Self-energy-taking system

Abstract

The invention discloses a self-energy-taking system, and relates to the field of energy-taking systems, the self-energy-taking system comprises a photo-thermal fusion energy-taking module, a wind vibration fusion energy-taking module and an energy management system, the photo-thermal fusion energy-taking module comprises a photovoltaic module, a heat conduction module, a thermoelectric module and a cooling fin, the photovoltaic module is used for converting obtained light energy into first electric energy and heat energy, and the heat conduction module is used for converting the heat energy into second electric energy; the thermoelectric assembly is used for generating second electric energy based on interaction of the heat energy and cold energy provided by the cooling fins for the cold end of the thermoelectric assembly; the wind vibration fusion energy taking module comprises fan blades, a rotating shaft, an electrostatic assembly and a piezoelectric assembly, the electrostatic assembly is used for driving the electrostatic assembly to rotate based on rotation of the rotating shaft to generate third electric energy, and the piezoelectric assembly is used for generating fourth electric energy based on rotation of the electrostatic assembly. It can be seen that the light energy and the wind energy are converted into the electric energy through the photo-thermal fusion energy taking module and the wind vibration fusion energy taking module, the electric energy is processed through the energy management system to supply power to the online monitoring device, and the output efficiency and reliability of the self-energy-taking system are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of energy acquisition systems, and in particular to a self-energy acquisition system. Background Art

[0002] The self-energy system is a system that autonomously collects environmental energy to drive the equipment in the system. The power system usually uses it to achieve continuous online monitoring, including overhead transmission lines, to maintain the normal operation of the power grid. At present, most self-energy systems only collect specific energy sources such as solar energy and mechanical vibration energy. There are problems such as a single energy source, low output power and low reliability. In addition, the single energy source is limited by the abundance of environmental energy and large peak-to-valley fluctuations.

[0003] The multi-source fusion self-energy system that integrates multiple energy extraction technologies can complement the defects of each environmental energy, improve energy utilization and output power, and better improve the quality of energy supply. At present, there are few systematic designs of multi-source fusion self-energy extraction technology, mainly for the design of fusion energy extraction structure that collects multiple energies. However, most solutions simply combine different energy extraction modules during the design process, and the output efficiency and reliability of the self-energy extraction system are low. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a self-energy collection system, which can convert the acquired light energy and wind energy into electrical energy by using the photothermal fusion energy collection module and the wind vibration fusion energy collection module of the self-energy collection system, and process the electrical energy by using an energy management system to power an online monitoring device, thereby improving the output efficiency and reliability of the self-energy collection system.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a self-energy collection system, including a photothermal fusion energy collection module, a wind vibration fusion energy collection module, and an energy management system;

[0006] The photothermal fusion energy acquisition module includes a photovoltaic component, a heat-conducting component, a thermoelectric component and a heat sink, wherein the photovoltaic component is used to convert the acquired light energy into a first electrical energy and thermal energy, the heat-conducting component is attached to the back plate of the photovoltaic component and is connected to the hot end of the thermoelectric component, the heat-conducting component is used to transfer the thermal energy to the thermoelectric component, the cold end of the thermoelectric component is connected to the heat sink, and the thermoelectric component is used to generate a second electrical energy based on the interaction between the thermal energy and the cold energy provided by the heat sink to the cold end of the thermoelectric component;

[0007] The wind-vibration fusion energy acquisition module includes a fan blade, a rotating shaft, an electrostatic component and a piezoelectric component, wherein the fan blade is connected to the rotating shaft, and the fan blade is used to drive the rotating shaft to rotate based on the acquired wind energy; the electrostatic component is connected to the rotating shaft, and the electrostatic component is used to drive the electrostatic component to rotate based on the rotation of the rotating shaft to generate a third electric energy; the piezoelectric component is fixed at a first preset distance above the electrostatic component, and the piezoelectric component is used to generate a fourth electric energy based on the rotation of the electrostatic component;

[0008] The energy management system is connected to the photovoltaic component, the thermoelectric component, the electrostatic component, the piezoelectric component and the online monitoring device, and is used to process the first electric energy, the second electric energy, the third electric energy and the fourth electric energy to power the online monitoring device.

[0009] Optionally, the energy management system includes an energy management circuit, N energy storage modules and a voltage conversion circuit, wherein N is an integer not less than 2;

[0010] The energy management circuit is connected to the photovoltaic assembly, the thermoelectric assembly, the electrostatic assembly, the piezoelectric assembly, the N energy storage modules and the voltage conversion circuit, and is used to control the charging or discharging of the N energy storage modules;

[0011] The N energy storage modules are all grounded;

[0012] The voltage conversion circuit is connected to the N energy storage modules and the online monitoring device, and is used to convert the voltage of the electric energy input to the voltage conversion circuit by the energy storage module when any energy storage module is discharged, so as to power the online monitoring device.

[0013] Optionally, the energy management circuit includes a photovoltaic energy management circuit, a first energy management circuit, a second energy management circuit and a third energy management circuit, and the N energy storage modules include a first energy storage module, a second energy storage module and a third energy storage module, wherein the rated voltage of the first energy storage module is greater than the rated voltages of the second energy storage module and the third energy storage module;

[0014] The input end of the photovoltaic energy management circuit is connected to the output end of the photovoltaic component, and the output end of the photovoltaic energy management circuit is connected to the first end of the first energy storage module and the common end of the voltage conversion circuit;

[0015] The input end of the first energy management circuit is connected to the output end of the thermoelectric component, and the output end of the first energy management circuit is connected to the first end of the second energy storage module and the common end of the voltage conversion circuit;

[0016] The input end of the second energy management circuit is connected to the output end of the electrostatic component, and the output end of the second energy management circuit and the output end of the third energy management circuit are both connected to the first end of the third energy storage module and the common end of the voltage conversion circuit;

[0017] The input end of the third energy management circuit is connected to the output end of the piezoelectric component and the common end of the voltage conversion circuit;

[0018] The second ends of the first energy storage module, the second energy storage module and the third energy storage module are all grounded.

[0019] Optionally, it further includes a first diode, a second diode, a third diode, a fourth diode and a fifth diode;

[0020] The anode of the first diode is connected to the common end of the output end of the photovoltaic energy management circuit and the first end of the first energy storage module, and the cathode of the first diode, the cathode of the second diode and the cathode of the third diode are all connected to the first end of the voltage conversion circuit, so as to prevent the current from flowing back to the first energy storage module;

[0021] The anode of the second diode is connected to the common end of the output end of the first energy management circuit and the first end of the second energy storage module, so as to prevent the current from flowing back to the second energy storage module;

[0022] The anode of the third diode is connected to the common end of the output end of the second energy management circuit, the output end of the third energy management circuit and the first end of the third energy storage module, so as to prevent the current from flowing back to the third energy storage module;

[0023] The anode of the fourth diode is connected to the output end of the second energy management circuit, and the cathode of the fourth diode and the cathode of the fifth diode are connected to the common end of the first end of the third energy storage module and the anode of the third diode, so as to prevent the current from flowing back to the second energy management circuit;

[0024] An anode of the fifth diode is connected to the output end of the third energy management circuit to prevent current from flowing back into the third energy management circuit.

[0025] Optionally, the first energy storage module is a lithium battery, and the second energy storage module and the third energy storage module are both supercapacitors.

[0026] Optionally, the photothermal fusion energy extraction module further includes a heat sink and a heat insulation layer;

[0027] The heat spreader is disposed between the heat conducting component and the photovoltaic component;

[0028] The heat insulation layer is attached to the sides of the photovoltaic component and the heat conducting component.

