New investment project financial analysis method for monthly accounting and dynamic monitoring

Abstract

The invention provides a new investment project financial analysis method for monthly accounting and dynamic monitoring, and relates to the field of financial auditing. The new investment project financial analysis method with monthly accounting and dynamic monitoring comprises the following steps: S1, project basic information; s2, constructing basic data; s3, basic data are received; s4, cost basic data; s5, financing basic data; s6, an investment expenditure and fund profit table; s7, repayment of the information table; s8, a cost table; s9, obtaining an income table; s10, a tax table; s11, profit and profit distribution table; s12, a cash flow table; s13, making an asset balance table; s14, setting a project capital investment flow table; s15, financial indexes; and S16, dynamically monitoring the operation. According to the method, investment project financial analysis can be rapidly, accurately and dynamically carried out in a full-life mode, labor cost is saved, technical obstacles are reduced, calculation accuracy is remarkably improved, the method is a powerful tool for scientific decision making and post evaluation of investment projects, and the investment decision making level and investment benefits can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of financial auditing, and in particular to a new financial analysis method for investment projects with monthly accounting and dynamic monitoring. Background Art

[0002] In traditional financial analysis of investment projects, a static analysis method based on years is usually adopted, which mainly relies on net present value, internal rate of return, payback period and financial statement analysis. Net present value is to evaluate the profitability of the project by discounting future cash flows to the present time and comparing them with the initial investment. Internal rate of return is to calculate the discount rate that makes NPV zero, which is used to evaluate the expected rate of return of the project. Payback period is calculated by calculating the time required for the project to recover the initial investment. Financial statement analysis includes income statement, balance sheet and cash flow statement.

[0003] At present, whether it is Excel to build a financial model or some software on the market, they only set the time point of cash flow to the year, and cannot accurately calculate the time value of funds in different months of the year, the impact of funds surplus and shortage, etc. on the project financial analysis conclusions, and the actual situation is that accounting is processed on a monthly basis, and the annual accounting results deviate too much from the actual results, affecting investment decisions. At present, the industry's financial analysis of investment projects only stays in the early forecast stage, and cannot achieve refined dynamic monitoring, and cannot finely quantify the contribution or loss of the responsible parties and reasons to various indicators of the project, and track evaluation and performance appraisal. Therefore, technical personnel in this field provide a new method for financial analysis of investment projects based on monthly accounting and dynamic monitoring to solve the problems raised in the above background technology. Summary of the invention

[0004] 1. Technical issues to be resolved

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a new method for financial analysis of investment projects based on monthly accounting and dynamic monitoring, which solves the problems that the prior methods cannot accurately calculate the impact of the time value of funds, surplus or shortage of funds, etc. in different months of the year on the conclusions of project financial analysis, and cannot calculate the normal situation of projects that are not at the beginning of the year or a full year, resulting in the calculation results deviating too much from the actual situation and affecting investment decisions.

[0006] (II) Technical solution

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: a new method for financial analysis of investment projects with monthly accounting and dynamic monitoring, comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1. Basic project information, to solve the practical problem of mismatch between accounting period and project period when the project construction period and operation period are not a full year or the beginning of the year; calculate the impact of tax refund and retained tax refund policies respectively;

[0009] S2. Construction basic data. First, construction expenditures are divided into different amounts according to the input tax rate. The advance payment, warranty deposit, progress payment, depreciation and amortization, residual value and account assets of each amount are different. Secondly, the time point of each expenditure is accurate to a certain year and month, and the time value of money is fully considered to avoid the drawback of offsetting inflows and outflows within a year and covering up the truth of cash flow. Finally, there are multiple major repairs during the life of the project. Each major repair is divided into different amounts according to the input tax rate. Each amount should consider the advance payment, warranty deposit, progress payment, amortization, residual value and defect liability period.

