A power measurement device and method based on analog quantum voltage source

Abstract

The application provides a power measurement device and method based on an analog quantum voltage source. The first standard voltage source in the power measurement device is an analog quantum voltage source and is used to generate a first standard quantum voltage in a sinusoidal waveform. The second standard voltage source is an alternating quantum voltage source and is used to output a second standard quantum voltage in a sinusoidal step wave. In the case where the other end of the switch is connected to the second standard voltage source, the processor adjusts the first standard quantum voltage based on the second standard quantum voltage. In the application, the standard quantum voltage of the alternating quantum voltage source is transmitted to the analog quantum voltage source. The pure sinusoidal wave signal of the analog quantum voltage is conducive to reducing the difference value of the power difference sampling, realizing continuous measurement, reducing the requirement for the stability of the power source, and realizing a double-pass analog quantum voltage source, and simplifying the differential measurement control of the voltage and the current in different phases.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of power measurement technology, and in particular relates to a power measurement device and method based on an analog quantum voltage source. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, a programmable AC quantum voltage source—the Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard (PJVS)—is used to measure AC power. The specific measurement process is as follows: the voltage and current channels of the power to be measured correspond to sinusoidal signals, and the PJVS generates a step wave corresponding to each sinusoidal signal; for each sinusoidal signal, the amplitude of the sinusoidal signal is determined based on the difference between the sinusoidal signal and its corresponding step wave, as well as the amplitude of the corresponding step wave; based on the amplitude of each sinusoidal signal and the phase difference between two sinusoidal signals, the power to be measured is determined.

[0003] However, current power measurement devices have the problem of requiring high stability of the power source being measured. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a power measurement device and method based on an analog quantum voltage source, which aims to solve the problem that power measurement devices in traditional technologies have high requirements for the stability of the power source being measured.

[0005] A first aspect of this application provides a power measurement device based on an analog quantum voltage source, comprising:

[0006] A conversion module is used to acquire the voltage to be measured and the current to be measured, and to convert the voltage to be measured into a first conversion voltage and the current to be measured into a second conversion voltage;

[0007] The first standard voltage source is an analog quantum voltage source and is used to generate a first standard quantum voltage with a sinusoidal waveform;

[0008] A first differential device is used to measure a first voltage difference between the first standard quantum voltage and the first conversion voltage;

[0009] The second differential device is used to measure the second voltage difference between the first standard quantum voltage and the second conversion voltage;

[0010] A processor is configured to obtain the power to be measured based on the first voltage difference, the second voltage difference, and the first standard quantum voltage;

[0011] The second standard voltage source is an AC quantum voltage source and is used to output a sinusoidal step wave second standard quantum voltage.

[0012] At least one switching element, one end of which is connected to the first differential device or the second differential device, and the other end of which is selectively connected to the second standard voltage source or connected to the first conversion voltage / second conversion voltage. When the other end of the switching element is connected to the second standard voltage source, the processor adjusts the first standard quantum voltage based on the second standard quantum voltage.

[0013] In some embodiments of this application, the second standard voltage source is a programmable Josephson quantum voltage source.

[0014] In some embodiments of this application, the power measuring device includes at least two switching elements, including a first switching element and a second switching element. One end of the first switching element is connected to the first input terminal of the first differential device, and the other end of the first switching element can be selectively connected to the second standard voltage source or connected to the first conversion voltage.

[0015] One end of the second switch is connected to the first input terminal of the second differential device, and the other end of the second switch can be selectively connected to the second standard voltage source or connected to the second conversion voltage.

[0016] In some embodiments of this application, the second input terminal of the first differential device is connected to the first standard voltage source, and when the first switch is connected to the second standard voltage source, the first differential device outputs a first differential signal;

[0017] The second input terminal of the second differential device is connected to the first standard voltage source, and when the second switch is connected to the second standard voltage source, the second differential device outputs a second differential signal;

[0018] The processor adjusts the output voltage of the first standard voltage source based on the first differential signal and the second differential signal to form the first standard quantum voltage.

[0019] In some embodiments of this application, the first standard quantum voltage includes a first sub-voltage and a second sub-voltage, wherein the first sub-voltage is used to output to the first differential device and the second sub-voltage is used to output to the second differential device.