[0029] Optionally, the thermoelectric component is a temperature difference power generation sheet.

[0030] Optionally, the electrostatic assembly includes A positive electrets, A negative electrets and 2A copper electrodes, where A is an integer not less than 2;

[0031] A positive electrets are evenly connected to the outside of the rotating shaft in a circumferential direction;

[0032] A negative polarity electrets are evenly connected to the outside of the rotating shaft in the circumferential direction;

[0033] A of the positive electrets and A of the negative electrets are alternately spaced and distributed on the same plane in the circumferential direction;

[0034] The 2A copper electrodes are fixed at a second preset distance below the A positive polarity electrets and the A negative polarity electrets, one copper electrode is arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with one positive polarity electret, and one copper electrode is arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with one negative polarity electret.

[0035] Optionally, the piezoelectric assembly includes B cantilever beams, B first magnets and B second magnets, where B is an integer not greater than A;

[0036] B of the cantilever beams are fixed at a first preset distance above the electrostatic component, and the B of the cantilever beams are used to generate the fourth electric energy through the magnetic force generated between the B of the first magnets and the B of the second magnets;

[0037] B of the first magnets are symmetrically distributed on A of the positive polarity electrets and A of the negative polarity electrets;

[0038] The B second magnets are respectively attached to the movable ends of the B cantilever beams.

[0039] Optionally, the cantilever beam includes a piezoelectric layer and a metal plate;

[0040] The piezoelectric layer is attached to the periphery of the metal electrode plate, the length of the piezoelectric layer is smaller than the length of the metal electrode plate, the exposed portion of the metal electrode plate is the active end of the cantilever beam, and the piezoelectric layer and the metal electrode plate are fixed a first preset distance above the electrostatic component.

[0041] The present application provides a self-energy collection system, which includes a photothermal fusion energy collection module, a wind-vibration fusion energy collection module, and an energy management system. The photothermal fusion energy collection module includes a photovoltaic component, a heat-conducting component, a thermoelectric component, and a heat sink. The photovoltaic component is used to convert the acquired light energy into a first electrical energy, and the thermoelectric component is used to generate a second electrical energy based on the interaction between the thermal energy and the cold energy provided by the heat sink to the cold end of the thermoelectric component; the wind-vibration fusion energy collection module includes a fan blade, a rotating shaft, an electrostatic component, and a piezoelectric component. The electrostatic component is used to drive the electrostatic component to rotate based on the rotation of the rotating shaft to generate a third electrical energy, and the piezoelectric component is used to generate a fourth electrical energy based on the rotation of the electrostatic component. It can be seen that the present application uses the photothermal fusion energy collection module and the wind-vibration fusion energy collection module to convert the acquired light energy and wind energy into electrical energy, and uses the energy management system to process the electrical energy to power the online monitoring device, thereby improving the output efficiency and reliability of the self-energy collection system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the prior art and the drawings required for use in the embodiments are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0043] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a self-energy extraction system disclosed in the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of a specific self-energy extraction system disclosed in the present invention;

[0045] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the discharge process of a lithium battery and a supercapacitor voltage disclosed in the present invention;

[0046] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a photothermal fusion energy harvesting module disclosed in the present invention;

[0047] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the comparison between temperature rise suppression and heat transfer after optimizing the coupling structure disclosed in the present invention;

[0048] Figure 6 A simulation model of an electrostatic component disclosed in the present invention;

[0049] Figure 7 The simulation results of the induced charge of a copper electrode in a single polarity electret and a positive-negative alternating polarity electret disclosed in the present invention are as follows;

[0050] Figure 8 The simulation calculation result of the inter-electrode open circuit voltage of a copper electrode disclosed in the present invention;

[0051] Fig. 9 It is a structural schematic diagram of a non-contact electrostatic component-piezoelectric component coupling structure transmission machine disclosed in the present invention;

[0052] Fig.10 It is a structural schematic diagram of a rectangular cantilever beam disclosed in the present invention;

[0053] Fig.11 It is a structural schematic diagram of a cantilever beam with non-uniform cross-section disclosed in the present invention;

[0054] Fig.12 A simulation model of a cantilever beam with non-uniform cross-section disclosed in the present invention;

[0055] Fig.13 It is a structural schematic diagram of a cantilever beam and a second magnet disclosed in the present invention;

[0056] Fig.14 The simulation result of the width parameter of a cantilever beam with non-uniform cross-section disclosed in the present invention;

[0057] The figure numbers are as follows: 1 is a photothermal fusion energy harvesting module, 2 is a wind vibration fusion energy harvesting module, 3 is an energy management system, 4 is a photovoltaic component, 5 is a thermal conductive component, 6 is a thermoelectric component, 7 is a heat sink, 8 is an online monitoring device, 9 is a photovoltaic energy management circuit, 10 is a first energy management circuit, 11 is a second energy management circuit, 12 is a third energy management circuit, and 13 is a DC-DC boost voltage stabilization circuit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] The core of the present invention is to provide a self-energy collection system, which can use the photothermal fusion energy collection module and wind vibration fusion energy collection module of the self-energy collection system to convert the acquired light energy and wind energy into electrical energy, and use the energy management system to process the electrical energy to power the online monitoring device, thereby improving the output efficiency and reliability of the self-energy collection system.

[0059] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0060] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a self-energy extraction system. For details, please refer to Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 The present invention is a schematic structural diagram of a self-energy extraction system disclosed in the present invention.

[0061] The self-energy collection system includes a light-thermal fusion energy collection module 1, a wind-vibration fusion energy collection module 2, and an energy management system 3;

[0062] The photothermal fusion energy acquisition module 1 includes a photovoltaic component 4, a heat-conducting component 5, a thermoelectric component 6 and a heat sink 7. The photovoltaic component 4 is used to convert the acquired light energy into a first electrical energy and thermal energy. The heat-conducting component 5 is attached to the back plate of the photovoltaic component 4 and is connected to the hot end of the thermoelectric component 6. The heat-conducting component 5 is used to transfer the thermal energy to the thermoelectric component 6. The cold end of the thermoelectric component 6 is connected to the heat sink 7. The thermoelectric component 6 is used to generate a second electrical energy based on the interaction between the thermal energy and the cold energy provided by the heat sink 7 to the cold end of the thermoelectric component 6.

[0063] The wind-vibration fusion energy acquisition module 2 includes a fan blade, a rotating shaft, an electrostatic component and a piezoelectric component. The fan blade is connected to the rotating shaft. The fan blade is used to drive the rotating shaft to rotate based on the acquired wind energy. The electrostatic component is connected to the rotating shaft. The electrostatic component is used to drive the electrostatic component to rotate based on the rotation of the rotating shaft to generate a third electric energy. The piezoelectric component is fixed at a first preset distance above the electrostatic component. The piezoelectric component is used to generate a fourth electric energy based on the rotation of the electrostatic component.

[0064] The energy management system 3 is connected to the photovoltaic component 4 , the thermoelectric component 6 , the electrostatic component, the piezoelectric component and the online monitoring device 8 for processing the first electric energy, the second electric energy, the third electric energy and the fourth electric energy to power the online monitoring device 8 .

[0065] The existing line-side self-energy extraction system (mainly electromagnetic energy extraction) of the overhead transmission line of the power system has problems such as difficulty in equipment loading and unloading, safety hazards, and interference with line operation. In addition, some online monitoring devices 8 need to be installed on the tower side, so there is a need for a self-energy extraction system on the tower side. This self-energy extraction system is designed for tower side applications.