[0010] S3. Basic income data, calculate the frequency of income occurrence, monthly, quarterly, half-yearly, annual or irregular occurrence; multiple income, each income's output tax rate, unit price, quantity, amount, whether it is exempt from income tax, consumption tax, property tax, immediate tax rate, occurrence in different years and months, regular growth and irregular changes; multiple operating period income, multiple construction period income recognition income, multiple construction period income reduction cost, and a series of accounting and tax policy impacts caused by this; multiple government subsidy income, different treatments under the gross method and net method, whether it is tax-exempt and tax adjustment;

[0011] S4. Cost basic data, multiple costs, input tax rate and amount of each cost, occurrence in different years and months, regular growth and irregular changes; different treatment of costs during the construction period and operation period; calculation of three exemptions and three reductions of income tax and different tax rates; various taxes and surcharges during the construction period and operation period, and considering the annual, half-year, quarterly and monthly tax deadlines, and tax policies of different provinces;

[0012] S5. Basic financing data, multiple shareholders, capital increase and reduction during the construction and operation periods, capital reserve, dividends by amount, dividends by proportion, and distribution of residual property; shareholder capital reduction amount, impairment ratio, and recommended values ​​for shareholder withdrawal and termination compensation; 11 types of bank loan principal and interest repayment methods: equal principal and interest per month / quarter / year; equal principal per month / quarter / year; monthly / quarter / year interest payment, irregular principal repayment; interest paid with principal; arbitrary interest calculation; multiple bank loans, each loan has a different principal and interest repayment method and changes at any time, the loan interest rate changes at any time in a certain month, and sudden principal repayment; consider or not consider the contractor's advance payment and construction profit, and the refined impact on project revenue; iterative calculation and actual calculation of capitalized interest during the construction period;

[0013] S6. Investment expenditure and fund raising table, other funds during the construction period, including the impact of construction period income, expenses, government subsidy income, tax payment and tax refund on the investment financing structure; by analyzing the monthly report, find out the shortcomings of the annual report data and see the truth of the capital flow; understand the serious shortcomings of "total investment = capital + bank loans" and the consequences caused, such as other funds during the construction period, contractor advance payment, and construction profit will cause errors in this equation;

[0014] S7. Principal and interest payment table. Pay more attention to the monthly report for principal and interest payment, because interest is rarely paid once a year. Calculate the impact of debt funds such as contractor advance payment and construction profit, which are essentially interest-free, on the project capital yield.

[0015] S8. Cost and expense table, accurately calculate the operating costs, depreciation and amortization of different assets, capitalized and expensed interest and overhaul amortization in the construction period and operation period cost and expense table;

[0016] S9. Income statement, accurately calculate the construction period income, operation period income, output tax, deferred income amortization and other income, unit price and quantity;

[0017] S10. Tax table, accurately calculate the output tax and input tax during the construction and operation period of value-added tax; retained amount, actual tax paid, immediate tax refund, retained tax refund; calculation of various taxes and surcharges; value-added tax can only be calculated from monthly reports, and errors will occur if calculated from annual reports;

[0018] S11. Profit and profit distribution statement, 5-year pre-tax loss compensation for income tax, the surplus reserve fund should consider the surplus reserve fund loss compensation, net profit loss compensation, and 50% limit; distinguish the income from the construction period to offset the cost, other income recognized by deferred income, the impact of operating costs, construction interest expense and capitalization, and value-added tax refund on the income statement; accurately calculate various tax adjustment items;

[0019] S12. Cash flow statement, accurate presentation and calculation of overhaul expenditure, capitalized interest expenditure, value-added tax refund, income offset against costs, and debt service reserve ratio;

[0020] S13. Balance sheet, analysis of situations where monetary funds are negative; monthly processing of advance payments and warranty deposits; monthly confirmation of projects under construction and contract assets including construction period interest as the project progresses; accurate allocation of cost reduction income among various types of assets with different lifespans and the complex impact of residual value on them; accurate monthly balance of the balance sheet, and extended to the "three balances" verification of the monthly report;

[0021] S14. Project investment cash flow table, project valuation at the contract stage; investor cash flow table and calculation of various indicators under any combination and split of shareholders; calculation under shareholder capital increase and decrease during the construction and operation periods;

[0022] S15. Financial indicators, IRR indicator failure and correction methods; calculate financial indicator data by year and month respectively;

[0023] S16. Dynamic operation monitoring, maintaining actual project operation data on a monthly basis; real-time dynamic monitoring of the ever-changing IRR and NPV, and comparing the curves with the contract, and real-time valuation of the project; finding out which reasons, which responsible parties and which time periods have contributed or lost to the project, so as to strengthen management in the future; real-time calculation of each shareholder’s income changes in the project due to capital increase, capital reduction and dividends, and comparing the curves with the contract, and valuing their equity; superiors monitor the project operation and various indicators of subordinates.