[0020] In some embodiments of this application, the first standard voltage source includes an internal clock, and the first standard voltage source is also connected to an external clock, with an isolation resistor provided between the external clock and the internal clock;

[0021] The processor is also configured to use the external clock as the clock of the first standard voltage source when the switch is connected to the second standard voltage source or connected to the first conversion voltage / second conversion voltage.

[0022] In some embodiments of this application, the power measuring device includes a first conversion device, which is used to receive the voltage to be measured and convert the voltage to be measured into the first converted voltage according to a first target scaling factor;

[0023] And / or, the power measurement device includes a second conversion device for receiving the current to be measured and converting the current to be measured into a second conversion voltage according to a first target scaling factor.

[0024] Secondly, this application also provides a power measurement method based on an analog quantum voltage source, wherein the power measurement method is applied to the power measurement device described above, and the power measurement method includes the following steps:

[0025] Obtain the second standard quantum voltage of the sinusoidal step wave from the second standard voltage source;

[0026] The output voltage of the first standard voltage source is adjusted based on the difference between the second standard quantum voltage and the output voltage of the first standard voltage source to form a first standard quantum voltage with a sine wave.

[0027] A first voltage difference is obtained based on the first standard quantum voltage and the first conversion voltage, wherein the first conversion voltage corresponds to the voltage to be measured.

[0028] And a second voltage difference is obtained based on the first standard quantum voltage and the second conversion voltage, wherein the second conversion voltage corresponds to the current to be measured;

[0029] The power to be measured is obtained based on the first voltage difference, the second voltage difference, and the first standard quantum voltage.

[0030] In some embodiments of this application, the step of obtaining the first voltage difference based on the first standard quantum voltage and the first conversion voltage further includes:

[0031] The other end of the switch is switched from being connected to the second standard voltage source to being connected to the first conversion device for use with the first conversion voltage;

[0032] Before obtaining the second voltage difference based on the first standard quantum voltage and the second conversion voltage, the process also includes:

[0033] The other end of the switch is switched from being connected to the second standard voltage source to being connected to the second conversion device for use with the second converted voltage.

[0034] In some embodiments of this application, before adjusting the output voltage of the first standard voltage source based on the difference between the second standard quantum voltage and the output voltage of the first standard voltage source to form a sinusoidal first standard quantum voltage, the following steps are included:

[0035] The output voltage of the first standard voltage source is controlled to be in phase with the second standard quantum voltage by a synchronization signal.

[0036] In some embodiments of this application, after obtaining the second voltage difference based on the first standard quantum voltage and the second conversion voltage, the method further includes:

[0037] Calculate the difference between the first voltage difference and the second voltage difference;

[0038] If the differential value is not within the preset range, the phase of the first standard quantum voltage is adjusted until the differential value is within the preset range.

[0039] The beneficial effects of this application are as follows: This application provides a power measurement device and method based on an analog quantum voltage source. The power measurement device includes a conversion module, a first standard voltage source, a first differential device, a second differential device, a processor, a second standard voltage source, and at least one switching device. The conversion module is used to acquire the voltage to be measured and the current to be measured, and converts the voltage to be measured into a first converted voltage and the current to be measured into a second converted voltage. The first standard voltage source is an analog quantum voltage source and is used to generate a sinusoidal first standard quantum voltage. The first differential device is used to measure a first voltage difference between the first standard quantum voltage and the first converted voltage. The second differential device is used to measure a second voltage difference between the first standard quantum voltage and the second converted voltage. The processor is used to measure the voltage difference based on the first voltage difference and the second voltage difference, as well as a first standard voltage source. The quasi-quantum voltage is used to obtain the power to be measured; the second standard voltage source is an AC quantum voltage source, which is used to output a sinusoidal step wave second standard quantum voltage; one end of the switch is connected to the first differential device or the second differential device, and the other end of the switch can be selectively connected to the second standard voltage source or connected to the first conversion voltage / second conversion voltage. When the other end of the switch is connected to the second standard voltage source, the processor adjusts the first standard quantum voltage based on the second standard quantum voltage. In this application, by passing the standard quantum voltage of the AC quantum voltage source to the analog quantum voltage source, the pure sinusoidal signal of the analog quantum voltage helps to reduce the difference in power differential sampling, and realizes continuous measurement, reduces the requirement for the stability of the power source, and realizes a dual-pass analog quantum voltage source, simplifying the differential measurement control of voltage and current with different phases. Attached Figure Description