[0066] Specifically, the photovoltaic module 4 mainly absorbs the visible light and infrared spectrum of sunlight, and converts this part of visible light and infrared light into first electrical energy, while the unabsorbed visible light, ultraviolet light and infrared light are converted into heat. , which can reflect the irradiation intensity of sunlight. The photovoltaic module 4 can be a photovoltaic module 4. The electrical energy and heat generated by the photovoltaic module 4 are derived from the irradiation of sunlight. The irradiation intensity and thermal power can be derived from the electrical power. The output current of the photovoltaic module 4 can be expressed as:

[0067] ; (1)

[0068] In formula (1), I is the output current of the photovoltaic module 4, V is the output voltage of the photovoltaic module 4, and They represent the series internal resistance of the photovoltaic module 4 and the equivalent shunt internal resistance of the photocurrent leakage, is the absolute saturation current of the diode, q is the electron charge , A is the diode factor (1~2 constant), K is the Boltzmann constant , T is the absolute temperature of the photovoltaic module 4;

[0069] During the production of photovoltaic modules 4, it is often considered to increase and reduce To improve the output power P of the photovoltaic module 4, the influence of the internal resistance is ignored to simplify the theoretical analysis, and the output power P expression of the photovoltaic module 4 is obtained:

[0070] ; (2)

[0071] Photovoltaic module 4 has a maximum power point, and the voltage is approximately , when the temperature and light intensity are fixed, it is considered as a set of fixed value analysis. The photovoltaic module 4 is generally a multi-layer structure, and the multi-layer structure of the photovoltaic module 4 is n layers. The total radiation power W absorbed by the n layers can be obtained by reverse calculation by combining the photocurrent with the absorption rate and transmittance of each layer:

[0072] ; (3)

[0073] In formula (3), is the absorption rate, is the layer transmittance, i is the number of layers, It represents the accumulation of absorption rate from the first layer to the nth layer. It represents the cumulative transmittance of the layers from the first layer to the nth layer.

[0074] Correspondingly, by subtracting the output power P, we can get the thermal power Q absorbed by the photovoltaic module 4:

[0075] ; (4)

[0076] The heat transfer and temperature rise of the photovoltaic module 4 satisfy the energy equation:

[0077] ; (5)

[0078] In formula (5), is the density, is the specific heat capacity of the material, T is the temperature rise, K is the thermal conductivity of the material, is the gradient operator, is the temperature gradient, represents the partial derivative of temperature rise with respect to time.

[0079] When the temperature of the photovoltaic module 4 rises and the heat dissipation power is balanced with the heat absorption power, the temperature rise of the photovoltaic module 4 stops. According to different preparation processes of the photovoltaic module 4, the amount of radiation absorbed and converted into electrical energy accounts for about % of the total radiation under standard conditions. , and considering the reflection loss, there is nearly Theoretically, under standard conditions, the radiation intensity is Under this condition, if the photovoltaic module 4 only considers the direct contact heat dissipation with air, it is enough to cause more than The actual operating temperature may reach Although it does not exceed the operating temperature range of the photovoltaic module 4, it will lead to a decrease in its efficiency and affect its service life. The relationship between temperature and the efficiency of the photovoltaic module 4 conforms to the formula:

[0080] ; (6)

[0081] In formula (6), is the actual temperature of the photovoltaic module 4, is the temperature coefficient of the photovoltaic module 4, and They represent the actual efficiency of the photovoltaic module 4 and the efficiency under standard conditions respectively.

[0082] The photovoltaic module 4 converts the lost light energy into heat energy and conducts it to the thermoelectric module 6, so that the thermoelectric module 6 generates a second electric energy based on the interaction between the heat energy and the cold energy provided by the heat sink 7 to the cold end of the thermoelectric module 6, which can realize full spectrum application and further improve the utilization rate of energy. Seebeck potential difference of the thermoelectric module 6 , open circuit voltage and output power Calculated by the following formula:

[0083] ; (7)

[0084] In formula (7), , are the cold end temperature and the hot end temperature, is the Seebeck coefficient, is the internal resistance.

[0085] In addition, the Seebeck coefficient is not a constant and will show saturation characteristics when the temperature difference is large. The heat energy is transferred from the photovoltaic component 4 to the hot end of the thermoelectric component 6 through the heat conduction component 5, and the thermoelectric component 6 is cooled by air through the heat sink 7 as the cold end, so that the heat energy can be converted into electrical energy. When the heat energy is transferred from the photovoltaic component 4 to the hot end of the thermoelectric component 6, if the cold end of the thermoelectric component 6 can dissipate the heat reliably so that the temperature difference is uniform and reaches Ideally, the thermoelectric component 6 can achieve The maximum output power density can meet the requirements of the fusion design. Among them, the photovoltaic component 4 can be a crystalline silicon photovoltaic cell, the thermoelectric component 6 can be a bismuth telluride material, and the thermal conductive component 5 is a microchannel heat pipe. Since the microchannel heat pipe needs to meet the conditions for condensate reflux, the relative position of the thermoelectric component 6 must be ensured to be above the photovoltaic component 4 when placed vertically.

[0086] Considering the limited installation space and heat dissipation conditions on the tower side, the coupled structure heat sink 7 adopts passive fin heat dissipation. Without considering active forced convection conditions such as water cooling, the heat dissipation from the passive fin to the air medium complies with the following formula:

[0087] ; (8)

[0088] In formula (8), is the heat dissipation power, is the convective heat transfer coefficient, and are the surface emissivity and Stefan-Boltzmann constant respectively, S is the air contact area, and are the component temperature and the air temperature, respectively.

[0089] The passive fin heat sink increases the air contact area S exponentially through the fine columnar fin structure, accelerates the cooling of the cold end of the hot spot component, and thus improves the output power of the thermoelectric component 6. Properly increasing the number and length of passive fins to increase the air contact area can optimize the heat dissipation performance of the cold end of the thermoelectric component 6.

[0090] The fine inorganic heat-conducting fluid inside the microchannel heat pipe evaporates and condenses based on the phase change medium, quickly and evenly transferring the heat energy of the photovoltaic module 4 from the back plate of the photovoltaic module 4 to the hot end of the thermoelectric module 6. The heat power conducted by the microchannel heat pipe has an upper limit:

[0091] ; (9)

[0092] In formula (9), is the surface tension, k is the channel permeability, is the channel surface area, is the heat pipe length, is the internal pressure difference, is the channel length, is the dynamic viscosity of the working fluid, is the channel radius, It is the upper limit of the thermal power of the microchannel heat pipe.

[0093] Should It mainly depends on the limit of the capillary channel. When selecting the model, the total thermal power Q should be considered in combination with the thermal balance equation of the coupling structure of the photothermal energy harvesting module:

[0094] ; (10)

[0095] In formula (10), is the thermal power absorbed when the temperature of the hot end of the thermoelectric component 6 rises, For heat dissipation power, the total heat power Q should not exceed the operating limit of the microchannel heat pipe.

[0096] Right now ; (11)

[0097] In formula (11), is the temperature gradient of the thermoelectric component, is the density of the thermoelectric module, is the specific heat capacity of the thermoelectric component.

[0098] The wind-vibration fusion energy harvesting module 2 drives the fan blades through wind power to drive the shaft to rotate. When the shaft rotates, it drives the electrostatic component to rotate to generate the third electrical energy. The piezoelectric component generates the fourth electrical energy based on the rotation of the electrostatic component.