[0024] (III) Beneficial effects

[0025] The present invention provides a new method for financial analysis of investment projects with monthly accounting and dynamic monitoring. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] 1. In the present invention, the financial analysis of investment projects can be carried out quickly, accurately, dynamically and throughout the life cycle, saving labor costs, reducing technical barriers, and significantly improving calculation accuracy. It is a powerful tool for scientific decision-making and post-evaluation of investment projects, which is conducive to improving the level of investment decision-making and investment benefits. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] Embodiment 1:

[0029] The embodiment of the present invention provides a new method for financial analysis of investment projects with monthly accounting and dynamic monitoring, comprising the following steps:

[0030] S1. Basic project information, to solve the practical problem of mismatch between accounting period and project period when the project construction period and operation period are not a full year or the beginning of the year; calculate the impact of tax refund and retained tax refund policies respectively;

[0031] S2. Construction basic data. First, construction expenditures are divided into different amounts according to the input tax rate. The advance payment, warranty deposit, progress payment, depreciation and amortization, residual value and account assets of each amount are different. Secondly, the time point of each expenditure is accurate to a certain year and month, and the time value of money is fully considered to avoid the drawback of offsetting inflows and outflows within a year and covering up the truth of cash flow. Finally, there are multiple major repairs during the life of the project. Each major repair is divided into different amounts according to the input tax rate. Each amount should consider the advance payment, warranty deposit, progress payment, amortization, residual value and defect liability period.

[0032] S3. Basic income data, calculate the frequency of income occurrence, monthly, quarterly, half-yearly, annual or irregular occurrence; multiple income, each income's output tax rate, unit price, quantity, amount, whether it is exempt from income tax, consumption tax, property tax, immediate tax rate, occurrence in different years and months, regular growth and irregular changes; multiple operating period income, multiple construction period income recognition income, multiple construction period income reduction cost, and a series of accounting and tax policy impacts caused by this; multiple government subsidy income, different treatments under the gross method and net method, whether it is tax-exempt and tax adjustment;

[0033] S4. Cost basic data, multiple costs, input tax rate and amount of each cost, occurrence in different years and months, regular growth and irregular changes; different treatment of costs during the construction period and operation period; calculation of three exemptions and three reductions of income tax and different tax rates; various taxes and surcharges during the construction period and operation period, and considering the annual, half-year, quarterly and monthly tax deadlines, and tax policies of different provinces;

[0034] S5. Basic financing data, multiple shareholders, capital increase and reduction during the construction and operation periods, capital reserve, dividends by amount, dividends by proportion, and distribution of residual property; shareholder capital reduction amount, impairment ratio, and recommended values ​​for shareholder withdrawal and termination compensation; 11 types of bank loan principal and interest repayment methods: equal principal and interest per month / quarter / year; equal principal per month / quarter / year; monthly / quarter / year interest payment, irregular principal repayment; interest paid with principal; arbitrary interest calculation; multiple bank loans, each loan has a different principal and interest repayment method and changes at any time, the loan interest rate changes at any time in a certain month, and sudden principal repayment; consider or not consider the contractor's advance payment and construction profit, and the refined impact on project revenue; iterative calculation and actual calculation of capitalized interest during the construction period;

[0035] S6. Investment expenditure and fund raising table, other funds during the construction period, including the impact of construction period income, expenses, government subsidy income, tax payment and tax refund on the investment financing structure; by analyzing the monthly report, find out the shortcomings of the annual report data and see the truth of the capital flow; understand the serious shortcomings of "total investment = capital + bank loans" and the consequences caused, such as other funds during the construction period, contractor advance payment, and construction profit will cause errors in this equation;

[0036] S7. Principal and interest payment table. Pay more attention to the monthly report for principal and interest payment, because interest is rarely paid once a year. Calculate the impact of debt funds such as contractor advance payment and construction profit, which are essentially interest-free, on the project capital yield.