[0040] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a power measuring device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0041] Figure 2 This is another schematic diagram of the power measuring device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0042] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the steps of a power measurement method provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0043] Specific element symbol descriptions: K1 - First switching device, K2 - Second switching device, D1 - First differential device, D2 - Second differential device, U6 - First conversion device, U7 - Second conversion device, U5 - First standard voltage source, U8 - Processor. Detailed Implementation

[0044] To make the technical problems, technical solutions, and beneficial effects to be solved by this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0045] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "set on" another component, it can be directly on or indirectly on that other component. When a component is referred to as being "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to or indirectly connected to that other component.

[0046] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0047] It is important to understand that with the rapid development of global technology, especially in fields such as power, electronic measurement, and energy management, the requirements for the accuracy and reliability of power and energy measurements are increasing. Internationally, quantum power and energy standard technologies serve as the cornerstone for ensuring the accuracy of energy metering. The mainstream approaches are mainly divided into the "standard power source" scheme and the "standard power meter" scheme. Both schemes are based on the Josephson Voltage Standard (JVS) as a traceability benchmark, providing unprecedented accuracy and stability for energy and power measurements.

[0048] The standard power source scheme precisely amplifies the Josephson quantum voltage using a high-voltage amplifier and a high-current transconductance amplifier, generating a standard power signal that can be directly used to calibrate power or energy measurement equipment. The core of this scheme lies in utilizing high-precision voltage and transconductance amplifiers to achieve accurate signal amplification and calibration. However, to overcome the transient process and Gibbs phenomenon of the PJVS (Programmable Josephson Voltage Reference), the standard power source needs extremely high stability. However, developing a high-stability power source is difficult and costly, and complex phase-splitting processing is required for 0.5L (inductive load) and 0.5C (capacitive load), increasing control complexity. Furthermore, the standard power source scheme requires sophisticated precision voltage and transconductance amplifiers, resulting in high operating costs. Additionally, the Josephson quantum voltage needs to operate in a near-absolute-zero environment (approximately 4K) and is highly sensitive to grounding and interference signals. This necessitates that the standard power source scheme operate in a standard laboratory environment, increasing the complexity of operation and maintenance.

[0049] The standard power meter scheme converts the voltage and current components of the power or energy signal to be measured into a small voltage using a voltage divider and a current sensor. This voltage is then used for differential measurement against a quantum voltage reference, thus achieving value transfer. The standard power meter scheme acquires the difference between the voltage and the PJVS signal, and the difference between the current signal and the PJVS signal, respectively, through two differential sampling channels. The original signal value is reconstructed from the difference signals, and the power value is calculated. However, this process places extremely high demands on the accuracy of the differential measurement; any tiny error can significantly affect the final result. Furthermore, similar to the standard power source scheme, the standard power meter scheme also needs to overcome the transient process and Gibbs phenomenon of the PJVS to ensure measurement accuracy and stability. Likewise, because quantum voltages require operation in near-absolute-zero temperatures, the standard power meter scheme can only operate in standard laboratory environments, limiting its flexibility in practical applications.

[0050] Based on this, this application improves upon traditional power measurement devices and methods.

[0051] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the frame structure of the power measurement device provided in this embodiment; Figure 1 The simulated quantum voltage source in this embodiment corresponds to the first standard voltage source, the two differential samplings correspond to the first differential device D1 and the second differential device D2, the DSP control corresponds to the processor U8, and the PJVS corresponds to the second standard voltage source. This embodiment of a power measurement device based on an simulated quantum voltage source includes a conversion module, a first standard voltage source, a first differential device D1, a second differential device D2, a processor U8, a second standard voltage source, and at least one switching device.

[0052] It should be explained that the conversion module is responsible for acquiring the voltage and current signals to be measured and converting them into voltage signals suitable for subsequent processing. The conversion module's function is to convert the large amplitude signals of the voltage and current to be measured into signals with amplitudes close to the standard quantum voltage. Two differential devices are used to measure the difference between the standard quantum voltage and the converted voltage and current signals to be measured, respectively. Differential measurement technology helps suppress common-mode noise and improves the measurement's anti-interference capability.