[0099] The energy management system 3 is connected with the photovoltaic assembly 4, the thermoelectric assembly 6, the electrostatic assembly, the piezoelectric assembly and the online monitoring device 8, and can store the first electric energy, the second electric energy, the third electric energy and the fourth electric energy in the energy storage module corresponding to the energy management system 3. When any energy storage module is discharged, the voltage of any energy storage module is converted to power the online monitoring device 8. The internal circuits of the photothermal fusion energy acquisition module 1 and the wind vibration fusion energy acquisition module 2 contain capacitors, and no additional power supply is required. They are directly supplied by cold start of environmental energy. Among them, the piezoelectric assembly and the electrostatic assembly are designed as non-contact structures, which can reduce the damage of the piezoelectric assembly and the electrostatic assembly and extend the service life of the piezoelectric assembly and the electrostatic assembly.

[0100] It can be seen that this embodiment utilizes the photothermal fusion energy acquisition module 1 and the wind vibration fusion energy acquisition module 2 to convert the acquired light energy and wind energy into electrical energy, and utilizes the energy management system 3 to process the electrical energy to power the online monitoring device 8, thereby improving the output efficiency and reliability of the self-energy acquisition system.

[0101] Based on the above embodiments:

[0102] For details, see Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of a specific self-energy extraction system disclosed in the present invention.

[0103] As an optional embodiment, the energy management system 3 includes an energy management circuit, N energy storage modules and a voltage conversion circuit, wherein N is an integer not less than 2;

[0104] The energy management circuit is connected with the photovoltaic assembly 4, the thermoelectric assembly 6, the electrostatic assembly, the piezoelectric assembly, the N energy storage modules and the voltage conversion circuit, and is used to control the charging or discharging of the N energy storage modules;

[0105] N energy storage modules are all grounded;

[0106] The voltage conversion circuit is connected to N energy storage modules and the online monitoring device 8, and is used to convert the voltage of the electric energy input to the voltage conversion circuit by the energy storage module when any energy storage module is discharged, so as to supply power to the online monitoring device 8.

[0107] Considering that the power demand of the online monitoring device 8 varies due to different application scenarios, equipment types and operating conditions, the energy management system 3 is required to first process the first power, the second power, the third power and the fourth power through the energy management circuit, and charge the corresponding energy storage module with a stable voltage. At the same time, the energy management circuit can control the charge and discharge cut-off voltage, and can also fuse the energy release. When it is necessary to power the online monitoring device 8, the corresponding energy storage module discharges, but the voltage value of the energy storage module discharges and the voltage value required by the online monitoring device 8 are inconsistent. It is necessary to use a voltage conversion circuit to convert the voltage value of the energy storage module discharge into the voltage value required by the online monitoring device 8 to power the online monitoring device 8. Among them, if the charging is not stable, it may cause damage to the device, and large voltage fluctuations may cause additional energy loss. When the energy supply of the energy taking end is greater than the power demand of the load (such as the online monitoring device 8 is shut down or in low power consumption mode, etc.), the energy taking end charges the energy storage module; when the energy supply of the energy taking end is less than the power demand of the load, the energy storage module discharges to the online monitoring device 8, but the discharge sequence and output size are related to the circuit fusion release method.

[0108] In addition, as power sources with complex internal resistance, the photothermal fusion energy acquisition module 1 and the wind vibration fusion energy acquisition module 2 may have a small output voltage, output power, or even a small voltage across the energy storage module when outputting to the load due to the mismatch of the load size, which greatly reduces the energy efficiency and charging power. After adopting the energy management circuit, the buffer storage elements such as capacitors or charge pumps inside the energy management circuit have the function of stabilizing the output voltage, so that the photothermal fusion energy acquisition module 1 and the wind vibration fusion energy acquisition module 2 present the characteristics of a regulated power supply, ensuring that the output voltage is stable and can provide charging power, wherein the voltage conversion circuit can be a DC-DC boost stabilizing circuit 13.

[0109] It can be seen that in this embodiment, the first electric energy, the second electric energy, the third electric energy and the fourth electric energy are first stored in the energy storage module corresponding to the energy management system 3 through the energy management circuit. When it is necessary to power the online monitoring device 8, the energy management circuit controls the corresponding energy storage module to discharge, and converts the discharged voltage value of the energy storage module into the voltage value required by the online monitoring device 8 through the voltage conversion circuit, so as to power the online monitoring device 8.

[0110] As an optional embodiment, the energy management circuit includes a photovoltaic energy management circuit 9, a first energy management circuit 10, a second energy management circuit 11 and a third energy management circuit 12, and the N energy storage modules include a first energy storage module, a second energy storage module and a third energy storage module, wherein the rated voltage of the first energy storage module is greater than the rated voltages of the second energy storage module and the third energy storage module;

[0111] The input end of the photovoltaic energy management circuit 9 is connected to the output end of the photovoltaic assembly 4, and the output end of the photovoltaic energy management circuit 9 is connected to the first end of the first energy storage module and the common end of the voltage conversion circuit;

[0112] The input end of the first energy management circuit 10 is connected to the output end of the thermoelectric component 6, and the output end of the first energy management circuit 10 is connected to the first end of the second energy storage module and the common end of the voltage conversion circuit;

[0113] The input end of the second energy management circuit 11 is connected to the output end of the electrostatic component, and the output end of the second energy management circuit 11 and the output end of the third energy management circuit 12 are both connected to the first end of the third energy storage module and the common end of the voltage conversion circuit;

[0114] The input end of the third energy management circuit 12 is connected to the output end of the piezoelectric component and the common end of the voltage conversion circuit;

[0115] Second ends of the first energy storage module, the second energy storage module and the third energy storage module are all grounded GND.

[0116] Specifically, the photovoltaic component 4 charges the first energy storage module with a maximum power point tracking dedicated circuit based on LT3652; other components charge the second energy storage module or the third energy storage module, wherein the rated voltage of the first energy storage module is greater than the rated voltage of the second energy storage module and the third energy storage module, so the first energy storage module is discharged first during discharge. The above-mentioned maximum power point tracking dedicated circuit is implemented by the voltage division method, and the photoelectric voltage division ratio is 0.7. The thermoelectric component 6 can also increase the maximum power point tracking with a voltage division ratio of 0.5, and the electrostatic component and the piezoelectric component need to be rectified. Considering the characteristics of high open circuit voltage and large internal resistance of the electrostatic component and the piezoelectric component, the micro-power rectifier element needs to be replaced with a rectifier element with a certain voltage resistance performance. In addition, since the equivalent internal resistance of the electrostatic component and the piezoelectric component changes frequently and the absolute magnitude is large, there is no obvious rule for the maximum power point (unless it only works at the resonance point), and the maximum power point tracking is not considered for the time being, and the first energy management circuit 10, the second energy management circuit 11 and the third energy management circuit 12 can be energy management circuits with low power consumption.

[0117] It can be seen that in this embodiment, the photovoltaic energy management circuit 9 is connected to the first energy storage module, and other energy management circuits are connected to other energy storage modules, wherein the rated voltage of the first energy storage module is greater than the rated voltages of other energy storage modules, so that the photovoltaic component 4 can be used as the main energy supply to charge and store energy in the first energy storage module, and wind, heat, and vibration energy can be used as auxiliary to reliably supply energy to the online monitoring device 8.

