper cover plate (101) and a lower cover plate (103) which are arranged in parallel and spaced apart from each other. The upper cover plate (101) and the lower cover plate (103) are connected via a cross vertical support (104). The lower cover plate (103) is provided with a lower cover plate through hole (102) for passing a guide column (6) and a guide screw (7).

8. The tooling for testing the compression performance of composite materials under external force coupling according to claim 7, characterized in that: The upper surface of the pressing cover plate (2) is provided with a cross groove (205) matching the cross vertical support (104).

9. The tooling for testing the compression performance of composite materials under external force coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The middle parts of the upper clamping plate (301) and the lower clamping plate (302) are provided with cavities for reducing weight.

10. A method for simulating the compression performance of composite materials under external force coupling using the test tool as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The specific steps are as follows: S1: A lower clamping plate (302) is fixedly connected to the support base (4) through a fixing piece passing through the base fixing groove (402), and the distance between the two lower clamping plates (302) is adjusted according to the thickness of the sample to be tested; the fixing piece at the bottom of the other lower clamping plate (302) is adjusted to the position in the base adjustment groove (403), and then fixedly connected to the support base (4); the sample to be tested is placed between the two lower clamping plates (302), and the bottom surface of the sample to be tested is flush with the support base (4); according to The height of the sample to be tested is adjusted, the relative position of the positioning piece (304) on the lower clamping plate (302) is inserted into the positioning groove (303) on the upper clamping plate (301), and the spacing between the upper clamping plate (301) and the lower clamping plate (302) is adjusted so that the upper surface of the sample to be tested is flush with the upper clamping plate (301); the two upper clamping plates (301) and the two lower clamping plates (302) are respectively connected by adjustable bolts, the sample to be tested is fixed in the clamping device (3), and a lateral load is applied; S2: The bottoms of the guide column (6) and the guide screw (7) are inserted into the grooves provided on the support base (4), and the guide column (6) and the guide screw (7) are vertically fixed on the support base (4) by inserting the positioning pin (401) into the through holes at the bottoms of the guide column (6) and the guide screw (7); the clamping cover plate (2) is passed through the top of the guide column (6) and the guide screw (7) and placed above the two upper clamping plates (301); one upper clamping plate (301) is fixedly connected to the clamping cover plate (2) by passing the fixing piece through the cover plate fixing groove (202), and the fixing piece on the other upper clamping plate (301) is adjusted to the position in the cover plate adjustment groove (201) and then fixedly connected to the clamping cover plate (2); the adjusting nut (5) is sleeved on the part of the guide screw (7) passing through the clamping cover plate (2), and a longitudinal load is applied to the test sample by tightening the adjusting nut (5); S3: placing the fixture holding the sample to be tested in an environmental chamber to carry out an aging experiment; after the aging experiment, taking out the fixture holding the sample to be tested, passing the compression cover plate (1) through the guide column (6) and the guide screw (7) and placing it above the pressing cover plate (2); S4: placing the test fixture holding the aged sample to be tested on a universal testing machine, making the upper surface of the compression cover plate (1) contact the upper compression plane of the universal testing machine, and making the bottom surface of the support base (4) contact the lower compression plane of the universal testing machine, setting corresponding loading parameters, and performing a compression test on the sample to be tested.

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