[0053] In this embodiment, the conversion module is used to acquire the voltage and current to be measured, and converts the voltage to be measured into a first conversion voltage and the current to be measured into a second conversion voltage. The first standard voltage source is an analog quantum voltage source and is used to generate a sinusoidal first standard quantum voltage. The first differential device D1 is used to measure the first voltage difference between the first standard quantum voltage and the first conversion voltage. The second differential device D2 is used to measure the second voltage difference between the first standard quantum voltage and the second conversion voltage. The processor U8 is used to obtain the power to be measured based on the first voltage difference, the second voltage difference, and the first standard quantum voltage. The second standard voltage source is an AC quantum voltage source and is used to output a sinusoidal step wave second standard quantum voltage. One end of the switch is connected to the first differential device D1 or the second differential device D2, and the other end of the switch can be selectively connected to the second standard voltage source or connected to the first conversion voltage / second conversion voltage. When the other end of the switch is connected to the second standard voltage source, the processor U8 adjusts the first standard quantum voltage based on the second standard quantum voltage.

[0054] Understandably, current power measurement devices directly use the output signal of an AC quantum voltage source as the standard quantum voltage. This places high demands on the environment and anti-interference capabilities of the AC quantum voltage source, making it difficult to achieve high measurement accuracy. However, in this application, by transmitting the standard quantum voltage of the AC quantum voltage source to an analog quantum voltage source, the pure sinusoidal signal of the analog quantum voltage helps reduce the difference in power differential sampling, achieves continuous measurement, reduces the requirements for power source stability, and realizes a dual-pass analog quantum voltage source (e.g., two first standard quantum voltages are output to the first differential device D1 and the second differential device D2 respectively), simplifying the differential measurement control of voltage and current with different phases.

[0055] Specifically, the measurement method based on a simulated quantum voltage source in this embodiment can achieve differential sampling with near-quantum accuracy at room temperature. Since the simulated quantum voltage can achieve stability better than 3 ppm (parts per million) over 1000 hours, it can guarantee that AC active power at the 7 ppm level can be achieved without quantum voltage calibration for a month, thus realizing the measurement of simulated quantum voltage at room temperature. Furthermore, it can significantly reduce costs. Because the simulated quantum voltage achieves full sampling, differential sampling of AC power does not require a high-precision power source at the ppm level; only a common 0.05-level power source is needed. In addition, it reduces power source costs and eliminates the need for the low-temperature operating cost of PJVS. Meanwhile, traditional quantum differential sampling systems, because the quantum synthesis device must operate in a low-temperature (4K) environment, can only be used in laboratories to verify high-precision electrical energy standards. The power measurement device in this application can be taken to the field to verify standard energy meters of 0.02 level or higher.

[0056] In some embodiments of this application, the second standard voltage source is a programmable Josephson quantum voltage source. Specifically, the signal of the first standard voltage source is 1V.

[0057] Understandably, since PJVS is a step-wave with a step-up and step-down transition process, transmitting the second standard quantum voltage to the analog quantum voltage source is advantageous. Because the analog voltage signal of the analog quantum voltage source is only 1V, it can achieve a quasi-ideal sine wave and high stability, resulting in high transmission accuracy. The analog quantum voltage source, with its pure sine wave compared to the step-wave of PJVS, can reduce the difference in power differential sampling, thereby improving the accuracy of differential sampling. Furthermore, the analog quantum voltage source can output two phase-adjustable sine waves for differential sampling of power factors of 0.5L (Inductive) and 0.5C (Capacitive), without the transition process and step-wave of PJVS, achieving full sampling, small voltage difference, and continuous sampling throughout the entire process.

[0058] Please refer to the embodiments described in this application. Figure 1 The power measurement device in this embodiment includes at least two switching components, including a first switching component K1 and a second switching component K2. One end of the first switching component K1 is connected to the first input terminal of the first differential device D1, and the other end of the first switching component K1 can be selectively connected to a second standard voltage source or connected to a first conversion voltage. One end of the second switching component K2 is connected to the first input terminal of the second differential device D2, and the other end of the second switching component K2 can be selectively connected to a second standard voltage source or connected to a second conversion voltage.