[0118] As an optional embodiment, it further includes a first diode D1, a second diode D2, a third diode D3, a fourth diode D4 and a fifth diode D5;

[0119] The anode of the first diode D1 is connected to the common end of the output end of the photovoltaic energy management circuit 9 and the first end of the first energy storage module, and the cathode of the first diode D1, the cathode of the second diode D2 and the cathode of the third diode D3 are all connected to the first end of the voltage conversion circuit to prevent current from flowing back to the first energy storage module;

[0120] The anode of the second diode D2 is connected to the output end of the first energy management circuit 10 and the common end of the first end of the second energy storage module, so as to prevent the current from flowing back to the second energy storage module;

[0121] The anode of the third diode D3 is connected to the common end of the output end of the second energy management circuit 11, the output end of the third energy management circuit 12 and the first end of the third energy storage module, so as to prevent the current from flowing back to the third energy storage module;

[0122] The anode of the fourth diode D4 is connected to the output end of the second energy management circuit 11, and the cathode of the fourth diode D4 and the cathode of the fifth diode D5 are connected to the common end of the first end of the third energy storage module and the anode of the third diode D3, so as to prevent the current from flowing back to the second energy management circuit 11;

[0123] An anode of the fifth diode D5 is connected to the output end of the third energy management circuit 12 to prevent current from flowing back into the third energy management circuit 12 .

[0124] Considering that the voltages of the first energy storage module, the second energy storage module and the third energy storage module are not completely the same, if the first ends of the first energy storage module, the second energy storage module and the third energy storage module connected to the voltage conversion circuit are the same point, if current backflow occurs or current loop loss is formed between the first energy storage module, the second energy storage module and the third energy storage module, in order to avoid rapid charging and discharging between the first energy storage module, the second energy storage module and the third energy storage module, resulting in damage to the first energy storage module, the second energy storage module and the third energy storage module. To this end, the present embodiment respectively sets a first diode D1, a second diode D2 and a third diode D3 between the first energy storage module, the second energy storage module and the third energy storage module and the voltage conversion device. In addition, since the second energy management circuit 11 and the third energy management circuit 12 are both connected to the third energy storage module, in order to avoid current backflow between the second energy management circuit 11 and the third energy management circuit 12, a fourth diode D4 and a fifth diode D5 are also set between the second energy management circuit 11 and the third energy management circuit 12 and the third energy storage module.

[0125] It can be seen that in this embodiment, the first diode D1, the second diode D2 and the third diode D3 are respectively arranged between the first energy storage module, the second energy storage module and the third energy storage module and the voltage conversion device, and the fourth diode D4 and the fifth diode D5 are respectively arranged between the second energy management circuit 11 and the third energy management circuit 12 and the third energy storage module, so as to prevent current backflow between the energy storage modules and between the second energy management circuit 11 and the third energy management circuit 12, thereby improving the operating efficiency and safety of the self-energy system.

[0126] As an optional embodiment, the first energy storage module is a lithium battery Li, and the second energy storage module and the third energy storage module are both supercapacitors.

[0127] In this embodiment, photovoltaic energy has a large output power density and a large magnitude, and is used as the main energy supply to charge and store large-capacity lithium batteries Li; other energy sources are used as auxiliary. Since the capacity of supercapacitors C1 and C2 is small and the charging and discharging is fast, other environmental energy is generally collected and stored first. When the light energy fluctuates or the load demand increases in the short term (such as standby startup, communication activities, high-density computing and other modes), the output is supplemented to play the role of instantaneous power compensation to maintain the stability of the power supply of the online monitoring device 8. Among them, the rated voltages of the lithium battery Li and the supercapacitor need to match.

[0128] For example, the rated voltages of the lithium battery Li and the supercapacitor are both 3.7V, the lithium battery Li and the supercapacitor are connected in parallel, the charging voltage of the lithium battery Li is 4.0V (maximum 4.2V), and the charging voltage of the supercapacitor is 3.7V (maximum 4.0V). After passing through the DC-DC boost voltage stabilizing circuit 13, the output voltage of the DC-DC boost voltage stabilizing circuit 13 is adjustable to 5-28V, generally 12V; the input voltage of the DC-DC boost voltage stabilizing circuit 13 is 2-15V, and the 2-15V range includes the cut-off voltage (3V) of the lithium battery Li and the cut-off voltage (2.5V) of the supercapacitor.

[0129] The self-powered energy system uses a parallel lithium battery Li and supercapacitor hybrid energy storage and discharge method to improve the dynamic response capability of the solar thermal fusion energy module 1 and the wind vibration fusion energy module 2 when used as power sources. For the discharge process, please refer to Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the discharge process of a lithium battery and supercapacitor voltage disclosed in the present invention. Among them, it is assumed that a single energy storage module can meet the current demand of the load. When the energy storage module is in the discharge state, the rated voltage of the lithium battery Li is greater than the rated voltage of the supercapacitor. Due to the voltage priority mechanism, the lithium battery Li discharge output current is the main one at this time, and the supercapacitor has almost no output; when the lithium battery Li is slowly discharged until the voltage of the lithium battery Li gradually approaches the voltage of the supercapacitor, the supercapacitor begins to discharge, during which the sum of the currents of the supercapacitor and the lithium battery Li meets the load current demand to reduce the energy storage consumption of the lithium battery Li; but due to the fast discharge of the supercapacitor, it will soon return to the state of lithium battery Li discharging alone, and then repeat the above process. Thereafter, the lithium battery Li and the supercapacitor will always maintain a relatively close voltage in the discharge mode, and the gray area is the voltage matching discharge area of ​​the lithium battery Li and the supercapacitor. If the supercapacitor has a higher voltage than the lithium battery Li due to the fast charging speed, the supercapacitor will be discharged first, and a similar process will occur. Similarly, the specifications of the parallel supercapacitors are consistent, the higher voltage will be discharged first, and the lower voltage will continue to charge. Among them, the rated voltages of the energy storage modules must match so that the supercapacitor can immediately supplement the output when the lithium battery Li is under-supplied by the load in a short period of time. Otherwise, the discharge of the side with lower voltage will be greatly hindered.

[0130] It can be seen that the first energy storage module of this embodiment is a lithium battery Li, the second energy storage module and the third energy storage module are both supercapacitors, and the rated voltage of the lithium battery Li is greater than the rated voltage of the supercapacitor, so that the photovoltaic component 4 with a large output power density and a large magnitude is used as the main energy supply, and other energy sources serve as auxiliary to play the role of instantaneous power compensation to ensure the stability of the power supply of the online monitoring device 8, and at the same time improve the rapid dynamic response capability of the self-energy system, so as to reliably supply energy to the online monitoring device 8 on the tower side.

[0131] As an optional embodiment, the photothermal fusion energy harvesting module 1 further includes a heat sink and a heat insulation layer 14;

[0132] The heat spreader is arranged between the heat conducting component 5 and the photovoltaic component;

[0133] The heat insulation layer 14 is attached to the sides of the photovoltaic component 4 and the heat conducting component 5 .

[0134] Considering that the temperature increase will cause the voltage corresponding to the maximum power point of the photovoltaic component 4 to decrease, the maximum output power will also decrease, which will lead to a decrease in the efficiency of the photovoltaic component 4. To this end, the present embodiment sets a heat spreader between the thermal conductive component 5 and the photovoltaic component 4 to further even out the temperature of the photovoltaic component 4. In addition, in order to further improve the utilization rate of light energy, the present embodiment also sets a heat insulating layer 14 on the sides of the photovoltaic component 4 and the thermal conductive component 5, so that more heat energy on the sides of the photovoltaic panel and the thermal conductive component 5 can be transferred to the vicinity of the thermoelectric component 6. This small heat-spreading and heat-conducting structure enhances the output of the photovoltaic component 4, and the photovoltaic component 4 transfers the heat energy generated by the unused light energy to the thermoelectric component 6 for heat dissipation and conversion into electrical energy, thereby realizing the complementary utilization of light and heat and increasing the utilization rate of radiation. For details, please refer to Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4 This is a schematic structural diagram of a photothermal fusion energy harvesting module disclosed in the present invention.