[0037] S8. Cost and expense table, accurately calculate the operating costs, depreciation and amortization of different assets, capitalized and expensed interest and overhaul amortization in the construction period and operation period cost and expense table;

[0038] S9. Income statement, accurately calculate the construction period income, operation period income, output tax, deferred income amortization and other income, unit price and quantity;

[0039] S10. Tax table, accurately calculate the output tax and input tax during the construction and operation period of value-added tax; retained amount, actual tax paid, immediate tax refund, retained tax refund; calculation of various taxes and surcharges; value-added tax can only be calculated from monthly reports, and errors will occur if calculated from annual reports;

[0040] S11. Profit and profit distribution statement, 5-year pre-tax loss compensation for income tax, the surplus reserve fund should consider the surplus reserve fund loss compensation, net profit loss compensation, and 50% limit; distinguish the income from the construction period to offset the cost, other income recognized by deferred income, the impact of operating costs, construction interest expense and capitalization, and value-added tax refund on the income statement; accurately calculate various tax adjustment items;

[0041] S12. Cash flow statement, accurate presentation and calculation of overhaul expenditure, capitalized interest expenditure, value-added tax refund, income offset against costs, and debt service reserve ratio;

[0042] S13. Balance sheet, analysis of situations where monetary funds are negative; monthly processing of advance payments and warranty deposits; monthly confirmation of projects under construction and contract assets including construction period interest as the project progresses; accurate allocation of cost reduction income among various types of assets with different lifespans and the complex impact of residual value on them; accurate monthly balance of the balance sheet, and extended to the "three balances" verification of the monthly report;

[0043] S14. Project investment cash flow table, project valuation at the contract stage; investor cash flow table and calculation of various indicators under any combination and split of shareholders; calculation under shareholder capital increase and decrease during the construction and operation periods;

[0044] S15. Financial indicators, IRR indicator failure and correction methods; calculate financial indicator data by year and month respectively;

[0045] S16. Dynamic operation monitoring, maintaining actual project operation data on a monthly basis; real-time dynamic monitoring of the ever-changing IRR and NPV, and comparing the curves with the contract, and real-time valuation of the project; finding out which reasons, which responsible parties and which time periods have contributed or lost to the project, so as to strengthen management in the future; real-time calculation of each shareholder’s income changes in the project due to capital increase, capital reduction and dividends, and comparing the curves with the contract, and valuing their equity; superiors monitor the project operation and various indicators of subordinates.