[0059] Understandably, the first switch K1 can, as needed, connect the first input terminal of the first differential device D1 to the second standard voltage source (for forming the first standard quantum voltage through the second standard quantum voltage) or directly to the first conversion voltage (i.e., to measure the first voltage difference). Similarly, the first switch K1 can, as needed, connect the first input terminal of the second differential device D2 to the second standard voltage source (for forming the first standard quantum voltage through the second standard quantum voltage) or directly to the first conversion voltage (i.e., to measure the second voltage difference).

[0060] In some embodiments, the first differential device D1 is a voltage proportional converter, such as converting 100V to 1V. The second differential device D2 is a current proportional converter, such as converting 5A to 1V.

[0061] Please refer to the embodiments described in this application. Figure 1 In this embodiment, the second input terminal of the first differential device D1 is connected to the first standard voltage source, and when the first switch K1 is connected to the second standard voltage source, the first differential device D1 outputs a first differential signal; the second input terminal of the second differential device D2 is connected to the first standard voltage source, and when the second switch K2 is connected to the second standard voltage source, the second differential device D2 outputs a second differential signal; the processor U8 adjusts the output voltage of the first standard voltage source based on the first differential signal and the second differential signal to form a first standard quantum voltage.

[0062] Understandably, processor U8 receives differential signals from the first differential device D1 and the second differential device D2, and adjusts the output voltage of the first standard voltage source based on these signals. By adjusting the output voltage, processor U8 can generate and maintain a precise and stable first standard quantum voltage. This standard quantum voltage is the basis for subsequent power measurements.

[0063] Please refer to the embodiments described in this application. Figure 1 The first standard quantum voltage in this embodiment includes a first sub-voltage and a second sub-voltage. The first sub-voltage is used to output to the first differential device, and the second sub-voltage is used to output to the second differential device.

[0064] In some embodiments of this application, please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the first standard voltage source provided in this embodiment is shown. The first standard voltage source in this embodiment includes an internal clock and an external clock. An isolation resistor is provided between the external clock and the internal clock. The processor U8 is also used to use the external clock as the clock of the first standard voltage source when the switch is connected to the second standard voltage source or connected to the first conversion voltage / second conversion voltage.

[0065] It's important to explain that the first standard voltage source incorporates a clock module to generate a stable clock signal. This clock signal forms the basis for the voltage source's internal operations, such as generating the waveform for the standard quantum voltage. An external clock can provide higher accuracy or stability, especially in applications requiring long-term operation or high-precision measurements. The processor U8 can automatically switch clock sources based on the status of the switching components. When high-precision measurements or calibrations are required, an external clock can be used to ensure the stability and accuracy of the first standard voltage source.

[0066] Understandably, an isolation resistor is placed between the external clock and the internal clock. The purpose of this resistor is to prevent the external clock signal from interfering with the internal clock, while also ensuring electrical isolation between the two clock signals.

[0067] Please refer to the embodiments described in this application. Figure 1 The power measurement device in this embodiment includes a first conversion device U6, which is used to receive the voltage to be measured and convert the voltage to be measured into a first conversion voltage according to a first target scaling factor.

[0068] In some embodiments, the first conversion device U6 is a transformer.

[0069] In some embodiments of this application, the power measurement device includes a second conversion device U7, which is used to receive the current to be measured and convert the current to be measured into a second conversion voltage according to a first target scaling factor.

[0070] In some embodiments, the second converter is a current sensor.

[0071] Please continue reading. Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments of this application, the power measurement device includes a programmable power source U2 (for inputting the current and voltage to be measured), a high-stability clock U1, a PJVS quantum voltage synthesis device U3, an analog quantum voltage source (corresponding to the first standard voltage source), a first converter, a second converter, a first switch K1 and a second switch K2, a first differential device D1, a second differential device D2, a DSP control (corresponding to the processor U8), and a human-machine interface U4.

[0072] In some embodiments, the programmable power source U2 includes an XL803F three-phase programmable power source, or other 0.05-class three-phase programmable power sources.

[0073] In some embodiments, the high-temperature clock U1 employs a rubidium atomic clock or an accuracy better than 10. -10 The clock.

[0074] In some embodiments, the PJVS quantum voltage synthesis device U3 includes a complete PJVS quantum voltage synthesis device consisting of a microwave source, a multi-functional industrial control computer, a bias voltage, a quantum chip, and quantum voltage generation control software. The present invention uses the NIM-QUANTUM-001 type AC quantum voltage synthesis device.