[0135] Combined with the principle of thermal balance, when the irradiation intensity increases and the heat energy conducted by the heat-conducting component 5 increases, the temperature of the hot end of the thermoelectric component 6 also increases significantly. The cold end of the thermoelectric component 6 is in full contact with the air, the heat dissipation rate is fast and the temperature change is relatively small. The reliable heat dissipation and heat conduction structure suppresses the temperature rise of the photovoltaic component 4. Please refer to Figure 5 As shown, Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the comparison between temperature rise suppression and heat transfer after optimizing the coupling structure disclosed in the present invention, wherein: Figure 5 The coordinate axis represents temperature. Under the irradiation intensity of , heat energy is reliably transferred to the thermoelectric component 6 and converted into electrical energy based on the temperature difference between the hot and cold ends, thereby improving the overall energy conversion rate and reducing thermal damage to the device.

[0136] It can be seen that the reliable heat dissipation and heat conduction structure improves the efficiency of the photovoltaic component 4, conducts more heat energy to the thermoelectric component 6 and utilizes it, realizes full-spectrum application to a greater extent, and further improves energy utilization.

[0137] As an optional embodiment, the thermoelectric component 6 is a temperature difference power generation sheet.

[0138] Specifically, the thermoelectric power generation sheet also has a maximum power point similar to that of the photovoltaic module 4, and the MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) coefficient of the thermoelectric power generation sheet can be 0.5. The heat is transferred from the back panel of the photovoltaic module 4 to the hot end of the thermoelectric power generation sheet through the heat conducting component 5. The thermoelectric power generation sheet uses the heat sink 7 to dissipate air as the cold end, thereby realizing the conversion of thermal energy into electrical energy. The temperature of the cold end of the thermoelectric power generation sheet is related to the heat dissipation structure and the thermal resistance of the device. The thermoelectric power generation sheet utilizes the Seebeck effect. When the heat energy is transferred to the hot end of the thermoelectric power generation sheet, the cold end of the thermoelectric power generation sheet can reliably dissipate the heat so that the temperature difference between the hot end and the cold end of the thermoelectric power generation sheet is uniform and reaches Ideally, the thermoelectric component 6 can achieve The maximum output power density can meet the requirements of the fusion design, but the actual output will be lower due to reasons such as temperature distribution and material property degradation.

[0139] It can be seen that this embodiment uses a thermoelectric power generation sheet as the thermoelectric component 6, and can convert thermal energy into second electrical energy through the temperature difference between the hot end and the cold end of the thermoelectric power generation sheet, and directly converts thermal energy into second electrical energy with high efficiency.

[0140] As an optional embodiment, the electrostatic assembly includes A positive electrets 15, A negative electrets 16 and 2A copper electrodes 17, where A is an integer not less than 2;

[0141] A positive electret bodies 15 are evenly connected to the outside of the rotating shaft in the circumferential direction;

[0142] A negative electret bodies 16 are evenly connected to the outside of the rotating shaft in the circumferential direction;

[0143] A positive electrets 15 and A negative electrets 16 are alternately spaced and distributed in the same plane in a circumferential direction;

[0144] The 2A copper electrodes 17 are fixed at a second preset distance below the A positive electrets 15 and the A negative electrets 16 .

[0145] Specifically, A positive electrets 15 are evenly connected to the outside of the rotating shaft in the circumferential direction; A negative electrets 16 are evenly connected to the outside of the rotating shaft in the circumferential direction; A positive electrets 15 and A negative electrets 16 are alternately spaced in the circumferential direction and distributed in the same plane. When the rotating shaft rotates, the positive electrets 15 and the negative electrets 16 also rotate accordingly. The copper electrode 17 is fixed, and the induced charge of a single copper electrode 17 changes with the movement of the relative positions of the positive electret 15 and the negative electret 16, thereby outputting the third electrical energy to the outside.

[0146] If A can be 8, then the number of the positive electrets 15 and the negative electrets 16 is 8, the number of the copper electrodes 17 is 16, and the shapes of all the positive electrets 15, the negative electrets 16 and the copper electrodes 17 are fan-shaped, and the fan-shaped angle is ; The copper electrodes are paired in pairs, which is equivalent to eight pairs of copper electrodes in parallel, which increases the absolute output level of the electrostatic component. The induced charge of the copper electrode 17 is also affected by the surface charge density of the positive electret 15. and the surface charge density of the negative electret 16 For details, see Figure 6 As shown, Figure 6 A simulation model of an electrostatic component disclosed in the present invention, wherein: Figure 6 The coordinate axis represents the charge density of the electrostatic component.

[0147] If the facing area of ​​a single copper electrode 17 and the positive electret 15 and the facing area of ​​the negative electret 16 are respectively The induced charges generated by the single copper electrode 17 and the positive electret 15 and the induced charges generated by the negative electret 16 are respectively , then the total induced charge of a single copper electrode 17 satisfy:

[0148] ; (12)

[0149] In formula (12), d is the distance between the electret and the copper electrode 17, h is the thickness of the electret, and are the dielectric constants of the electret and air respectively, r is the sector radius, is the induced charge of the copper electrode 17 in the first half cycle, is the induced charge of the copper electrode 17 in the second half of the cycle, is the angle of electret rotation, and t is the time of electret rotation. When the induced charge rotates at a speed of t for time t, the amount of induced charge first increases and then decreases with the facing area, and repeats the cycle after the next electret arrives.

[0150] The structure in which A positive electrets 15 and A negative electrets 16 are alternately distributed in the same plane in the circumferential direction expands the variation range of the induced charge of a single copper electrode 17 and increases the charge difference between the paired copper electrodes. For example, when the positive electret 15 and the negative electret 16 rotate to change the relative position of the single copper electrode 17 and the positive electret 15 and the negative electret 16, the induced charge between each pair of copper electrodes is as follows: Figure 7 As shown, Figure 7The simulation results of the induced charge of a copper electrode in a single polarity electret and a positive-negative polarity electret disclosed in the present invention are as follows: Figure 7 The horizontal axis represents the rotation angle of the electret. Figure 7 The ordinate axis represents the induced charge of the copper electrode 17; the change results of the inter-electrode open circuit voltage between each pair of copper electrodes are as follows Figure 8 As shown, Figure 8 It is a simulation calculation result of the inter-electrode open circuit voltage of a copper electrode disclosed in the present invention, wherein: Figure 8 The horizontal axis represents the rotation angle of the electret. Figure 8 The vertical axis represents the open circuit voltage between the copper electrodes 17. The charge change between the paired copper electrodes enables the paired copper electrodes to output current externally, and the short circuit current and open circuit voltage Conforms to the formula:

[0151] ; (13)

[0152] ; (14)

[0153] In formula (14), D is the thickness of the copper electrode 17; is the capacitance between the copper electrodes 17, ln is the natural logarithm, cos is the cosine function, and the size and arrangement of the copper electrodes 17 are determined to be constants.