[0046] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A new method for financial analysis of investment projects with monthly accounting and dynamic monitoring, characterized by: The following steps are involved: S1. Basic project information, to solve the practical problem of mismatch between accounting period and project period when the project construction period and operation period are not a full year or the beginning of the year; calculate the impact of tax refund and retained tax refund policies respectively; S2. Construction basic data. First, construction expenditures are divided into different amounts according to the input tax rate. The advance payment, warranty deposit, progress payment, depreciation and amortization, residual value and account assets of each amount are different. Secondly, the time point of each expenditure is accurate to a certain year and month, and the time value of money is fully considered to avoid the drawback of offsetting inflows and outflows within a year and covering up the truth of cash flow. Finally, there are multiple major repairs during the life of the project. Each major repair is divided into different amounts according to the input tax rate. Each amount should consider the advance payment, warranty deposit, progress payment, amortization, residual value and defect liability period. S3. Basic income data, calculate the frequency of income occurrence, monthly, quarterly, half-yearly, annual or irregular occurrence; multiple income, each income's output tax rate, unit price, quantity, amount, whether it is exempt from income tax, consumption tax, property tax, immediate tax rate, occurrence in different years and months, regular growth and irregular changes; multiple operating period income, multiple construction period income recognition income, multiple construction period income reduction cost, and a series of accounting and tax policy impacts caused by this; multiple government subsidy income, different treatments under the gross method and net method, whether it is tax-exempt and tax adjustment; S4. Cost basic data, multiple costs, input tax rate and amount of each cost, occurrence in different years and months, regular growth and irregular changes; different treatment of costs during the construction period and operation period; calculation of three exemptions and three reductions of income tax and different tax rates; various taxes and surcharges during the construction period and operation period, and considering the annual, half-year, quarterly and monthly tax deadlines, and tax policies of different provinces; S5. Basic financing data, multiple shareholders, capital increase and reduction during the construction and operation periods, capital reserve, dividends by amount, dividends by proportion, and distribution of residual property; shareholder capital reduction amount, impairment ratio, and recommended values ​​for shareholder withdrawal and termination compensation; 11 types of bank loan principal and interest repayment methods: equal principal and interest per month / quarter / year; equal principal per month / quarter / year; monthly / quarter / year interest payment, irregular principal repayment; interest paid with principal; arbitrary interest calculation; multiple bank loans, each loan has a different principal and interest repayment method and changes at any time, the loan interest rate changes at any time in a certain month, and sudden principal repayment; consider or not consider the contractor's advance payment and construction profit, and the refined impact on project revenue; iterative calculation and actual calculation of capitalized interest during the construction period; S6. Investment expenditure and fund raising table, the impact of other funds during the construction period (construction period income, expenses, government subsidy income, tax payment and tax refund) on the investment financing structure; through the analysis of monthly reports, find out the shortcomings of annual report data and see the truth of capital flow (this problem runs through all reports); understand the serious shortcomings of "total investment = capital + bank loans" and the consequences caused, such as other funds during the construction period, contractor advance payment, and construction profit will cause errors in this equation; S7. Principal and interest payment table. Pay more attention to the monthly report for principal and interest payment, because interest is rarely paid once a year. Calculate the impact of debt funds such as contractor advance payment and construction profit, which are essentially interest-free, on the project capital yield. S8. Cost and expense table, accurately calculate the operating costs (excluding taxes), depreciation and amortization of different assets, capitalized and expensed interest and overhaul amortization in the construction period and operation period cost and expense table; S9. Income statement, accurately calculate the construction period income, operation period income, output tax, deferred income amortization and other income, unit price and quantity; S10. Tax table, accurately calculate the output tax and input tax during the construction and operation period of value-added tax; retained amount, actual tax paid, immediate tax refund, retained tax refund; calculation of various taxes and surcharges; value-added tax can only be calculated from monthly reports, and errors will occur if calculated from annual reports; S11. Profit and profit distribution statement, 5-year pre-tax loss compensation for income tax, the surplus reserve fund should consider the surplus reserve fund loss compensation, net profit loss compensation, and 50% limit; distinguish the income from the construction period to offset the cost, other income recognized by deferred income, the impact of operating costs, construction interest expense and capitalization, and value-added tax refund on the income statement; accurately calculate various tax adjustment items; S12. Cash flow statement, accurate presentation and calculation of overhaul expenditure, capitalized interest expenditure, value-added tax refund, income offset against costs, and debt service reserve ratio; S13. Balance sheet, analysis of situations where monetary funds are negative; monthly processing of advance payments and warranty deposits; monthly confirmation of projects under construction and contract assets including construction period interest as the project progresses; accurate allocation of cost reduction income among various types of assets with different lifespans and the complex impact of residual value on them; accurate monthly balance of the balance sheet, and extended to the "three balances" verification of the monthly report; S14. Project investment cash flow table, project valuation at the contract stage; investor cash flow table and calculation of various indicators under any combination and split of shareholders; calculation under shareholder capital increase and decrease during the construction and operation periods; S15. Financial indicators, IRR indicator failure and correction methods; calculate financial indicator data by year and month respectively; S16. Dynamic operation monitoring, maintaining actual project operation data on a monthly basis; real-time dynamic monitoring of the ever-changing IRR and NPV, and comparing the curves with the contract, and real-time valuation of the project; finding out which reasons, which responsible parties and which time periods have contributed or lost to the project, so as to strengthen management in the future; real-time calculation of each shareholder’s income changes in the project due to capital increase, capital reduction and dividends, and comparing the curves with the contract, and valuing their equity; superiors monitor the project operation and various indicators of subordinates.