[0075] In some embodiments, the first converter adopts a voltage ratio standard of 2ppm (Parts Per Million), and different specifications can be selected according to different input voltages, such as 100V to 1V or 220V to 1V.

[0076] In some embodiments, the second converter uses precision resistors, which can be selected with different specifications according to different input currents, such as 1A to 1V, 5A to 1V, 10A to 1V, and 100A to 1V.

[0077] In some embodiments, the analog quantum voltage source includes a high-stability crystal U51, a DSP (digital signal processor) U53, a 32M SDRAM U52, a DDS frequency multiplier U55, a resistor R1, DAC conversion modules U541 and U542, and a reference voltage U56.

[0078] Specifically, the 32M SDRAM is a synchronous dynamic random access memory, and the DDS frequency multiplier is a highly integrated direct digital frequency synthesizer. The high-stability crystal U51 uses a 10-8 temperature-controlled crystal. The isolation resistor has a resistance of 100 ohms. The DSP outputs the waveform stored in the SDRAM to DAC module 1 and DAC module 2 via DMA (Direct Memory Access). Two high-precision sinusoidal voltage waveforms are constructed. The DSP's SPORT function TSCLK controls the DMA output clock. This clock can be controlled by the DSP to be either an internal output clock or an external input clock. The isolation resistor enables automatic isolation between the internal input and external output clocks.

[0079] Furthermore, in order to better implement the power measurement device in any of the above embodiments, please refer to the following based on the power measurement device described above. Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the steps of the power measurement method provided in this embodiment; this application also provides a power measurement method based on an analog quantum voltage source, which is applied to the power measurement device described above, and includes the following steps:

[0080] S100: Obtain the second standard quantum voltage of the sinusoidal step wave of the second standard voltage source; specifically, the second standard quantum voltage is the quantum voltage signal output by PJVS.

[0081] S200: Adjust the output voltage of the first standard voltage source based on the difference between the output voltage of the second standard quantum voltage and the output voltage of the first standard voltage source to form a sinusoidal first standard quantum voltage; specifically, if the output voltage of the first standard voltage source is greater than the second standard quantum voltage, then the output voltage of the first standard voltage source is reduced; if the output voltage of the first standard voltage source is smaller than the second standard quantum voltage, then the output voltage of the first standard voltage source is increased. After the adjustment is completed, the output voltage of the first standard voltage source is taken as the first standard quantum voltage.

[0082] S300: The first voltage difference is obtained based on the first standard quantum voltage and the first conversion voltage, and the first conversion voltage corresponds to the voltage to be measured;

[0083] S400: and a second voltage difference is obtained based on the first standard quantum voltage and the second conversion voltage, the second conversion voltage corresponding to the current to be measured;

[0084] S500: The power to be measured is obtained based on the first voltage difference, the second voltage difference, and the first standard quantum voltage. Specifically, in the embodiments of this application, the standard quantum voltage of the AC quantum voltage source can be transmitted to the simulated quantum voltage source. The pure sinusoidal signal of the simulated quantum voltage helps to reduce the difference in power differential sampling, thereby improving the measurement accuracy.

[0085] In some embodiments of this application, the method further includes, before obtaining the first voltage difference based on the first standard quantum voltage and the first conversion voltage:

[0086] Switch the other end of the switch from being connected to the second standard voltage source to being connected to the first conversion device U6 for use with the first conversion voltage;

[0087] Before obtaining the second voltage difference based on the first standard quantum voltage and the second conversion voltage, the following steps are also included:

[0088] Switch the other end of the switch from connecting to the second standard voltage source to connecting to the second conversion device U7 for use with the second conversion voltage.

[0089] In some embodiments of this application, before adjusting the output voltage of the first standard voltage source based on the difference between the second standard quantum voltage and the output voltage of the first standard voltage source to form a sinusoidal first standard quantum voltage, the following steps are included:

[0090] The output voltage of the first standard voltage source is controlled to be in phase with the second standard quantum voltage by a synchronization signal. Specifically, the synchronization signal comes from the PJVS quantum voltage synthesizer U3, which can be used to control the start position of each cycle and enable DMA output when the synchronization signal arrives.