[0154] It can be seen that the structure in which A positive electrets 15 and A negative electrets 16 are alternately distributed in the same plane in the circumferential direction increases the charge change range and charge difference of the paired copper electrodes, and improves the output performance of the electrostatic component. As the rotation speed of the electret increases, the amplitude of the short-circuit current of the copper electrode 17 increases linearly, and the amplitude of the open-circuit voltage remains unchanged, further improving the output performance of the electrostatic component.

[0155] As an optional embodiment, the piezoelectric assembly includes B cantilever beams 18, B first magnets 19 and B second magnets 20, where B is an integer not greater than A;

[0156] B cantilever beams 18 are fixed at a first preset distance above the electrostatic assembly, and the B cantilever beams are used to generate fourth electric energy through magnetic forces generated between the B first magnets and the B second magnets;

[0157] B first magnets 19 are symmetrically distributed on A positive-polarity electrets 15 and A negative-polarity electrets 16;

[0158] The B second magnets 20 are attached to the movable ends of the B cantilever beams 18 respectively.

[0159] Specifically, the piezoelectric component is a lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric component, which is a magnetic pull type and is subjected to intermittent magnetic excitation. When the fan blade drives the shaft to rotate, the electret of the electrostatic component rotates accordingly. When the first magnet on the electret of the electrostatic component rotates close to the active end of the cantilever beam 18, the second magnet 20 at the active end of the cantilever beam 18 and the first magnet 19 generate a magnetic force F. The magnetic force F attracts the cantilever beam 18 to bend and deform and generate vibration energy. The natural vibration of the piezoelectric component gradually decays before the arrival of the next first magnet 19, and the fourth electric energy is generated in the process. If B is 4, the piezoelectric component includes 4 cantilever beams 18, 4 first magnets 19 and 4 second magnets 20. The cantilever beam 18 is a double-layer structure, and a non-uniform cross-section cantilever beam is used to optimize the output performance. For details, please refer to Fig. 9 As shown, Fig. 9 The present invention discloses a non-contact electrostatic component-piezoelectric component coupling structure transmission machine, wherein the loads connected to the electrostatic component and the piezoelectric component are represented by R1 and R2 respectively. Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a rectangular cantilever beam disclosed in the present invention. Fig.11 The present invention is a schematic structural diagram of a cantilever beam with non-uniform cross-section disclosed in the present invention.

[0160] When the movable end of the cantilever beam 18 is subjected to a magnetic force F, the strain along the length x and thickness z of the cantilever beam 18 is The distribution conforms to the following formula:

[0161] ; (15)

[0162] In formula (15), M(x) is the bending moment, I(x) is the section inertia moment, Y is the elastic modulus, , are the lengths of the piezoelectric segment and the excitation segment, respectively. is the system modulus obtained after merging the thickness parameters. is a constant, and b(x) is the beam width corresponding to position x.

[0163] The width of the fixed bottom of the non-uniform cross-section cantilever beam is greater than the width of the movable bottom of the non-uniform cross-section cantilever beam. If the width of the fixed bottom of the non-uniform cross-section cantilever beam is fixed and the width of the movable bottom of the non-uniform cross-section cantilever beam is reduced, the strain at x increases; if the width of the fixed bottom of the non-uniform cross-section cantilever beam is increased and the width of the movable bottom of the non-uniform cross-section cantilever beam remains unchanged, the strain at x decreases. The size design can be completed based on the open circuit voltage and characteristic frequency of the non-uniform cross-section model obtained by changing the width of the two ends of the cantilever beam 18. For the piezoelectric component model, please refer to Fig.12 As shown, Fig.12This is a non-uniform cross-section cantilever beam simulation model disclosed in the present invention. The variable cross-section cantilever beam 18 is a non-uniform cross-section cantilever beam model with an auxiliary base added. From the stress distribution cloud diagram, it can be seen that the extension of the fixed bottom reduces the strain degree under the same excitation, and the upper and lower bottom widths are limited to within 20mm. Please refer to Fig.13 As shown, Fig.13 It is a schematic structural diagram of a cantilever beam and a second magnet disclosed in the present invention.

[0164] For example, the width of the rectangular cantilever beam is 10 mm under the initial condition, and the widths of the fixed bottom and the movable bottom of the cantilever beam 18 are b1 and b2 respectively. The simulation results of the characteristic frequency and open circuit voltage amplitude under the same excitation are as follows: Fig.14 As shown, Fig.14 It is the simulation result of the width parameter of a cantilever beam with non-uniform cross-section disclosed in the present invention, wherein: Fig.14 The horizontal axis represents the change in width b of the cantilever beam with non-uniform cross-section. Fig.14 The vertical axis represents the open circuit voltage amplitude of the cantilever beam with non-uniform cross-section. For the cantilever beam with non-uniform cross-section, increasing the fixed bottom end b1 of the cantilever beam with non-uniform cross-section has a greater impact on the open circuit voltage between the electrodes, and the peak value is higher than reducing the active bottom end b2 of the cantilever beam with non-uniform cross-section; at the same time, the characteristic frequency of the cantilever beam with non-uniform cross-section continues to increase in the process of increasing b1, while reducing b2 causes the characteristic frequency of the cantilever beam with non-uniform cross-section to continue to decrease. When the output voltage amplitude is close, the higher the characteristic frequency, the greater the output current and power. In summary, the method of increasing b1 is better, and the b1 of the cantilever beam with non-uniform cross-section can be 14mm, while b2 is relatively 10mm.

[0165] It can be seen that when the fan blade drives the shaft to rotate, the electret of the electrostatic component rotates accordingly. When the first magnet on the electret of the electrostatic component rotates to a position close to the active end of the cantilever beam 18, the second magnet 20 at the active end of the cantilever beam 18 and the first magnet 19 generate a magnetic force F. The magnetic force F attracts the cantilever beam 18 to bend and deform and generate vibration energy. The natural vibration of the piezoelectric component gradually decays before the arrival of the next first magnet 19. In this process, the fourth electrical energy is generated.

[0166] As an optional embodiment, the cantilever beam 18 includes a piezoelectric layer 21 and a metal electrode plate 22;

[0167] The piezoelectric layer 21 is attached to the periphery of the metal electrode 22. The length of the piezoelectric layer 21 is smaller than the length of the metal electrode 22. The exposed portion of the metal electrode 22 is the active end of the cantilever beam 18. The piezoelectric layer 21 and the metal electrode 22 are fixed at a first preset distance above the electrostatic component.

[0168] Specifically, the change of b(x) not only affects the strain at x, but also changes the area and structural stiffness of the piezoelectric layer 21. When the active end of the cantilever beam 18 is subjected to force, the first-order modal response based on the natural frequency satisfies the formula:

[0169] ; (16)

[0170] In formula (16), z(x) is the deformation of the cantilever beam 18 at position x in the z direction, that is, the first-order modal response, is the damping ratio. The greater the structural stiffness, the smaller the damping ratio. L is the total length of the cantilever beam. W is is the system weighting coefficient, is the first-order characteristic frequency, is the first-order mode eigenvalue, is the mass ratio of the mass block to the cantilever beam 18, a is the excitation acceleration, is the excitation frequency, cosh is the hyperbolic cosine function, and sinh is the hyperbolic sine function.

[0171] If the width of the fixed bottom end of the non-uniform cross-section cantilever beam is increased, the strain of the non-uniform cross-section cantilever beam will be reduced, the structural stiffness of the piezoelectric layer 21 will be increased, and the characteristic frequency of the non-uniform cross-section cantilever beam will be increased; conversely, if the width of the active end of the non-uniform cross-section cantilever beam is reduced, the structural stiffness of the piezoelectric layer 21 and the characteristic frequency of the non-uniform cross-section cantilever beam will be reduced. The natural vibration of the non-uniform cross-section cantilever beam after the magnetic force F disappears is related to its characteristic frequency and the structural stiffness of the piezoelectric layer 21. The output of the fourth electric energy is related to the vibration frequency and amplitude of the non-uniform cross-section cantilever beam. The optimization effect of the non-uniform cross-section cantilever beam is nonlinear.

[0172] It can be seen that the width of the fixed bottom end and the active ground end of the non-uniform cross-section cantilever beam is related to the structural stiffness of the piezoelectric layer 21 and the characteristic frequency of the non-uniform cross-section cantilever beam. The performance of the non-uniform cross-section cantilever beam can be optimized by changing the width of the fixed bottom end and the active ground end of the non-uniform cross-section cantilever beam.

[0173] In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other. For the device disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the method part.

[0174] It should also be noted that, in this specification, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprise", "include" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, an element defined by the statement "comprises a ..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the element.

[0175] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A self-energy system, characterized in that: Including photothermal fusion energy acquisition module, wind vibration fusion energy acquisition module, and energy management system; The photothermal fusion energy acquisition module includes a photovoltaic component, a heat-conducting component, a thermoelectric component and a heat sink, wherein the photovoltaic component is used to convert the acquired light energy into a first electrical energy and thermal energy, the heat-conducting component is attached to the back plate of the photovoltaic component and is connected to the hot end of the thermoelectric component, the heat-conducting component is used to transfer the thermal energy to the thermoelectric component, the cold end of the thermoelectric component is connected to the heat sink, and the thermoelectric component is used to generate a second electrical energy based on the interaction between the thermal energy and the cold energy provided by the heat sink to the cold end of the thermoelectric component; The wind-vibration fusion energy acquisition module includes a fan blade, a rotating shaft, an electrostatic component and a piezoelectric component, wherein the fan blade is connected to the rotating shaft, and the fan blade is used to drive the rotating shaft to rotate based on the acquired wind energy; the electrostatic component is connected to the rotating shaft, and the electrostatic component is used to drive the electrostatic component to rotate based on the rotation of the rotating shaft to generate a third electric energy; the piezoelectric component is fixed at a first preset distance above the electrostatic component, and the piezoelectric component is used to generate a fourth electric energy based on the rotation of the electrostatic component; The energy management system is connected to the photovoltaic component, the thermoelectric component, the electrostatic component, the piezoelectric component and the online monitoring device, and is used to process the first electric energy, the second electric energy, the third electric energy and the fourth electric energy to power the online monitoring device.

2. The self-energy extraction system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy management system comprises an energy management circuit, N energy storage modules and a voltage conversion circuit, wherein N is an integer not less than 2; The energy management circuit is connected to the photovoltaic assembly, the thermoelectric assembly, the electrostatic assembly, the piezoelectric assembly, the N energy storage modules and the voltage conversion circuit, and is used to control the charging or discharging of the N energy storage modules; The N energy storage modules are all grounded; The voltage conversion circuit is connected to the N energy storage modules and the online monitoring device, and is used to convert the voltage of the electric energy input to the voltage conversion circuit by the energy storage module when any energy storage module is discharged, so as to power the online monitoring device.

3. The self-energy extraction system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The energy management circuit includes a photovoltaic energy management circuit, a first energy management circuit, a second energy management circuit and a third energy management circuit, and the N energy storage modules include a first energy storage module, a second energy storage module and a third energy storage module, wherein the rated voltage of the first energy storage module is greater than the rated voltage of the second energy storage module and the third energy storage module; The input end of the photovoltaic energy management circuit is connected to the output end of the photovoltaic component, and the output end of the photovoltaic energy management circuit is connected to the first end of the first energy storage module and the common end of the voltage conversion circuit; The input end of the first energy management circuit is connected to the output end of the thermoelectric component, and the output end of the first energy management circuit is connected to the first end of the second energy storage module and the common end of the voltage conversion circuit; The input end of the second energy management circuit is connected to the output end of the electrostatic component, and the output end of the second energy management circuit and the output end of the third energy management circuit are both connected to the first end of the third energy storage module and the common end of the voltage conversion circuit; The input end of the third energy management circuit is connected to the output end of the piezoelectric component and the common end of the voltage conversion circuit; The second ends of the first energy storage module, the second energy storage module and the third energy storage module are all grounded.

4. The self-energy extraction system according to claim 3, characterized in that: Also included are a first diode, a second diode, a third diode, a fourth diode, and a fifth diode; The anode of the first diode is connected to the common end of the output end of the photovoltaic energy management circuit and the first end of the first energy storage module, and the cathode of the first diode, the cathode of the second diode and the cathode of the third diode are all connected to the first end of the voltage conversion circuit, so as to prevent the current from flowing back to the first energy storage module; The anode of the second diode is connected to the common end of the output end of the first energy management circuit and the first end of the second energy storage module, so as to prevent the current from flowing back to the second energy storage module; The anode of the third diode is connected to the common end of the output end of the second energy management circuit, the output end of the third energy management circuit and the first end of the third energy storage module, so as to prevent the current from flowing back to the third energy storage module; The anode of the fourth diode is connected to the output end of the second energy management circuit, and the cathode of the fourth diode and the cathode of the fifth diode are connected to the common end of the first end of the third energy storage module and the anode of the third diode, so as to prevent the current from flowing back to the second energy management circuit; An anode of the fifth diode is connected to the output end of the third energy management circuit to prevent current from flowing back into the third energy management circuit.

5. The self-energy extraction system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first energy storage module is a lithium battery, and the second energy storage module and the third energy storage module are both supercapacitors.

6. The self-energy extraction system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photothermal fusion energy extraction module also includes a heat sink and a heat insulation layer; The heat spreader is disposed between the heat conducting component and the photovoltaic component; The heat insulation layer is attached to the sides of the photovoltaic component and the heat conducting component.

7. The self-energy extraction system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thermoelectric component is a temperature difference power generation sheet.

8. The self-energy extraction system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The electrostatic assembly includes A positive electrets, A negative electrets and 2A copper electrodes, where A is an integer not less than 2; A positive electrets are evenly connected to the outside of the rotating shaft in a circumferential direction; A negative polarity electrets are evenly connected to the outside of the rotating shaft in the circumferential direction; A of the positive electrets and A of the negative electrets are alternately spaced and distributed on the same plane in the circumferential direction; The 2A copper electrodes are fixed at a second preset distance below the A positive polarity electrets and the A negative polarity electrets, one copper electrode is arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with one positive polarity electret, and one copper electrode is arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with one negative polarity electret.

9. The self-energy extraction system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The piezoelectric assembly includes B cantilever beams, B first magnets and B second magnets, where B is an integer not greater than A; B of the cantilever beams are fixed at a first preset distance above the electrostatic component, and the B of the cantilever beams are used to generate the fourth electric energy through the magnetic force generated between the B of the first magnets and the B of the second magnets; B of the first magnets are symmetrically distributed on A of the positive polarity electrets and A of the negative polarity electrets; The B second magnets are respectively attached to the movable ends of the B cantilever beams.

10. The self-energy extraction system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The cantilever beam comprises a piezoelectric layer and a metal plate; The piezoelectric layer is attached to the periphery of the metal electrode plate, the length of the piezoelectric layer is smaller than the length of the metal electrode plate, the exposed portion of the metal electrode plate is the active end of the cantilever beam, and the piezoelectric layer and the metal electrode plate are fixed a first preset distance above the electrostatic component.

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