[0091] In some embodiments of this application, after obtaining the second voltage difference based on the first standard quantum voltage and the second conversion voltage, the method further includes:

[0092] Calculate the difference between the first voltage difference and the second voltage difference;

[0093] If the differential value is not within the preset range, adjust the phase of the first standard quantum voltage until the differential value is within the preset range.

[0094] The specific process of the power measurement method in this application is as follows:

[0095] like Figure 1 In the structure shown, the first switch K1 and the second switch K2 are switched to the position of contact 3;

[0096] The processor U8 controls the clock of the analog quantum voltage source to be in external clock mode, and both the PJVS and the analog quantum voltage source output a 1V AC signal.

[0097] The output voltages of the two analog quantum voltage sources and the PJVS are controlled to be in phase by a synchronization signal.

[0098] Two differential sampling values ​​are read using differential sampling. When the differential sampling value is positive, the output amplitude of the analog quantum voltage source is adjusted to decrease; when the differential sampling value is negative, the amplitude of the analog quantum voltage is increased, until the difference between the amplitude of the analog quantum voltage and the amplitude of the PJVS is less than 1 ppm. This achieves the formation of the first standard quantum voltage.

[0099] Then, the first switch K1 and the second switch K2 are switched to the position of contact 2 to control the clock of the analog quantum voltage source to the external clock mode (so that the sampled value of the analog quantum voltage source can be accurately obtained after differential sampling).

[0100] The programmable power source outputs the voltage or current value to be tested. This voltage and current value must be used in conjunction with voltage and current ratios to ensure that the AC voltage value after voltage and current ratio conversion is 1V. For example, if the power source outputs 100V and 5A, then the voltage ratio must be 100V:1V and 5A:1V.

[0101] The differential sampling rate is set to 1 MSPS (1 million samples per second). Two differential sampling values ​​are read through differential sampling. The phase of the two analog quantum voltage sources is adjusted so that the differential sampling difference is less than 0.1%. Specifically, this is conducive to achieving an in-phase effect similar to PJVS. In fact, the in-phase effect does not need to be too accurate. The difference part is reconstructed and reproduced through differential sampling.

[0102] Based on the differential sampling values, the original sampled values ​​of voltage and current are reconstructed. For example, if the differential sampling value is Sd and the value of the simulated quantum voltage source is Smi (initialized by a synchronization signal), then the original sampled value S = Smi + Sd. The voltage, current, power, and energy values ​​are then calculated based on the reconstructed sampled values.

[0103] In some embodiments, when there is an electrical energy pulse input, the electrical energy error value can be directly calculated based on the pulse input.

[0104] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts that are not described in detail or recorded in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0105] The basic concepts have been described above. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, the detailed disclosure above is merely illustrative and does not constitute a limitation of this application. Although not explicitly stated herein, those skilled in the art may make various modifications, improvements, and corrections to this application. Such modifications, improvements, and corrections are suggested in this application, and therefore remain within the spirit and scope of the exemplary embodiments of this application.

[0106] Furthermore, this application uses specific terms to describe embodiments of the application. For example, "an embodiment," "one embodiment," and / or "some embodiments" refer to a particular feature, structure, or characteristic associated with at least one embodiment of the application. Therefore, it should be emphasized and noted that "an embodiment," "one embodiment," or "an alternative embodiment" mentioned twice or more in different locations in this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. In addition, certain features, structures, or characteristics in one or more embodiments of the application can be appropriately combined.

[0107] Similarly, it should be noted that, in order to simplify the description of the present application and thus aid in the understanding of one or more embodiments of the invention, the foregoing description of the embodiments of the present application sometimes combines multiple features into a single embodiment, drawing, or description thereof. However, this disclosure method does not imply that the subject matter of the application requires more features than those mentioned in the claims. In fact, the embodiments contain fewer features than all the features of the single embodiments disclosed above.

[0108] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and should all be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A power measurement device based on an analog quantum voltage source, characterized in that, include: A conversion module is used to acquire the voltage to be measured and the current to be measured, and to convert the voltage to be measured into a first conversion voltage and the current to be measured into a second conversion voltage; The first standard voltage source is an analog quantum voltage source and is used to generate a first standard quantum voltage with a sinusoidal waveform; A first differential device is used to measure a first voltage difference between the first standard quantum voltage and the first conversion voltage; The second differential device is used to measure the second voltage difference between the first standard quantum voltage and the second conversion voltage; A processor is configured to obtain the power to be measured based on the first voltage difference, the second voltage difference, and the first standard quantum voltage; The second standard voltage source is an AC quantum voltage source and is used to output a sinusoidal step wave second standard quantum voltage. At least one switching element, one end of which is connected to the first differential device or the second differential device, and the other end of which is selectively connected to the second standard voltage source or connected to the first conversion voltage / second conversion voltage. When the other end of the switching element is connected to the second standard voltage source, the processor adjusts the first standard quantum voltage based on the second standard quantum voltage.

2. The power measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second standard voltage source is a programmable Josephson quantum voltage source.

3. The power measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power measurement device includes at least two switching components, including a first switching component and a second switching component. One end of the first switching component is connected to the first input terminal of the first differential device, and the other end of the first switching component can be selectively connected to the second standard voltage source or connected to the first conversion voltage. One end of the second switch is connected to the first input terminal of the second differential device, and the other end of the second switch can be selectively connected to the second standard voltage source or connected to the second conversion voltage.

4. The power measuring device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The second input terminal of the first differential device is connected to the first standard voltage source, and when the first switch is connected to the second standard voltage source, the first differential device outputs a first differential signal; The second input terminal of the second differential device is connected to the first standard voltage source, and when the second switch is connected to the second standard voltage source, the second differential device outputs a second differential signal; The processor adjusts the output voltage of the first standard voltage source based on the first differential signal and the second differential signal to form the first standard quantum voltage.

5. The power measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first standard quantum voltage includes a first sub-voltage and a second sub-voltage. The first sub-voltage is used to output to the first differential device, and the second sub-voltage is used to output to the second differential device.

6. The power measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first standard voltage source includes an internal clock, and the first standard voltage source is also connected to an external clock. An isolation resistor is provided between the external clock and the internal clock. The processor is also configured to use the external clock as the clock of the first standard voltage source when the switch is connected to the second standard voltage source or connected to the first conversion voltage / second conversion voltage.

7. The power measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power measurement device includes a first conversion device, which is used to receive the voltage to be measured and convert the voltage to be measured into the first converted voltage according to a first target scaling factor. And / or, the power measurement device includes a second conversion device for receiving the current to be measured and converting the current to be measured into a second conversion voltage according to a first target scaling factor.

8. A power measurement method based on an analog quantum voltage source, characterized in that, The power measurement method is applied to the power measurement device as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, and the power measurement method includes the following steps: Obtain the second standard quantum voltage of the sinusoidal step wave from the second standard voltage source; The output voltage of the first standard voltage source is adjusted based on the difference between the second standard quantum voltage and the output voltage of the first standard voltage source to form a first standard quantum voltage with a sine wave. A first voltage difference is obtained based on the first standard quantum voltage and the first conversion voltage, wherein the first conversion voltage corresponds to the voltage to be measured. And a second voltage difference is obtained based on the first standard quantum voltage and the second conversion voltage, wherein the second conversion voltage corresponds to the current to be measured; The power to be measured is obtained based on the first voltage difference, the second voltage difference, and the first standard quantum voltage.

9. The power measurement method according to claim 8, characterized in that, Before obtaining the first voltage difference based on the first standard quantum voltage and the first conversion voltage, the process further includes: The other end of the switch is switched from being connected to the second standard voltage source to being connected to the first conversion device for use with the first conversion voltage; Before obtaining the second voltage difference based on the first standard quantum voltage and the second conversion voltage, the process also includes: The other end of the switch is switched from being connected to the second standard voltage source to being connected to the second conversion device for use with the second converted voltage.

10. The power measurement method according to claim 8, characterized in that, Before adjusting the output voltage of the first standard voltage source based on the difference between the second standard quantum voltage and the output voltage of the first standard voltage source to form a sinusoidal first standard quantum voltage, the following steps are included: The output voltage of the first standard voltage source is controlled to be in phase with the second standard quantum voltage by a synchronization signal.

11. The power measurement method according to claim 8, characterized in that, After obtaining the second voltage difference based on the first standard quantum voltage and the second conversion voltage, the method further includes: Calculate the difference between the first voltage difference and the second voltage difference; If the differential value is not within the preset range, the phase of the first standard quantum voltage is adjusted until the differential value is within the preset range.

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